505 lines
59 KiB
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505 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3B9309CDCAB72B7F915E8EE46F90F3BF">Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="368436568E7349AB55D7D30105C9DC85">Ruedi, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F40C4A71FD4FA9579AEDEAB671828A83">Csorba, Gábor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9AEA1C1D35F37FE145D50E0862D5E61C">Lin, Liang- Kong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="98638B13CE0DCFCDCCA3BCC63A75A734">Chou, Cheng-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="35AAABB5CDD6B1E4B766C6C2337607EA">3920</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BB87963D5B5D10A8EBF47716E6F8DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860395" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860395" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87963D5B5D10A8EBF47716E6F8DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87963D5B5D10A8EBF47716E6F8DB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5B5D11A8EBF47710AAFAC9" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D11A8EBF4771064FB84" blockId="20.[151,543,1087,1114]" box="[151,543,1087,1114]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<heading id="D0E581EC3D5B5D11A8EBF4771064FB84" bold="true" box="[151,543,1087,1114]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF4771064FB84" ID-CoL="8LZ57" authority="Peters, 1870" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,543,1087,1114]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF4771064FB84" bold="true" box="[151,543,1087,1114]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF4771317FB87" bold="true" box="[151,364,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A900F408106CFB84" author="Peters" box="[380,535,1088,1114]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Peters, W. (1870) Catalogue of Mammals of China. In: Swinhoe, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 615 - 653." type="journal article" year="1870">Peters, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D11A8EBF4CE10AAFAC9" blockId="20.[151,1135,1158,1426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF4CE1376FB42" bold="true" box="[151,269,1158,1180]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A968F4CE100FFB42" authority="Peters, 1870" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[276,628,1158,1180]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A968F4CE1394FB42" box="[276,495,1158,1180]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Vespertilio fimbriatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A989F4CF100FFB42" author="Peters" box="[501,628,1158,1180]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Peters, W. (1870) Catalogue of Mammals of China. In: Swinhoe, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 615 - 653." type="journal article" year="1870">Peters, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D5B5D11AA02F4CF10CBFB42" box="[638,688,1159,1180]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Amoy, Fujian,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5B5D11ABDDF4CE119AFB42" box="[929,993,1158,1180]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF4EE1321FB65" box="[151,346,1190,1211]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF4EE1321FB65" box="[151,346,1190,1211]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis taiwanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A91CF4ED10EEFB65" author="Arnback-Christie-Linde" box="[352,661,1189,1211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1908) A collection of bats from Formosa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 235 - 238. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692477" type="journal article" year="1908">Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D5B5D11AAE3F4EE10AAFB65" box="[671,721,1190,1211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Takao, Anping, Tainan,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5B5D11AC62F4ED1617FB65" box="[1054,1132,1189,1211]" name="Taiwan" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF48D13BDFB04" authority="Howell, 1926" authorityName="Howell" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,454,1220,1242]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF48D134FFB04" box="[151,308,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis hirsutus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A946F48C13BDFB04" author="Howell" box="[314,454,1220,1242]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Howell, A. B. (1926) Three new mammals from China. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 39, 137 - 140." type="journal article" year="1926">Howell, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D5B5D11A9ACF48D1079FB04" box="[464,514,1221,1242]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Yenpingfu, Fujian,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5B5D11AB63F48C1124FB04" box="[799,863,1220,1242]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">China</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF4AB13C4FB26" authority="Tate 1941" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,447,1250,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF4AB1331FB26" box="[151,330,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis fimbriatus</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A92BF4AB13C4FB26" author="Tate" box="[343,447,1250,1272]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Tate, G. H. (1941) A review of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera) of Eurasia, with special reference to species occurring in the East Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 537 - 565." type="journal article" year="1941">Tate 1941</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. First use of current name combination.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF54A1384FAC9" authority="Lin et al. 2004" authorityName="Lin et al." authorityYear="2004" box="[151,511,1281,1303]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF54A1321FAC9" box="[151,346,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis taiwanensis</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A91BF5491384FAC9" author="Lin" box="[359,511,1281,1303]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
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||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A9ECF54A13BFFAC9" box="[400,452,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5B5D10A8EBF569106CFDE3" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D11A8EBF569114EFAE8" blockId="20.[151,1135,1158,1426]" box="[151,821,1312,1334]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF5691018FAE8" ID-CoL="8LK6N" authority="Simmons 2005" authorityName="Simmons" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,611,1312,1334]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="adversus" subSpecies="taiwanensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF56913C1FAE8" box="[151,442,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis adversus taiwanensis</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A9BBF5681018FAE8" author="Simmons" box="[455,611,1312,1334]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Simmons, N. B. (2005) Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (Eds.), Mammal species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Washington, pp. 312 - 529." type="book chapter" year="2005">Simmons 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. Name combination.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D11A8EBF508108BFA8A" blockId="20.[151,1135,1158,1426]" box="[151,752,1342,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF5081065FA8A" ID-CoL="8KW89" authority="Cheng et al. 2010" authorityName="Cheng et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[151,542,1342,1365]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF5081321FA8B" box="[151,346,1344,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A91BF5761065FA8A" author="Cheng" box="[359,542,1342,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Cheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A9D3F5081398FA8A" box="[431,483,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D11A8EBF51610A3FAAD" blockId="20.[151,1135,1158,1426]" box="[151,728,1373,1395]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF516107DFAAD" ID-CoL="8KW89" authority="Han et al. 2010" authorityName="Han et al." authorityYear="2010" box="[151,518,1373,1395]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF5161321FAAD" box="[151,346,1374,1395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A91BF516107DFAAD" author="Han" box="[359,518,1373,1395]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Han, N. J., Zhang, J. S., Reardon, T., Lin, L. K., Zhang, J. P. & Zhang, S. Y. (2010) Revalidation of Myotis taiwanensis Arnback- Christie-Linde 1908 and its molecular relationship with M. adversus (Horsfield 1824) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica, 12, 449 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811010 x 538016" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Han
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A9EBF51613B0FAAD" box="[407,459,1373,1395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D11A8EBF5351091FA4C" blockId="20.[151,1135,1158,1426]" box="[151,746,1404,1426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A8EBF5351063FA4C" ID-CoL="8KW89" authority="Ruedi et al. 2013" authorityName="Ruedi et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[151,536,1404,1426]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF5351321FA4C" box="[151,346,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A91BF5341063FA4C" author="Ruedi" box="[359,536,1404,1426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A9D6F53513A6FA4C" box="[426,477,1404,1426]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5B5D10A8EBF5F61186FF26" blockId="20.[151,1437,1470,2035]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A8EBF5F613EAFA09" bold="true" box="[151,401,1470,1495]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11A9E1F5F71043FA09" author="Peters" box="[413,568,1471,1495]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Peters, W. (1870) Catalogue of Mammals of China. In: Swinhoe, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 615 - 653." type="journal article" year="1870">Peters (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described two new Chinese species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11AC73F5F616FCFA08" ID-CoL="86JY" box="[1039,1159,1470,1494]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11AC73F5F616FCFA08" box="[1039,1159,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Vespertilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11ACA4F5F7175FFA08" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[1240,1316,1471,1494]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11ACA4F5F7175FFA08" box="[1240,1316,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) living in sympatry in Amoy (now Xiamen, Fujian Province). He named the smaller, rarer species with woolly pelage
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11ADFBF5AB1293F9C0" ID-CoL="8LZZB" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11ADFBF5AB1293F9C0" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">V. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below for its description), whereas the larger, more common species was named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11ACD9F64F1748F9C0" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[1189,1331,1542,1566]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11ACD9F64F1748F9C0" box="[1189,1331,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">V. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and was characterized by the “margins of interfemoral and lumbar membranes ciliated”; he also mentioned that the wing membrane extended to the middle of the metatarsus, but closer examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5B5D11AC31F6071606F9B9" box="[1101,1149,1615,1639]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (and all recent material) suggest that it rather connects to the ankle, close to the proximal end of the metatarsus. In addition,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11AD24F63B129AF971" author="Peters" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Peters, W. (1870) Catalogue of Mammals of China. In: Swinhoe, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 615 - 653." type="journal article" year="1870">Peters (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also mentioned that the second upper premolar was situated at the inner side of the third, suggesting that it might be displaced inwards from the toothrow, which is not the case on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5B5D11AC78F6F3164FF90D" box="[1028,1076,1723,1747]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and all other referred material. Based on a new series of specimens collected in the same area in Fujian,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11AB93F69616EDF929" author="Howell" box="[1007,1174,1758,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Howell, A. B. (1926) Three new mammals from China. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 39, 137 - 140." type="journal article" year="1926">Howell (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described another two species, a smaller form with wing membranes attaching to the base of toes (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11AC53F74B16C6F8C5" ID-CoL="8LZVC" box="[1071,1213,1795,1819]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11AC53F74B16C6F8C5" box="[1071,1213,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">M. sowerbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a larger one, named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A891F76F1309F8E0" box="[237,370,1830,1854]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A891F76F1309F8E0" box="[237,370,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">M. hirsutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter species is characterized by very hairy feet and membranes, and resembles the European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A96EF70313CEF8BC" box="[274,437,1867,1890]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capaccinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A96EF70313CEF8BC" box="[274,437,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">M. capaccinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as Howell suggested. However, he overlooked Peters’ (1870) description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11AD01F7031371F858" ID-CoL="8LZ57" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11AD01F7031371F858" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">M. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was based on bats likely caught in the same cave (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11ABD9F7261652F859" author="Allen" box="[933,1065,1902,1927]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Allen, G. M. (1938) The mammals of China and Mongolia. Vol. 11. Part. 1. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 620 pp." type="book" year="1938">Allen 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Direct comparisons of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5B5D11AD10F72717E7F859" box="[1388,1436,1903,1927]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11A9F0F7DB1384F875" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[396,511,1939,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11A9F0F7DB1384F875" box="[396,511,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11AA4AF7DB10EBF875" box="[566,656,1939,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11AA4AF7DB10EBF875" box="[566,656,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">hirsutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indeed represent the same species, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11ACA0F7DA1717F875" author="Allen" box="[1244,1388,1938,1963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Allen, G. M. (1938) The mammals of China and Mongolia. Vol. 11. Part. 1. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 620 pp." type="book" year="1938">Allen (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and both are very similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5B5D11A9B0F7FF1387F811" box="[460,508,1975,1999]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5B5D11AA5DF7FF10DEF810" ID-CoL="8KW89" box="[545,677,1975,1998]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5B5D11AA5DF7FF10DEF810" box="[545,677,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5B5D11AAC8F7FE167DF811" author="Arnback-Christie-Linde" box="[692,1030,1974,1999]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1908) A collection of bats from Formosa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 2, 235 - 238. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692477" type="journal article" year="1908">Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). External dimensions of these three taxa are also very similar, but the latter taxon has a slightly larger skull and a more globose braincase than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5B5D11AD10F79317E7F82D" box="[1388,1436,2011,2035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A8C7F0D01355FF6E" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[187,302,152,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8C7F0D01355FF6E" box="[187,302,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A922F0D013C3FF6E" box="[350,440,152,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A922F0D013C3FF6E" box="[350,440,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">hirsutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus should be retained as a valid subspecies (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AC18F0D117E9FF71" ID-CoL="8LZNM" box="[1124,1426,152,176]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fimbriatus" subSpecies="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AC18F0D117E9FF71" box="[1124,1426,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. fimbriatus taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10A966F0F4130BFF0B" box="[282,368,188,213]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Specimens referred to
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AA0BF0F5114CFF0A" box="[631,823,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AA0BF0F5116BFF0A" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[631,784,188,212]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="fimbriatus">M. fimbriatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D5A5D10AB6BF0F4114CFF0A" box="[791,823,188,212]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10AB00F0F411B5FF0B" box="[892,974,188,213]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10AC09F0F416C3FF0B" box="[1141,1208,188,213]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
are genetically very similar or identical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D5A5D10A906F09713C6FF26" box="[378,445,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), and confirm that they belong to the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8BBF14C106CFDE3" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
Contrary to previous suggestions based on phenetic comparisons (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AB9BF14C16F3FEC2" author="Findley" box="[999,1160,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Findley, J. S. (1972) Phenetic relationships among bats of the genus Myotis. Systematic Zoology, 21, 31 - 52. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2412256" type="journal article" year="1972">Findley 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10ACE7F14C17EBFEC2" author="Corbet" box="[1179,1424,260,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992) The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0030605300020718" type="book" year="1992">Corbet & Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), molecular reconstructions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A9BBF1601003FE9E" author="Han" box="[455,632,296,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Han, N. J., Zhang, J. S., Reardon, T., Lin, L. K., Zhang, J. P. & Zhang, S. Y. (2010) Revalidation of Myotis taiwanensis Arnback- Christie-Linde 1908 and its molecular relationship with M. adversus (Horsfield 1824) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica, 12, 449 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811010 x 538016" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Han
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A982F161104DFE9E" box="[510,566,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AAF8F16F113DFE9E" author="Ruedi" box="[644,838,295,320]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AAB1F161117EFE9E" box="[717,773,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AB98F1611606FE9E" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[996,1149,296,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AB98F1611606FE9E" box="[996,1149,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not particularly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A8C9F105132AFEBA" box="[181,337,333,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capaccinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8C9F105132AFEBA" box="[181,337,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. capaccinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nor to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A9D2F1051043FEBA" ID-CoL="8LZ69" box="[430,568,332,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adversus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A9D2F1051043FEBA" box="[430,568,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. adversus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is comprised in Clade X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D5A5D10ABE1F1041198FEBA" box="[925,995,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This East Asian clade includes other large-footed, trawling bats such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AA62F13910E8FE56" ID-CoL="8LZNP" box="[542,659,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AA62F13910E8FE56" box="[542,659,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. pilosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10ABF2F1391678FE56" ID-CoL="8LJ8B" box="[910,1027,368,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ricketti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10ABF2F1391678FE56" box="[910,1027,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. ricketti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AC67F13916ACFE56" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[1051,1239,367,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AC67F1391641FE56" box="[1051,1082,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AC18F13816ACFE56" box="[1124,1239,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AC99F139173CFE56" ID-CoL="8LZ94" box="[1253,1351,369,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AC99F139173CFE56" box="[1253,1351,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. petax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AD01F1391340FE72" ID-CoL="8LZXW" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AD01F1391340FE72" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. macrodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D5A5D10A931F1DC13EEFE72" box="[333,405,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AA4AF1DD10AAFE72" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[566,721,404,428]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AA4AF1DD10AAFE72" box="[566,721,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Yunnan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10ABF8F1DC1621FE72" author="Zhang" box="[900,1114,404,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Zhang, Z. Z., Tan, X. Y., Sun, K. P., Liu, S., Xu, L. J. & Feng, J. (2009) Molecular systematics of the Chinese Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from cytochrome-b sequences. Mammalia, 73, 323 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 2009.058" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10ABA4F1DD166FFE72" box="[984,1044,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AC14F1DC174EFE72" author="Ruedi" box="[1128,1333,404,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10ACC9F1DD168AFE72" box="[1205,1265,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) refer to specimens that also fit the general morphological characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10ABE0F1F01674FE0E" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[924,1039,440,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10ABE0F1F01674FE0E" box="[924,1039,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they are larger (FA
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5A5D10AD52F1F017E3FE11" box="[1326,1432,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.29" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="42.9">42.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; GLS
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5A5D10A8A9F1941345FE2A" box="[213,318,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="16.1">16.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; CM3
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5A5D10A9F2F1941392FE2A" box="[398,489,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and are genetically divergent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AB28F1941659FE2A" author="Ruedi" box="[852,1058,476,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10ABDEF19511A7FE2A" box="[930,988,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They might represent a distinct species in this group and should best be referred as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AAABF24911E8FDC6" ID-CoL="8LZ57" box="[727,915,511,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AAABF249108DFDC6" box="[727,758,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AB5CF24811E8FDC6" box="[800,915,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as in Clade X of figure 3) until more detailed taxonomic comparisons are made.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5A5D10A8BBF20F172EFCCA" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8BBF20F172EFCCA" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8BBF20F131BFDBE" bold="true" box="[199,352,583,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Initially, the distribution of this species was limited to Fujian (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5A5D10AC4AF2001613FDBE" box="[1078,1128,584,608]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AD55F20017E7FDBE" box="[1321,1436,584,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AD55F20017E7FDBE" box="[1321,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A8BAF224135BFD5A" box="[198,288,620,644]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8BAF224135BFD5A" box="[198,288,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">hirsutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), SE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10A921F22413DBFD5B" box="[349,416,620,645]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A9D2F22410F1FD5A" author="Corbet" box="[430,650,620,645]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992) The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0030605300020718" type="book" year="1992">Corbet & Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10AAB4F2241161FD5B" box="[712,794,620,645]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D5A5D10AB54F2241121FD5A" box="[808,858,620,644]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10ABA5F2251626FD5A" box="[985,1117,621,644]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10ABA5F2251626FD5A" box="[985,1117,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), where it is widespread and common (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A975F2C713F6FD76" author="Allen" box="[265,397,655,680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Allen, G. M. (1938) The mammals of China and Mongolia. Vol. 11. Part. 1. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 620 pp." type="book" year="1938">Allen 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A9E6F2C7103CFD76" author="Lin" box="[410,583,655,680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A9B5F2D91078FD76" box="[457,515,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AA28F2D81171FD76" author="Han" box="[596,778,656,680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Han, N. J., Zhang, J. S., Reardon, T., Lin, L. K., Zhang, J. P. & Zhang, S. Y. (2010) Revalidation of Myotis taiwanensis Arnback- Christie-Linde 1908 and its molecular relationship with M. adversus (Horsfield 1824) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica, 12, 449 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811010 x 538016" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Han
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AAF7F2D910BEFD76" box="[651,709,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recent morphological and molecular surveys (under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A8A2F2FD1319FD12" box="[222,354,693,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8A2F2FD1319FD12" box="[222,354,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), suggest that it is much more widespread along the eastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10ACE9F2FC16A0FD13" box="[1173,1243,692,717]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, occurring up to Anhui and central Shandong provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AA1EF2901161FD2E" author="Han" box="[610,794,728,752]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Han, N. J., Zhang, J. S., Reardon, T., Lin, L. K., Zhang, J. P. & Zhang, S. Y. (2010) Revalidation of Myotis taiwanensis Arnback- Christie-Linde 1908 and its molecular relationship with M. adversus (Horsfield 1824) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica, 12, 449 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811010 x 538016" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Han
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AAE6F29110AFFD2E" box="[666,724,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As indicated previously, Yunnan specimens referred to this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A95AF2B41397FCCA" author="Zhang" box="[294,492,764,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Zhang, Z. Z., Tan, X. Y., Sun, K. P., Liu, S., Xu, L. J. & Feng, J. (2009) Molecular systematics of the Chinese Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from cytochrome-b sequences. Mammalia, 73, 323 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 2009.058" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A90AF2B513D5FCCA" box="[374,430,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AA5FF2B4109DFCCA" author="Ruedi" box="[547,742,764,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AA11F2B510DEFCCA" box="[621,677,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) probably represent a distinct taxon (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10ACF4F2B5173FFCCA" box="[1160,1348,764,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10ACF4F2B516DCFCCA" box="[1160,1191,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10ACADF2B4173FFCCA" box="[1233,1348,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5A5D10A8BBF35716E6F8DB" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8BBF3571076FCE6" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" box="[199,525,799,824]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8BBF3571306FCE6" bold="true" box="[199,381,799,824]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D5A5D10A9C8F3571072FCE6" box="[436,521,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8BBF30C11C1FA8A" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8BBF30C13B7FC83" bold="true" box="[199,460,836,861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">External morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
This medium-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AAD3F30D1080FC82" box="[687,763,837,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AAD3F30D1080FC82" box="[687,763,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FA about
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D5A5D10AB04F30C11B3FC82" box="[888,968,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is characterized by relatively large, hairy feet reaching more than half tibia length (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D5A5D10AA03F32F10A0FC5E" box="[639,731,871,896]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). It has relatively long ears, reaching the nose tip when laid forwards. The tragus is nearly parallel, long and pointed, reaching half conch height. Although its dorsal fur is relatively short, it extends well along the tibia, which is typical for this species. The underside fur is also particularly long, including on the patagium along the humerus, and extends considerably on the uropatagium as well, especially along the tibia. These sparse hairs are long, cottony and reach beyond the margin of the uropatagium near the calcar (“lumbar membranes ciliated” as mentioned by Peters in the original description). The general color is greyish brown above. The ventral hairs have darker, slate-grey base but are much lighter near the tip, forming an almost pure white area near the anal region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AB25F42C1188FBA3" author="Howell" box="[857,1011,1124,1149]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Howell, A. B. (1926) Three new mammals from China. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 39, 137 - 140." type="journal article" year="1926">Howell 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This gives an overall characteristic bicolored aspect to the pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AA74F4C110DBFB7E" box="[520,672,1160,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AA74F4C110DBFB7E" box="[520,672,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a relatively sharp demarcation line along the sides of the body (see pictures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A93AF4E41396FB1A" author="Lin" box="[326,493,1196,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A908F4E513D7FB1A" box="[372,428,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A985F4E410BFFB1A" author="Cheng" box="[505,708,1196,1221]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Cheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AA35F4E510FAFB1A" box="[585,641,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Wing membranes are attached to the ankle or the proximal base of the metatarsus. The long calcar is unkeeled and extends to four-fifth of the rear edge of uropatagium. This bat bears external similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A982F4BD10E3FAD2" box="[510,664,1268,1292]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horsfieldii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A982F4BD10E3FAD2" box="[510,664,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">M. horsfieldii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(large feet, long calcar and long ears; similar to other water-loving bats), but the latter is not hairy below the patagium, its pelage is not bicolored and the wing membranes attach to the metatarsus near the outer toe, not close to the ankle as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AB3CF57411C8FA8A" box="[832,947,1340,1364]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AB3CF57411C8FA8A" box="[832,947,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8BBF5171031F9D6" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8BBF51713DDFAA6" bold="true" box="[199,422,1375,1400]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Skull morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
The skull has an inflated braincase, especially in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10AC58F52816D2FAA9" box="[1060,1193,1376,1399]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10AC58F52816D2FAA9" box="[1060,1193,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subspecies, giving a globose appearance when viewed from above or laterally (Fig. 4b). Upper canines are strong and higher than premolars. The latter are aligned in the toothrow and not particularly crowded, while all are visible in the lateral view (Fig. 4b). The lower canines are weaker, but still higher than the larger premolars. Lower molars are strong, with high cusps and all are myotodont.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8BBF65C16E6F8DB" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8BBF65C1071F9F3" bold="true" box="[199,522,1556,1581]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
Natural history in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10A9D0F65C107DF9F3" box="[428,518,1556,1581]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A colonial species found in underground structures, like caves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10AC8DF65C1708F9F2" author="Allen" box="[1265,1395,1556,1581]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Allen, G. M. (1938) The mammals of China and Mongolia. Vol. 11. Part. 1. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 620 pp." type="book" year="1938">Allen 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or tunnels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A884F67013D4F98E" author="Han" box="[248,431,1592,1616]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Han, N. J., Zhang, J. S., Reardon, T., Lin, L. K., Zhang, J. P. & Zhang, S. Y. (2010) Revalidation of Myotis taiwanensis Arnback- Christie-Linde 1908 and its molecular relationship with M. adversus (Horsfield 1824) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica, 12, 449 - 456. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811010 x 538016" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Han
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A94DF6711310F98E" box="[305,363,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where it can form quite numerous breeding colonies (up to 1000 individuals in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10A8EBF6141297F9AB" box="[151,236,1628,1653]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A88BF61413D8F9AA" author="Lin" box="[247,419,1628,1653]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A95AF6151324F9AA" box="[294,351,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is apparently linked to bodies of water, where it hunts insects above the water surface, like other trawling bats. It is found in both lowland and mountain habitats. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10AC5DF637160DF946" box="[1057,1142,1663,1688]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, newborns were recorded from November to June, suggesting an extensive breeding season. Such unusual winter reproduction was observed in artificial tunnels containing pipes transporting hot spring water, which certainly enhanced local ambient temperature to provide suitable conditions for the bats to extend their normal breeding time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |