233 lines
40 KiB
XML
233 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="4B36614A990326F035D160E934E88459" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4034.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72563d71-cf0e-41e5-af9b-eaff7cff4bfc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238840" ID-ZooBank="7FDC215C-9722-41BB-B752-A9C38942CE82" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461299473092" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gong, Lin, Li, Xinzheng & Qiu, Jian-Wen" docDate="2015" docId="03BB87FCFFDC5A2AFF24FE8E145D30DC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04034p192.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4034 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Saccocalyx microhexactin Gong, Li & Qiu, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="188" masterDocId="FF82FF84FFDA5A2CFFB3FFD91753373A" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the South China Sea" masterLastPageNumber="192" masterPageNumber="182" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1698617109471" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="728078009C913A7D1B5E58A8B9596C3D">Two new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the South China Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EB317175BF536A782C7835AE6ED7A8AF">Gong, Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FDFD4E077C47CA350FD7CB2F3B5D6AF">Li, Xinzheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77611D6A88D84C14FAE6DB72B9A3A8E6">Qiu, Jian-Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="369D51DA6C2DA525CE90248B16010C4C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3C24723AD01CC430113CFE9D13AC9C4B">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="70B68276F74ABB28AB7D8978C0B906F6">4034</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="33F25BAD59042A0823E799C62959BA53" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4034.1.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB87FCFFDC5A2AFF24FE8E145D30DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5624233" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119643194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5624233" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87FCFFDC5A2AFF24FE8E145D30DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87FCFFDC5A2AFF24FE8E145D30DC" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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<subSubSection id="C3086561FFDC5A2AFF24FE8E167D36A9" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF24FE8E156B3648" blockId="6.[151,568,343,403]" box="[151,568,343,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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<heading id="D0E58186FFDC5A2AFF24FE8E156B3648" bold="true" box="[151,568,343,370]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFF24FE8E156B3648" bold="true" box="[151,568,343,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFF24FE8E1680364B" ID-CoL="78YK9" box="[151,467,343,369]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microhexactin" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFF24FE8E1680364B" bold="true" box="[151,467,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Saccocalyx microhexactin</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2555783FFDC5A2AFE68FE81156B3648" box="[475,568,344,370]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF24FEA3167D36A9" blockId="6.[151,568,343,403]" box="[151,302,378,403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFF2DFEA3167436A9" box="[158,295,378,403]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1439,1461]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox-0="[187,1409,225,1389]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1417]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A, photograph showing the specimen in its natural habitat; B – D, external morphology on deck." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/238843/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Figures 3–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3086561FFDC5A2AFF24FE1B146C36C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF24FE1B146C36C5" blockId="6.[151,1437,450,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFF24FE1B16D236E1" bold="true" box="[151,385,450,475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54A98848FFDC5A2AFE3AFE1B16A536E1" box="[393,502,450,475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: MBM179994, South
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<collectingCountry id="F305767AFFDC5A2AFD43FE1B146036E1" box="[752,819,450,475]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">China</collectingCountry>
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Sea (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE26502DFFDC5A2AFCC7FE1B14AC36E0" box="[884,1023,450,475]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="17.565834">17°33.95' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE26502DFFDC5A2AFBB8FE1B13CD36E1" box="[1035,1182,450,475]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" precision="9" value="117.76117">117°45.67' E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date id="FFAC102AFFDC5A2AFB07FE1B126836E1" box="[1204,1339,450,475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" value="2013-07-05">5 July 2013</date>
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, 3542 m depth, hard rock cliff above the mouth of an extinct volcano.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3086561FFDC5A2AFF74FDD314EB3129" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF74FDD315C93425" blockId="6.[151,1437,450,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFF74FDD3160A3519" bold="true" box="[199,345,522,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Description.</emphasis>
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Body is globular with several rows of radially arranged protrusions surrounding a central atrial cavity. The color is white. It looks like a beautiful flower with a long stalk growing on the cliff of a seamount (
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<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFADCFDF717F63551" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1439,1461]" captionTargetBox="[187,1409,225,1389]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1417]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A, photograph showing the specimen in its natural habitat; B – D, external morphology on deck." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238843/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A). Central atrial cavity is large, with a
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<quantity id="4CEA9B0FFFDC5A2AFDD7FD8A15913550" box="[612,706,595,619]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
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diameter at the upper margin. Roughly 20 suboscula,
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<quantity id="4CEA9B0FFFDC5A2AFA90FD8B12CE3550" box="[1315,1437,594,619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10–25 mm</quantity>
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diameter open into the central atrial cavity. Radially arranged digitiform protrusions are up to
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<quantity id="4CEA9B0FFFDC5A2AFB0CFDAF125C35B4" box="[1215,1295,630,655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="4CEA9B0FFFDC5A2AFA33FDAE17903588" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter. A lateral osculum with
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<quantity id="4CEA9B0FFFDC5A2AFDDBFD4315863588" box="[616,725,666,691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
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diameter is present at the apex of each protrusion. In situ, the body is swollen, with protrusions pointing outward, like a blooming snow lotus herb. After being transported to deck, body with protrusions collapsed. Sponge attached to rock with a long tubular peduncle,
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<quantity id="4CEA9B0FFFDC5A2AFB1DFD3A13AE35C0" box="[1198,1277,739,763]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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in diameter,
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<quantity id="4CEA9B0FFFDC5A2AFA3DFD3A17903424" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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thick wall, and at least
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||
<quantity id="4CEA9B0FFFDC5A2AFE7FFCDF157A3424" box="[460,553,774,799]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
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in length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF74FCF3168334E9" blockId="6.[151,1437,450,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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Choanosomal skeleton solid (
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<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFDAEFCF315303479" box="[541,611,810,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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<collectingCountry id="F305767AFFDC5A2AFDD7FCF215293479" box="[612,634,811,835]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">O</collectingCountry>
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), with some spicules separated from skeleton only after digestion by concentrated nitric acid overnight. Spicules mainly contain hexactins and diactins. Pinular hexactins with rays having sparsely distributed short spines are present in dermalia and gastralia (
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<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFC4AFCAB136F34B1" box="[1017,1084,882,907]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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P), whereas diactins are present in the choanosome. Spirodiscohexasters are numerous and present in the whole body. Drepanocomes occur near dermal and gastral surfaces.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF74FC0715083391" blockId="6.[151,1437,450,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFF74FC07166334CD" bold="true" box="[199,304,990,1015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Spicules.</emphasis>
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Megascleres consist of diactins and hexactins. Diactins are smooth, 2120.3–3557.5/5.3–15.1 µm, usually with four tubercles in middle (
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<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFDE3FBDB15C63321" box="[592,661,1026,1051]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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H). Dermalia and atrialia are similar in size and shape. Dermalia or atrialia (
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<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFF40FBFF167D3305" box="[243,302,1062,1087]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig 4</figureCitation>
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A) pinular rays (
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<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFE56FBFF157B3305" box="[485,552,1062,1087]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
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Fig.
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<date id="FFAC102AFFDC5A2AFDAAFBFE157B3305" box="[537,552,1063,1087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">4</date>
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</figureCitation>
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I) are 245.8–450.6 µm long, tangential rays are 173.6–246.8 µm long, proximal rays are 188.2–585.8 µm long. Choanosomal hexactins ((
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFCADFB9314323359" box="[798,865,1098,1123]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F305767AFFDC5A2AFCD2FB9214253359" box="[865,886,1099,1123]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
) are relatively less than diactins, they have short spines in terminal, rays are 126.5–355.8 µm. The skeleton of the peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFC53FBB7137133BD" box="[992,1058,1134,1159]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
N) is composed of diactines fused to each other by numerous synapticulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF74FB6F14EB3129" blockId="6.[151,1437,450,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Microscleres consist of spirodiscohexasters, drepanocomes, plumicomes and microhexactins. Drepanocomes are in two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98848FFDC5A2AFEA3FB02161D33C9" box="[272,334,1243,1267]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. Drepanocomes I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFD91FB03153533C9" box="[546,614,1242,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B) 254.4–318.6 µm in diameter, with 6 clusters of 8 hook-like secondary rays (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFF66FB271648322D" box="[213,283,1278,1303]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
J). Drepanocomes II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFDBDFB271501322D" box="[526,594,1278,1303]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C) 123.0–137.5 µm in diameter, with 6 clusters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFBCBFB2713E8322D" box="[1144,1211,1278,1303]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
K) of 4–6 hook-like secondary rays. Structure of drepanocomes easy to destroy during digestion, and hard to isolate completed ones. Spirodiscohexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFE34FA9F169F3265" box="[391,460,1350,1375]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D) 112.4–149.8 µm in diameter, formed by 6 spirally twisted clusters of roughly 8–12 terminal rays ending in discs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFE4EFAB3151732B9" box="[509,580,1386,1411]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
L) with approximately 18 marginal teeth. Plumicomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFB7CFAB3124532B9" box="[1231,1302,1386,1411]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E) have six shield-like primary termination, one on the top and one on the bottom, the other four are in the middle area. A single sheild (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFE81FA6B162032F1" box="[306,371,1458,1483]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
M) have approximately 70 marginal sigma-like secondary rays. Each sigma-like secondary rays has prominent teeth on the inside curve. The diameter of Plumicomes is 35.8–58.5. Microhexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A6FFFDC5A2AFAAFFA0F123232D5" box="[1308,1377,1494,1519]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1833]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Saccocalyx microhexactin sp. nov. A – N, SEM images of spicules. A, dermal or atrial hexactin; B, drepanocome I; C, drepanocome II; D, spirodiscohexaster; E, plumicome; F, microhexactin I; G, microhexactin II; H, detail of tubercles in the middle of a diactine; I, detail of the pinular ray of a hexactin; J, detail of the hook-like secondary ray of a drepanocome I; K, detail of the middle part of a drepanocome II; L, detail of the tooth disc of a spirodiscohexaster; M, detail of the whorl of a plumicome; N, spicules of the peduncle; O – Q, LM images of spicule and skeleton; O, choanosomal hexactin; P, tangential view of choanosomal structure; Q, transversal view of choanosomal structure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G) with rays covered short and minute spines, rays are 21.4–70.3 µm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3086561FFDC5A2AFF74F9C712453161" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF74F9C712453161" blockId="6.[151,1437,450,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFF74F9C7161D310D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1566,1591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFED3F9C716F8310C" box="[352,427,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">mikros</emphasis>
|
||
”, Greek, small; “
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFDDCF9C715C6310C" box="[623,661,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">hex</emphasis>
|
||
”, Greek, six; “
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFC8DF9C71420310C" box="[830,883,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">aktis</emphasis>
|
||
”, Greek, ray, light beam.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFB27F9C71264310D" box="[1172,1335,1566,1591]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microhexactin" status="sp. nov.">Microhexactin</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a kind of sponge microscleres. The specific name refers to the presence of microhexactins in the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3086561FFDC5A2AFF74F9BF145D30DC" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36EAFFDC5A2AFF74F9BF145D30DC" blockId="6.[151,1437,450,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFF74F9BF16683145" bold="true" box="[199,315,1638,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Only two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFD81F9BF15E33144" box="[562,688,1638,1662]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFD81F9BF15E33144" box="[562,688,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Saccocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known in the world:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFC65F9BF12CF3145" authority="Schulze, 1896" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1896" box="[982,1436,1638,1663]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFC65F9BF13A13144" box="[982,1266,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Saccocalyx pedunculatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B1BFFDC5A2AFB48F9BF12CF3145" author="Schulze" box="[1275,1436,1638,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1896) Hexactinelliden des indischen Oceanes. II. Theil. Die Hexasterophora. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1896, 1 - 92, pls. I - VIII." type="journal article" year="1896">Schulze, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFF74F95215003199" authority="Reiswig, 1999" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="1999" box="[199,595,1674,1699]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="careyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFF74F95216C13198" box="[199,402,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Saccocalyx careyi</emphasis>
|
||
(Reiswig, 1999)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The main difference between the two species is that all pinular rays of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFA34F952178F31FC" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="careyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFA34F952178F31FC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">S. careyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clavate, while only part of the pinular rays of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFCBEF97614ED31FC" box="[781,958,1710,1734]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFCBEF97614ED31FC" box="[781,958,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">S. pedunculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clavate. However, since these spicules have a big variety in size and shape, and their ranges overlap,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFCF4F90A14F431D0" box="[839,935,1747,1770]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="careyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFCF4F90A14F431D0" box="[839,935,1747,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">S. careyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered a doubtful species and could be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFE15F92E146D3035" authority="Tabachnick, 2002" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="2002" box="[422,830,1782,1807]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFE15F92E150B3034" box="[422,600,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">S. pedunculatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Tabachnick, 2002)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because there are no described microsclere structure details available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFEC8F8C2157F3009" box="[379,556,1819,1843]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFEC8F8C2157F3009" box="[379,556,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">S. pedunculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we cannot tell what other differences between both species there may be. But our specimen has two distinctive characteristics which are different from the two known species: (a) presence of drepanocomes II, (b) presence of microhexactins. Both
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A98848FFDC5A2AFCBBF8BA14103041" box="[776,835,1891,1915]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of microscleres have not been found in the other two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFEA2F85F16DC30A4" box="[273,399,1926,1950]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFEA2F85F16DC30A4" box="[273,399,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">Saccocalyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species has all pinular rays clavate as reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFBE3F85E13E030A4" box="[1104,1203,1927,1950]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="careyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFBE3F85E13E030A4" box="[1104,1203,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">S. careyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, there are other differences:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFED8F872157930F9" box="[363,554,1963,1987]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microhexactin" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFED8F872157930F9" box="[363,554,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">S. microhexactin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2555783FFDC5A2AFD85F87315C730F9" box="[566,660,1962,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFD85F87315C730F9" bold="true" box="[566,660,1962,1987]" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has less terminal discs in spirodiscohexasters, and more marginal sigma-like secondary rays in plumicomes than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D69FFDC5A2AFD15F816145430DC" box="[678,775,1999,2022]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Saccocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="188" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="careyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF8FFDC5A2AFD15F816145430DC" box="[678,775,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="188">S. careyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |