412 lines
48 KiB
XML
412 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="B8B4CB28AAC481C300D4A24EEDA4A6DE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b05da2f8-5e97-4918-97e2-ae85ac43eecf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287922" ID-ZooBank="8B991675-0C48-40D4-87D2-DACA524D17C2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460996640123" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Lin, Liang- Kong & Chou, Cheng-Han" docDate="2015" docId="03BB87963D515D24A8EBF2BF1748FC32" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03920p342.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3920 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Myotis frater Allen 1923, s. s." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="334" masterDocId="FF82FFEE3D4F5D05A87CF048127BFFDE" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="331" updateTime="1698563058673" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="CD011BCE1962F6CD731E64AD7D25157D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="06706F9071EB966FBE4C90987EBAD0D9">
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<mods:title id="99E97AF0ED9D18DC62CC0027B03F4B1D">Molecular phylogeny and morphological revision of Myotis bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Taiwan and adjacent China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B1C7E304E12AC05DA92FFEB317E99DD9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EF51BD9F9DCC2EBA9E432017C50C9C70">Ruedi, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A9B19FF30375322C3E5CDABC73F2B246">Csorba, Gábor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE5D0629F28EFDA66BA27772519D8D36">Lin, Liang- Kong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D37CA17D7CA9BA18F3955B37CE1B9C84" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7242CD81BAF132848FC450B28796865E">Chou, Cheng-Han</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="95D46AE23F579D7A861D7ACE20DE48F4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="445A723A94463EEA9291EDBD7A8CB6A5">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3CEBE453E38AA071DEE2EC3643FED141" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BDF682771151BC05D940F3B9AB86FCDA">3920</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BB87963D515D24A8EBF2BF1748FC32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860404" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119597561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860404" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87963D515D24A8EBF2BF1748FC32" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87963D515D24A8EBF2BF1748FC32" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
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<subSubSection id="C308650B3D515D1BA8EBF2BF1060F81C" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D515D1BA8EBF2BF13B3FCCC" blockId="30.[151,456,759,786]" box="[151,456,759,786]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
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<heading id="D0E581EC3D515D1BA8EBF2BF13B3FCCC" bold="true" box="[151,456,759,786]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA8EBF2BF13B3FCCC" ID-CoL="8LZLK" authority="Allen, 1923" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,456,759,786]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8EBF2BF13B3FCCC" bold="true" box="[151,456,759,786]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8EBF2BF134FFCCF" bold="true" box="[151,308,759,785]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Myotis frater</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BA947F2B013B3FCCC" author="Allen" box="[315,456,760,786]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Allen, G. M. (1923) New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates, 85, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1923">Allen, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D515D1BA8EBF3761088FCAD" blockId="30.[151,1030,830,944]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8EBF3761376FC8A" bold="true" box="[151,269,830,852]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Synonymy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA968F3771061FC8A" authority="Allen, 1923" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1923" box="[276,538,830,852]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA968F37713E2FC8A" box="[276,409,830,852]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Myotis frater</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BA9E3F3761061FC8A" author="Allen" box="[415,538,830,852]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Allen, G. M. (1923) New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates, 85, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1923">Allen, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D515D1BAA5FF377102EFC8A" box="[547,597,831,852]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Type</typeStatus>
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locality Yenping, Fukien Province,
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BABBEF3761679FC8A" box="[962,1026,830,852]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA8EBF31612A7FCAD" box="[151,220,862,883]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8EBF31612A7FCAD" box="[151,220,862,883]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BA963F31513C3FCAD" author="Lin" box="[287,440,861,883]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Lin, L. K., Lee, L. L. & Cheng, H. C. (2004) Bats of Taiwan (2 nd ed.). National Museum of Natural Sciences, Taipei, 177 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2004">
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Lin
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA935F3161307FCAD" box="[329,380,861,883]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Vernacular, unavailable name.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D515D1BA8EBF3351169FC4C" blockId="30.[151,1030,830,944]" box="[151,786,892,914]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA8EBF33512A7FC4C" box="[151,220,893,914]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8EBF33512A7FC4C" box="[151,220,893,914]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BA963F33413ACFC4C" author="Cheng" box="[287,471,892,914]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
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Cheng
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA914F33513E0FC4C" box="[360,411,892,914]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Vernacular, unavailable name.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D515D1BA8EBF3D31176FC6E" blockId="30.[151,1030,830,944]" box="[151,781,922,944]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA8EBF3D312A7FC6E" box="[151,220,923,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8EBF3D312A7FC6E" box="[151,220,923,944]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 3:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BA963F3D213AAFC6E" author="Ruedi" box="[287,465,922,944]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B., Gager, Y., Douzery, E. J. P., Francis, C. M., Lin, L. - K., Guillen-Servent, A. & Cibois, A. (2013) Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions identify East Asia as the cradle for the evolution of the cosmopolitan genus Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69, 437 - 449. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.08.011" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Ruedi
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA91EF3D313EEFC6E" box="[354,405,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Vernacular, unavailable name.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36803D515D1BA8EBF3951391F888" blockId="30.[151,1437,989,1986]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8EBF39513F7FC28" bold="true" box="[151,396,989,1014]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
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The angular skull, short toothrow and displaced upper middle premolar differentiate the taxa of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA8A3F4491364FBC7" box="[223,287,1025,1049]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8A3F4491364FBC7" box="[223,287,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">frater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex from other
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAA72F44A1021FBC7" box="[526,602,1026,1049]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAA72F44A1021FBC7" box="[526,602,1026,1049]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BAABDF4491186FBC7" author="Tsytsulina" box="[705,1021,1025,1050]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Tsytsulina, K. & Strelkov, P. P. (2001) Taxonomy of the Myotis frater species group (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Bonner zoologischer Beitrage, 50, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsytsulina & Strelkov 2001</bibRefCitation>
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), but this group is morphologically a polytypic species complex comprising various forms, with variation in skull profiles and in extension of displacement of the second upper premolar.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BAAECF4011195FBBF" author="Tsytsulina" box="[656,1006,1097,1122]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Tsytsulina, K. & Strelkov, P. P. (2001) Taxonomy of the Myotis frater species group (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Bonner zoologischer Beitrage, 50, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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separated the larger, pale desert form isolated in western Asia as a distinct species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAAE7F426167CFB58" authority="Kuzyakin, 1950" authorityName="Kuzyakin" authorityYear="1950" box="[667,1031,1133,1158]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bucharensis">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAAE7F426113CFB5B" box="[667,839,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">M. bucharensis</emphasis>
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Kuzyakin, 1950
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</taxonomicName>
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. They commented on the taxonomy of the other, more boreal forms (
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAA77F4D910D1FB77" box="[523,682,1169,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudatus">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAA77F4D910D1FB77" box="[523,682,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">longicaudatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAAC5F4D9116DFB77" box="[697,790,1169,1193]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaguyae">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAAC5F4D9116DFB77" box="[697,790,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">kaguyae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAB33F4DA11BBFB77" box="[847,960,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">eniseensis</emphasis>
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), but did not compare them with material from the
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D515D1BA883F4FE1354FB10" box="[255,303,1206,1230]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">type</typeStatus>
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locality in SE
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BA9A5F4FD1064FB10" box="[473,543,1205,1230]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">China</collectingCountry>
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, where
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAA0AF4FE1174FB13" box="[630,783,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAA0AF4FE10A7FB13" box="[630,732,1205,1229]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="frater">M. frater</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D515D1BAA98F4FE1174FB13" box="[740,783,1206,1229]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" sensu="stricto">s. s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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was originally described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BAC2AF4FD1690FB10" author="Allen" box="[1110,1259,1205,1230]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Allen, G. M. (1923) New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates, 85, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1923">Allen (1923)</bibRefCitation>
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. Morphological comparisons of skulls (
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<figureCitation id="13292A053D515D1BA9E0F4911391FB2C" box="[412,490,1241,1266]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[363,1240,238,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[335,1252,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skulls of (a) M. soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype), (b) Myotis frater from Fujian, China (AMNH 48029, holotype), and (c) M. frater from Taiwan (HNHM 2004.19.3). Scale = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924058/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
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b, 9c) indicate that
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAABFF4921152FB2F" box="[707,809,1241,1265]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
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<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAABFF4921152FB2F" box="[707,809,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">M. frater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BAB12F49111BBFB2C" box="[878,960,1241,1266]" name="Taiwan" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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are very similar to the
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<typeStatus id="54A988223D515D1BACBBF492168CFB2C" box="[1223,1271,1242,1266]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">type</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAD62F4911725FB2F" box="[1310,1374,1241,1265]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAD62F4911725FB2F" box="[1310,1374,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from adjacent
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BA887F4B51345FAC8" box="[251,318,1277,1302]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
and thus represent the same species. Another specimen, described here as a new species in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BAD3FF4B517E3FAC8" box="[1347,1432,1277,1302]" name="Taiwan" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA8EBF56A1283FAE7" box="[151,248,1314,1337]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA8EBF56A1283FAE7" box="[151,248,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">M. soror</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D515D1BA882F5691346FAE4" box="[254,317,1313,1338]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA882F5691346FAE4" bold="true" box="[254,317,1313,1338]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, also belongs to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAA5CF569101BFAE7" box="[544,608,1313,1337]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAA5CF569101BFAE7" box="[544,608,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species complex, but differs in external and cranial morphology (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A053D515D1BAD40F56917F2FAE7" box="[1340,1417,1313,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[176,1411,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral and dorsal views of skull, and mandible of (a) Myotis soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20., holotype), (b) M. frater (TESRI B 0283), (c) M. formosus (THUMB 65), and (d) M. rufoniger (THUMB 30022). All specimens are from Taiwan. Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924056/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
|
a, 8b, 9) and is genetically divergent from its congeners (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A053D515D1BAA8AF50D1141FA80" box="[758,826,1349,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D515D1BAB3AF50D11E0FA80" box="[838,923,1349,1374]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="26.[151,239,764,787]" captionTargetBox="[159,1375,846,1199]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 5. Mean K 2 P divergence among each species from Taiwan calculated for the Cyt b gene. Numbers are expressed as percentage and those in italics in the diagonal are intra-specific distances." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D66083D555D1FA8EBF2B411BFFCED" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" tableUuid="DF6D66083D555D1FA8EBF2B411BFFCED">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
|
). Previous molecular analyses (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BAC80F50D12AAFA5F" author="Kruskop" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Kruskop, S. V., Borisenko, A. V., Ivanova, N. V., Lim, B. K. & Eger, J. L. (2012) Genetic diversity of northeastern Palaearctic bats as revealed by DNA barcodes. Acta Chiropterologica, 14, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811012 x 654222" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
|
Kruskop
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAD18F50E17E7FA83" box="[1380,1436,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) further showed that the subspecies
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAAF5F5221080FA5F" box="[649,763,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">eniseensis</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAB40F52111A0FA5F" box="[828,987,1385,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAB40F52111A0FA5F" box="[828,987,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">longicaudatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although geographically isolated and morphologically separable, differ only slightly at the mitochondrial COI gene (about 2%), suggesting that both belong to a single boreal species. Our phylogenetic reconstructions (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A053D515D1BABDBF5F91197FA17" box="[935,1004,1457,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
) further indicate that specimens from Manchuria (i.e., representing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA99FF59D10FAFA33" box="[483,641,1493,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA99FF59D10FAFA33" box="[483,641,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">longicaudatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and Hokkaido (i.e., representing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAC78F59D161AFA33" box="[1028,1121,1493,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaguyae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAC78F59D161AFA33" box="[1028,1121,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">kaguyae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) also differ minimally from each other at another mitochondrial gene (less than 1% at Cyt
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAB08F5B111F9F9CF" box="[884,898,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">b</emphasis>
|
|
), again suggesting that all three taxa living in boreal and temperate forests are subspecies of a single species. These molecular data further suggest that bats living in more tropical regions (e.g., those sampled in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BAABBF6091162F984" box="[711,793,1601,1626]" name="Taiwan" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
and nearby
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BABD0F609118AF984" box="[940,1009,1601,1626]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
) differ markedly in their Cyt
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAD33F6091726F987" box="[1359,1373,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">b</emphasis>
|
|
gene sequences (>13%) and in the size of the baculum (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BAAA8F62D166AF9A0" author="Tsytsulina" box="[724,1041,1637,1662]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Tsytsulina, K. & Strelkov, P. P. (2001) Taxonomy of the Myotis frater species group (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Bonner zoologischer Beitrage, 50, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsytsulina & Strelkov 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and thus are clearly distinct from all other boreal taxa (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A053D515D1BA9FAF6C113B0F97F" box="[390,459,1673,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1889,1911]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relationships of Myotis bats inferred from an alignment of 148 Cyt b gene sequences and using Bayesian reconstructions. Numbers close to nodes represent posterior probability (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (right) associated to these nodes. Species and haplotypes sampled in Taiwan are highlighted in bold. Clades containing only species from outside Taiwan were collapsed and outgroups (Kerivoulinae and Murininae, see Table 2) were omitted for ease of read. The clade nomenclature follows the more comprehensive study of Ruedi et al. (2013)." pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
). The genetic differences are comparable to those separating the two sympatric species in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BA8C8F6E5137DF918" box="[180,262,1709,1734]" name="Taiwan" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA96AF6E6130CF91B" box="[278,375,1710,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA96AF6E6130CF91B" box="[278,375,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">M. soror</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D515D1BA902F6E513C6F918" box="[382,445,1709,1734]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA902F6E513C6F918" bold="true" box="[382,445,1709,1734]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BA98FF6E61023F91B" box="[499,600,1709,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BA98FF6E61023F91B" box="[499,600,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">M. frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 11.4%;
|
|
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D515D1BAAC7F6E5116BF918" box="[699,784,1709,1734]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="26.[151,239,764,787]" captionTargetBox="[159,1375,846,1199]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 5. Mean K 2 P divergence among each species from Taiwan calculated for the Cyt b gene. Numbers are expressed as percentage and those in italics in the diagonal are intra-specific distances." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D66083D555D1FA8EBF2B411BFFCED" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" tableUuid="DF6D66083D555D1FA8EBF2B411BFFCED">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
|
). Besides
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BABF8F6E6119EF91B" box="[900,997,1710,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BABF8F6E6119EF91B" box="[900,997,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">M. soror</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D515D1BAB90F6E51650F918" box="[1004,1067,1709,1734]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAB90F6E51650F918" bold="true" box="[1004,1067,1709,1734]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, we thus recommend treating
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BAD01F6E612ACF937" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAD01F6E612ACF937" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">M. frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D515D1BA8A2F69A1372F937" box="[222,265,1746,1769]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" sensu="stricto">s. s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BA932F69913DBF934" box="[334,416,1745,1770]" name="Taiwan" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
and adjacent
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D515D1BAA40F6991004F934" box="[572,639,1745,1770]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
as a species distinct from the other, more temperate taxa in this group. According to this new taxonomic arrangement and to designate the boreal-temperate species,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BACA9F6BE1357F8EF" authority="Ognev, 1927" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1927" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longicaudatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BACA9F6BE17E7F8D3" box="[1237,1436,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">M. longicaudatus</emphasis>
|
|
Ognev, 1927
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the oldest available name, which has priority over
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D515D1BABB8F751169CF8EC" authority="Imaizumi, 1956" authorityName="Imaizumi" authorityYear="1956" box="[964,1255,1817,1842]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaguyae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BABB8F751165AF8EF" box="[964,1057,1817,1841]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">kaguyae</emphasis>
|
|
Imaizumi, 1956
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D515D1BAD56F75217E7F8EF" box="[1322,1436,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">eniseensis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D515D1BA8EBF775139CF888" author="Tsytsulina" box="[151,487,1853,1878]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refString="Tsytsulina, K. & Strelkov, P. P. (2001) Taxonomy of the Myotis frater species group (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Bonner zoologischer Beitrage, 50, 15 - 26." type="journal article" year="2001">Tsytsulina and Strelkov, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D515D1BA8BBF7291060F81C" blockId="30.[151,1437,989,1986]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Owing to relatively important morphological variability of this taxon in the Japanese archipelago, more comprehensive genetic sampling across Hokkaido and Honshu is still needed to confirm that a single taxon is living throughout this archipelago.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<caption id="DF6D66083D505D1AA8EBF7EA134CF82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3924056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924056/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" targetBox="[176,1411,193,1931]" targetPageId="31">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D505D1AA8EBF7EA134CF82B" blockId="31.[151,1437,1954,2037]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D505D1AA8EBF7EA1368F866" bold="true" box="[151,275,1954,1976]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral and dorsal views of skull, and mandible of (a)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D505D1AAB38F7EB11BEF866" box="[836,965,1955,1976]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D505D1AAB38F7EB11BEF866" box="[836,965,1955,1976]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Myotis soror</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D505D1AABB0F7EA167EF866" box="[972,1029,1954,1976]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D505D1AABB0F7EA167EF866" bold="true" box="[972,1029,1954,1976]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(HNHM 2003.36.20., holotype), (b)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D505D1AADFCF7EB12AAF809" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D505D1AADFCF7EB12AAF809" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">M. frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(TESRI B0283), (c)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D505D1AA9DBF78A105EF809" box="[423,549,1985,2007]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D505D1AA9DBF78A105EF809" box="[423,549,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">M. formosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(THUMB 65), and (d)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D505D1AAB6EF78A11EFF809" box="[786,916,1985,2007]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufoniger">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D505D1AAB6EF78A11EFF809" box="[786,916,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">M. rufoniger</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(THUMB 30022). All specimens are from Taiwan. Scale = 10 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF6D66083D6F5D25A8EBF77E11E4F8B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3924058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924058/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" targetBox="[363,1240,238,1794]" targetPageId="32">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6F5D25A8EBF77E11E4F8B5" blockId="32.[151,1436,1846,1899]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6F5D25A8EBF77E1369F892" bold="true" box="[151,274,1846,1868]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
|
Skulls of (a)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6F5D25A9E1F770138FF893" box="[413,500,1848,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6F5D25A9E1F770138FF893" box="[413,500,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">M. soror</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D6F5D25A987F77E104FF892" box="[507,564,1846,1868]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6F5D25A987F77E104FF892" bold="true" box="[507,564,1846,1868]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(HNHM 2003.36.20, holotype), (b)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6F5D25ABDBF7701657F892" box="[935,1068,1846,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6F5D25ABDBF7701657F892" box="[935,1068,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Myotis frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Fujian, China (AMNH 48029, holotype), and (c)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6F5D25A92EF71E13D6F8B5" box="[338,429,1877,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6F5D25A92EF71E13D6F8B5" box="[338,429,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">M. frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Taiwan (HNHM 2004.19.3). Scale= 5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D6F5D25A8BBF7DA10CFF811" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6F5D25A8BBF7DA10CFF811" blockId="32.[151,1436,1938,2035]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6F5D25A8BBF7DA131BF875" bold="true" box="[199,352,1938,1963]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
The known distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6F5D25AAD9F7DB1175F875" box="[677,782,1939,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6F5D25AAD9F7DB1175F875" box="[677,782,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">M. frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D6F5D25AB65F7DB113CF874" box="[793,839,1939,1962]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" sensu="stricto">s. s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
as understood here is restricted to Fujian Province (formerly Fukien) in eastern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6F5D25A9A6F7FE105BF811" box="[474,544,1974,1999]" name="China" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">China</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6F5D25AA27F7FE10CAF811" box="[603,689,1974,1999]" name="Taiwan" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C308650B3D6F5D24A8BBF7921748FC32" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="32" pageNumber="333" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6F5D25A8BBF7921076F82D" blockId="32.[151,1436,1938,2035]" box="[199,525,2010,2035]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6F5D25A8BBF7921306F82D" bold="true" box="[199,381,2010,2035]" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
|
See
|
|
<tableCitation id="C690033B3D6F5D25A9C8F7921072F82D" box="[436,521,2010,2035]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="16.[119,197,569,589]" captionText="TABLE 4. External and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Taiwan species of Myotis and Submyotodon. Values are given as mean, ± SD, min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for" pageId="32" pageNumber="333">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8BBF0DF1335FD76" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8BBF0DF13B7FF6E" bold="true" box="[199,460,151,176]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">External morphology.</emphasis>
|
|
Medium sized bat with a dense, soft pelage that extends well over the underparts of the tail and wing membranes, up to the elbows and around the anal region. The dorsal color is dark brown, without gloss, whereas the underparts are lighter, creamy brown, most of the hair base being darker brown. The wing membranes are broad and attached near the base of the outer toe, at the distal end of the metacarpus (see illustration in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A8C4F16F13EAFE9E" author="Cheng" box="[184,401,295,320]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
|
Cheng
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A970F1611332FE9E" box="[268,329,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Feet are relatively small, much shorter than half tibia length. Ears are short, relatively angular in shape, the front edge being vertical to three-quarters of it length, then bending sharply backwards at an angle of 45°; the rear edge has a distinct notch at mid-height; the inner side of the conch along the front edge is hairy, especially at its base, where long hairs form a comb-like structure; the outer surface of the ear is naked (see illustration in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24A942F1FF1063FE0E" author="Cheng" box="[318,536,439,464]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Cheng, H. C., Fang, Y. P. & Chou, C. H. (2010) A photographic guide to the bats of Taiwan. The Agriculture Committee Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Taipei, 144 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">
|
|
Cheng
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A9EFF1F113ABFE0E" box="[403,464,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), unlike in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AAD9F1F11170FE0E" box="[677,779,441,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AAD9F1F11170FE0E" box="[677,779,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. soror</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D6E5D24AB6BF1FF1127FE0E" box="[791,860,439,464]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AB6BF1FF1127FE0E" bold="true" box="[791,860,439,464]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
The calcar is long (half of the free edge of the uropatagium), with a narrow but unkeeled lobe. The uropatagium is particularly large, and is sparsely haired on the underside, near the anal region. The tragus is relatively long (longer than notch height), nearly straight but bending forwards and lacking a distal lobe. The external morphology resembles that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24AC5BF26D16F0FDE2" box="[1063,1163,549,572]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24AC5BF26D16F0FDE2" box="[1063,1163,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. soror</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D6E5D24ACE8F26C16ADFDE3" box="[1172,1238,548,573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24ACE8F26C16ADFDE3" bold="true" box="[1172,1238,548,573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, except for color (richer cinnamon and frosted aspect of fur in the later), but differs from this new species by having longer tibia (
|
|
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D6E5D24AD03F20012B8FD5A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
|
instead of
|
|
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D6E5D24A942F22413F4FD5A" box="[318,399,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
|
) and slightly longer tail (about the same as head and body length, instead of being shorter in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A8EBF2D91283FD76" box="[151,248,657,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="soror" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8EBF2D91283FD76" box="[151,248,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. soror</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557E93D6E5D24A883F2C71345FD76" box="[255,318,655,680]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A883F2C71345FD76" bold="true" box="[255,318,655,680]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">sp. n.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8BBF2FC16AFFC83" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8BBF2FC13DCFD13" bold="true" box="[199,423,692,717]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Skull morphology.</emphasis>
|
|
The outlines of the skull viewed from above are angular, fitting almost in a cube. In profile, the short rostrum, abruptly raised frontal part of the braincase and angular occipital region are characteristic of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A89DF2B51333FCCA" box="[225,328,764,788]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A89DF2B51333FCCA" box="[225,328,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">M. frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A053D6E5D24A9BDF2B4107CFCCA" box="[449,519,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[363,1240,238,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[335,1252,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skulls of (a) M. soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype), (b) Myotis frater from Fujian, China (AMNH 48029, holotype), and (c) M. frater from Taiwan (HNHM 2004.19.3). Scale = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924058/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
|
). The upper canines are strong and bear a typical, deep groove along their labial edge. The incisors are short but robust. The second upper premolar is displaced inwards and invisible in profile (see the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A988223D6E5D24A8BCF30D128BFC83" box="[192,240,837,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">type</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C124D033D6E5D24A969F30C132FFC82" box="[277,340,836,860]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frater">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A969F30C132FFC82" box="[277,340,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">frater</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="13292A053D6E5D24A91EF30C13DFFC83" box="[354,420,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[363,1240,238,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[335,1252,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 9. Skulls of (a) M. soror sp. n. (HNHM 2003.36. 20, holotype), (b) Myotis frater from Fujian, China (AMNH 48029, holotype), and (c) M. frater from Taiwan (HNHM 2004.19.3). Scale = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3924058/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
|
b), but the extent of this intrusion is variable within the same population.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BAD36803D6E5D24A8BBF32F1748FC32" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">
|
|
<emphasis id="B966EA923D6E5D24A8BBF32F13FFFC5E" bold="true" box="[199,388,871,896]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
|
In
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F30576103D6E5D24A9D5F32F1385FC5E" box="[425,510,871,896]" name="Taiwan" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
, this forest dwelling bat is widely distributed, from low to higher elevations. It was found roosting in tree holes, but never in caves. Lactating females were found from June to August, depending on altitude. Males started showing enlarged testis in August. In Yenping (Fujian) three specimens (including the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54A988223D6E5D24AD1FF3F817EEFC16" box="[1379,1429,944,968]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334">type</typeStatus>
|
|
) were taken in holes of live bamboo stems in a mountain area at an altitude of about
|
|
<quantity id="4CEA9B653D6E5D24AC3CF39C16EEFC32" box="[1088,1173,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B713D6E5D24ACD8F39C175DFC32" author="Allen" box="[1188,1318,980,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="334" refString="Allen, G. M. (1923) New Chinese bats. American Museum Novitates, 85, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1923">Allen 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |