459 lines
52 KiB
XML
459 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="443FD52862E1705CF88917E7CF6E7E7D">Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A201BD223E6BB60441C15F972610A3BC">Ruedi, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF09D22DBCAD292924D1CE703241FD75">Csorba, Gábor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0D6C118B085718A7A2826A31A2DA8A9E">Lin, Liang- Kong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="15F186B620D47E37DD5A7C6FC9E8CE2B">Chou, Cheng-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8001E60C3D47BEE47622F551F54AE49D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0D30B6F882E0E24E90AA71FE1BF60321">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5688206434848C7AF57157541C48CA9D">3920</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BB87963D5A5D12A8EBF71F1389FD76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860389" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860389" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87963D5A5D12A8EBF71F1389FD76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87963D5A5D12A8EBF71F1389FD76" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5A5D10A8EBF71F1161F80D" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8EBF71F1383F8AC" blockId="21.[151,504,1879,1906]" box="[151,504,1879,1906]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<heading id="D0E581EC3D5A5D10A8EBF71F1383F8AC" bold="true" box="[151,504,1879,1906]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A8EBF71F1383F8AC" ID-CoL="8LZZB" authority="Peters, 1870" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,504,1879,1906]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8EBF71F1383F8AC" bold="true" box="[151,504,1879,1906]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8EBF71F133EF8AF" bold="true" box="[151,325,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Myotis laniger</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A929F710138BF8AC" author="Peters" box="[341,496,1880,1906]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Peters, W. (1870) Catalogue of Mammals of China. In: Swinhoe, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 615 - 653." type="journal article" year="1870">Peters, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8EBF7D61161F80D" blockId="21.[151,966,1950,2034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8EBF7D61376F86A" bold="true" box="[151,269,1950,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A968F7D6102CF86A" authority="Peters, 1870" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[276,599,1950,1972]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A968F7D613ABF86A" box="[276,464,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Vespertilio laniger</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A9AAF7D7102CF86A" author="Peters" box="[470,599,1950,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Peters, W. (1870) Catalogue of Mammals of China. In: Swinhoe, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 615 - 653." type="journal article" year="1870">Peters, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D5A5D10AA1CF7D710E9F86A" box="[608,658,1951,1972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Amoy, Fujian,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D5A5D10ABFEF7D611B9F86A" box="[898,962,1950,1972]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A8EBF7F5107CF80D" authority="Dobson 1878" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,519,1981,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8EBF7F5130AF80D" box="[151,369,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Vespertilio fimbriatus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A902F7F5107CF80D" author="Dobson" box="[382,519,1981,2003]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1878) Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. Taylor & Francis, London, 567 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 55341" type="book" year="1878">Dobson 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(part). Name combination.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D5A5D13A8EBF7951341FAB3" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D5A5D10A8EBF79510B1F82C" blockId="21.[151,966,1950,2034]" box="[151,714,2012,2034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D5A5D10A8EBF79513C7F82C" ID-CoL="8LZVC" authority="Allen 1938" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,444,2012,2034]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D5A5D10A8EBF7951345F82C" box="[151,318,2012,2034]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Myotis sowerbyi</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D5A5D10A937F79413C7F82C" author="Allen" box="[331,444,2012,2034]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Allen, G. M. (1938) The mammals of China and Mongolia. Vol. 11. Part. 1. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 620 pp." type="book" year="1938">Allen 1938</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(part) Name combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D595D13A8EBF0D110FBFF35" blockId="22.[151,952,152,419]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF0D1105DFF70" ID-CoL="8LZZB" authority="Tate, 1941" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,550,152,174]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="daubentonii" subSpecies="laniger">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF0D113D1FF70" box="[151,426,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis daubentonii laniger</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A9C4F0D1105DFF70" author="Tate" box="[440,550,152,174]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Tate, G. H. (1941) A review of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera) of Eurasia, with special reference to species occurring in the East Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 537 - 565." type="journal article" year="1941">Tate, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. First use of current name combination.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF0F0101FFF12" ID-CoL="8LZLR" authority="Bates and Harrison 1997" authorityName="Bates and Harrison" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,612,182,205]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">
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||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF0F01320FF12" box="[151,347,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis daubentonii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A914F0FF101FFF12" author="Bates" box="[360,612,182,204]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Bates, P. J. J. & Harrison, D. L. (1997) Bats of the Indian Subcontinent (Vol. 43). Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, 258 pp." type="book" year="1997">Bates and Harrison 1997</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(part). Name combination.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF09E13D5FF35" ID-CoL="8LZZB" authority="Topal 1997" authorityName="Topal" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,430,213,235]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF09E1350FF35" box="[151,299,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis laniger</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A944F09D13D5FF35" author="Topal" box="[312,430,213,235]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Topal, G. (1997) A new mouse-eared bat species, from Nepal, with statistical analyses of some other species of subgenus Leuconoe (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 43, 375 - 402." type="journal article" year="1997">Topál 1997</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Name combination.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D595D13A8EBF0BD13D3FED4" blockId="22.[151,952,152,419]" box="[151,424,244,266]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF0BD12A7FED4" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[151,220,245,266]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF0BD12A7FED4" box="[151,220,245,266]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp.:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A970F0BC13DFFED4" author="Lin" box="[268,420,244,266]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (1997) Bats of Taiwan (1 st ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 165 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1997">
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||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A94AF0BD1312FED4" box="[310,361,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D595D13A8EBF15B1176FE7D" blockId="22.[151,952,152,419]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF15B101EFEF6" ID-CoL="8LZZB" authority="Bates et al. 1999" authorityName="Bates et al." authorityYear="1999" box="[151,613,274,296]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="daubentonii" subSpecies="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF15B13D1FEF6" box="[151,426,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis daubentonii laniger</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A9C4F15B101EFEF6" author="Bates" box="[440,613,274,296]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Bates, P. J. J., Hendrichsen, D. K., Walston, J. L. & Hayes, B. (1999) A review of the mouse-eared bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Myotis) from Vietnam with significant new records. Acta Chiropterologica, 1, 47 - 74." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A98AF15B1058FEF6" box="[502,547,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF17A12A7FE99" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[151,220,306,327]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF17A12A7FE99" box="[151,220,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A963F17913C3FE99" author="Lin" box="[287,440,305,327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A935F17A1307FE99" box="[329,380,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Vernacular, unavailable name.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF119101BFEB8" ID-CoL="8LZLR" authority="Borisenko" authorityName="Borisenko" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,608,336,358]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF11912A7FEB8" box="[151,220,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A97EF1181300FEB8" box="[258,379,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">daubentonii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A9F5F118101BFEB8" author="Borisenko" box="[393,608,336,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Borisenko, A. V., Kruskop, S. V. & Ivanova, N. V. (2008) A new mouse-eared bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Vietnam. Russian Journal of Theriology, 7, 57 - 69. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 2001.65.1.63" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Borisenko
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A98BF119105FFEB8" box="[503,548,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Name combination.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF13812A7FE5B" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[151,220,368,389]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF13812A7FE5B" box="[151,220,368,389]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A970F12613B8FE5A" author="Cheng" box="[268,451,366,389]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Cheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A928F13813F3FE5A" box="[340,392,366,389]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Vernacular, unavailable name.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A8EBF1C612A7FE7D" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[151,220,398,419]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF1C612A7FE7D" box="[151,220,398,419]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A963F1C513AAFE7D" author="Ruedi" box="[287,465,397,419]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Ruedi
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A91EF1C613EEFE7D" box="[354,405,397,419]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Vernacular, unavailable name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D595D13A8EBF1871332FB4A" blockId="22.[151,1437,463,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8EBF18713EBFE36" bold="true" box="[151,400,463,488]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Peters’ description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AAE1F199116CFE36" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[669,791,464,488]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AAE1F199116CFE36" box="[669,791,464,488]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Swinhoe’s book (1870) is relatively brief, but some major distinguishing characters for this species are mentioned (i.e., relatively long feet reaching more than half tibia length, wing membranes attached to mid-metatarsus, weak canines).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AB8DF25F16FDFDEE" author="Allen" box="[1009,1158,535,560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Allen, G. M. (1938) The mammals of China and Mongolia. Vol. 11. Part. 1. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 620 pp." type="book" year="1938">Allen (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his influential book, unfortunately largely based his morphological description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AB33F27511BCFD8A" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[847,967,572,596]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AB33F27511BCFD8A" box="[847,967,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D595D13AC63F2751634FD8B" box="[1055,1103,573,597]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of another species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AD01F2751378FDA6" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AD01F2751284FDA6" ID-CoL="8LZVC" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">M. sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which triggered much subsequent confusion about the exact characteristics of Peters’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AC94F228174CFDA6" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[1256,1335,608,632]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AC94F228174CFDA6" box="[1256,1335,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AD34F217129AFD42" author="Shamel" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Shamel, H. H. (1942) A collection of bats from Thailand (Siam). Journal of Mammalogy, 23, 317 - 328. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1375002" type="journal article" year="1942">Shamel (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reexamined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A90EF2CD1386FD42" ID-CoL="8LZVC" box="[370,509,644,668]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A90EF2CD1386FD42" box="[370,509,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. sowerbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and assigned it to a different group (i.e., as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13ACE7F2CD173BFD42" box="[1179,1344,644,668]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="siligorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13ACE7F2CD173BFD42" box="[1179,1344,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. siligorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which is its current taxonomic position today (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AA21F2EF113AFD1E" author="Corbet" box="[605,833,679,704]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992) The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0030605300020718" type="book" year="1992">Corbet & Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AB32F2EF1186FD1E" author="Simmons" box="[846,1021,679,704]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Simmons, N. B. (2005) Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (Eds.), Mammal species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Washington, pp. 312 - 529." type="book chapter" year="2005">Simmons 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, the confusion about the exact content of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A901F285138FFD3A" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[381,500,716,740]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A901F285138FFD3A" box="[381,500,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
persisted. For instance following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AB09F2851181FD3A" author="Tate" box="[885,1018,716,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Tate, G. H. (1941) A review of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera) of Eurasia, with special reference to species occurring in the East Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 78, 537 - 565." type="journal article" year="1941">Tate (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AC7AF285174AFD3A" author="Bates" box="[1030,1329,716,741]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Bates, P. J. J. & Harrison, D. L. (1997) Bats of the Indian Subcontinent (Vol. 43). Harrison Zoological Museum, Sevenoaks, 258 pp." type="book" year="1997">Bates and Harrison (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
relied on Allen’s book (1938) to detail its morphology, and concluded that “
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AB01F2B811A5FCD6" box="[893,990,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AB01F2B811AEFCD6" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[893,981,752,776]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">laniger</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
should be regarded as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AD01F2B91366FCF2" ID-CoL="8LZLR" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AD01F2B91366FCF2" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. daubentonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now confined to the western Palaearctic region and unrelated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AB81F35D1608FCF2" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[1021,1139,788,812]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AB81F35D1608FCF2" box="[1021,1139,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see Clade III in figure 3). These authors overlooked that the attachment point of the wing membrane in true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AC4FF37016FFFC8E" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[1075,1156,824,848]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AC4FF37016FFFC8E" box="[1075,1156,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is close to the ankle, not the outer metatarsal, and that it has long ears (versus short ones in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13ABF1F3151642FCAA" ID-CoL="8LZLR" box="[909,1081,860,884]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13ABF1F3151642FCAA" box="[909,1081,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. daubentonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Topal’s (1997) concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AD01F3151293FC46" ID-CoL="8LZZB" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AD01F3151293FC46" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was more accurate as he relied on the true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AB63F3C8110BFC46" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[799,880,896,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AB63F3C8110BFC46" box="[799,880,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
series from Amoy, and indeed stressed their morphological similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AA70F3ED10EDFC62" ID-CoL="8LZH5" box="[524,662,932,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AA70F3ED10EDFC62" box="[524,662,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AAAAF3ED112EFC62" ID-CoL="8LZCL" box="[726,853,932,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="csorbai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AAAAF3ED112EFC62" box="[726,853,932,956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. csorbai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of them faunal elements of the Himalayan foothills. The apparent high morphological similarities between
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AB00F380161FFC01" box="[892,1124,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AB00F38011B6FC3E" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[892,973,968,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">laniger</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13ABA7F380161FFC01" box="[987,1124,968,991]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annamiticus">annamiticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13ACDCF3801684FC3E" ID-CoL="8LZH5" box="[1184,1279,968,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13ACDCF3801684FC3E" box="[1184,1279,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">longipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AD6DF38F17ECFC3E" author="Topal" box="[1297,1431,967,992]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Topal, G. (1997) A new mouse-eared bat species, from Nepal, with statistical analyses of some other species of subgenus Leuconoe (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 43, 375 - 402." type="journal article" year="1997">Topál 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A8EBF3A413B7FBDA" author="Kruskop" box="[151,460,1004,1029]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Kruskop, S. V. & Tsytsulina, K. A. (2001) A new big-footed mouse-eared bat Myotis annamiticus sp. nov. (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) from Vietnam. Mammalia, 65, 63 - 72. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 2001.65.1.63" type="journal article" year="2001">Kruskop & Tsytsulina 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) also adds to this confusion, notably in the recent phylogenetic literature (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AD46F3A41283FBF6" author="Zhang" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Zhang, Z. Z., Tan, X. Y., Sun, K. P., Liu, S., Xu, L. J. & Feng, J. (2009) Molecular systematics of the Chinese Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from cytochrome-b sequences. Mammalia, 73, 323 - 330. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1515 / mamm. 2009.058" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Zhang
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13ADF4F3A512CFFBF6" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and more specific studies including material from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D595D13AB08F45911DFFBF7" box="[884,932,1041,1065]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities are needed to fully understand the species limits in this complex group. It is, however, obvious from phylogenetic reconstructions that neither
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AD01F47D1366FBAE" ID-CoL="8LZLR" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daubentonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AD01F47D1366FBAE" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. daubentonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part of Clade III), nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AA55F41110BFFBB1" box="[553,708,1112,1136]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capaccinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AA55F41110BFFBB1" box="[553,708,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. capaccinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(outside Clade IX) pertain to this group of long-footed, Oriental species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D595D13A88BF4341340FB4A" box="[247,315,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D595D13A8BBF4D71341FAB3" blockId="22.[151,1437,463,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
After comparing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D595D13A9C8F4D71060FB66" box="[436,539,1183,1208]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AA3DF4E910C3FB66" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[577,696,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AA3DF4E91023FB66" box="[577,600,1185,1208]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AA1BF4E810C3FB66" box="[615,696,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and Peters’ 1870 original description) with the unknown
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AD2CF4E817E7FB69" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[1360,1436,1184,1207]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AD2CF4E817E7FB69" box="[1360,1436,1184,1207]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
discovered in the mountains of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D595D13A988F48C103DFB03" box="[500,582,1220,1245]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and designated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AB6BF48D1118FB02" ID-CoL="5WGF" box="[791,867,1221,1244]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AB6BF48D1118FB02" box="[791,867,1221,1244]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13ABD0F48C162FFB02" author="Lin" box="[940,1108,1220,1245]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (1997) Bats of Taiwan (1 st ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 165 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13ABA7F48D1668FB02" box="[987,1043,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AC23F48C16A6FB02" author="Chou" box="[1119,1245,1220,1245]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Chou, C. - H. (2004) Taxonomic status of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Taiwan. Department of Wildlife Ecology, Tunghai University, Tunghai, 115 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">Chou 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AC94F48C17EBFB02" author="Lin" box="[1256,1424,1220,1245]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Lin
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AD6AF48D1736FB02" box="[1302,1357,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), they proved to be undistinguishable. The characteristically weak dentition of the partial skull of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D595D13AC85F4AF171BFADE" box="[1273,1376,1255,1280]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D595D13AD13F4AF12DEFAFB" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1533,1555]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,201,1498]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,193,1512]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Skulls of (a) Myotis laniger from Fujian, China (ZMB 4146, lectotype; hind parts missing), and (b) M. laniger from Taiwan (THUMB 103). Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287924/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
a) also conforms to the dentition of specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D595D13AA91F5441144FAFB" box="[749,831,1292,1317]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Figs 4c, 5b). Genetically, all specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D595D13AD36F54417E7FAFB" box="[1354,1436,1292,1317]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
are closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13A9D3F5791054FA96" ID-CoL="8LZZB" box="[431,559,1328,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A9D3F5791054FA96" box="[431,559,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequenced in adjacent mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D595D13ABA8F567166CFA96" box="[980,1047,1327,1352]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13292A053D595D13AC4CF5671605FA96" box="[1072,1150,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), which confirms their conspecificity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D595D13A8BBF53F1373FA23" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D595D13A8BBF53F1373FA23" blockId="22.[151,1437,463,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8BBF53F131BFA4E" bold="true" box="[199,352,1399,1424]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AA31F53110BDFA4E" box="[589,710,1400,1424]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AA31F53110BDFA4E" box="[589,710,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as understood here is limited to the Fujian (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A988223D595D13ACACF5301779FA4E" box="[1232,1282,1400,1424]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) and Henan provinces in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D595D13A90AF5D413C7FA6B" box="[374,444,1436,1461]" name="China" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D595D13A98AF5D41030FA6B" box="[502,587,1436,1461]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but if further morphologic and genetic studies confirm that specimens from Southeast Asia also pertain to this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AAF9F5F71171FA06" author="Topal" box="[645,778,1471,1496]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Topal, G. (1997) A new mouse-eared bat species, from Nepal, with statistical analyses of some other species of subgenus Leuconoe (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 43, 375 - 402." type="journal article" year="1997">Topál 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), then the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AC52F58916DDFA06" box="[1070,1190,1472,1496]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AC52F58916DDFA06" box="[1070,1190,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be much more extensive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D595D12A8BBF64F1389FD76" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D595D13A8BBF64F1076F9FE" blockId="22.[151,1437,463,2037]" box="[199,525,1543,1568]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8BBF64F1306F9FE" bold="true" box="[199,381,1543,1568]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D595D13A9C8F64F1072F9FE" box="[436,521,1543,1568]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D595D12A8BBF66410AAFEC3" blockId="22.[151,1437,463,2037]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A8BBF66413B4F99B" bold="true" box="[199,463,1580,1605]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">External morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
This medium-sized bat has a dense, woolly fur, extending to the face, which is also distinctly hairy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13A931F6071062F9B6" author="Cheng" box="[333,537,1615,1640]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Cheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13A9E2F61913ADF9B6" box="[414,470,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The strong pilosity of this bat is also evident on the under parts of the wing and tail membranes, where relatively dense creamy-white hairs run along the sides of the body and extend on the membranes up to the elbows, knees, and base of tail; in this respect it resembles a small version of
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AC80F6D117E6F96E" box="[1276,1437,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D595D13AC80F6D117E2F96E" box="[1276,1433,1688,1712]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">M. fimbriatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The general color is greyish-brown above, with darker underfur. It is distinctly whitish on the ventral parts (pure white near the anal region). As mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AAD5F6A81138F926" author="Peters" box="[681,835,1760,1784]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Peters, W. (1870) Catalogue of Mammals of China. In: Swinhoe, R. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 3, 615 - 653." type="journal article" year="1870">Peters (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, individuals can rarely be completely rufescent both above and below; this peculiar color morph has also been observed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D595D13ABB7F74C1666F8C3" box="[971,1053,1796,1821]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is illustrated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AD73F74C129EF89E" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book">
|
||
Cheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AD1DF74D17E7F8C2" box="[1377,1436,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The ears are long and narrow, relatively pointed, with an inconspicuous notch along the rear edge; they extend much beyond the nose tip if laid forward. The tragus is relatively straight and narrow, and reaches nearly half the conch height. The hairy face is dark brown, but the bare parts around the eyes are lighter, fleshy colored. The wing membrane is attached close to the ankle, but is prolonged by a narrow strip of membrane to the base of the metatarsus (see illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D595D13AA4CF7F01176F80E" author="Cheng" box="[560,781,1976,2001]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Cheng
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D595D13AAFBF7F110BEF80E" box="[647,709,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and hence may give the impression of a more distal attachment. The calcar is long, about three-quarters the length of the free edge of uropatagium, without lobe or keel. The last vertebra is not inserted within the tail membrane. The feet are large (
|
||
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D585D12AC30F0DF16C8FF71" box="[1100,1203,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
including claw) and more than half the tibia length, bear long, curved claws and are hairy. These characteristics of the feet are distinct from the smaller-footed species found in continental
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D585D12AA87F0971145FF26" box="[763,830,223,248]" name="China" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D585D12ABF6F0A9166CFF26" box="[906,1047,224,248]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D585D12ABF6F0A9166CFF26" box="[906,1047,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">M. sowerbyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D585D12AC17F09716C6FF26" box="[1131,1213,223,248]" name="Taiwan" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(e.g., the unnamed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D585D12A8EBF14D1298FEC2" box="[151,227,261,284]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D585D12A8EBF14D1298FEC2" box="[151,227,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 2, see below). The penis is club-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D585D12A8BBF16F11F9FE2B" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D585D12A8BBF16F13D1FE9E" bold="true" box="[199,426,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Skull morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
The profile of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D585D12AB6CF16111F5FE9E" box="[784,910,296,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D585D12AB6CF16111F5FE9E" box="[784,910,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically rises sharply after the postorbital constriction, but is nearly horizontal above, and rounded in the occipital region (Figs. 4c, 5). The surface of the braincase is smooth, with no visible crests. The teeth are typically weak, with the upper canines barely reaching the size of the third premolars; the lower ones are even smaller (Fig. 4c). The incisive and first upper premolars are nearly the same size, the second premolars being smaller. These premolars are uncrowded and aligned in the toothrow. The inferior teeth are weak, all molars being myotodont.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D585D12A8BBF1B71389FD76" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D585D12A8BBF1B713FCFDC6" bold="true" box="[199,391,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D585D12A9F3F1B7105BFDC6" author="Allen" box="[399,544,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" refString="Allen, G. M. (1923) New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates, 85, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1923">Allen (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented that this bat was relatively uncommon in Fujian (compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D585D12AD01F2491371FDE2" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D585D12AD01F2491371FDE2" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">M. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), where he procured only three specimens. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D585D12AB4CF26C11FEFDE3" box="[816,901,548,573]" name="Taiwan" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it looks also to be a rare, cave dwelling bat, confined to the east of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D585D12A9E3F20F138EFDBE" box="[415,501,583,608]" name="Taiwan" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. As in mainland
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D585D12AAC4F20F1085FDBE" box="[696,766,583,608]" name="China" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it was also found in the same cave roosts as the larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D585D12AD01F2011371FD5A" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D585D12AD01F2011371FD5A" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">M. fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The large, hairy feet and uropatagium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D585D12AA88F2251116FD5A" box="[756,877,620,644]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EA923D585D12AA88F2251116FD5A" box="[756,877,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="324">M. laniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggest that it is also a trawling species hunting close to or above water bodies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |