427 lines
68 KiB
XML
427 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="D341001B3CE082EE325EBA85B5EDA40F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276993" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffd678ac-fc09-4a69-9cad-46daa901de52" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276993" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460260654519" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yoshimura, Masashi & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2011" docId="03F81D2F900EFFBCFF0BBFCBC1D36169" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02794p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2794" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ochetellus Shattuck 1992" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFC165579007FFB6FF9CBE42C276660C" masterDocTitle="A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to genera of the subfamily Dolichoderinae" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698244305098" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="03D58ACA7DDA2B60E02C9433299D7ABE">A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to genera of the subfamily Dolichoderinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="383C6F65688139ECC7B359672A59A6E3">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="67C1AF5FF7E277CB14622662A7138A70">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F81D2F900EFFBCFF0BBFCBC1D36169" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689423" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119393169" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689423" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F81D2F900EFFBCFF0BBFCBC1D36169" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F81D2F900EFFBCFF0BBFCBC1D36169" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900EFFBFFF0BBFCBC3AE67AE" blockId="9.[151,854,392,452]" box="[151,472,392,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFF0BBFCBC3AE67AE" ID-CoL="63FRL" authority="Shattuck, 1992" authorityName="Shattuck" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,472,392,419]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Shattuck, 1992
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900EFFBFFF0BBFEEC12067C8" blockId="9.[151,854,392,452]" box="[151,854,428,452]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFF03BFEEC29367C8" box="[159,229,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1381,195,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[202,1382,195,1927]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Head of dolichoderine males in full-face view. 1, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 2, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 3, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 4, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 5, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276994/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFF6FBFEEC37567C8" box="[243,259,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 10" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[199,1377,193,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[199,1378,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 10. Head to abdomen of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 6, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 7, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 8, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 9, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 10, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276995/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFE93BFEEC35B67C8" box="[271,301,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 15" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[187,1384,193,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[187,1385,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 15. Head to abdomen of dolichoderine males in dorsal view. 11, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 12, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 13, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 14, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 15, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276996/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">12</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFEA5BFEEC32167C8" box="[313,343,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18</figureCitation>
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, 20,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFE11BFEEC3DD67C8" box="[397,427,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,193,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[195,1393,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Abdominal sternum IX of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 24, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 25, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 26, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 27, Tapinoma melanocephalum (CASENT 0492372); 28, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276998/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">25</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFE2BBFEEC3A367C8" box="[439,469,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1379,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[204,1380,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Genital capsules of dolichoderine males. 29, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 30, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 31, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 32, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 33, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526). Right side, ventral view; left side, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276999/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">31</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFE7DBFEEC38967C8" box="[481,511,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[213,1384,193,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[207,1386,193,1926]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 38. Genital capsules of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 34, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 35, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 36, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 37, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 38, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277000/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">34</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD97BFEEC05C67C8" box="[523,554,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 45" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[200,1379,193,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[200,1380,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 45. Aedeagal plates of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 41, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 42, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 43, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 44, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 45, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277002/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFDA9BFEEC02567C8" box="[565,595,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[163,1448,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 48. Volsella of dolichoderine males in oblique posterior view. 46, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 47, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 48, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277003/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">46</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFDC3BFEEC00B67C8" box="[607,637,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 51" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,193,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[191,1389,193,1954]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 51. Forewings of male ants. 49, Odontomachus coquereli (CASENT 0049797); 50, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 51, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277004/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">51</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD15BFEEC0D167C8" box="[649,679,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 57" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[168,1453,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 57. Hindwings of male ants. 55, Odontomachus coquereli (CASENT 0049797); 56, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 57, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277006/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">57</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD2FBFEEC0A767C8" box="[691,721,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 66" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[162,1422,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 66. Median hypostoma of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 62, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 63, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 64, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 65, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 66, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277008/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">63</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD41BFEEC08D67C8" box="[733,763,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 71" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[199,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[199,1393,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 71. Labrums of dolichoderine males. 67, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 68, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 69, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 70, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 71, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 67, 68, 70, in ectal view; 69, 71, in mesal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">68</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFC9BBFEEC15367C8" box="[775,805,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">73</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFCADBFEEC13867C8" box="[817,846,428,452]" captionStart="FIGURES 77 – 81" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1274,1297]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1253]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 77 – 81. Mouthparts of dolichoderine males. 77, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 78, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 79, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 80, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0179490); 81, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 77, 79 – 81, in mesal view; 78, in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277011/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">78</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900EFFBFFF0BBFB6C1B06594" blockId="9.[151,1437,500,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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With characters of
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<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFEF7BFB6C06D6400" box="[363,539,500,524]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
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. All known males alate. Median hypostoma present (
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFBF6BFB6C6C86400" box="[1130,1214,500,524]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 66" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[162,1422,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 66. Median hypostoma of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 62, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 63, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 64, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 65, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 66, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277008/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
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). Mandible triangular, but its basal angle indistinct. Basal margin of mandible without denticles and smooth, and masticatory margin with several stout teeth and minute denticles (
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD3FBC7EC0816458" box="[675,759,572,596]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
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). Apical tooth on masticatory margin longer than subapical one. Palpal formula 6,4 (one specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFDF5BC22C0A26474" box="[617,724,608,632]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glaber">
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<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFDF5BC22C0A26474" box="[617,724,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900EFFBFFDF5BC22C0F6647B" box="[617,640,608,631]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">O</collectingCountry>
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. glaber
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900EFFBFFC84BC23C12E6474" box="[792,856,609,632]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
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was dissected:
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFB9ABC1DC62F647B" box="[1030,1113,607,631]" captionStart="FIGURES 77 – 81" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1274,1297]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1253]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 77 – 81. Mouthparts of dolichoderine males. 77, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 78, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 79, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 80, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0179490); 81, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 77, 79 – 81, in mesal view; 78, in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277011/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
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). Third maxillary palpal segment longer than fourth, but shorter than combined length of fourth and fifth. Distal margin of labrum widely concave and bilobed, with longest setae located near apices of lobes (
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<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFC3FBCE5C18D64B3" box="[931,1019,679,703]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 – 71" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[199,1392,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[199,1393,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 67 – 71. Labrums of dolichoderine males. 67, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 68, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 69, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 70, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 71, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528). 67, 68, 70, in ectal view; 69, 71, in mesal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
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). Scape excluding its basal condyle shorter than length of flagellar segments 1+2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD02BC8EC0A964E8" box="[670,735,716,740]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1381,195,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[202,1382,195,1927]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Head of dolichoderine males in full-face view. 1, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0191065); 2, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 3, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0474633); 4, Tapinoma subtile (CASENT 0136850); 5, Technomyrmex difficilis (CASENT 0049968)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276994/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFD64BC8EC18764E8" box="[760,1009,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pedicel barrel-shaped</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral margins of first flagellar segment slightly convex, and those of second segment straight. Axillae not medially compressed, anterior and posterior margins roughly parallel. Petiolar node raised vertically, its anterior margin as long as posterior margin in lateral view. Node strongly expanded laterally so that its posterior attachment conceals anterior portion of abdominal segment III in dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFD9CBD1EC6326578" box="[512,1092,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Petiole broadly attached to abdominal segment III</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFBC9BD1EC6DD6578" box="[1109,1195,860,884]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFB5EBD1EC0036594" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Anterior surface of abdominal segment III without indentation</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD19BDC2C0AC6594" box="[645,730,896,920]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pygostyles present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900EFFBFFF59BDE6C65A6224" blockId="9.[151,1437,500,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Distal portion of abdominal sternum IX bilobed, its distal margin widely concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFBF7BDE6C6C965B0" box="[1131,1215,932,956]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,193,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[195,1393,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Abdominal sternum IX of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 24, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 25, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 26, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 27, Tapinoma melanocephalum (CASENT 0492372); 28, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276998/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apicoventral portion of basimere without projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFDAEBD8AC0F065EC" box="[562,646,968,992]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[204,1379,193,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[204,1380,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Genital capsules of dolichoderine males. 29, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 30, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 31, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 32, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 33, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526). Right side, ventral view; left side, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276999/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Harpago moderate in size, widely separated from basimere by membranous region, narrow in lateral view, without distinct ventral face (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFC4BBDAEC65D6208" box="[983,1067,1004,1028]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basal portion of aedeagus does not bear distinct ventral lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFE7ABA52C04D6224" box="[486,571,1040,1064]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 45" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[200,1379,193,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[200,1380,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 45. Aedeagal plates of dolichoderine males in lateral view. 41, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 42, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 43, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 44, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 45, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277002/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral margin of aedeagus with denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900EFFBFFF59BA76C6B76298" blockId="9.[151,1437,500,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Forewing not extremely elongate apical to wing stigma, its radial sector reaches costal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFB6CBA76C7346240" box="[1264,1346,1076,1100]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 51" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,193,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[191,1389,193,1954]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 51. Forewings of male ants. 49, Odontomachus coquereli (CASENT 0049797); 50, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 51, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277004/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
|
||
), media
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFF0BBA1AC2A9627C" box="[151,223,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chronoxenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="absent">absent</taxonomicName>
|
||
apical to 1m-cu, short branch of 2rs-m recognizable, and 1m-cu present. On hindwing, M+Cu and 1rs-m+M present, free sections of radial sector and cubitus vestigial, cu-a present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFC58BA3EC6616298" box="[964,1047,1148,1172]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 57" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1896,1919]" captionTargetBox="[168,1435,193,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[168,1453,193,1848]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 57. Hindwings of male ants. 55, Odontomachus coquereli (CASENT 0049797); 56, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 57, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277006/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
|
||
), clavus larger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34BFFB2900EFFBCFF59BAE2C1D36169" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900EFFBFFF59BAE2C1C063B8" blockId="9.[151,1437,500,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFF59BAE2C34F62B4" bold="true" box="[197,313,1184,1208]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Only males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFE79BAE2C0DA62B4" box="[485,684,1184,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glaber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFE79BAE2C0DA62B4" box="[485,684,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochetellus glaber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900EFFBFFCA1BAE3C10B62B4" box="[829,893,1185,1208]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Hawaii were available. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFAB8BAE2C7EA62B4" box="[1316,1436,1184,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFAB8BAE2C7EA62B4" box="[1316,1436,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochetellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinguished easily from those of the four other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900EFFBFFD42BA86C13D62D0" box="[734,843,1220,1244]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
dolichoderine genera by a barrel-shaped pedicel (not narrowed basally), a laterally expanded petiole broadly attached to abdominal segment III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFB0ABAAAC69F630C" box="[1174,1257,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
), and lack of an indentation on the anterior surface of abdominal segment III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFCD5BB4EC1E86328" box="[841,926,1292,1316]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 23" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1847,1870]" captionTargetBox="[237,1345,193,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[237,1346,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 23. Males of Dolichoderinae. 16, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0173594); 17, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 18, 20, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 19, 21, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0080308); 22, Technomyrmex curiosus (paratype: CASENT 0070364); 23, Tapinoma mg 10 (CASENT 0115650). 16, distal portion of abdomen in oblique posterior view; 17, petiole in lateral view; 18, 19, petiole and abdominal segments in ventral view; 20, petiole and abdominal segments in dorsal view; 21, petiole and abdominal segments in oblique frontal view; 22, 23, genitalia in ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276997/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). A laterally expanded petiole is found in one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFE93BB73C3086344" box="[271,382,1329,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFE93BB73C3086344" box="[271,382,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tapinoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFE0CBB73C3896344" box="[400,511,1329,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFE0CBB73C3896344" box="[400,511,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tapinoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mg11); however, its attachment with the third abdominal segment is narrow. The basal margin of the mandible is completely smooth; the only
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900EFFBFFCDBBB16C1C26360" box="[839,948,1364,1388]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
dolichoderine genera that lack dentition on the basal margin are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFEE1BB3AC383639C" box="[381,501,1400,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFEE1BB3AC383639C" box="[381,501,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochetellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD9FBB3AC022639C" box="[515,596,1400,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFD0DBB3BC095639C" box="[657,739,1401,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFD0DBB3BC095639C" box="[657,739,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ravavy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFD6EBB3AC130639C" box="[754,838,1400,1424]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 76" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1873,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1853]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 76. Mandibles of dolichoderine males. 72, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 73, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 74, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 75, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 76, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277010/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior margin of mesoscutum is notched, but this character is also found in a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFDECBBDFC0A963B8" box="[624,735,1437,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFDECBBDFC0A963B8" box="[624,735,1437,1460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tapinoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFD6CBBDFC12963B8" box="[752,863,1437,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFD6CBBDFC12963B8" box="[752,863,1437,1460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tapinoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mg10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900EFFBFFF59BB82C60760F4" blockId="9.[151,1437,500,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Several of the present results for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFDD5BB82C16263D4" box="[585,788,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glaber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFDD5BB82C16263D4" box="[585,788,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochetellus glaber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
disagree with those in previous studies. In this study, a median notch was observed on the posterior margin of the medial hypostoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFB90BBA6C61663F0" box="[1036,1120,1508,1532]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 66" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,193,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[162,1422,193,1910]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 66. Median hypostoma of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 62, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 63, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 64, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179533); 65, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 66, Technomyrmex pallipes (CASENT 0179528)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277008/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFB27BBA6C74563F0" box="[1211,1331,1508,1532]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFB27BBA6C74563F0" box="[1211,1331,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochetellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFEBEB84AC395602C" author="Shattuck" box="[290,483,1544,1568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to a group having the hypostomal margin entire. The third maxillary palpal segment is longer than the fourth but shorter than the fourth plus fifth, while in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFC7CB86EC6D36048" author="Shattuck" box="[992,1189,1580,1604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFB28B86EC75A6048" box="[1204,1324,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFB28B86EC75A6048" box="[1204,1324,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochetellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been assigned to a group with the third segment equal in length to the fourth. Abdominal segment III rises vertically in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFF0BB836C3126080" box="[151,356,1652,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glaber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFF0BB836C3126080" box="[151,356,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ochetellus glaber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although this character has been regarded as elongate posteriorly in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFB31B836C7106080" author="Shattuck" box="[1197,1382,1652,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1995) Generic-level relationships within the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1995">Shattuck (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFF0BB8DAC3FA60BC" box="[151,396,1688,1712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Baroni Urbani, C., Wagensberg, J. & Yamamoto, C. I. (1999 (1998 )) New Technomyrmex in Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a reappraisal of Dolichoderinae phylogeny. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 411 - 428." type="journal article">
|
||
Brandão
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFF61B8DBC35960BC" box="[253,303,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The distal margin of the ninth abdominal sternum is concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFBCAB8DAC6DD60BC" box="[1110,1195,1688,1712]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1912,1935]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,193,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[195,1393,193,1891]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Abdominal sternum IX of dolichoderine males in ectal view. 24, Aptinoma mangabe (CASENT 0175002); 25, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 26, Ravavy miafina (CASENT 0179530); 27, Tapinoma melanocephalum (CASENT 0492372); 28, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276998/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
), while the margin in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFF0BB8FEC32660D8" author="Shattuck" box="[151,336,1724,1748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFEC6B8FEC3E560D8" author="Shattuck" box="[346,403,1724,1748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1995) Generic-level relationships within the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFE4DB8FEC0C860D8" box="[465,702,1724,1748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Baroni Urbani, C., Wagensberg, J. & Yamamoto, C. I. (1999 (1998 )) New Technomyrmex in Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a reappraisal of Dolichoderinae phylogeny. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 411 - 428." type="journal article">
|
||
Brandão
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFDAAB8FFC01360D8" box="[566,613,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is regarded as entire and flat. The cuspis on the volsella is present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136AB0BC900EFFBFFF03B8A2C28560F4" box="[159,243,1760,1784]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 – 48" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,193,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[163,1448,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 46 – 48. Volsella of dolichoderine males in oblique posterior view. 46, Ochetellus glaber (CASENT 0179489); 47, Tapinoma mg 11 (CASENT 0179494); 48, Technomyrmex madecassus (CASENT 0179526)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277003/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
), but is recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900EFFBFFE4FB8A2C06C60F4" box="[467,538,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chronoxenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="absent">absent</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFDA2B8A2C08160F4" author="Shattuck" box="[574,759,1760,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFC9EB8A2C14D60F4" author="Shattuck" box="[770,827,1760,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1995) Generic-level relationships within the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFCE6B8A2C61B60F4" box="[890,1133,1760,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Baroni Urbani, C., Wagensberg, J. & Yamamoto, C. I. (1999 (1998 )) New Technomyrmex in Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a reappraisal of Dolichoderinae phylogeny. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 411 - 428." type="journal article">
|
||
Brandão
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFC7CB8A3C66760F4" box="[992,1041,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900EFFBFFF59B946C77361F8" blockId="9.[151,1437,500,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFF59B946C3086110" author="Shattuck" box="[197,382,1796,1820]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFE15B946C3B46110" author="Shattuck" box="[393,450,1796,1820]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1995) Generic-level relationships within the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900EFFBFFD9CB946C0986110" box="[512,750,1796,1820]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Baroni Urbani, C., Wagensberg, J. & Yamamoto, C. I. (1999 (1998 )) New Technomyrmex in Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a reappraisal of Dolichoderinae phylogeny. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 411 - 428." type="journal article">
|
||
Brandão
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900EFFBFFDF9B947C0E06110" box="[613,662,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed many male diagnostic characters to distinguish and analyze the relationships among dolichoderine genera. A number of the characters they provide are useful and have been included in the present study. However, some are more useful for recognizing species than genera. The anteromedial margin of the clypeus, inner margin of the compound eye, relative length of the third maxillary palpal segment compared with the fourth, relative length of the first flagellar segment compared with its width, the degree to which the petiole is concealed by abdominal segment III in dorsal view, and the presence of the cuspis varied considerably even within a single genus. The variation seen for the above characters is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D39982900EFFBFFB37B99EC77361F8" box="[1195,1285,2012,2036]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 4. Character matrix for males of Malagasy Dolichoderinae. Intra-generic variations were observed in these characters, making them useful for distinguishing among species rather than genera. For the six characters, character states are shown as 0, 1, 2; as?, for states difficult to judge; or 0 / 1, if both states 0 and 1 were observed for each genus. Number of species in which the character states were observed is given in parentheses following character state. Character states have been confirmed by direct observation or by dissection." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Table 4.</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2EFCB1900DFFBCFF0BBEDAC38D6724" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF0BBEDAC38D6724" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFF0BBEDAC37266A1" bold="true" box="[151,260,152,173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Character matrix for males of Malagasy
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFD39BEDAC13366A2" box="[677,837,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Intra-generic variations were observed in these characters, making them useful for distinguishing among species rather than genera. For the six characters, character states are shown as 0, 1, 2; as?, for states difficult to judge; or 0/1, if both states 0 and 1 were observed for each genus. Number of species in which the character states were observed is given in parentheses following character state. Character states have been confirmed by direct observation or by dissection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF0BBF17C3326786" blockId="10.[151,1436,341,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1. Anteromedial margin of the clypeus is never notched or concave (0); broadly and shallowly concave (1); distinctly notched medially (2)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF0BBFD1C1C567A5" blockId="10.[151,1436,341,609]" box="[151,947,402,425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2. Inner margin of the eye in full-face view convex (2); concave (1); flat (0)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF0BBFF0C71667C4" blockId="10.[151,1436,341,609]" box="[151,1376,433,456]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3. The third maxillary palpal segment is shorter than the fourth (0); equal with the fourth (1); longer than the fourth (2)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF0BBF92C0156409" blockId="10.[151,1436,341,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4. The first flagellar segment is three or more times as long as broad (2); less than three times but more than twice as long as broad (1); twice or less long as broad (0)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF0BBC4FC293644E" blockId="10.[151,1436,341,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5. Indentation of abdominal segment III completely conceals the petiole in dorsal view (1); conceals only base of the petiole (0)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF0BBC08C0E8646D" blockId="10.[151,1436,341,609]" box="[151,670,586,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
6. Cuspis of the volsella is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFE23BC08C076646C" box="[447,512,586,608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chronoxenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="absent">absent</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1); present (0)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF03BCDFC70E658E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<table id="F9515E99900D0049FF03BCDFC70E658E" box="[159,1400,669,898]" gridcols="6" gridrows="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<tr id="3561AE7B900D0049FF03BCDFC70E64BF" box="[159,1400,669,691]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FF03BCDFC3BA64BF" box="[159,460,669,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Genus/Character 1</th>
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FE60BCDFC0FF64BF" box="[508,649,669,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</th>
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FD59BCDFC12464BF" box="[709,850,669,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3</th>
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FC11BCDFC66C64BF" box="[909,1050,669,691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</th>
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FBC9BCDFC69664BF" box="[1109,1248,669,691]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</th>
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FA80BCDFC70E64BF" box="[1308,1400,669,691]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3561AE7B900D0049FF03BC85C70E64D1" box="[159,1400,711,733]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FF03BC85C3BA64D1" box="[159,460,711,733]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFF03BC85C37764D0" box="[159,257,711,732]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aptinoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFF03BC85C37764D0" box="[159,257,711,732]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aptinoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1(1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FE60BC85C0FF64D1" box="[508,649,711,733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FD59BC85C12464D1" box="[709,850,711,733]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FC11BC85C66C64D1" box="[909,1050,711,733]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FBC9BC85C69664D1" box="[1109,1248,711,733]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FA80BC85C70E64D1" box="[1308,1400,711,733]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3561AE7B900D0049FF03BCB2C70E650A" box="[159,1400,752,774]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FF03BCB2C3BA650A" box="[159,460,752,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFF03BCB2C37D650A" box="[159,267,752,774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFF03BCB2C37D650A" box="[159,267,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ochetellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0(1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FE60BCB2C0FF650A" box="[508,649,752,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FD59BCB2C124650A" box="[709,850,752,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FC11BCB2C66C650A" box="[909,1050,752,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FBC9BCB2C696650A" box="[1109,1248,752,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FA80BCB2C70E650A" box="[1308,1400,752,774]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3561AE7B900D0049FF03BD58C70E653C" box="[159,1400,794,816]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FF03BD58C3BA653C" box="[159,460,794,816]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFF03BD58C29C6523" box="[159,234,794,815]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFF03BD58C29C6523" box="[159,234,794,815]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ravavy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1(1)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FE60BD58C0FF653C" box="[508,649,794,816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FD59BD58C124653C" box="[709,850,794,816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FC11BD58C66C653C" box="[909,1050,794,816]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FBC9BD58C696653C" box="[1109,1248,794,816]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FA80BD58C70E653C" box="[1308,1400,794,816]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1(1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3561AE7B900D0049FF03BD00C70E6555" box="[159,1400,834,857]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FF03BD00C3BA6555" box="[159,460,834,857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFF03BD01C3756554" box="[159,259,835,856]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFF03BD01C3756554" box="[159,259,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tapinoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0(1)/1(6)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FE60BD00C0FF6555" box="[508,649,834,857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(4)/1(2)/?(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FD59BD00C1246555" box="[709,850,834,857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)/1(4)/2(2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FC11BD00C66C6555" box="[909,1050,834,857]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)/1(2)/2(4)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FBC9BD00C6966555" box="[1109,1248,834,857]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1(5)/?(2)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FA80BD00C70E6555" box="[1308,1400,834,857]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(4)/1(3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3561AE7B900D0049FF03BD29C70E658E" box="[159,1400,875,898]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<th id="76B0C707900D0049FF03BD29C3BA658E" box="[159,460,875,898]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFF03BD2EC341658E" box="[159,311,876,898]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFF03BD2EC341658E" box="[159,311,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Technomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0(3)/1(6)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FE60BD29C0FF658E" box="[508,649,875,898]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)/1(7)/2(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FD59BD29C124658E" box="[709,850,875,898]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)/1(8)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FC11BD29C66C658E" box="[909,1050,875,898]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(4)/1(4)/2(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FBC9BD29C696658E" box="[1109,1248,875,898]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(1)/1(3)/?(5)</td>
|
||
<td id="76B0C707900D0049FA80BD29C70E658E" box="[1308,1400,875,898]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0(8)/1(1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF59BD8BC2886361" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,1893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Some character states proposed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFDD1BD8BC17165ED" author="Shattuck" box="[589,775,969,993]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFC8FBD8BC13A65ED" author="Shattuck" box="[787,844,969,993]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1995) Generic-level relationships within the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFC10BD8BC60865ED" box="[908,1150,969,993]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Brandao, C. R. F., Baroni Urbani, C., Wagensberg, J. & Yamamoto, C. I. (1999 (1998 )) New Technomyrmex in Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a reappraisal of Dolichoderinae phylogeny. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 411 - 428." type="journal article">
|
||
Brandão
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFC6FBD88C65365ED" box="[1011,1061,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were identical among all
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900DFFBCFF0BBDAFC3726209" box="[151,260,1005,1029]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
genera examined in the present study and as a result are omitted from the character matrix (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D39982900DFFBCFA93BDAFC7066209" box="[1295,1392,1005,1029]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,235,247,268]" captionText="TABLE 3. Character matrix for males of Malagasy Dolichoderinae. For the 28 characters which seem useful for distinguishing among dolichoderine genera, character states are shown as 0, 1, 2; as?, for status difficult to judge; or 0 / 1, if both states 0 and 1 were observed for each genus. Number of species in which the character states were observed is given in parentheses following the character state. Character states have been confirmed by direct observation or by dissection." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tables 3</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D39982900DFFBCFAE1BDAFC7F86209" box="[1405,1422,1005,1029]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,235,152,173]" captionText="TABLE 4. Character matrix for males of Malagasy Dolichoderinae. Intra-generic variations were observed in these characters, making them useful for distinguishing among species rather than genera. For the six characters, character states are shown as 0, 1, 2; as?, for states difficult to judge; or 0 / 1, if both states 0 and 1 were observed for each genus. Number of species in which the character states were observed is given in parentheses following character state. Character states have been confirmed by direct observation or by dissection." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</tableCitation>
|
||
). In all of the material examined, the following character states were shared across genera: (1) the posterior margin of the clypeus is located anterior to the line drawn through posterior-most points of the antennal condyles; (2) the anterior clypeal setae are short and do not reach the anterior margin of the mandible; (3) the axillae fuse into a single horizontal plate in most cases without any longitudinal suture dividing them; (4) the pygostyle is present; (5) the digitus of the volsella has a down-curved tip; (6) the ventral margin of the aedeagal plate is dentate; (7) the pterostigma is developed without a “pterostigmal appendage” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFCF8BA87C62362D1" author="Wheeler" box="[868,1109,1221,1245]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1934) A second revision of the ants of the genus Leptomyrmex Mayr. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 77, 69 - 118." type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler 1934: fig. 2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and (8) the radial sector in the forewing reaches the costal margin. In addition, we omitted a character for the location of posterior clypeal margin relative to the antennal condyle because no dolichoderine genus in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900DFFBCFB93BB4FC60A6329" box="[1039,1148,1293,1317]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
region was distinguished by this character. The value of these characters to separate
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F346ECA9900DFFBCFCA7BB73C1DE6345" box="[827,936,1329,1353]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
genera from those in other regions was not assessed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF59BB3BC2AD6065" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,1893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Some diagnostic characters proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFD37BB3BC11C639D" author="Shattuck" box="[683,874,1401,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFCE7BB3BC1C2639D" author="Shattuck" box="[891,948,1401,1425]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1995) Generic-level relationships within the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) were omitted from the character matrix because they proved difficult to score. The omitted characters include: concavity of the declivity of the propodeum, presence of a petiolar scale, angle of petiolar dorsum, development of the subpetiolar process, and size of the harpago. For example, the dorsal and declivitous margins of the propodeum are often completely continuous and without any divisions and landmarks between them, although only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFCC8B848C675602D" box="[852,1027,1545,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFCC8B848C675602D" box="[852,1027,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ravavy miafina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a much longer dorsal margin. In addition, the “ventral lobe of the volsella” (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFD5AB86FC1036049" author="Shattuck" box="[710,885,1581,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was not included because it could not be recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEAC39900DFFBCFF59B834C1D36169" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,1893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In most males examined, we observed a process in the buccal cavity near the base of the mandible that projected inward. However, it was difficult to judge whether this process is the “anterior hypostomal flange” proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFF27B8FFC30060D9" author="Shattuck" box="[187,374,1725,1749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1992 a) Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 21, 1 - 181." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="a">Shattuck (1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC0D1C8900DFFBCFE1FB8FFC3C960D9" author="Shattuck" box="[387,447,1725,1749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Shattuck, S. O. (1995) Generic-level relationships within the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 20, 217 - 228." type="journal article" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One species that clearly lacks this process is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFC4AB8FCC6F060D9" box="[982,1158,1725,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miafina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFC4AB8FCC6F060D9" box="[982,1158,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ravavy miafina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while others seemed to have at least a weak process. Ward
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFDB2B8A0C01760F5" box="[558,609,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010) included the lack of the process as part of their diagnosis of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFF4DB947C3F96111" box="[209,399,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomyrmecini">Leptomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFD91B944C0296111" box="[525,607,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ravavy" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFD91B944C0296111" box="[525,607,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ravavy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lacks this process and is a member of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFB34B947C70C6111" box="[1192,1402,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bothriomyrmecini">Bothriomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFF62B96BC300614D" box="[254,374,1833,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ochetellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925702B900DFFBCFF62B96BC300614D" box="[254,374,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ochetellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has this process, is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFCEDB96BC659614D" box="[881,1071,1833,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomyrmecini">Leptomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, the hypostomal process is not always a useful character to diagnose the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C51D7BA900DFFBCFD7EB90FC1D66169" box="[738,928,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leptomyrmecini">Leptomyrmecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |