549 lines
66 KiB
XML
549 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="765183AB192B2A6543D57F0D43CE97D5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b05da2f8-5e97-4918-97e2-ae85ac43eecf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287922" ID-ZooBank="8B991675-0C48-40D4-87D2-DACA524D17C2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460996640123" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Lin, Liang- Kong & Chou, Cheng-Han" docDate="2015" docId="03BB87963D5D5D11A8EBF6CF11FCFC33" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03920p342.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3920 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Submyotodon latirostris Kishida 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="321" masterDocId="FF82FFEE3D4F5D05A87CF048127BFFDE" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="319" updateTime="1698563058673" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B621460820B9C9B415E65375368F3A28">Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="25A5055F7A845A1FF841FAC832935E0F">Ruedi, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B4F0C62008B095F8F870E46393A601D">Csorba, Gábor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="025D99B1EC987C8A894F184B3F6274C0">Lin, Liang- Kong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8BDAFA8D4C58F1BF42E622D7D3981D3">Chou, Cheng-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7F382245A0B2D8A31885BE3F3D150D71">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="D69C3E05A3BFF37C7E467AD81F4EFDC5">3920</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BB87963D5D5D11A8EBF6CF11FCFC33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860391" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860391" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87963D5D5D11A8EBF6CF11FCFC33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87963D5D5D11A8EBF6CF11FCFC33" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
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<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5D5D17A8EBF6CF1178F8FC" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5D5D17A8EBF6CF1006F97C" blockId="18.[151,637,1671,1698]" box="[151,637,1671,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
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<heading id="D0E581EC3D5D5D17A8EBF6CF1006F97C" bold="true" box="[151,637,1671,1698]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF6CF1006F97C" ID-CoL="8LVHH" authority="Kishida, 1932" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,637,1671,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF6CF1006F97C" bold="true" box="[151,637,1671,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF6CF13C3F97F" bold="true" box="[151,440,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Submyotodon latirostris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A9BBF6C0100EF97C" author="Kishida" box="[455,629,1672,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Kishida, K. (1932) Notes on a Formosan whiskered bat. Lansania, 4, 153 - 160." type="journal article" year="1932">Kishida, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5D5D17A8EBF6861178F8FC" blockId="18.[151,1007,1742,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF6861376F93A" bold="true" box="[151,269,1742,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A968F6981022F93A" authority="Kishida, 1932" authorityName="Kishida" authorityYear="1932" box="[276,601,1742,1765]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A968F69813B9F93A" box="[276,450,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis latirostris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A9B4F6861022F93A" author="Kishida" box="[456,601,1742,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Kishida, K. (1932) Notes on a Formosan whiskered bat. Lansania, 4, 153 - 160." type="journal article" year="1932">Kishida, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D5D5D17AA1FF68710EEF93A" box="[611,661,1743,1764]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Type</typeStatus>
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locality C
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5D5D17AB79F6861128F93A" box="[773,851,1742,1764]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF6A61386F8DD" authority="Kuroda, 1935" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,509,1773,1795]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="muricola" subSpecies="orii">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF6A61312F8DD" box="[151,361,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis muricola orii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A913F6A51386F8DD" author="Kuroda" box="[367,509,1773,1795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Kuroda, N. (1935) Formosan Mammals preserved in the collection of Marquis Yamishina. Journal of Mammalogy, 16, 277 - 291. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1374636" type="journal article" year="1935">Kuroda, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D5D5D17AA7AF6A61043F8DD" box="[518,568,1774,1795]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Taihezon, Taihokusiu, N
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5D5D17ABECF6A511A5F8DD" box="[912,990,1773,1795]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF745104AF8FC" authority="Tate 1941" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,561,1804,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mystacinus" subSpecies="latirostris">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF74513C7F8FC" box="[151,444,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis mystacinus latirostris</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A9B5F745104AF8FC" author="Tate" box="[457,561,1804,1826]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Tate, G. H. (1941) A review of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera) of Eurasia, with special reference to species occurring in the East Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 537 - 565." type="journal article" year="1941">Tate 1941</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Name combination.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5D5D16A8EBF76310ADFED4" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5D5D17A8EBF76310BFF89E" blockId="18.[151,1007,1742,2010]" box="[151,708,1834,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF7631389F89E" authority="Tate 1941" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,498,1834,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mystacinus" subSpecies="orii">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF7631306F89E" box="[151,381,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis mystacinus orii</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A9F7F7631389F89E" author="Tate" box="[395,498,1834,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Tate, G. H. (1941) A review of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera) of Eurasia, with special reference to species occurring in the East Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 537 - 565." type="journal article" year="1941">Tate 1941</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Name combination.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5D5D17A8EBF702116BF8A0" blockId="18.[151,1007,1742,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF7021166F881" ID-CoL="8KW88" authority="Ellerman & Morrison-Scott 1966" authorityName="Ellerman & Morrison-Scott" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,797,1865,1887]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="mystacinus" subSpecies="latirostris">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF70213C7F881" box="[151,444,1865,1887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis mystacinus latirostris</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A9B5F7011166F881" author="Ellerman" box="[457,797,1865,1887]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Ellerman, J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966) Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals, 1758 to 1946. 2 nd Edition. Alden Press, Oxford, 810 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 115.2990.431" type="book" year="1966">Ellerman & Morrison-Scott 1966</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Name combination.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF7211045F8A0" ID-CoL="8KW88" authority="Findley 1972" authorityName="Findley" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,574,1896,1918]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="muricola" subSpecies="latirostris">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF72113DCF8A0" box="[151,423,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis muricola latirostris</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A9C8F7201045F8A0" author="Findley" box="[436,574,1896,1918]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Findley, J. S. (1972) Phenetic relationships among bats of the genus Myotis. Systematic Zoology, 21, 31 - 52. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2412256" type="journal article" year="1972">Findley 1972</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Name combination.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5D5D17A8EBF7C0115AF842" blockId="18.[151,1007,1742,2010]" box="[151,801,1926,1949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF7C0102BF842" authority="Corbet and Hill 1992" authorityName="Corbet and Hill" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,592,1926,1949]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="muricola" subSpecies="orii">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF7C01313F843" box="[151,360,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis muricola orii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A90AF7CE102BF842" author="Corbet" box="[374,592,1926,1948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992) The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0030605300020718" type="book" year="1992">Corbet and Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5D5D17A8EBF7EE10C6F865" blockId="18.[151,1007,1742,2010]" box="[151,701,1957,1979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF7EE1390F865" ID-CoL="8KW88" authority="Lin et al. 2004" authorityName="Lin et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[151,491,1957,1979]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF7EE133EF865" box="[151,325,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A92EF7ED1390F865" author="Lin" box="[338,491,1957,1979]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A900F7EE13D4F865" box="[380,431,1957,1979]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5D5D17A8EBF78D1159F804" blockId="18.[151,1007,1742,2010]" box="[151,802,1988,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5D5D17A8EBF78D102BF804" ID-CoL="8KW88" authority="Simmons 2005" authorityName="Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,592,1988,2010]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="muricola" subSpecies="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5D5D17A8EBF78D13DCF804" box="[151,423,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="319">Myotis muricola latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5D5D17A9C8F78C102BF804" author="Simmons" box="[436,592,1988,2010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="319" refString="Simmons, N. B. (2005) Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (Eds.), Mammal species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Washington, pp. 312 - 529." type="book chapter" year="2005">Simmons 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5C5D16A8EBF0D110B7FF35" blockId="19.[151,785,152,266]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A8EBF0D11044FF70" ID-CoL="8KW88" authority="Stadelmann et al. 2007" authorityName="Stadelmann et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[151,575,152,174]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF0D1133EFF70" box="[151,325,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A92EF0D01044FF70" author="Stadelmann" box="[338,575,152,174]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Stadelmann, B., Kunz, T. H., Lin, L. K. & Ruedi, M. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of New World Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 32 - 48. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.06.019" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Stadelmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A9ACF0D11387FF70" box="[464,508,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A8EBF0F01071FF12" ID-CoL="8KW88" authority="Cheng et al. 2010" authorityName="Cheng et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[151,522,182,205]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF0F0133EFF12" box="[151,325,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A92EF0FE1071FF12" author="Cheng" box="[338,522,182,205]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Cheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A9E7F0F013B5FF12" box="[411,462,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A8EBF09E1381FF35" ID-CoL="8KW88" authority="Lack et al. 2010" authorityName="Lack et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[151,506,213,235]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF09E133EFF35" box="[151,325,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A92EF09D1381FF35" author="Lack" box="[338,506,213,235]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Lack, J. B., Roehrs, Z. P., Stanley, C. E. Jr., Ruedi, M. & Van den Bussche, R. A. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of Myotis indicate familial-level divergence for the genus Cistugo (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy, 91, 976 - 992. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 09 - mamm-a- 192.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Lack
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A9F7F09E13C4FF35" box="[395,447,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5C5D16A8EBF0BD10ADFED4" blockId="19.[151,785,152,266]" box="[151,726,244,266]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A8EBF0BD107FFED4" ID-CoL="8KW88" authority="Ruedi et al. 2013" authorityName="Ruedi et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[151,516,244,266]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF0BD133EFED4" box="[151,325,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A92EF0BC107FFED4" author="Ruedi" box="[338,516,244,266]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A9E9F0BD13B3FED4" box="[405,456,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5C5D16A8EBF17E1637F931" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5C5D16A8EBF17E1637F931" blockId="19.[151,1437,310,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF17E13F6FE91" bold="true" box="[151,397,310,335]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A9EFF17E1047FE91" author="Kishida" box="[403,572,310,335]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Kishida, K. (1932) Notes on a Formosan whiskered bat. Lansania, 4, 153 - 160." type="journal article" year="1932">Kishida (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a small species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16ABFEF17F11B5FE90" box="[898,974,311,334]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16ABFEF17F11B5FE90" box="[898,974,311,334]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16AC6EF17E161FFE91" box="[1042,1124,310,335]" name="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and named it
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AD7EF17F17E7FE90" box="[1282,1436,310,334]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AD7EF17F17E3FE90" box="[1282,1432,310,334]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">M. latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Shortly after this description and also based on small specimens caught in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16AC69F1121611FEAD" box="[1045,1130,346,371]" name="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AC06F112175FFEAD" author="Kuroda" box="[1146,1316,346,371]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Kuroda, N. (1935) Formosan Mammals preserved in the collection of Marquis Yamishina. Journal of Mammalogy, 16, 277 - 291. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1374636" type="journal article" year="1935">Kuroda (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described another taxon,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A93CF1371387FE48" box="[320,508,382,406]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="muricola" subSpecies="orii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A93CF1371387FE48" box="[320,508,382,406]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">M. muricola orii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The very small forearm dimensions of both taxa (FA
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5C5D16AC15F137169CFE49" box="[1129,1255,383,407]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="33.0">33–34 mm</quantity>
|
||
), their tiny hind feet (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5C5D16A8AAF1EA134CFE65" box="[214,311,418,443]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), blackish fur and their small second upper premolars that are clearly visible laterally, are all morphological characters found in no other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AAFEF18F10B5FE00" box="[642,718,455,478]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AAFEF18F10B5FE00" box="[642,718,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16AB6EF18E1113FE01" box="[786,872,454,479]" name="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Hence, despite the fact that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5C5D16ACAEF18F1779FE01" box="[1234,1282,455,479]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A8EBF1A3137EFDDD" box="[151,261,491,515]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF1A3137EFDDD" box="[151,261,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A942F1A3131DFDDC" box="[318,358,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">orii</emphasis>
|
||
are not available for direct comparisons (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AB3FF1A21188FDDD" author="Imaizumi" box="[835,1011,490,515]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Imaizumi, Y. (1962) List of type specimens of mammals which are present or had been present in the past in Japan. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 27, 6 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962">Imaizumi 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AC7DF1A21774FDDD" author="Kaneko" box="[1025,1295,490,515]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Kaneko, Y. & Maeda, K. (2002) A list of scientific names and the types of mammals published by Japanese researchers. Honyurui Kagaku (Mammalian Science), 42, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2002">Kaneko & Maeda 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), there is no doubt that both taxa belong to the same species, but its systematic position is more contentious. Classical accounts variously treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A923F27B13B7FD95" box="[351,460,563,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A923F27B13B7FD95" box="[351,460,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AA6FF27B1040FD94" box="[531,571,563,586]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">orii</emphasis>
|
||
) as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AB55F27B11B4FD94" box="[809,975,563,586]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AB55F27B11B4FD94" box="[809,975,563,586]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">M. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or of
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC67F27B16D4FD95" box="[1051,1199,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AC67F27B16D0FD95" box="[1051,1195,563,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muricola">M. muricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16ACBDF27B174CFD95" author="Tate" box="[1217,1335,563,587]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Tate, G. H. (1941) A review of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera) of Eurasia, with special reference to species occurring in the East Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 537 - 565." type="journal article" year="1941">Tate 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AD3AF27A12A8FDB1" author="Findley" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Findley, J. S. (1972) Phenetic relationships among bats of the genus Myotis. Systematic Zoology, 21, 31 - 52. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2412256" type="journal article" year="1972">Findley 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A8A1F21E13C1FDB1" author="Corbet" box="[221,442,598,623]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992) The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0030605300020718" type="book" year="1992">Corbet & Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A9BAF21E1009FDB1" author="Simmons" box="[454,626,598,623]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Simmons, N. B. (2005) Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (Eds.), Mammal species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Washington, pp. 312 - 529." type="book chapter" year="2005">Simmons 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but recent molecular reconstructions suggest that none of these species share a common ancestor (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A9AEF232109DFD4D" author="Stadelmann" box="[466,742,634,659]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Stadelmann, B., Kunz, T. H., Lin, L. K. & Ruedi, M. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of New World Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 32 - 48. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.06.019" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Stadelmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AA1FF23310E4FD4D" box="[611,671,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AA89F23211C0FD4D" author="Lack" box="[757,955,634,659]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Lack, J. B., Roehrs, Z. P., Stanley, C. E. Jr., Ruedi, M. & Van den Bussche, R. A. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of Myotis indicate familial-level divergence for the genus Cistugo (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy, 91, 976 - 992. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 09 - mamm-a- 192.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Lack
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AB44F233110EFD4D" box="[824,885,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16ABB7F23216E5FD4D" author="Ruedi" box="[971,1182,634,659]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC65F233162EFD4D" box="[1049,1109,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The molecular data, whether issued from mitochondrial (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AA51F2D61148FD69" author="Stadelmann" box="[557,819,670,695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Stadelmann, B., Kunz, T. H., Lin, L. K. & Ruedi, M. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of New World Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 32 - 48. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.06.019" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Stadelmann
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AAC5F2D7108AFD68" box="[697,753,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D5C5D16AB42F2D611FBFD69" box="[830,896,670,695]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) or nuclear genes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AC29F2D6176BFD69" author="Lack" box="[1109,1296,670,695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Lack, J. B., Roehrs, Z. P., Stanley, C. E. Jr., Ruedi, M. & Van den Bussche, R. A. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of Myotis indicate familial-level divergence for the genus Cistugo (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy, 91, 976 - 992. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 09 - mamm-a- 192.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Lack
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16ACE9F2D716B6FD68" box="[1173,1229,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AD67F2D612A8FD05" author="Ruedi" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AD18F2D717E7FD68" box="[1380,1436,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), rather show that the phylogenetic position of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AB70F28B1101FD05" box="[780,890,707,731]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AB70F28B1101FD05" box="[780,890,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage is very peculiar, being basal to all recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A8EBF2AF1298FD20" box="[151,227,743,766]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF2AF1298FD20" box="[151,227,743,766]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species tested so far. In addition to these molecular reconstructions, specimens of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16ACA8F2AE173AFD20" box="[1236,1345,742,766]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16ACA8F2AE173AFD20" box="[1236,1345,742,766]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage show that their first two lower molars have a nyctalodont configuration (i.e., where the postcristid is linking to the hypoconulid;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A94FF367106BFC99" author="Menu" box="[307,528,814,839]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Menu, H. & Sige, B. (1971) Nyctalodontie et myotodontie, importants caracteres de grades evolutifs chez les chiropteres entomophages. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, 272, 1735 - 1738." type="journal article" year="1971">Menu & Sigé 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AB3EF36711F5FC98" box="[834,910,815,838]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AB3EF36711F5FC98" box="[834,910,815,838]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have myotodont lower molars (i.e., where the postcristid is linking to the entoconid;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AA1EF31B1131FCB5" author="Menu" box="[610,842,850,875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Menu, H. & Sige, B. (1971) Nyctalodontie et myotodontie, importants caracteres de grades evolutifs chez les chiropteres entomophages. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, 272, 1735 - 1738." type="journal article" year="1971">Menu & Sigé 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only exceptions are the small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AC83F31B1730FCB4" box="[1279,1355,851,874]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC83F31B1730FCB4" box="[1279,1355,851,874]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF33E13CBFC50" box="[151,432,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">siligorensis-alticraniatus</emphasis>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AA72F33E1097FC51" author="Tiunov" box="[526,748,886,911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Tiunov, M. P., Kruskop, S. V. & Feng, J. (2011) A new mouse-eared bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) from South China. Acta Chiropterologica, 13, 271 - 278. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811011 x 624758" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Tiunov
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AA17F33F10DCFC50" box="[619,679,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AA87F33E11B7FC51" author="Ruedi" box="[763,972,886,911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AB35F33F11FEFC50" box="[841,901,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), that can be easily recognized by their distinctly raised frontal part of the braincase and crowded premolars (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16ABE7F3D216EBFC6D" author="Borisenko" box="[923,1168,922,947]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Borisenko, A. V., Kruskop, S. V. & Ivanova, N. V. (2008) A new mouse-eared bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Vietnam. Russian Journal of Theriology, 7, 57 - 69. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 2001.65.1.63" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Borisenko
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC69F3D31636FC6D" box="[1045,1101,923,947]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); these features are very different in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A954F3F613EEFC08" box="[296,405,958,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A954F3F613EEFC08" box="[296,405,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
skulls (Fig. 4a). Multiple independent evidences therefore support that bats from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A8EBF3AB137EFC25" box="[151,261,995,1019]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8EBF3AB137EFC25" box="[151,261,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage belong to a distinct genus within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AB5BF3AA11E9FC25" box="[807,914,994,1019]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myotinae">Myotinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
radiation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AC68F3AA1693FC25" author="Ruedi" box="[1044,1256,994,1019]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC18F3AB16E3FC25" box="[1124,1176,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In fact, while checking all relevant
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5C5D16A9ECF44F13BBFBC1" box="[400,448,1031,1055]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material currently assigned to Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AB08F44E1199FBC1" box="[884,994,1030,1055]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myotinae">Myotinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we found that the very peculiar skull shape and dental characteristics of this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AA01F4631090FB9D" box="[637,747,1067,1091]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AA01F4631090FB9D" box="[637,747,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage are typical of three further taxa described from continental Asia, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A9C3F40610BAFBB8" box="[447,705,1102,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caliginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A9C3F40610BAFBB8" box="[447,705,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Vespertilio caliginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AAAFF4071630FBB9" author="Tomes" box="[723,1099,1102,1127]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Tomes, R. F. (1859) Descriptions of six hitherto undescribed species of bats. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1859, 68 - 79." type="proceedings paper" year="1859">
|
||
Tomes 1859;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5C5D16AB08F40711DFFBB9" box="[884,932,1103,1127]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16AC71F4061630FBB9" box="[1037,1099,1102,1127]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AC1DF407169CFBB8" box="[1121,1255,1102,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC1DF407169CFBB8" box="[1121,1255,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">V. blanfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AC85F40613ABFB55" author="Dobson" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1871) Notes on nine new species of Indian and Indo-Chinese Vespertilionidae, with remarks on the synonymy and classification of some other species of the same family. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1871, 210 - 215. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1124187" type="proceedings paper" year="1871">
|
||
Dobson 1871;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5C5D16A8EBF43B12BCFB55" box="[151,199,1139,1163]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16A9E9F43A13ABFB55" box="[405,464,1138,1163]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AA6EF43B10C7FB54" box="[530,700,1139,1162]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moupinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AA6EF43B10C7FB54" box="[530,700,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">V. moupinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AAB0F43A17EAFB55" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[716,1425,1138,1163]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1872) Memoire de la faune mammalogique du Tibet Oriental et principalement de la principaute de Moupin. In: Milne-Edwards, H. (Ed), Recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des mammiferes comprenant des considerations sur la classification de ces animaux. G. Masson, Paris, pp. 231 - 304. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59889" type="book chapter" year="1872">
|
||
Milne-Edwards 1872;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5C5D16ABB2F43B1185FB55" box="[974,1022,1139,1163]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Moupin, Szechuan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16AD35F43A17EAFB55" box="[1353,1425,1138,1163]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We therefore consider these four taxa as congeners, but their distinction at the species level is beyond the scope of the present study. More remarkably, we also examined the paleontological literature and found that these four species also perfectly fit the diagnosis of the Upper Miocene genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16ABE6F4961648FB28" box="[922,1075,1246,1270]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16ABE6F4961648FB28" box="[922,1075,1246,1270]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Submyotodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16ACAEF4961702FB29" author="Ziegler" box="[1234,1401,1246,1271]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ziegler, R. (2003) Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from Middle Miocene karstic fissure fillings of Petersbuch near Eichstatt, Southern Franconian Alb (Bavaria). Geobios, 36, 447 - 490." type="journal article" year="2003">Ziegler (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In particular, the Miocene fossils and recent material of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AB6CF54B1106FAC5" box="[784,893,1283,1307]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AB6CF54B1106FAC5" box="[784,893,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage share not only the nyctalodont condition of the first two lower molars, but also several other dental traits (such as four-cusped third lower incisors, unreduced length of third upper molar, uncrowded premolars, etc.), a peculiar skull shape (i.e., long bony bridge between lachrymal and infraorbital foramina; ascending ramus of mandible standing nearly perpendicular to the horizontal ramus; low articular process, etc.), and very small overall dimensions (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16ACE7F5DA174EFA75" author="Ziegler" box="[1179,1333,1426,1451]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ziegler, R. (2003) Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from Middle Miocene karstic fissure fillings of Petersbuch near Eichstatt, Southern Franconian Alb (Bavaria). Geobios, 36, 447 - 490." type="journal article" year="2003">Ziegler 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As the paleontological material is fragmentary, it is not possible to compare the upraised shape of posterior parts of the neurocranium, nor the elongated, relatively flattened rostrum typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16ABBFF593164BFA2D" box="[963,1072,1499,1523]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16ABBFF593164BFA2D" box="[963,1072,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 4a), but as we cannot find any marked difference in other characters between the diagnosis of the Miocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AC63F5B616CCF9C8" box="[1055,1207,1534,1558]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC63F5B616CCF9C8" box="[1055,1207,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Submyotodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and recent material, we propose to assign the four species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AADDF66B1175F9E5" box="[673,782,1571,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AADDF66B1175F9E5" box="[673,782,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage to that genus. Previous molecular dating further support this assignment, as the estimated age of the divergence time between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AC5DF60E16F5F980" box="[1057,1166,1606,1630]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC5DF60E16F5F980" box="[1057,1166,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
linage and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AD2CF60F17E7F980" box="[1360,1436,1607,1630]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AD2CF60F17E7F980" box="[1360,1436,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(credibility interval 23–20 million years ago,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AAE1F6221119F95D" author="Ruedi" box="[669,866,1642,1667]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AA94F6231159F95D" box="[744,802,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or 18 mya,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AB92F62216D7F95D" author="Lack" box="[1006,1196,1642,1667]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Lack, J. B., Roehrs, Z. P., Stanley, C. E. Jr., Ruedi, M. & Van den Bussche, R. A. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of Myotis indicate familial-level divergence for the genus Cistugo (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy, 91, 976 - 992. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 09 - mamm-a- 192.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Lack
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AC52F6231613F95D" box="[1070,1128,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), indeed predates the paleontological age of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A9E0F6C6104EF978" box="[412,565,1678,1702]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A9E0F6C6104EF978" box="[412,565,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Submyotodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which is dated from the MN 7/8 stratum, i.e., 13.5–11 mya,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16AC86F6C617EAF979" author="Ziegler" box="[1274,1425,1678,1703]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ziegler, R. (2003) Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from Middle Miocene karstic fissure fillings of Petersbuch near Eichstatt, Southern Franconian Alb (Bavaria). Geobios, 36, 447 - 490." type="journal article" year="2003">Ziegler 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The divergence of the unrelated nyctalodont
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AAE0F6FB1093F914" box="[668,744,1715,1738]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AAE0F6FB1093F914" box="[668,744,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16AB42F6FB1620F915" box="[830,1115,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16AB42F6FB11C5F915" box="[830,958,1715,1739]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siligorensis">siligorensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16ABB0F6FB1620F915" box="[972,1115,1715,1739]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticraniatus">alticraniatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
group is much more recent (mean 2.2 mya,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5C5D16A930F69E1074F931" author="Ruedi" box="[332,527,1750,1775]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A9EAF69F13B5F930" box="[406,462,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is not compatible with a Miocene divergence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5C5D16A8BBF6B21309F8E8" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5C5D16A8BBF6B21309F8E8" blockId="19.[151,1437,310,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8BBF6B2131BF8CD" bold="true" box="[199,352,1786,1811]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A910F6B31006F8CD" box="[364,637,1787,1811]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A910F6B31006F8CD" box="[364,637,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Submyotodon latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found so far only in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16AB85F6B21635F8CD" box="[1017,1102,1786,1811]" name="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it is widespread and relatively common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5C5D11A8BBF70A11FCFC33" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5C5D16A8BBF70A1076F885" blockId="19.[151,1437,310,2027]" box="[199,525,1858,1883]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8BBF70A1306F885" bold="true" box="[199,381,1858,1883]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D5C5D16A9C8F70A1072F885" box="[436,521,1858,1883]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5C5D11A8BBF72E1297FE0E" blockId="19.[151,1437,310,2027]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="321" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A8BBF72E13B4F8A1" bold="true" box="[199,463,1894,1919]" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">External morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
The combination of very small body size (i.e., forearm about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5C5D16ACDCF72F1766F8A1" box="[1184,1309,1895,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="31.0">31–34 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and small feet (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5C5D16A8ACF7C21349F87D" box="[208,306,1930,1955]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), sharp notch to the outer edge of the ears and attachment of wing membranes to the outer toe, easily distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5C5D16A967F7E713DDF818" box="[283,422,1966,1990]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5C5D16A967F7E713DDF818" box="[283,422,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">S. latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from any other species found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16AB5AF7E61103F819" box="[806,888,1966,1991]" name="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5C5D16ACF6F7E616ABF819" box="[1162,1232,1966,1991]" name="China" pageId="19" pageNumber="320">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The dorsal fur is dark slaty brown, long and shaggy, with lighter brown tips. Ventrally the fur is also dark brown with lighter, golden tips of hairs and is particularly long in the posterior parts. Ears nearly reach the nose tip when laid forward, are pointed, and have a sharp notch at the rear edge of the conch (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11AB18F0F4164CFF0A" author="Cheng" box="[868,1079,188,213]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Cheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11ABC4F0F5118AFF0A" box="[952,1009,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The tip of the relatively short tragus is spatulated, and bent forwards, while the basal parts have more parallel sides. The face is dark and hairy, but there is an area of bare, flesh-colored skin around the eyes. Thumbs are short (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5B5D11AC5BF14C16FEFEC2" box="[1063,1157,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and delicate, with small claws (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5B5D11A89AF16F1326FE9E" box="[230,349,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The feet are almost bare and very small, with small claws and are less than half the tibia length. The dark wing and tail membranes are sparsely haired below and close to the body, with short, whitish hairs extending along the uropatagium near the tibia. Wing membranes are attached to the outer toe. The calcar has a clearly keeled lobe, and extends along half of the rear edge of uropatagium. The penis is short and slightly clubshaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D11A8BBF194117DFC83" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8BBF19413D9FE2B" bold="true" box="[199,418,476,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Skull morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
One immediate peculiarity of the skull profile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11ABB2F194162CFE2A" box="[974,1111,476,500]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11ABB2F194162CFE2A" box="[974,1111,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">S. latirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the raised occipital part of the braincase (Fig. 4a). The skull is delicate and smooth (with no visible crests), with a narrow and elongated rostrum, and thin zygomatic arches. Due to the elongated rostrum, the foramen lacrymale is relegated to the level of first molars, instead of premolars in
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11AA4FF20010FCFD81" box="[563,647,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11AA4FF20010F8FD81" box="[563,643,584,607]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The toothrow shows a clear diastema between the second incisor and the canine, and premolars are not crowded and are all visible in lateral view. There are three upper and lower premolars and a well-pronounced paraconule to the first upper premolar. The upper canines are relatively large, clearly higher than last premolars; the lower ones weaker and are only slightly larger than third lower premolars. The nyctalodont first and second lower molars are unique to this Taiwanese species; the third lower molar is submyotodont, where the postcristid is bifurcated, one arm joining the hypoconulid, the other the entoconid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A8E2F357134CFCE6" author="Ziegler" box="[158,311,799,824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Ziegler, R. (2003) Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from Middle Miocene karstic fissure fillings of Petersbuch near Eichstatt, Southern Franconian Alb (Bavaria). Geobios, 36, 447 - 490." type="journal article" year="2003">Ziegler 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Such dental characteristics only exist in other extant and fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11AC59F36816C5FCE6" box="[1061,1214,800,824]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Submyotodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11AC59F36816C5FCE6" box="[1061,1214,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Submyotodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and in few other Asian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A9EAF30D1399FC82" box="[406,482,837,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A9EAF30D1399FC82" box="[406,482,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see taxonomic remarks).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D11A8BBF32F11FCFC33" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8BBF32F13FEFC5E" bold="true" box="[199,389,871,896]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
Although this forest species appears to be relatively common in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5B5D11AC26F32F16D4FC5E" box="[1114,1199,871,896]" name="Taiwan" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it is mainly found in mountain areas above
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5B5D11A9EDF3C4139AFC7A" box="[401,481,908,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
|
||
, up to at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5B5D11AAFDF3C410A2FC7A" box="[641,729,908,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
. It occurs in lower areas as well, but apparently only during the winter period and is active throughout the year. Based on our observations, lactating females were recorded from April to June, and male with enlarged testis from August to March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |