568 lines
70 KiB
XML
568 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="0725D423431A3148AFD228F8187B78AA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208030" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2d0d8185-6413-45a8-8296-02cf27c54219" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208030" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460317553103" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fehlauer-Ale, Karin H., Vieira, Leandro M. & Winston, Judith E." docDate="2011" docId="03E087C2FFA9EA0E9D9E5049FB7A6828" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02962p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2962" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Amathia distans Busk 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFD9FFBAFFAEEA079D095719FF8D6E2A" masterDocTitle="Molecular and morphological characterization of Amathia distans Busk and Amathia brasiliensis Busk (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698255489765" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9F72A54F97490D481FA6A1851F13181C">Molecular and morphological characterization of Amathia distans Busk and Amathia brasiliensis Busk (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) from the tropical and subtropical Western Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCAD705BAEF8D9720B3AC33A50287F54">Fehlauer-Ale, Karin H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70AEA1AFC23A39A5AAE6F23ACA5E1C08">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BCDC29A5D3CCDD01C4EDB7943FA4D0E">Winston, Judith E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="784A28C32BC5890C659DEED78AB4EA3E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D9CD59B0BAA26DC83E7196B49487BEE1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4AC23076166B1DED5B033770AE4E95BB">
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<mods:date id="884BB16DAE309B104DD7EFDE0ED8E375">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E087C2FFA9EA0E9D9E5049FB7A6828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5693542" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119401949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5693542" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087C2FFA9EA0E9D9E5049FB7A6828" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087C2FFA9EA0E9D9E5049FB7A6828" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C353655FFFA9EA009D9E5049FD9069A1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA9EA009D9E5049FE666940" blockId="7.[151,541,1872,1931]" box="[151,491,1872,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0BE81B8FFA9EA009D9E5049FE666940" bold="true" box="[151,491,1872,1898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009D9E5049FE666940" ID-CoL="CJ84" authority="Busk, 1886" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,491,1872,1898]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009D9E5049FE666940" bold="true" box="[151,491,1872,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009D9E5049FED76940" bold="true" box="[151,346,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Amathia distans</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009C6B5049FE666940" author="Busk" box="[354,491,1872,1898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. " Challenger ", Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA9EA009D9E506AFD9069A1" blockId="7.[151,541,1872,1931]" box="[151,541,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="13722A51FFA9EA009D96506AFE8E69A1" box="[159,259,1907,1931]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[177,1436,591,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,591,1938]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 2, Amathia brasiliensis, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.928 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil; 3 – 4, Amathia distans, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.925 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208031/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13722A51FFA9EA009C06506AFEEB69A1" box="[271,358,1907,1931]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 10. 5" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1733,1756]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1712]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 10. 5, Amathia brasiliensis, general view of the whitish-pale living colony; 6, Amathia distans, general view of the bright yellow living colony; 7, A. brasiliensis, close-up of the biserial autozooidal clusters around the wide stolon; 8, A. distans, close-up of autozooidal clusters around the slender stolon; 9, A. brasiliensis, close-up of whitish-pale pigment spots in the frontal surface of stolon and zooids; 10, A. distans, close-up of bright yellow pigment spots in stolon and zooidal surfaces, including lophophores." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208032/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">6, 8, 10</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6CB036FFFA9EA009C7B506AFE5D69A1" box="[370,464,1907,1931]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,235,1159,1180]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of taxa, site of sampling, museum and GenBank accession numbers of specimens included in present study. Legends: AL, Alagoas State; SC, Santa Catarina State; SP, São Paulo State; PR, Paraná Sate, BR, Brazil. *, data previously published; **, material from CEBIMar-USP collection." pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="C6CB036FFFA9EA009F0F506AFD9969A1" box="[518,532,1907,1931]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (n = 10) and selected characters of Amathia distans Busk, 1886 from the Brazilian coast." pageId="7" pageNumber="56">3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFA9EA009D9E50AFFB7069C0" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA9EA009D9E50AFFB7069C0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1973,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5911FAFFA9EA009D9E50AFFB7069C0" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA9EA009D9E50AFFE5369E1" ID-CoL="CJ84" authority="Busk, 1886: 33" authorityName="Busk" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,478,1973,1996]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
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<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA9EA009D9E50AFFEB669E6" box="[151,315,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Amathia distans</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFA9EA009C4B50ACFE5369E1" author="Busk" box="[322,478,1973,1995]" page="33" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009C4B50ACFE3469E1" author="Busk" box="[322,441,1973,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. " Challenger ", Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 33
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 7, fig. 1;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFA9EA009F6E50AFFCAD69E1" author="Marcus" box="[615,800,1974,1995]" page="134" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" year="1937">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009F6E50AFFD7D69E1" author="Marcus" box="[615,752,1974,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
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: 134
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(part) (not pl. 27, fig. 72); 1941: 28, fig. 29; 1949: 27, fig. 42; 1955: 313 (part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFA9EA009C7050CDFDBE69C0" author="Osburn" box="[377,563,2004,2026]" page="339" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" year="1940">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009C7050CDFD8D69C0" author="Osburn" box="[377,512,2004,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian Bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 339
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810C5FFA9EA009F3450CDFD7269C0" author="Winston" box="[573,767,2004,2026]" page="110" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" year="1982">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009F3450CDFD4369C0" author="Winston" box="[573,718,2004,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Winston, J. E. (1982) Marine bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Indian River area, Florida. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173, 99 - 176." type="journal article" year="1982">Winston 1982</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 110
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 10;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA9EA009E5050CDFC6769C0" author="d'Hondt" box="[857,1002,2004,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="d'Hondt, J. - L. (1983) Tabular keys for the identification of the Recent ctenostomatous Bryozoa. Memoires de l'Institut Oceanographique, 14, 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">d’Hondt 1983</bibRefCitation>
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||
: p. 65 (part; form 1, p. 69).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFA6EA0F9D9E578EFD976FAD" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA6EA0F9D9E578EFD976FAD" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
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||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9D9E578EFE096E9A" bold="true" box="[151,388,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C865780FE716E9A" box="[399,508,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F28876FFA6EA0F9C865780FE716E9A" box="[399,508,153,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(chosen here):
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<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFA6EA0F9FBF5781FCAD6E85" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[694,800,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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||
1887.12.9.925 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A51FFA6EA0F9ED6578EFB116E85" box="[991,1180,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[177,1436,591,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,591,1938]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 2, Amathia brasiliensis, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.928 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil; 3 – 4, Amathia distans, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.925 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208031/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Figures 3 and 4</figureCitation>
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||
),
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F99BF5781FAE26E9A" box="[1206,1391,152,176]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F99BF5781FAE26E9A" box="[1206,1391,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Amathia distans</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(G. Busk det.), H.M.S. ‘
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||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C7757A5FE716EFE" box="[382,508,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Challenger</emphasis>
|
||
’, Bahia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA6EA0F9F6157A5FD3F6EFE" box="[616,690,188,212]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
), 10–20 fms (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA6EA0F9E4657A5FC736EFE" box="[847,1022,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7435" metricValueMax="3.658" metricValueMin="1.829" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="27.435" valueMax="36.58" valueMin="18.29">18.29–36.58 m</quantity>
|
||
), figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F999857A5FF3D6EDD" author="Busk" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. " Challenger ", Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk (1886, pl. vii, fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F28876FFA6EA0F9DB557F9FEE96ED2" box="[188,356,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9DB557F9FEE96ED2" box="[188,356,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Paralectotypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFA6EA0F9C7D57F9FE536EDD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[372,478,224,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1887.12.9.926,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9F9D57F9FCC46ED2" box="[660,841,224,248]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9F9D57F9FCC46ED2" box="[660,841,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Amathia distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(G. Busk det.), H.M.S. ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F995757F9FB516ED2" box="[1118,1244,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Challenger</emphasis>
|
||
’, Bahia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA6EA0F984C57C6FA026EDD" box="[1349,1423,223,247]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
), 10–20 fms (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA6EA0F9C28561DFE5F6F36" box="[289,466,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7435" metricValueMax="3.658" metricValueMin="1.829" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="27.435" valueMax="36.58" valueMin="18.29">18.29–36.58 m</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFA6EA0F9CE1561CFDDF6F36" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[488,594,261,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1899.7.1.4358–4359,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9E5B561DFB846F36" box="[850,1033,260,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9E5B561DFB846F36" box="[850,1033,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Amathia distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, H.M.S. ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9977561DFB716F36" box="[1150,1276,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Challenger</emphasis>
|
||
’, Bahia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA6EA0F9860561DFF3B6F15" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
), G. Busk Collection;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFA6EA0F9CBB5631FD916F15" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[434,540,296,319]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1963.2.12.359,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9FDD5631FC076F6A" box="[724,906,296,320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9FDD5631FC076F6A" box="[724,906,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Amathia distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, H.M.S. ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9EF45631FBF66F6A" box="[1021,1147,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Challenger</emphasis>
|
||
’, Bahia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA6EA0F99EF563EFABD6F15" box="[1254,1328,295,319]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Dundee Collection. Additional material (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CB036FFFA6EA0F9F195655FDE56F4E" box="[528,616,332,356]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,235,1159,1180]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of taxa, site of sampling, museum and GenBank accession numbers of specimens included in present study. Legends: AL, Alagoas State; SC, Santa Catarina State; SP, São Paulo State; PR, Paraná Sate, BR, Brazil. *, data previously published; **, material from CEBIMar-USP collection." pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFA6EA0F9F8C5655FD6F6F4E" box="[645,738,332,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
(498–500),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFA6EA0F9E7C5655FC5F6F4E" box="[885,978,332,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
(508–510) (donated to
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED58AE11FFA6EA0F99E55655FAD66F4E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1260,1371,332,356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
), São Sebastião, São Paulo State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA6EA0F9CC75676FD9B6FAD" box="[462,534,367,391]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFA6EA0F9DCE568AFA816C8D" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA6EA0F9DCE568AFA816C8D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9DCE568AFEF96F86" bold="true" box="[199,372,403,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies cuticularized, erect, regularly branched, transparent white to yellowish tan. Frontal surface of stolons and zooids of living colonies with bright yellow pigment spots. Autozooids in biserial clusters, 9 to 19 pairs of long clockwise and/or anticlockwise complete spirals at the distal end around the thickly cuticularized slender stolon; direction of spirals not maintained from maternal to daughter stolons; each maternal stolon buds two daughter stolons, one of which has autozooidal clusters organized in a clockwise spiral and the other in an anticlockwise spiral. Clusters present from distal half of stolon to three quarters of its length. Zooids tubular, connate for almost their entire length, not varying in size with the position of the series. Orifice terminal, circular. Polypides with 8 equal, slightly curved tentacles about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA6EA0F9E085596FCE86C8D" box="[769,869,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, with yellow pigment spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFA6EA0E9DCE55ADFEC76F89" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA6EA0F9DCE55ADFAF26D12" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9DCE55ADFEB66CE6" bold="true" box="[199,315,692,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9C4B55ADFE7B6CE6" box="[322,502,692,716]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C4B55ADFE7B6CE6" box="[322,502,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Amathia distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from its congeners by the combined presence of bright yellow pigment spots in stolonal and zooidal surfaces, including lophophores, and by a thickly cuticularized slender stolon (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA6EA0F9D9755E5FEC56D3E" box="[158,328,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1500000000000001" metricValueMax="1.4000000000000001" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.115" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter). The daughter stolons have autozooids organized in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, with the direction of spirals rarely maintained from maternal to daughter stolons as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F99DE5439FAFA6D12" box="[1239,1399,800,824]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F99DE5439FAFA6D12" box="[1239,1399,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA6EA0F9DCE545DFB5E6DC6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9DCE545DFEF36D76" box="[199,382,836,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9DCE545DFEF36D76" box="[199,382,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Amathia distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9CB1545DFDD76D76" box="[440,602,836,860]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9CB1545DFDD76D76" box="[440,602,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were described for the same locality by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F998B545DFA9C6D76" author="Busk" box="[1154,1297,836,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. " Challenger ", Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, were originally distinguished by the colony branching pattern, the stolon diameter and the size and position of the zooid clusters on the stolon. These distinctive characteristics have been confirmed through morphological analyses of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F28876FFA6EA0F9D9E54A8FF636DE3" box="[151,238,945,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens deposited at the NHMUK. Here, we have selected and figured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722A51FFA6EA0F994054B6FB236DED" box="[1097,1198,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1962,1985]" captionTargetBox="[177,1436,591,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,591,1938]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. 1 – 2, Amathia brasiliensis, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.928 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil; 3 – 4, Amathia distans, NHMUK 1887.12. 9.925 (lectotype specimen, chosen here), off Bahia, Brazil." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208031/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
|
||
) the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F28876FFA6EA0F99E354B6FADC6DED" box="[1258,1361,943,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9C3954CDFE5D6DC6" box="[304,464,980,1004]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C3954CDFE5D6DC6" box="[304,464,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK 1887.12.9.928) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9E3B54CDFC2D6DC6" box="[818,928,980,1004]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9E3B54CDFC2D6DC6" box="[818,928,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK 1887.12.9.925).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA6EA0F9DCE54EEFD7F6B26" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Specimens attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9CD354E1FDC46A3A" box="[474,585,1016,1040]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9CD354E1FDC46A3A" box="[474,585,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by different researchers over the years show morphological characteristics that do not completely fit the original description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9FF95305FCF16A1E" author="Busk" box="[752,892,1052,1076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. " Challenger ", Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886">Busk (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and probably pertain to other species. Unfortunately, any potential pigmentation differences cannot be observed in preserved colonies, as the pigment is lost in alcohol; only the characters of zooids, zooid clusters and internodes are available for comparison.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F99FA537CFA116A56" author="Harmer" box="[1267,1436,1124,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1915) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1. Entoprocta, Ctenostomata and Cyclostomata. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 A, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1915">Harmer (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9C395391FE2F6A8A" box="[304,418,1160,1184]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C395391FE2F6A8A" box="[304,418,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens characterized by dichotomous colonies with zooids partially joined, usually forming one complete loop in the distal part of the slender internode, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA6EA0F990E53B5FBE06AEE" box="[1031,1133,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Although the diameter of the stolons measured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9F3953C8FD5B6AC2" author="Harmer" box="[560,726,1232,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1915) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1. Entoprocta, Ctenostomata and Cyclostomata. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 A, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1915">Harmer (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is similar to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9EBD53C9FBE96AC2" authority="Busk" authorityName="Busk" box="[948,1124,1232,1256]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9EBD53C9FBAC6AC2" box="[948,1057,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
Busk
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Siboga specimens have zooids unjoined for two-fifths or more of their length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA6EA0F9DCE5201FC8A6896" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Several Brazilian colonies with both wider and slenderer stolons were identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F99675200FA816B1A" author="Marcus" box="[1134,1292,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus (1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F98115201FADF6B1A" author="Marcus" box="[1304,1362,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Marcus, E. (1941) Briozoarios marinhos do litoral paranaense. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 1, 7 - 36." type="journal article" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F98545201FA156B1A" author="Marcus" box="[1373,1432,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Marcus, E. (1949) Some Bryozoa from the Brazilian coast. Comunicationes Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 3 (53), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1949">1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9D9E5225FF5D6B7E" author="Marcus" box="[151,208,1340,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Marcus, E. (1955) Notas sobre briozoos marinhos brasileiros. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 42, 273 - 341." type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9C9A5225FD8C6B7E" box="[403,513,1340,1364]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C9A5225FD8C6B7E" box="[403,513,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Figures based upon specimens collected in São Paulo State (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F99BB5225FAC76B7E" author="Marcus" box="[1202,1354,1340,1364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 27, fig. 72;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9DF95278FE056B52" author="Marcus" box="[240,392,1376,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Marcus, E. (1949) Some Bryozoa from the Brazilian coast. Comunicationes Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 3 (53), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1949">Marcus 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 42) show stolons
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA6EA0F9F8E5279FCA66B52" box="[647,811,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.35" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and were probably based upon both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F985B5279FF4B6BB6" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F985B5279FF4B6BB6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9DF5529DFE286BB6" box="[252,421,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9DF5529DFE2C6BB6" box="[252,417,1412,1436]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">A. brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9CA5529DFDDD6BB6" author="Osburn" box="[428,592,1412,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1940) Bryozoa of Porto Rico with a resume of the West Indian Bryozoan fauna. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 321 - 486." type="journal article" year="1940">Osburn (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished Caribbean specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9900529DFB276BB6" box="[1033,1194,1412,1436]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9900529DFB276BB6" box="[1033,1194,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F99E9529DFAC26BB6" box="[1248,1359,1412,1436]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F99E9529DFAC26BB6" box="[1248,1359,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of stolon diameter of stolon and the degree of zooid joining. Yellow-pigmented zooids were first noted in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F988D52B1FF6B6BCE" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F988D52B1FF6B6BCE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in Florida by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9CFF52D5FD256BCE" author="Winston" box="[502,680,1484,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Winston, J. E. (1982) Marine bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Indian River area, Florida. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 173, 99 - 176." type="journal article" year="1982">Winston (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and have never been reported in specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F99CD52D5FABE6BCE" box="[1220,1331,1484,1508]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F99CD52D5FABE6BCE" box="[1220,1331,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pacific (D.P. Gordon, pers. comm.). The yellow-spotted Atlantic variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9EED52E9FBDC6822" box="[996,1105,1520,1544]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9EED52E9FBDC6822" box="[996,1105,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(footnote 4, p.
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA6EA0F99F652E9FAB56822" box="[1279,1336,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7526" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="69.0">69 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F983652E9FF5D6806" author="d'Hondt" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="d'Hondt, J. - L. (1983) Tabular keys for the identification of the Recent ctenostomatous Bryozoa. Memoires de l'Institut Oceanographique, 14, 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">d’Hondt 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9C88510DFE7C6806" box="[385,497,1556,1580]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C88510DFE7C6806" box="[385,497,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57BDFFA6EA0F9CF2510CFD016806" box="[507,652,1556,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. D’Hondt’s figured specimen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9EE7510DFB1F6806" author="d'Hondt" box="[1006,1170,1556,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="d'Hondt, J. - L. (1983) Tabular keys for the identification of the Recent ctenostomatous Bryozoa. Memoires de l'Institut Oceanographique, 14, 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">d’Hondt 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 64, fig. 35C; p. 69, form 2) probably represents a different species, based on the presence of autozooids
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19B31FFA6EA0F996E512EFA816865" box="[1127,1292,1591,1615]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.225" valueMax="0.25" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, wider than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9C7E5145FDA5685E" authority="Busk" authorityName="Busk" box="[375,552,1628,1652]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C7E5145FE6B685E" box="[375,486,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
Busk
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CB036FFFA6EA0F9F3F5145FD00685E" box="[566,653,1628,1652]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements (n = 10) and selected characters of Amathia distans Busk, 1886 from the Brazilian coast." pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The small specimen from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA6EA0F991A5145FBF7685E" box="[1043,1146,1628,1652]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F98005145FAF4685E" box="[1289,1401,1628,1652]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F98005145FAF4685E" box="[1289,1401,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9D9E5166FEF268BD" author="MacGillivray" box="[151,383,1663,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="MacGillivray, P. H. (1895) On the Australian species of Amathia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, n. s., 7, 131 - 140." type="journal article" year="1895">MacGillivray (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has unjoined zooids; this specimen also probably belongs to a different species, which resembles ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9DDD51BDFE046896" box="[212,393,1700,1724]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9DDD51BDFE046896" box="[212,393,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Amathia distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form 2’ of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9F0251BDFD396896" author="d'Hondt" box="[523,692,1700,1724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="d'Hondt, J. - L. (1983) Tabular keys for the identification of the Recent ctenostomatous Bryozoa. Memoires de l'Institut Oceanographique, 14, 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1983">d’Hondt (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 69).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA6EA0F9DCE51DEFC7669BE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9DCE51DEFE2C68F5" author="Chimonides" box="[199,417,1735,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Chimonides, P. J. (1987) Notes on some species of the genus Amathia (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 52, 307 - 358." type="journal article" year="1987">Chimonides (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed other morphological similarities (e.g. shape of clusters of zooids rotating 360° around stolon) and differences (proportion of bare stolon between adjacent zooid clusters and diameter of stolon) between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9DF55009FE106902" box="[252,413,1808,1832]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9DF55009FE106902" box="[252,413,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9CDC5009FDC86902" box="[469,581,1808,1832]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9CDC5009FDC86902" box="[469,581,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA6EA0F9F5D5016FCA4690D" box="[596,809,1807,1832]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Souto, J., Fernandez-Pulpeiro, E. & Reverter-Gil, O. (2010) The genus Amathia Lamouroux (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) in Iberian waters. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 51, 181 - 195." type="journal article">
|
||
Souto
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9F945008FD426902" box="[669,719,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a similar appearance amongst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F99E45009FA116902" box="[1261,1436,1808,1832]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minoricensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F99E45009FA116902" box="[1261,1436,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. minoricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some widespread species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9F54502DFD466966" box="[605,715,1844,1868]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9F54502DFD466966" box="[605,715,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, according to those authors,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9989502DFAA36966" box="[1152,1326,1844,1868]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="minoricensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9989502DFAA36966" box="[1152,1326,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. minoricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is readily distinguished from either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9CC95041FDBC695A" box="[448,561,1880,1904]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9CC95041FDBC695A" box="[448,561,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9F555041FD72695A" box="[604,767,1880,1904]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9F555041FD72695A" box="[604,767,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">A. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of rhizoids, autozooidal shape, degree of twisting of zooid clusters along stolons and the branching pattern of colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA6EA0F9DCE5086FD1669F6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9DCE5086FE016992" bold="true" box="[199,396,1951,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA6EA0F9C9C50B9FDC06992" box="[405,589,1952,1976]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA6EA0F9C9C50B9FDC06992" box="[405,589,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Amathia distans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E57BDFFA6EA0F9F5F50B8FD6E6992" box="[598,739,1952,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occurs at least from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA6EA0F9ED050B9FB936992" box="[985,1054,1952,1976]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Florida on substrata including algae, bryozoans, and anthropogenic surfaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF36665CFFA7EA0E9D9E5781FAAB6E84" box="[151,1318,152,174]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9D9E5781FAAB6E84" blockId="9.[151,1410,152,419]" box="[151,1318,152,174]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA7EA0E9D9E5781FE896E87" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (n = 10) and selected characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494D57FFA7EA0E9E0E5781FBA86E84" authority="Busk, 1886" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1886" box="[775,1061,152,174]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Vesiculariidae" genus="Amathia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="distans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA7EA0E9E0E5781FC266E84" box="[775,939,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Amathia distans</emphasis>
|
||
Busk, 1886
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Brazilian coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9C5D57D3FA926ED4" blockId="9.[151,1410,152,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">NHMUK MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP MZUSP 1887.12.9.925 498 499 508 509 510</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9D965608FEC26F0D" blockId="9.[151,1410,152,419]" box="[159,335,273,295]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Autozooid length</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9D965623FAF56F7A" blockId="9.[151,1410,152,419]" box="[159,1400,314,336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Min-Max - 0.310–0.540 0.350–0.470 0.330–0.480 0.390–0.520 0.310–0.520</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9D96567CFA0F6F53" blockId="9.[151,1410,152,419]" box="[159,1410,355,378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mean (SD) - 0.450 (0.070) 0.405 (0.032) 0.414 (0.041) 0.424 (0.039) 0.410 (0.060)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9D965694FEC76F89" blockId="9.[151,1410,152,419]" box="[159,330,397,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Autozooid width</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9D9656AFFA0C6CC4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<table id="F949C474FFA715F89D9E56AFFA096CC4" box="[151,1412,438,750]" gridcols="7" gridrows="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9E56AFFA096FE6" box="[151,1412,438,460]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9E56AFFEAB6FE6" box="[151,294,438,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Min-Max</th>
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89C5D56AFFE186FE6" box="[340,405,438,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">-</th>
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89F0656AFFD156FE6" box="[527,664,438,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.080–0.130</th>
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC056AFFCDF6FE6" box="[713,850,438,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.070–0.130</th>
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D56AFFB806FE6" box="[900,1037,438,460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.070–0.120</th>
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F8993756AFFB4A6FE6" box="[1086,1223,438,460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.080–0.130</th>
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F056AFFA096FE6" box="[1273,1412,438,460]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.080–0.120</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9E56F9FA096FDC" box="[151,1412,480,502]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9E56F9FEAB6FDC" box="[151,294,480,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mean (SD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89C5D56F9FE186FDC" box="[340,405,480,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89F0656F9FD156FDC" box="[527,664,480,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.101 (0.014)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC056F9FCDF6FDC" box="[713,850,480,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.096 (0.018)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D56F9FB806FDC" box="[900,1037,480,502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.096 (0.016)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F8993756F9FB4A6FDC" box="[1086,1223,480,502]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.110 (0.015)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F056F9FA096FDC" box="[1273,1412,480,502]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.101 (0.012)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9E5510FA096C35" box="[151,1412,521,543]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9E5510FEAB6C35" box="[151,294,521,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Stolon length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9E552BFA096C62" box="[151,1412,562,584]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9E552BFEAB6C62" box="[151,294,562,584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Min-Max</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89C5D552BFE186C62" box="[340,405,562,584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89F06552BFD156C62" box="[527,664,562,584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.715–2.340</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC0552BFCDF6C62" box="[713,850,562,584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.833–2.379</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D552BFB806C62" box="[900,1037,562,584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">2.028–2.934</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89937552BFB4A6C62" box="[1086,1223,562,584]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.872–2.652</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F0552BFA096C62" box="[1273,1412,562,584]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.833–2.691</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9E5542FA096C58" box="[151,1412,603,626]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9E5542FEAB6C58" box="[151,294,603,626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mean (SD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89C5D5542FE186C58" box="[340,405,603,626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89F065542FD156C58" box="[527,664,603,626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">2.114 (0.214)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC05542FCDF6C58" box="[713,850,603,626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">2.118 (0.210)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D5542FB806C58" box="[900,1037,603,626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">2.410 (0.328)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899375542FB4A6C58" box="[1086,1223,603,626]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">2.301 (0.225)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F05542FA096C58" box="[1273,1412,603,626]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">2.324 (0.256)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9E559CFA096CB1" box="[151,1412,645,667]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9E559CFEAB6CB1" box="[151,294,645,667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Stolon width</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9E55B7FA096CEE" box="[151,1412,686,708]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9E55B7FEAB6CEE" box="[151,294,686,708]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Min-Max</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89C5D55B7FE186CEE" box="[340,405,686,708]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">-</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89F0655B7FD156CEE" box="[527,664,686,708]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.100–0.120</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC055B7FCDF6CEE" box="[713,850,686,708]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.090–0.120</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D55B7FB806CEE" box="[900,1037,686,708]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.110–0.140</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F8993755B7FB4A6CEE" box="[1086,1223,686,708]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.100–0.120</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F055B7FA096CEE" box="[1273,1412,686,708]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.090–0.120</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9E55C1FA096CC4" box="[151,1412,728,750]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9E55C1FEAB6CC4" box="[151,294,728,750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mean (SD)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89C5D55C1FE186CC4" box="[340,405,728,750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">~ 0.12</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89F0655C1FD156CC4" box="[527,664,728,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.111 (0.007)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC055C1FCDF6CC4" box="[713,850,728,750]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.103 (0.009)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D55C1FB806CC4" box="[900,1037,728,750]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.119 (0.009)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F8993755C1FB4A6CC4" box="[1086,1223,728,750]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.112 (0.008)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F055C1FA096CC4" box="[1273,1412,728,750]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">0.107 (0.011)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9D965418FA096AF9" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<table id="F949C474FFA715F89D965418FA096ADB" box="[159,1412,769,1265]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D965418FA096D3D" box="[159,1412,769,791]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D965418FD2C6D3D" box="[159,673,769,791]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Clusters of Autozooid length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D965433FA096D6A" box="[159,1412,810,832]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D965433FD2C6D6A" box="[159,673,810,832]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Min-Max - 0.936–1.482</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC05433FCD96D6A" box="[713,852,810,832]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.014–1.560</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D5433FB936D6A" box="[900,1054,810,832]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.092–1.872</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899375433FB556D6A" box="[1086,1240,810,832]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.404–1.872</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F05433FA096D6A" box="[1273,1412,810,832]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.248–1.677</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D96544AFA096D40" box="[159,1412,851,874]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D96544AFD2C6D40" box="[159,673,851,874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mean (SD) - 1.256 (0.153)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC0544AFCD96D40" box="[713,852,851,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.299 (0.179)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D544AFB936D40" box="[900,1054,851,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.509 (0.217)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89937544AFB556D40" box="[1086,1240,851,874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.575 (0.153)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F0544AFA096D40" box="[1273,1412,851,874]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">1.147 (0.170)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D965464FA096DB9" box="[159,1412,893,915]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D965464FD2C6DB9" box="[159,673,893,915]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Proportion of clusters on stolon</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9654BFFA096D96" box="[159,1412,934,956]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9654BFFD2C6D96" box="[159,673,934,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Min-Max - 52%–73%</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC054BFFCD96D96" box="[713,852,934,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">52%–68%</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D54BFFB936D96" box="[900,1054,934,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">50%–74%</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F8993754BFFB556D96" box="[1086,1240,934,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">59%–80%</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F054BFFA096D96" box="[1273,1412,934,956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">53%–74%</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9654C9FA096DCC" box="[159,1412,976,998]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9654C9FD2C6DCC" box="[159,673,976,998]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Mean (SD) - 59 % (6%)</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC054C9FCD96DCC" box="[713,852,976,998]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">61% (4%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D54C9FB936DCC" box="[900,1054,976,998]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">62% (7%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F8993754C9FB556DCC" box="[1086,1240,976,998]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">69% (7%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F054C9FA096DCC" box="[1273,1412,976,998]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">64% (6%)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9654E0FA096A25" box="[159,1412,1017,1039]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9654E0FD2C6A25" box="[159,673,1017,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Pairs of autozooids per cluster</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D96533BFA096A12" box="[159,1412,1058,1080]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D96533BFD2C6A12" box="[159,673,1058,1080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Min-Max 12–14 11–16</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC0533BFCD96A12" box="[713,852,1058,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">11–16</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D533BFB936A12" box="[900,1054,1058,1080]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">12–23</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89937533BFB556A12" box="[1086,1240,1058,1080]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">9–16</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F0533BFA096A12" box="[1273,1412,1058,1080]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">10–19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D965352FA096A4B" box="[159,1412,1099,1121]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D965352FD2C6A4B" box="[159,673,1099,1121]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Spiral direction in daughter stolon</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D96536CFA096A83" box="[159,1412,1141,1193]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D96536CFD2C6A83" box="[159,673,1141,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Left stolon - Clockwise</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC0536CFCD96A83" box="[713,852,1141,1193]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">clockwise</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D536CFB936A83" box="[900,1054,1141,1193]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">clockwise anti- clockwise</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89937536CFB556A83" box="[1086,1240,1141,1193]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">clockwise anti- clockwise</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F0536CFA096A83" box="[1273,1412,1141,1193]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">clockwise</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35793496FFA715F89D9653A4FA096ADB" box="[159,1412,1213,1265]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<th id="76A85DEAFFA715F89D9653A4FD2C6ADB" box="[159,673,1213,1265]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Right stolon - Anticlockwise</th>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89FC053A4FCD96ADB" box="[713,852,1213,1265]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">anticlockwise</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F89E8D53A4FB936ADB" box="[900,1054,1213,1265]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">anticlockwise clockwise</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F8993753A4FB556ADB" box="[1086,1240,1213,1265]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">anticlockwise clockwise</td>
|
||
<td id="76A85DEAFFA715F899F053A4FA096ADB" box="[1273,1412,1213,1265]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">anticlockwise</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C353655FFFA7EA0E9DCE522FFB7A6828" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF636D4FFA7EA0E9DCE522FFB7A6828" blockId="9.[151,1436,1334,1538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA7EA0E9DCE522FFEED6B65" bold="true" box="[199,352,1334,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species was originally described from the Brazilian State of Bahia by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E99B4522FFA1A6B64" author="Busk" box="[1213,1431,1334,1358]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Busk, G. (1886) Report on the Polyzoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part. 2. The Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata and Pedicellinea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. " Challenger ", Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1886" yearSuffix="p">Busk (1886: p. 33)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and was reported for the shores of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA7EA0E9F2F5243FD1E6B58" box="[550,659,1370,1394]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">the States</collectingCountry>
|
||
of Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E99F65243FA156B58" author="Marcus" box="[1279,1432,1370,1394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Marcus, E. (1937) Bryozoarios marinhos brasileiros I. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 1, 5 - 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Marcus 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E9D9E5267FF5C6BBC" author="Marcus" box="[151,209,1406,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Marcus, E. (1941) Briozoarios marinhos do litoral paranaense. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 1, 7 - 36." type="journal article" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E9DD55267FE9A6BBC" author="Marcus" box="[220,279,1406,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Marcus, E. (1949) Some Bryozoa from the Brazilian coast. Comunicationes Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 3 (53), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1949">1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E9C2B5267FED06BBC" author="Marcus" box="[290,349,1406,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Marcus, E. (1955) Notas sobre briozoos marinhos brasileiros. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, 42, 273 - 341." type="journal article" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Alagoas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E9F035267FD5D6BBC" author="Vieira" box="[522,720,1406,1431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Vieira, L. M., Gordon, D. P. & Correia, M. D. (2007) First record of a living ditaxiporine catenicellid in the Atlantic, with a description of Vasignyella ovicellata n. sp. (Bryozoa). Zootaxa, 1582, 49 - 58." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Vieira
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA7EA0E9F5E5299FD036BBC" box="[599,654,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E9FD25267FC956BBC" author="Vieira" box="[731,792,1406,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Vieira, L. M., Migotto, A. E. & Winston, J. E. (2008) Synopsis and annotated checklist of recent marine Bryozoa from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1810, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has since been treated as a widespread fouling species in warm waters, with records for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA7EA0E9F1F52BBFDF26B90" box="[534,639,1442,1466]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA7EA0E9F8552BBFD716B90" box="[652,764,1442,1466]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Florida, Southern California, Gulf of California, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7644FFA7EA0E986E52BAFF7C6BF4" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(viz.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E9C3852DEFE446BF4" author="Harmer" box="[305,457,1478,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Harmer, S. F. (1915) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1. Entoprocta, Ctenostomata and Cyclostomata. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28 A, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1915">Harmer 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E9CDD52DFFD766BF4" author="Gordon" box="[468,763,1478,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Gordon, D. P. & Mawatari, S. F. (1992) Atlas of marine-fouling Bryozoa of New Zealand ports and harbours. Miscellaneous Publications of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, 107, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1992">Gordon & Mawatari 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Soule
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEAC6FFA7EA0E9E4452DEFCEE6BF4" box="[845,867,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="58">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E9E6352DFFC736BF4" author="Osburn" box="[874,1022,1478,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1953) Bryozoa of the Pacific coast of America, part. 3, Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata, Entoprocta and Addenda. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 14, 613 - 841." type="journal article" year="1953">Osburn 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E990352DEFB166BF4" author="Menon" box="[1034,1179,1478,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Menon, N. R. (1972) Species of the sub-order Ctenostomata Busk (Bryozoa) from Indian waters. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 57, 599 - 629." type="journal article" year="1972">Menon 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B25FFA7EA0E99AE52DFFACB6BF4" author="Gordon" box="[1191,1350,1478,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="58" refString="Gordon, D. P. (2009) Baudina gen. nov., constituting the first record of Pasytheidae from Australia, and Sinoflustridae fam. nov., with a checklist of Bryozoa and Pterobranchia from Beagle Gulf. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 25, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2009">Gordon, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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; K. Tilbrook pers. comm. 2010.). However, some of these records are doubtful and require reinvestigation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |