treatments-xml/data/03/9B/19/039B197EFFE9F57CE6F9F9B7FCC2167D.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

326 lines
41 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="58BF2406B6D4CCC10E25CDDD6AF1A86B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5264362" ID-ZooBank="22089255-436A-4DBB-BD93-1D3C8CF281FE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629854688094" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2013" docId="039B197EFFE9F57CE6F9F9B7FCC2167D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03648p072.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3648 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Clytia noliformis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFA26106FFDFF544E66EFFC3FF991441" masterDocTitle="Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1699122038660" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="BEFD4889DE77E1B183E3237BBC2CA29B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2A23653AD13CB04BE72CEE84EECECE6E">
<mods:title id="C39E81357C22BAE108D37B01E3D7B83C">Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9AC83719FF8A34E2BFD672EC7F203868" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CAC60E9C9F2465FF151511229F6814A1">
<mods:roleTerm id="EF0A00147A3B4D720BCB863AD9BA4217">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="58E4A0C945A0D839B5944B5EE5C25914">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="25FAFCF1F51FCC1FA47076376C8666D5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="C6A102C363933198F06AA34EE04336E5" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9A6DC7FB11E976D551D4969361656167">
<mods:title id="087DE1AC06BDBE91443543D679DBE7FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E0507C58B15BCD6AC1618B68A533EF35">
<mods:date id="DF25E089744ED0E8E75D993C31462EE5">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="ED3D968124C3CB73C6FA7F260066077E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="057C69AB5D72C8CEAC5455271B4AC77D">2013-05-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C13B22DEFCD01EF06D98E4DCCE388F98" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3156EEBA87B2E744AFC7A77842177100">3648</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="04B40B8572B88CAB9C52A7EC1F74D528" type="issue">
<mods:number id="FBE9886E861BC2C735C3AD14CEAFFAAD">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="50A0961EA8B27B6A54DDEA2055C4576E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="06F126E0604E773A5ACF5584A96EFBEF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="15E062EC3EC6DED6D07FB12184A3A887">72</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="F389C385444FEA177DF740847E9B2105">
<mods:url id="58D77DFAF8F0FB340079245824DC6FBC">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="FFB745CCA039BBE588D1547554133530">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B62A53697394BAD536DE3C2AE79CD5CF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5FAA0B6040BCBFED7A6F0EA71D0A5365" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="65BD97E5234D8E57FCE603A0B61BE44D" type="Zenodo-Dep">5264362</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A7B345105170133CDA49CE99F8D8E67E" type="ZooBank">22089255-436A-4DBB-BD93-1D3C8CF281FE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039B197EFFE9F57CE6F9F9B7FCC2167D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5263502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5263502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFE9F57CE6F9F9B7FCC2167D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B197EFFE9F57CE6F9F9B7FCC2167D" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE9F572E6F9F9B7FDA412CC" box="[151,573,1651,1678]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE9F572E6F9F9B7FDA412CC" blockId="54.[151,573,1651,1710]" box="[151,573,1651,1678]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<heading id="D0C51F04FFE9F572E6F9F9B7FDA412CC" bold="true" box="[151,573,1651,1678]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE9F572E6F9F9B7FDA412CC" ID-CoL="5ZFBL" authority="(McCrady, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,573,1651,1678]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE9F572E6F9F9B7FDA412CC" bold="true" box="[151,573,1651,1678]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE9F572E6F9F9B7FEFD12CF" bold="true" box="[151,356,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE9F572E71CF9B0FDAC12CC" author="McCrady, J." box="[370,565,1651,1677]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref56404" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE9F572E6F9F955FE9612EF" box="[151,271,1686,1710]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE9F572E6F9F955FE9612EF" blockId="54.[151,573,1651,1710]" box="[151,271,1686,1710]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<figureCitation id="1309B4EDFFE9F572E6F9F955FE9612EF" box="[151,271,1686,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1185,1208]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,206,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-383@55.[151,1436,195,1163]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 16. a, Clytia noliformis: hydrotheca and distal part of pedicel, ROMIZ B3984, scale equals 0.10 mm. b, Clytia noliformis: gonotheca, ROMIZ B3984, scale equals 0.10 mm. c, Clytia paulensis: part of colony with hydrotheca and pedicel, ROMIZ B1103, scale equals 0.20 mm. d, Clytia paulensis: hydrotheca and distal part of pedicel, ROMIZ B1103, scale equals 0.10 mm. e, Obelia geniculata: part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1119, scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Obelia hyalina: part of colony with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3985, scale equals 0.25 mm. g, Obelia oxydentata: part of colony with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1112, scale equals 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264418/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 16a, b</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE9F572E6F9F91CFD6412B5" box="[151,765,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE9F572E6F9F91CFD6412B5" blockId="54.[151,765,1758,1781]" box="[151,765,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB228F46FFE9F572E6F9F91CFD6412B5" box="[151,765,1758,1781]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<treatmentCitation id="0A938E79FFE9F572E6F9F91CFDEB12B5" author="McCrady, J." box="[151,626,1758,1781]" page="194" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" year="1859">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE9F572E6F9F91CFDEB12B5" ID-CoL="84763" authority="McCrady, 1859: 194" authorityName="McCrady" authorityPageNumber="194" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,626,1758,1781]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE9F572E6F9F91CFE0012B4" box="[151,409,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Campanularia noliformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE9F572E7F1F91DFDEB12B5" author="McCrady, J." box="[415,626,1758,1780]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref56404" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady, 1859: 194</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, fig. 4.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE9F572E6F9F8E2FED31388" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE9F572E6F9F8E2FDF3131F" blockId="54.[151,1436,1825,1993]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE9F572E6F9F8E2FED9137B" bold="true" box="[151,320,1825,1850]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5AA235FFE9F572E73CF8E2FDFF131F" country="Bermuda" location="Castle Harbour" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFE9F572E73CF8E2FE241378" box="[338,445,1825,1849]" name="Bermuda" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="8EEDFEB3FFE9F572E7BCF8E2FD101378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFE9F57CE6F9F9B7FCC2167D:8EEDFEB3FFE9F572E7BCF8E2FD101378" box="[466,649,1825,1849]" country="Bermuda" name="Castle Harbour" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Castle Harbour</location>
, on a dead octocoral (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE9F572E5DDF8E2FEE0131C" author="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="52" refId="ref54323" refString="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002) Opinion 1986 (Case 3166). Campanularia noliformis McCrady, 1859 (currently Clytia noliformis; Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): specific name conserved by the designation of a neotype. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 59, 52." type="journal article" year="2002">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2002</bibRefCitation>
); based on a
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFE9F572E464F885FDFF131F" box="[522,614,1862,1886]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE9F572E6A9F8AAFED31388" blockId="54.[151,1436,1825,1993]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE9F572E6A9F8AAFE3C13C3" bold="true" box="[199,421,1897,1922]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Voucher material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5AA235FFE9F572E7DDF8A9FEDF1388" collectingDate="2012-07-14" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="D. R. Calder" latitude="27.474861" location="Fort Pierce" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.2905" municipality="Fort Pierce Inlet State Park" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="B3984" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EEDFEB3FFE9F572E7DDF8A9FDA113C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B197EFFE9F57CE6F9F9B7FCC2167D:8EEDFEB3FFE9F572E7DDF8A9FDA113C0" box="[435,568,1897,1921]" latitude="27.474861" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-80.2905" municipality="Fort Pierce Inlet State Park" name="Fort Pierce" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fort Pierce</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE93212FFE9F572E424F8A9FC0E13C0" box="[586,919,1897,1921]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fort Pierce Inlet State Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFE9F572E5C7F8AAFBD013C0" box="[937,1097,1897,1921]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" seconds="29.5" value="27.474861">27°2829.5”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE06CEAFFFE9F572E232F8AAFA9813C0" box="[1116,1281,1897,1921]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="1" seconds="25.8" value="-80.2905">80°1725.8”W</geoCoordinate>
, on stranded
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE9F572E6F9F84EFEFB13E4" box="[151,354,1933,1957]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE9F572E6F9F84EFEFB13E4" box="[151,354,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sargassum natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF8C8EA8FFE9F572E71EF84EFE6B13E4" box="[368,498,1933,1957]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2012-07-14">
<collectingDate id="EFC87740FFE9F572E71EF84EFE6B13E4" box="[368,498,1933,1957]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" value="2012-07-14">14.vii.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, 28° C, 35‰, collected manually, two colonies, with gonophores, coll.
<collectorName id="26C7CDBEFFE9F572E361F84DFA0E13E4" box="[1295,1431,1933,1957]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">D.R. Calder</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2330ADFFE9F572E6F9F872FF681388" box="[151,241,1969,1993]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB940013FFE9F572E696F872FEDF1388" box="[248,326,1969,1993]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">B3984</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4DF8E0FFE8F573E6F9FB62FC8A1111" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5264418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5264418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5264418/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" startId="55.[151,250,1185,1208]" targetBox="[166,1420,206,1146]" targetPageId="55">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE8F573E6F9FB62FC8A1111" blockId="55.[151,1436,1185,1360]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E6F9FB62FE6510F6" bold="true" box="[151,508,1185,1208]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
FIGURE 16. a,
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E727FB62FE6510F6" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[329,508,1185,1207]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E727FB62FE6510F6" bold="true" box="[329,508,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: hydrotheca and distal part of pedicel, ROMIZ B3984, scale equals 0.10 mm.
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E32EFB62FE9A1094" bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
b,
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E330FB62FE9A1094" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E330FB62FE9A1094" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: gonotheca, ROMIZ B3984, scale equals 0.10 mm.
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E57BFB03FC451094" bold="true" box="[789,988,1215,1237]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
c,
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E543FB7CFC4A1094" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[813,979,1215,1237]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E543FB7CFC4A1094" bold="true" box="[813,979,1215,1237]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Clytia paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
part of colony with hydrotheca and pedicel, ROMIZ B1103, scale equals 0.20 mm.
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E449FB1CFD6B10B5" bold="true" box="[551,754,1246,1268]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
d,
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E42DFB1DFD7010B5" baseAuthorityName="Vanhoffen" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[579,745,1246,1268]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paulensis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E42DFB1DFD7010B5" bold="true" box="[579,745,1246,1268]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Clytia paulensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
hydrotheca and distal part of pedicel, ROMIZ B1103, scale equals 0.10 mm.
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E76EFB3DFE4A1152" bold="true" box="[256,467,1277,1299]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
e,
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E774FB3EFE4A1152" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[282,467,1277,1299]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E774FB3EFE4A1152" bold="true" box="[282,467,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Obelia geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1119, scale equals 0.25 mm.
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E32EFB3EFF7F1173" bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
f,
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E339FB3EFF7F1173" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1879" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hyalina">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E339FB3EFF7F1173" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Obelia hyalina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: part of colony with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3985, scale equals 0.25 mm.
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E24CFADFFB621173" bold="true" box="[1058,1275,1308,1330]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
g,
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E253FADFFB621173" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1914" box="[1085,1275,1308,1330]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Obelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oxydentata">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E253FADFFB621173" bold="true" box="[1085,1275,1308,1330]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Obelia oxydentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: part of colony with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1112, scale equals 0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C328FBE3FFE8F57CE6A9FABEFCC2167D" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE8F573E6A9FABEFF46122C" blockId="55.[151,1437,1405,2006]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E6A9FABEFEAD11D4" bold="true" box="[199,308,1405,1429]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks</emphasis>
. The hydroid species recorded here, widely known for a century as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E239FABEFF4311F8" authority="(McCrady, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E239FABEFA8011D4" box="[1111,1305,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E345FABEFF4A11F8" author="McCrady, J." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref56404" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, has been objectively defined recently by a
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFE8F573E4ABFA61FC8411FB" box="[709,797,1442,1466]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E543FA62FF4D119C" author="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="52" refId="ref54323" refString="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002) Opinion 1986 (Case 3166). Campanularia noliformis McCrady, 1859 (currently Clytia noliformis; Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): specific name conserved by the designation of a neotype. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 59, 52." type="journal article" year="2002">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Evidence had arisen that the binomen
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E4CCFA06FCA1119C" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[674,824,1477,1501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E4CCFA06FCA1119C" box="[674,824,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was likely applied by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E22EFA06FB67119C" author="McCrady, J." box="[1088,1278,1477,1501]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref56404" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady (1859)</bibRefCitation>
to a different species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E696FA2AFE0C1240" author="Calder, D. R." box="[248,405,1513,1537]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref49456" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E7CCFA2AFD2B1240" author="Lindner, A. &amp; Calder, D. R." box="[418,690,1513,1537]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="140 - 143" refId="ref55647" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Calder, D. R. (2000) Campanularia noliformis McCrady, 1859 (currently Clytia noliformis; Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): proposed conservation of the specific name by the designation of a neotype. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 57, 140 - 143." type="journal article" year="2000">Lindner &amp; Calder 2000</bibRefCitation>
), more closely resembling
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E588FA2AFAE31240" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[998,1402,1513,1537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hemisphaerica">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E588FA2AFB371240" box="[998,1198,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. hemisphaerica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E2D0FA2AFAEB1240" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1214,1394,1513,1537]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="533 - 1317" refId="ref55912" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Pars II. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 533 - 1317." type="book chapter" year="1767">Linnaeus, 1767</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A
<typeStatus id="548916CAFFE8F573E6F9F9CDFF761267" box="[151,239,1550,1574]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
was therefore needed to conserve prevailing usage of the name. McCradys hydrozoan types (including any of
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E682F9F2FE1A1208" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[236,387,1585,1609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E682F9F2FE1A1208" box="[236,387,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are believed to have been destroyed during the American Civil War (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E2D1F9F2FF4A122C" author="Stephens, L. D. &amp; Calder, D. R." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="39 - 54" refId="ref60332" refString="Stephens, L. D. &amp; Calder, D. R. (1992) John McCrady of South Carolina: pioneer student of North American Hydrozoa. Archives of Natural History, 19, 39 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3366 / anh. 1992.19.1.39" type="journal article" year="1992">Stephens &amp; Calder 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE8F573E6A9F9BAFD611304" blockId="55.[151,1437,1405,2006]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E6A9F9BAFE1C12D0" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[199,389,1657,1681]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E6A9F9BAFE1C12D0" box="[199,389,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an abundant epibiont on pelagic
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E561F9BAFC1012D0" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[783,905,1657,1681]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E561F9BAFC1012D0" box="[783,905,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sargassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and especially so on
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E210F9BAFB7D12D0" box="[1150,1252,1657,1681]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E210F9BAFB7D12D0" box="[1150,1252,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">S. natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Burkenroad, in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E6F9F95DFE9512F4" author="Parr, A. E." box="[151,268,1693,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref57974" refString="Parr, A. E. (1939) Quantitative observations on the pelagic Sargassum vegetation of the western North Atlantic with preliminary discussion of morphology and relationships. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 6 (7), 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1939">Parr 1939</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E775F95EFE3412F4" author="Calder, D. R." box="[283,429,1693,1717]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="537 - 546" refId="ref49737" refString="Calder, D. R. (1995) Hydroid assemblages on holopelagic Sargassum from the Sargasso Sea at Bermuda. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56, 537 - 546." type="journal article" year="1995">Calder 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Colonies grow quickly outwards onto new phylloids (leaflets) and bladders of these fucoids, and are least abundant on the oldest and innermost parts of the thalli (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E244F902FB581298" author="Ryland, J. S." box="[1066,1217,1729,1753]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="17 - 25" refId="ref59266" refString="Ryland, J. S. (1974) Observations on some epibionts of gulf-weed, Sargassum natans (L.) Meyen. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 14, 17 - 25. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 0981 (74) 90034 - 3" type="journal article" year="1974">Ryland 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E2B9F902FA051298" author="Niermann, U." box="[1239,1436,1729,1753]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="343 - 353" refId="ref57465" refString="Niermann, U. (1986) Distribution of Sargassum natans and some of its epibionts in the Sargasso Sea. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 40, 343 - 353. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01983817" type="journal article" year="1986">Niermann (1986)</bibRefCitation>
reported that
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E742F926FE5912BC" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[300,448,1765,1789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E742F926FE5912BC" box="[300,448,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">C. noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was more prevalent on
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E4A2F926FCAA12BC" box="[716,819,1765,1789]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="natans">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E4A2F926FCAA12BC" box="[716,819,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">S. natans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
north of a thermal front in the Sargasso Sea than south of it. The difference was attributed to greater water stratification in the south and to a lower nutrient supply, resulting in less food (nannoplankton) for the hydroid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE8F57CE6A9F892FCCD14B6" blockId="55.[151,1437,1405,2006]" lastBlockId="56.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
A combination of morphological characters can be used to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE8F573E595F892FB251328" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1019,1212,1873,1897]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE8F573E595F892FB251328" box="[1019,1212,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Clytia noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its congeners (colonies stolonal; hydrothecae about equal in height and breadth at the margin; marginal cusps triangular; basal chambers of hydrothecae shallow; subhydrothecal spherule present; coenosarc and hydranths yellowish), and merotrichous isorhiza nematocysts are diagnostic (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E4B5F87EFC651394" author="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E." box="[731,1020,1981,2005]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="825 - 832" refId="ref55700" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2001) Merotrichous isorhiza, a nematocyst new to the Campanulariidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), and its relevance for the classification of cnidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114, 825 - 832." type="journal article" year="2001">Lindner &amp; Migotto 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE8F573E264F87EFBDE1394" author="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E." box="[1034,1095,1981,2005]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="541 - 553" refId="ref55752" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
). As for gonothecae, they are urn-shaped, arise from the hydrorhiza, have walls that are slightly undulated and cylindrical to laterally compressed, and the distal end bears a tubular neck (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE578FF7FFC2E1495" author="Calder, D. R." box="[790,951,188,212]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref49456" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
). The cnidome of
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE2F7FF7FFAAB1495" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1177,1330,188,212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE2F7FF7FFAAB1495" box="[1177,1330,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C. noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes microbasic b-mastigophores as well as merotrichous isorhizas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6A9FEC7FAF7157E" blockId="56.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
The life cycle of
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE7F7FEC7FDA8155D" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[409,561,260,284]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Clytia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE7F7FEC7FDA8155D" box="[409,561,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">C. noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been followed in the laboratory from hydroid to adult medusa stages (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE6F0FEE4FE22157E" author="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E." box="[158,443,295,319]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="541 - 553" refId="ref55752" refString="Lindner, A. &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2002) The life cycle of Clytia linearis and Clytia noliformis: metagenic campanulariids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with contrasting polyp and medusa stages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 541 - 553. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315402005866" type="journal article" year="2002">Lindner &amp; Migotto 2002</bibRefCitation>
). A detailed taxonomic account of the species has been given earlier (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE2A8FEE4FAF8157E" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1222,1377,295,319]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref49456" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6A9FE8FFC1B1525" blockId="56.[151,1436,151,572]" box="[199,898,331,356]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6A9FE8FFE4B1525" bold="true" box="[199,466,331,356]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
Atlantic coast of
<collectingRegion id="49F6668AFFE7F57CE4F7FE8FFD771525" box="[665,750,332,356]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Florida</collectingRegion>
. First record.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6ABFEB3FDBA158E" blockId="56.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Western Atlantic. Nova Scotia, on
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE429FEB3FCF815C6" authority="(Fraser 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[583,865,367,392]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE429FEB3FD5815C9" box="[583,705,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Sargassum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE4A1FEACFCC015C6" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[719,857,367,391]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="329 - 367" refId="ref52354" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1918) Hydroids of eastern Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1917 - 1918, 329 - 367." type="journal article" year="1918">Fraser 1918</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, to
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFE7F57CE5E7FEACFC5415C6" box="[905,973,367,391]" name="Brazil" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Oliveira
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE22EFEB2FBE915C9" box="[1088,1136,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. submitted), and including
<collectingCountry id="F325E8F8FFE7F57CE6F9FE57FF6715ED" box="[151,254,404,428]" name="Bermuda" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE760FE57FE3315ED" author="Calder, D. R." box="[270,426,404,428]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref49456" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991 a) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991a</bibRefCitation>
), the Gulf of Mexico (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE4C2FE57FC3515ED" author="Calder, D. R. &amp; Cairns, S. D." box="[684,940,404,428]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref49991" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Cairns, S. D. (2009) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. &amp; Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico. Origin, waters, and biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A &amp; M University Press, College Station, pp. 381 - 394." type="book" year="2009">Calder &amp; Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
), and the Caribbean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE2BEFE57FAEE15ED" author="Vervoort, W." box="[1232,1399,404,428]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref61370" refString="Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1968">Vervoort 1968</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C32D3EBFFE7F57CE6F9FE7BFD8B1591" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,530,439,464]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="noliformis" subGenus="Clytia">
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE6F9FE7BFEA31591" box="[151,314,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Campanularia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE724FE7BFE171591" box="[330,398,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Clytia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B946747AFFE7F57CE7F1FE7BFD8B1591" box="[415,530,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">noliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DA868FFE7F57CE6ABFE1FFCC2167D" blockId="56.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
Elsewhere. Sargasso Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE781FE1FFD3F15B5" author="Niermann, U." box="[495,678,476,500]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="343 - 353" refId="ref57465" refString="Niermann, U. (1986) Distribution of Sargassum natans and some of its epibionts in the Sargasso Sea. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 40, 343 - 353. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01983817" type="journal article" year="1986">Niermann 1986</bibRefCitation>
); warm waters of the eastern Atlantic (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE209FE1FFAD615B5" author="Rees, W. J. &amp; White, E." box="[1127,1359,476,500]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="271 - 284" refId="ref58742" refString="Rees, W. J. &amp; White, E. (1966) New records and fauna list of hydroids from the Azores. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 13, 9, 271 - 284. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936608656051" type="journal article" year="1966">Rees &amp; White 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE333FE1FFF491656" author="Wirtz, P." pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref62332" refString="Wirtz, P. (2007) On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Madeira archipelago. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 24, 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="2007">Wirtz 2007</bibRefCitation>
) including the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE409FE3CFCFF1656" author="Faucci, A. &amp; Boero, F." box="[615,870,511,535]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="255 - 264" refId="ref51681" refString="Faucci, A. &amp; Boero, F. (2000) Structure of an epiphytic hydroid community on Cystoseira at two sites of different wave exposure. Scientia Marina, 64 (Suplemento 1), 255 - 264." type="journal article" year="2000">Faucci &amp; Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
), Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE24BFE3CFB4E1656" author="Mammen, T. A." box="[1061,1239,511,535]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref56052" refString="Mammen, T. A. (1965) On a collection of hydroids from south India. II. Suborder Thecata (excluding family Plumulariidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 7, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1965">Mammen 1965</bibRefCitation>
), western Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE6F0FDE7FE57167D" author="Kirkendale, L. &amp; Calder, D. R." box="[158,462,548,572]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="159 - 188" refId="ref54862" refString="Kirkendale, L. &amp; Calder, D. R. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). Micronesica, 35 - 36, 159 - 188." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirkendale &amp; Calder 2003</bibRefCitation>
), and eastern Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3D599FFE7F57CE4ADFDE7FCD7167D" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[707,846,548,572]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="179 - 335" refId="ref52761" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4 (5), 179 - 335." type="journal article" year="1948">Fraser 1948</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>