658 lines
119 KiB
XML
658 lines
119 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0A61977379C4D861DB467606A913F13E">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0E3304FF73AECA1B03FE55" ID-CoL="4S3H7" authority="(Smitt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,628,427,454]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73AECA18BBFE56" bold="true" box="[151,460,427,454]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Rhamphostomella plicata</emphasis>
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(Smitt, 1868)
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FF7BAEAE1981FE7A" box="[159,246,463,490]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FEE6AEB1183AFE7A" box="[258,333,464,490]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1756,1780]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-20@92.[225,1362,181,1732]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 32. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella species. A, B. Rhamphostomella gigantea Osburn, 1952. Holotype, USNM 11033 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea). C–E. Rhamphostomella alutacea Gontar, 1993. Holotype, ZIRAS 1/44569 (Krabovaya Bight, Shikotan Island, Lesser Kuril Ridge, Pacific Ocean). F, G. Rhamphostomella bilaminata (Hincks, 1877). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1580A (Gaspe, Gulf of St Lawrence, Atlantic Ocean). H, I. Rhamphostomella hincksi Nordgaard, 1906. Neotype, NHMUK 1976.8.6.39pt (about 22 km westwards from Medvezhii Island, western Barents Sea). J, K. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). Lectotype, SMNH-Type-1696 (Waygat Islands, Hinlopen Strait, Svalbard and Jan Mayen). L, M. Rhamphostomella radiatula (Hincks, 1877). Neotype, NHMUK 1911.10.1.1592 (Iceland). Scale bars: A, B, D–G, K, M, 250 µm; C, H, I, J, L, 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544593/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">32J, K</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73AD75183EFDBC" box="[151,329,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FEB4AD7518A3FDBC" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[336,468,532,556]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt, 1868a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 30
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, 31 (part), pl. 28, figs 189, 190 (?).
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0E3304FF73AD521B56FDDB" authority=": Smitt 1868 b, p. 484" authorityName=": Smitt" authorityPageNumber="484" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,545,563,587]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73AD52183EFDDB" box="[151,329,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FEB3AD5218A2FDDB" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[343,469,563,587]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="443 - 487" refId="ref95400" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 b) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger, 24, 443 - 487." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 484
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, 485.
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF73AD331AC5FDF9" blockId="57.[151,1436,532,771]" box="[151,946,593,617]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0E3304FF73AD331839FDF9" authority="?Smitt, 1878" box="[151,334,593,617]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Discopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73AD331839FDF9" box="[151,334,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Discopora plicata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:?
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FE81AD301B52FDF9" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[357,549,593,617]" page="31" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1878">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FE81AD301892FDF9" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[357,485,593,617]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="19 - 32" refId="ref95433" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1878 a) Recensio animalium Bryozoarum e mari arctico, quae ad paeninsulam Kola, in itinere anno 1877. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlinger, 35, 19 - 32." type="journal article" year="1878">Smitt 1878a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 31
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</treatmentCitation>
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;?1878b, p. 24;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FD23AD301AD9FDF9" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[711,942,593,617]" page="78" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1918">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FD23AD301A19FDF9" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[711,878,593,617]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">Nordgaard 1918</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 78
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0E3304FF73AD111B1DFD18" ID-CoL="4S3H7" authority=": Lorenz 1886, p. 12" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,618,624,648]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73AD1118EDFD18" box="[151,410,624,648]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Rhamphostomella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FE4CAD111B5CFD18" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[424,555,624,648]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 12
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 13;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FD7FAD111AF9FD18" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[667,910,624,648]" page="171" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FD7FAD111A34FD18" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[667,835,624,648]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="164 - 174" refId="ref92912" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1905) Bryozoa or Polyzoa. Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2, 164 - 174." type="journal article" year="1905">Nordgaard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 171
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 5, figs 14, 15; 1906, p. 30, 41, pl. 4, figs 49, 50;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FF23ADEE1896FD37" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[199,481,655,679]" page="230" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FF23ADEE18E3FD37" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[199,404,655,679]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Gostilovskaya 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 230
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 146;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FDADADEE1A78FD36" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[585,783,654,679]" page="544" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FDADADEE1BB4FD37" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[585,707,655,679]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 544
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 381; 1975, p. 662, fig. 381;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FB85ADEE1C3EFD37" author="Powell, N. A." box="[1121,1353,655,679]" page="2312" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FB85ADEE1D98FD37" author="Powell, N. A." box="[1121,1263,655,679]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="2269 - 2320" refId="ref94756" refString="Powell, N. A. (1968 a) Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of Arctic Canada. Journal Fishery Research Board Canada, 25, 2269 - 2320. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 68 - 202" type="journal article" year="1968">Powell 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2312
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 10, pl. 13b;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FEFEADCC1B03FD55" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." box="[282,628,685,709]" page="121" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FEFEADCC1B5FFD55" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." box="[282,552,685,709]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref96358" refString="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11, 1 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11688" type="journal article" year="2012">Winston & Hayward 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 121
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 78.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF73ADAD1B07FD74" blockId="57.[151,1436,532,771]" box="[151,624,716,740]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B0E3304FF73ADAD1B07FD74" box="[151,624,716,740]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FF73ADAD1B1BFD74" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,620,716,740]" page="188" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1907">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0E3304FF73ADAD1B1BFD74" authority="Kluge, 1907, p. 188" authorityName="Kluge" authorityPageNumber="188" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,620,716,740]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lorenzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73ADAD18EEFD74" box="[151,409,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Rhamphostomella lorenzi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FE44ADAD1B57FD74" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[416,544,716,740]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="181 - 204" refId="ref90875" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1907) Kritische Erorterungen zu den Bryozoologischen Arbeiten von K. Chworostansky. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1, 181 - 204." type="journal article" year="1907">Kluge, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 188
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF73AD8A1B06FC93" blockId="57.[151,1436,532,771]" box="[151,625,746,771]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B0E3304FF73AD8A1B06FC93" box="[151,625,746,771]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B0E3304FF73AD8A1B1AFC93" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,621,746,771]" page="386" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1915">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0E3304FF73AD8A1B1AFC93" authority=": Kluge 1915, p. 386" authorityName="Kluge" authorityPageNumber="386" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,621,746,771]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="lorenzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73AD8A18EEFC93" box="[151,409,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Rhamphostomella lorenzi</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FE43AD8A1B56FC92" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[423,545,746,771]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="376 - 393" refId="ref90985" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1915) Bryozoa. In: Derjugin, K. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kolsky Gulf and Conditions of its Existence. Zapiski Academii Nauk, Series 8, 34, 376 - 393. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1915">Kluge 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 386
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF73AC491D5EFC0C" blockId="57.[151,1437,808,924]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73AC4918FEFCD0" bold="true" box="[151,393,808,832]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Additional references.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0E3304FE77AC491AFFFCD0" ID-CoL="4S3H7" authority=": Osburn 1936, p. 542" authorityName="Osburn" authorityPageNumber="542" authorityYear="1936" box="[403,904,808,832]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FE77AC491BEDFCD0" box="[403,666,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Rhamphostomella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FD4FAC491A43FCD0" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[683,820,808,832]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 542
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FC72AC491D11FCD0" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[918,1126,808,832]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 456; 1964, p. 220;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FABAAC49198BFCCF" author="Kluge, G. A." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 142;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FEB2AC261889FCCF" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[342,510,839,863]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="71 - 79" refId="ref87177" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1984) Species composition and distribution of the Bryozoa in the intertidal of some inlets of the Eastern Murman. In: Semyonov, V. N. (Ed.), Benthos of the Barentz Sea. Kolsky Division of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, pp. 71 - 79. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1984">Denisenko 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 76; 1988, p. 13; 1990, p. 39; 2008, p. 188; 2013, p. 184;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FB89AC261C09FCCF" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[1133,1406,839,863]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 357;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FF18AC0418CDFCED" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[252,442,869,893]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FEAEAC071800FCED" box="[330,375,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 195; Grischenko 2002, p. 115;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FCFBAC041ABAFCED" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[799,973,869,893]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 203;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FBC3AC041C21FCED" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[1063,1366,869,893]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 48;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FF23ACE518BFFC0C" author="Kuklinski, P. & Taylor, P. D." box="[199,456,900,924]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="489 - 500" refId="ref91939" refString="Kuklinski, P. & Taylor, P. D. (2009) Mineralogy of Arctic bryozoan skeletons in a global context. Facies, 55, 489 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10347 - 009 - 0179 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">Kuklinski & Taylor 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 497;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FDFBACE51BD6FC0C" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[543,673,900,924]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 153;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0E3304FD1CACE51AAEFC0C" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Hayward, P. J. & Tendal, O. S. & Sorensen, J." box="[760,985,900,924]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="360 - 378" refId="ref87673" refString="Denisenko, N. V., Hayward, P. J., Tendal, O. S. & Sorensen, J. (2016) Diversity and biogeographic patterns of the bryozoan fauna of the Faroe Islands. Marine Biology Research, 12 (4), 360 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2016.1148817" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Denisenko
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FC8FACE41AE0FC0C" box="[875,919,900,924]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 366.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B0E3304FF73ACA41B52FB4B" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF73ACA419A6FBB7" blockId="57.[151,1437,965,2035]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF73ACA418F1FC4F" bold="true" box="[151,390,965,991]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B0E3304FE75ACA719A6FBB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405491" collectingDate="1861-08" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hinlopen Strait" elevation="128" latitude="79.166664" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="19.0" municipality="Waygat Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FE75ACA71889FC4F" box="[401,510,966,991]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B0E3304FE75ACA71889FC4F" box="[401,510,966,991]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: SMNH-Type-1696, two fragments of one colony,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B0E3304FBBBACA41CEFFC4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B0E3306FF73AECA1DF9F82A:8EFFC4B90B0E3304FBBBACA41CEFFC4F" box="[1119,1432,965,991]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Hinlopen Strait" latitude="79.166664" longLatPrecision="94" longitude="19.0" municipality="Waygat Islands" name="Swedish Arctic Expedition" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Swedish Arctic Expedition</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B0E3304FF73AC88185EFB93" box="[151,297,1001,1027]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1861-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B0E3304FF73AC88185EFB93" box="[151,297,1001,1027]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1861-08">August 1861</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B0E3304FED0AC881895FB93" box="[308,482,1001,1027]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Waygat Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B0E3304FE09AC881BEBFB93" box="[493,668,1001,1027]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hinlopen Strait</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0E3304FD42AC881ACAFB93" box="[678,957,1001,1027]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B0E3304FC23AC8B1D33FB93" box="[967,1092,1001,1029]" degrees="79" direction="north" minutes="10.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="92" value="79.166664">79°10.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B0E3304FBABAC8B1DB0FB93" box="[1103,1223,1001,1029]" degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="00.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="92" value="19.0">19°00.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B0E3304FAFCAC881CE0FB93" box="[1304,1431,1001,1027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="128.0" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="110.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B0E3304FAFCAC881CE0FB93" box="[1304,1431,1001,1027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="128.0" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="110.0">110–146 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, mud.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF23AB501B52FB4B" blockId="57.[151,1437,965,2035]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B0E3304FF23AB501A73FBFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405379" collectionCode="R, USNM" country="Russia" elevation="87" location="northwestern Atlantic Ocean" municipality="Thacher Island" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="NHMUK 1911.10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maine, Massachusetts">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B0E3304FF23AB501853FBDB" box="[199,292,1073,1099]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">SMNH-</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B0E3304FEC0AB50180EFBDB" box="[292,377,1073,1099]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">132277</specimenCode>
|
||
, colony on bivalve shell, Sandeberg Expedition, Stn 28, 1877, off Waideguba, Kola Peninsula, Barents Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0E3304FECDAB341801FBFF" box="[297,374,1109,1135]" name="Russia" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B0E3304FE21AB341B40FBFF" box="[453,567,1109,1135]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="86.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="73.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B0E3304FE21AB341B40FBFF" box="[453,567,1109,1135]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="86.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="73.0">73–100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, gravel and shells.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B0E3304FCEEAB341B56FB4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405331" collectionCode="R, USNM" country="Russia" elevation="87" location="northwestern Atlantic Ocean" municipality="Thacher Island" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="NHMUK 1911.10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maine, Massachusetts">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B0E3304FCEEAB341A03FBFF" box="[778,884,1109,1135]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B0E3304FC9EAB341D5DFBE0" box="[890,1066,1109,1136]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">1911.10.1.1590</specimenCode>
|
||
, five colonies encrusting hydroid stolons and spirorbid tubes, ex
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B0E3304FE16AB181A11FB03" box="[498,870,1145,1171]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Copenhagen Museum Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B0E3304FC4AAB181A9EFB03" box="[942,1001,1145,1171]" name="G.E. MacGinitie" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">G.M.</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B0E3304FC0DAB181A88FB03" box="[1001,1023,1145,1171]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B0E3304FBEDAB181DCFFB03" box="[1033,1208,1145,1171]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Levinsen, A.M.</collectorName>
|
||
Norman Collection,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0E3304FF73ABFC1878FB27" box="[151,271,1181,1207]" name="Greenland" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B0E3304FEFEABFC181CFB27" box="[282,363,1181,1207]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
(no inventory number), two colony fragments,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B0E3304FC6DABFC1D43FB27" box="[905,1076,1181,1207]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Thacher Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B0E3304FBA5ABFC1D03FB27" box="[1089,1140,1181,1207]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Gulf</collectorName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B0E3304FB78ABFC1CEFFB27" box="[1180,1432,1181,1207]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Maine, Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
, USA,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B0E3304FF39ABA01B56FB4B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B0E3306FF73AECA1DF9F82A:8EFFC4B90B0E3304FF39ABA01B56FB4B" box="[221,545,1217,1243]" country="Russia" municipality="Thacher Island" name="northwestern Atlantic Ocean" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Maine, Massachusetts">northwestern Atlantic Ocean</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B0E3306FF23AB841BCFFC7D" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF23AB8418AEFAFB" blockId="57.[151,1437,965,2035]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF23AB841809FB6F" bold="true" box="[199,382,1253,1279]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0E3304FD4AAB841A54FB6F" box="[686,803,1253,1279]" name="Greenland" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FCD5AB841D27FB6F" box="[817,1104,1253,1279]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17A, D–G, I–J, L–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.82–1.20 (0.99 ± 0.11). ZW, 0.37–0.60 (0.47 ± 0.05). ZD, 0.35–0.41 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FD79AA6B1BDCFAB3" box="[669,683,1290,1315]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.21–0.28 (0.24 ± 0.03). OrW, 0.25–0.33 (0.31 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.25–0.38 (0.33 ± 0.03). OeW, 0.32–0.45 (0.39 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.15–0.28 (0.23 ± 0.04). P(m)N, 5–10 (7). P(oe)N, 11–19 (16) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FE65AA3318F8FAFB" box="[385,399,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF23AA141C25FA6B" blockId="57.[151,1437,965,2035]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0E3304FF23AA14182EFA1F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1397,1423]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FC84AA141ABFFA1F" box="[864,968,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
), small, irregular in form, attaining about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B0E3304FF73AAF8199FFA23" box="[151,232,1433,1459]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximal size, beige to greyish when dry. Zooids large, oblong-rectangular to oval, or trapezoidal and irregular, in shape, often swollen and broadened distally, flattened and tapering proximally, arranged in quincunx, demarcated by fine sutures between lateral and transverse walls; sutures less visible in older parts of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF23A9641C3FF943" blockId="57.[151,1437,965,2035]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Frontal shield umbonuloid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FDEDA9641BFAF98F" box="[521,653,1541,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), thin, moderately convex, lower towards proximal margin, smooth in developing zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FE72A9481B77F9D3" box="[406,512,1577,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
), finely dimpled to wrinkled or reticulated in fully-formed zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FAE7A9481CE7F9D3" box="[1283,1424,1577,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17D–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Areolae sparse, elongate to triangular, separated by short interareolar ridges; ridges generally developed in distal half of zooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FEE4A91018FDF91B" box="[256,394,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
), may be strongly reduced or absent in young zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FC3EA9101DF7F91B" box="[986,1152,1649,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17A, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interior of frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FF44A9F4186EF93F" box="[160,281,1685,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
) showing distinct or indistinct ring scar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FD00A9F41A17F93F" box="[740,864,1685,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Umbonuloid component occupying about 40% of length of frontal shield (38% in one measured zooid), with fine parallel lineation and accretionary banding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3304FF23A9BC1C39F8F3" blockId="57.[151,1437,965,2035]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FE9FA9BC1884F967" box="[379,499,1757,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17B, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) submerged, inversely pyriform, subcircular to oval; distal and lateral margins formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall. Distal margin of orifice rounded, proximal margin concave, tapering, with small median lyrula having straight, bifurcate or alate apex, and two small, short processes lateroproximally with rounded or pointed tips; processes sometimes ill-defined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FCBCA8281ACEF8F3" box="[856,953,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||
) or lacking (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FBADA8281DD1F8F3" box="[1097,1190,1865,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17I</figureCitation>
|
||
). No condyles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0E3306FF23A80C1BE0FE8D" blockId="57.[151,1437,965,2035]" lastBlockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FE42A80C1B45F817" box="[422,562,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17D–H</figureCitation>
|
||
) circular or broadly triangular in outline, cormidial; in contrast with most species studied, distally and distolaterally restricted by flared, thickened upper part of transverse wall of maternal zooid. Proximal and lateral walls of daughter and distolateral zooids adjoining this wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0E3304FB6CA8D41C65F85F" box="[1160,1298,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 17D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Secondary orifice formed laterally and proximally by thin-walled, flared peristome of two triangular lappets from frontal shield, one lappet incorporating or virtually replaced by cystid of suboral avicularium; flared lappet on opposite side of peristome, plus avicularian cystid, defining broad, deep V- to U-shaped pseudosinus in secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0C3306FF44AFBE185CFF69" box="[160,299,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17D–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distally, lappets inclining to vertical walls of distolateral zooids, abutting to proximolateral corners of ooecia in ovicellate zooids. No oral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B0D3307FF73A90C18F6F87D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" startId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" targetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0D3307FF73A90C18F6F87D" blockId="58.[151,1437,1645,2029]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0D3307FF73A90C1856F915" bold="true" box="[151,289,1645,1669]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0D3307FECCA90C1BC8F915" authority="(Smitt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[296,703,1645,1669]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0D3307FECCA90C1B5BF915" box="[296,556,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Rhamphostomella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
(Smitt, 1868)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23AE461CEAFE65" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Cystid of suboral avicularium small, quite elevated, with dimpled surface and one communication pore, asymmetrically placed proximal to orifice on left or right (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0C3306FCBCAE2A1A9EFEF5" box="[856,1001,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Avicularian frontal surface (rostral/ postmandibular areas) to one side of midline, but sometimes crossing it, facing obliquely frontally. Rostrum elongatelingulate, narrowing, with blunt tip, extending somewhat over orifice, directed distolaterally and frontally. Palate elongate, triangular, with rounded distal end; foramen elongate triangular or elongate oval, with cryptocystal shelf distally; opesia round triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0C3306FDEEAEBA1BA4FE65" box="[522,723,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17A–C, F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Crossbar complete. Suboral avicularia lacking in some zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23AE9E1881FD89" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" box="[199,502,511,537]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">No adventitious avicularia.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23AD421A38FD61" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Ovicells hyperstomial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0C3306FE31AD421B28FDAD" box="[469,607,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
), ooecium free of secondary calcification except for very narrow basal rim visible in some ooecia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0C3306FE37AD261B28FDF1" box="[467,607,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium formed by distal autozooid close to colony periphery. Ooecial coelomic cavity connecting to visceral coelom via communication canal opening on underside of proximal part of frontal shield as oval slit-like communication pore situated at apex of triangular area (ovicell floor) or halfway between transverse wall and ring scar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0C3306FDA0ADD21BD6FD5D" box="[580,673,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium smooth, with straight or insignificantly concave proximal margin and small, scattered, circular or irregular pseudopores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23AD9A1AC5FCA9" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Zooids interconnected by two mural pore chambers in each distolateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0C3306FBD8AD9A1DDCFC85" box="[1084,1195,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17M</figureCitation>
|
||
). In transverse walls, communication pores as horizontal “band” or two multiporous septula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23AC221A79FC59" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Basal wall of zooids fully calcified, smooth, flattened or slightly convex, with tubular protuberances (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B0C3306FF73AC061989FC11" box="[151,254,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B0C3306FEAEAC061898FC11" box="[330,495,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.265" valueMax="0.33" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter), textured by fine parallel lineation on surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B0C3306FB42AC061C66FC11" box="[1190,1297,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-20@58.[214,1374,181,1621]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhamphostomella plicata (Smitt, 1868). A, D–G, I–J, L–M. NHMUK 1911.10.1.1590 (Greenland). B–C, H, K. USNM (without inventory number) (Thacher Island, Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids and ooecia. B. Oblique view of two zooids from colony margin, showing details of primary orifice with median lyrula and lateral denticles. C. Suboral avicularium. D. Non-ovicellate zooids with finely dimpled frontal shields. E. Ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids with and without suboral avicularia. F. Ovicellate zooids. G. Group of ovicellate zooids showing details of peristome and ooecia. H. Distolateral view of ovicellate zooids, showing details of avicularium and bilobed peristome. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing lyrula, areolae and ooecial communication pore (arrow) in apex of ovicell floor. J. Internal view of orifice, showing lyrula and denticles. K. Basal colony surface with tubular protuberances. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing peristome, areolae, interareolar ridges and zooidal lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, E, G, K, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, 250 μm; C, L, 50 μm; I, J, 100 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521172/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 17K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Numerous white spots (presumably less-calcified areas) visible in semitransparent basal wall by light microscopy. Boundaries between zooids recognizable basally by sinuous sutures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23ACB21BCFFC7D" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" box="[199,696,979,1005]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B0C3306FF23AC96183AFAE9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23AC961C30FB55" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FF23AC96184CFB81" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1041]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In describing the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FD74AC961A8BFB82" authority=", Smitt (1868 a)" authorityName=", Smitt" authorityYear="1868" box="[656,1020,1015,1042]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FD74AC961A23FB81" box="[656,852,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Cellepora plicata</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FC86AC961A8BFB82" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[866,1020,1015,1042]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt (1868a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated figures 189–196 (pl. 28) as illustrations. Comparing them with his own specimens,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FD1CAB7A1AE0FBA6" author="Lorenz, L. von" box="[760,919,1051,1078]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="83 - 100" refId="ref92348" refString="Lorenz, L. von (1886) Bryozoen von Jan Mayen. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882 - 1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation von Jan Mayen, 3, 83 - 100." type="journal article" year="1886">Lorenz (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FB36AB7A1876FBC8" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FB36AB7A1876FBC8" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Rhamphostomella spinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FEEAAB5E18E3FBC9" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[270,404,1087,1113]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="radiatula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FEEAAB5E1868FBC8" box="[270,287,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FEC8AB5E18E3FBC9" box="[300,404,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">radiatula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FE2CAB5E1B43FBC9" authorityName=", Smitt" authorityYear="1868" box="[456,564,1087,1113]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FE2CAB5E18AEFBC8" box="[456,473,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FE02AB5E1B43FBC9" box="[486,564,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and indicated that only figures 189–191 and 195 of Smitt represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FACEAB5E1CE2FBC9" authorityName=", Smitt" authorityYear="1868" box="[1322,1429,1087,1113]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FACEAB5E1C4CFBC8" box="[1322,1339,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FAA3AB5E1CE2FBC9" box="[1351,1429,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nonetheless, only figure 189 unambiguously illustrates this species (figure 190 shows the colony basal surface). As to the other illustrations, figure 191 presumably shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FCD1ABE61AB8FB31" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[821,975,1159,1185]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bilaminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FCD1ABE61A31FB30" box="[821,838,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FCB2ABE61AB8FB31" box="[854,975,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">bilaminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; figure 192,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FB80ABE61D98FB30" authorityName="Lorenz" authorityYear="1886" box="[1124,1263,1159,1185]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spinigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FB80ABE61D02FB30" box="[1124,1141,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FB61ABE61D98FB30" box="[1157,1263,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">spinigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; figure 193,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FA60ABE61988FB55" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="radiatula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FA60ABE61CE2FB30" box="[1412,1429,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FF73ABCA1988FB55" box="[151,255,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">radiatula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and figures 195, 196,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FDE6ABCA1B07FB55" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[514,624,1195,1221]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FDE6ABCA1B64FB54" box="[514,531,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FDC5ABCA1B07FB55" box="[545,624,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see additional discussion in the Remarks elsewhere in the text).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23ABAE183AFAE9" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FF23ABAE18FDFB79" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[199,394,1231,1257]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard (1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 31) wrote of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FDA1ABAE1BC5FB79" authorityName=", Smitt" authorityYear="1868" box="[581,690,1231,1257]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FDA1ABAE1B21FB78" box="[581,598,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FD80ABAE1BC5FB79" box="[612,690,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “This species is distinguishable from the next one (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FAE5ABAE1C18FB79" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[1281,1391,1231,1257]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FAE5ABAE1C65FB78" box="[1281,1298,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FAC4ABAE1C18FB79" box="[1312,1391,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by the circumstance that the proximal margin of the oral aperture is more rounded, the aperture has not so marked a triangular shape as is the case with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FDC6AA761B06FAA1" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[546,625,1303,1329]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FDC6AA761B06FAA1" box="[546,625,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The most conspicuous difference, however, is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FB52AA761C73FAA1" authorityName=", Smitt" authorityYear="1868" box="[1206,1284,1303,1329]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FB52AA761C73FAA1" box="[1206,1284,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a distinct median denticle [lyrula] that is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FD81AA5A1BC3FAC5" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityYear="1906" box="[613,692,1339,1365]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hincksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FD81AA5A1BC3FAC5" box="[613,692,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">hincksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. We can also add the strong difference in the frontal shield relief in these species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B0C3306FF23AAE21D5EFA51" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23AAE21D5EFA51" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FF23AAE2185BFA0D" bold="true" box="[199,300,1411,1437]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FED1AAE21B20FA0D" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[309,599,1411,1437]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FED1AAE21B20FA0D" box="[309,599,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Rhamphostomella plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B0C3306FCF0AAE21AF0FA0D" box="[788,903,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="14.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="79.0" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="12.0">12–146 m</quantity>
|
||
depth on mixed bottoms (sand, shell, gravel), where colonies encrust mollusk shells, ascidians and colonies of other bryozoans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B0C3306FF23AAAB1DF9F82A" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B0C3306FF23AAAB1DF9F82A" blockId="59.[151,1437,151,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FF23AAAB1816FA74" bold="true" box="[199,353,1482,1508]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a boreal-Arctic, circumpolar, sublittoral species. Arctic records include the Barents Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FF7BAA8E1859F999" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[159,302,1519,1545]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">
|
||
Smitt 1868
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FEC5AA8E1859F999" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[289,302,1519,1545]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="443 - 487" refId="ref95400" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 b) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger, 24, 443 - 487." type="journal article" year="1868">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1868b,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FE75AA8E18BBF999" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[401,460,1519,1545]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="28 - 31" refId="ref95801" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1879) Bryozoa. In: Preliminary check-list of the Marine Invertebrate of the Atlantic Coast from the Cape Cod to Gulf of St Lawrence. Private Publication, New Haven, Connecticut, pp. 28 - 31." type="book chapter" year="1879">1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FE0CAA8E1BD2F999" author="Bidenkap, O." box="[488,677,1519,1545]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="503 - 540" refId="ref86383" refString="Bidenkap, O. (1900 a) Die Bryozoen. I Teil: Die Bryozoen von Spitzbergen und Konig-Karls-Land. Fauna Arctica, 1, 503 - 540." type="journal article" year="1900">Bidenkap 1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FD56AA8E1A19F999" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[690,878,1518,1545]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="164 - 174" refId="ref92912" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1905) Bryozoa or Polyzoa. Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2, 164 - 174." type="journal article" year="1905">Nordgaard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FC98AA8E1D4FF999" author="Kuznetsov, V. V." box="[892,1080,1519,1545]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="114 - 139" refId="ref92017" refString="Kuznetsov, V. V. (1941) The dynamic of the biocenoses Microporella ciliata in the Barents Sea. Transactions of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR, 7, 114 - 139. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1941">Kuznetsov 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FBA2AA8E1DB9F999" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1094,1230,1519,1545]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FB38AA8F1C60F999" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1244,1303,1518,1545]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FAC1AA8E19A5F9BD" author="Denisenko, N. V." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="71 - 79" refId="ref87177" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1984) Species composition and distribution of the Bryozoa in the intertidal of some inlets of the Eastern Murman. In: Semyonov, V. N. (Ed.), Benthos of the Barentz Sea. Kolsky Division of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, pp. 71 - 79. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1984">Denisenko 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FF3AA972186EF9BD" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[222,281,1555,1581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FEC1A9721816F9BD" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[293,353,1555,1581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), White Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FE1CA9721BF6F9BD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[504,641,1555,1581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="181 - 204" refId="ref90875" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1907) Kritische Erorterungen zu den Bryozoologischen Arbeiten von K. Chworostansky. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 1, 181 - 204." type="journal article" year="1907">Kluge 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FD69A9721A07F9BD" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[653,880,1554,1581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FC98A9721AC0F9BD" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[892,951,1555,1581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Kara Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FBA5A9721D89F9BD" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[1089,1278,1555,1581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref93080" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1912) Bryozoaires. Duc d'Orleans Campagne Arctiques de 1907. Charles Bulens, Bruxelles, 43 pp." type="book" year="1912">Nordgaard 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FAEEA9721CEFF9BD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1290,1432,1555,1581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FF73A95719A5F9C1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,210,1590,1617]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Laptev Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FE93A9561BDDF9C1" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[375,682,1591,1617]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Chukchi Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FCBBA9561A9FF9C1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[863,1000,1591,1617]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FC11A9571D47F9C1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1013,1072,1590,1617]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FAE2A956183FF9E5" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FEB1A93A1891F9E5" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[341,486,1627,1653]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FCABA93A1D7CF9E5" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[847,1035,1627,1653]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FBFCA93A1DD9F9E6" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1048,1198,1627,1654]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Baffin Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FAA9A93A1806F909" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Davis Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FDF8A91E1BD2F909" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[540,677,1663,1689]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FD55A91F1B9BF909" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[689,748,1662,1689]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0C3306FC85A91E1AA1F909" box="[865,982,1663,1689]" name="Greenland" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FC01A91E1DF1F909" author="Norman, A. M." box="[997,1158,1663,1689]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="90 - 93" refId="ref93300" refString="Norman, A. M. (1906) Greenlandic Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 17, 90 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930608562494" type="journal article" year="1906">Norman 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FB77A91E1C4AF909" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[1171,1341,1663,1689]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="545 - 634" refId="ref92231" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1914) Conspectus Faunae Groenlandicae. Bryozoa, Endoprocta, Pterobranchia og Enteropneusta. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 23, 545 - 634." type="journal article" year="1914">Levinsen 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FAAEA91E19A5F92D" author="Osburn, R. C." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="603 - 624" refId="ref93627" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1919) Bryozoa of the Crocker Land Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 41, 603 - 624." type="journal article" year="1919">Osburn 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FF04A9C2186CF92D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[224,283,1699,1725]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FECDA9C21B16F92D" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[297,609,1699,1725]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0C3306FD2BA9C21A33F92D" box="[719,836,1699,1725]" name="Greenland" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FCB0A9C21D76F92D" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[852,1025,1699,1725]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="432 - 472" refId="ref92264" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1916) Danmark-Ekspeditionen til Gronlands Nordostkyst 1906 - 1908. Bryozoa. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 43, 432 - 472." type="journal article" year="1916">Levinsen 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FBEBA9C21C33F92D" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[1039,1348,1699,1725]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FAB8A9C21987F972" author="Smitt, F. A." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="443 - 487" refId="ref95400" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 b) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger, 24, 443 - 487." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt (1868b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just mentioned
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0C3306FE4EA9A71B53F971" box="[426,548,1734,1761]" name="Greenland" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0C3306FDDCA9A61BFDF971" box="[568,650,1735,1761]" name="Iceland" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FD7FA9A61A2EF971" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[667,857,1735,1761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref93156" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1924) Bryozoa from Iceland. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 2, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1924">Nordgaard 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Franz Josef Land (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FBA0A9A61C74F971" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1092,1283,1735,1761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Denisenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Spitsbergen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FF7BA98A1847F895" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[159,304,1771,1797]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="443 - 487" refId="ref95400" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 b) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger, 24, 443 - 487." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FED9A98A1B66F895" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[317,529,1771,1797]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FE70A98A18B0F895" box="[404,455,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FDFBA98A1B97F895" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[543,736,1771,1797]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FD09A98A1D78F895" author="Kuklinski, P. & Taylor, P. D." box="[749,1039,1771,1797]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="489 - 500" refId="ref91939" refString="Kuklinski, P. & Taylor, P. D. (2009) Mineralogy of Arctic bryozoan skeletons in a global context. Facies, 55, 489 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10347 - 009 - 0179 - 3" type="journal article" year="2009">Kuklinski & Taylor 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0C3306FB5CA98A1C65F895" box="[1208,1298,1771,1797]" name="Norway" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FAC6A98A19A5F8B9" author="Nordgaard, O." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="164 - 174" refId="ref92912" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1905) Bryozoa or Polyzoa. Hydrographical and Biological Investigations in Norwegian Fiords. Bergens Museums Meereskrifter, 2, 164 - 174." type="journal article" year="1905">Nordgaard 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FF3AA86E186DF8B9" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[222,282,1807,1833]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwestern Atlantic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B0C3306FD98A86E1B9DF8B9" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[636,746,1807,1833]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FD98A86E1BFAF8B8" box="[636,653,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FD78A86E1B9DF8B9" box="[668,746,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from St Lawrence Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FB3FA86E1CE3F8B9" author="Whiteaves, J." box="[1243,1428,1807,1833]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref96322" refString="Whiteaves, J. (1901) Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrates of Eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 271 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 216086" type="book" year="1901">Whiteaves 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in the Gulf of Maine near Thacher Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FD5FA8521A86F8DD" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." box="[699,1009,1843,1869]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref96358" refString="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11, 1 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11688" type="journal article" year="2012">Winston & Hayward 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; our data). The only record from the northeastern Atlantic is from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B0C3306FDE6A8361BE0F8E1" box="[514,663,1879,1905]" name="Faroe Islands" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Faroe Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FD40A8361AEAF8E2" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Hayward, P. J. & Tendal, O. S. & Sorensen, J." box="[676,925,1879,1906]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="360 - 378" refId="ref87673" refString="Denisenko, N. V., Hayward, P. J., Tendal, O. S. & Sorensen, J. (2016) Diversity and biogeographic patterns of the bryozoan fauna of the Faroe Islands. Marine Biology Research, 12 (4), 360 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2016.1148817" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Denisenko
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FCC0A8361A23F8E1" box="[804,852,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwestern Pacific, it is documented in the Bering Sea between St Lawrence Island and Chukotskiy Cape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FC79A81A1D52F805" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[925,1061,1915,1941]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grischenko 2002), and along the eastern coastal waters of Sakhalin Island, Sea of Okhotsk (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FCC3A8FE1A99F829" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[807,1006,1950,1977]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B0C3306FC90A8FE1AD1F829" box="[884,934,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B0C3306FC1EA8FE1DF5F82A" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1018,1154,1951,1978]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |