205 lines
18 KiB
XML
205 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791283" ID-GBIF-Dataset="babfb9f7-0cf7-4870-9335-de67ce169173" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163755409" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791283" ID-ZooBank="EDB3610D-09CA-4A42-81AC-D4281CD79A15" approvalRequired="7" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="7" checkinTime="1588003525493" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huber, John" docDate="2009" docId="03BBC056FF9BFF8C4C9FFA102B65CF45" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2048.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 20 (20)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@3457cc8d" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Alaptus Westwood 1839" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="235" masterDocId="FF82B82EFF9AFF8E4C13FFDC283FCA41" masterDocTitle="The genus Dicopomorpha (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) in Africa and a key to Alaptus-group genera" masterLastPageNumber="244" masterPageNumber="233" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" updateTime="1643565758743" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Dicopomorpha (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) in Africa and a key to Alaptus-group genera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huber, John</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural Resources Canada, NRCan, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-09-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>233</mods:start>
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<mods:end>244</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.20.116</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">babfb9f7-0cf7-4870-9335-de67ce169173</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576514</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EDB3610D-09CA-4A42-81AC-D4281CD79A15</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791283" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163755409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791283" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BBC056FF9BFF8C4C9FFA102B65CF45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BBC056FF9BFF8C4C9FFA102B65CF45" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
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<subSubSection box="[140,462,1484,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[140,462,1484,1511]" box="[140,462,1484,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
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<heading box="[140,462,1484,1511]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,462,1484,1511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[140,237,1484,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Alaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,237,1484,1511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Alaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of genera
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[140,1108,1539,1672]" lastBlockId="2.[140,1108,167,1284]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[195,277,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Alaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[195,277,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="234">Alaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-group of genera is distinguished by at least one apomorphy: in both sexes the anterior scutellum is separated from the posterior scutellum by a transverse suture that sometimes divides the scutellum into two completely separate sclerites (Figs 3, 8, 14).
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<bibRefCitation author="Huber JT & Lin NQ" box="[313,568,1645,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" pagination="21 - 65" refId="ref3801" refString="Huber JT and Lin NQ (1999) World review of the Camptoptera group of genera (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 130: 21 - 65." type="journal article" year="1999">Huber and Lin (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Lin NQ & Huber JT & La Salle J" box="[624,810,1645,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref3836" refString="Lin NQ, Huber JT, La Salle J (2007) The Australian genera of Mymaridae Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa 1596. 1 - 111" type="journal article" year="2007">Lin et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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give additional diagnostic features. Taking into consideration the changes in classification proposed here, the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[140,222,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Alaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[140,222,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Alaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group now contains the following five genera:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[770,852,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Alaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[770,852,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Alaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[868,1030,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[868,1030,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Kikiki" authorityName="Kikiki" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopus</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[191,264,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Kikiki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[264,268,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">,</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[326,459,237,263]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Mimalaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[326,459,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Mimalaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,167,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<taxonomicName box="[185,317,272,298]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Mimalaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[185,317,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Mimalaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, illustrated here by
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<taxonomicName authority="(Girault)" baseAuthorityName="Girault" box="[547,780,272,299]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Mimalaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoria">
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<emphasis box="[547,671,273,298]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">M. victoria</emphasis>
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(Girault)
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 7–11) [on a slide with another mymarid species (Fig. 7)], resembles
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<taxonomicName box="[659,819,307,333]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[659,819,307,333]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a 7-segmented (rarely 6-segmented) funicle in females (Figs 9, 11), but differs by the posterior scutellum being clearly divided medially by a longitudinal suture (Fig. 8) and the posterior margin of the fore wing having a distinct lobe behind the venation (Fig. 10).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Mimalaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Mimalaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently known only from the Australian region (Noyes and Valentine 1989,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lin NQ & Huber JT & La Salle J" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref3836" refString="Lin NQ, Huber JT, La Salle J (2007) The Australian genera of Mymaridae Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa 1596. 1 - 111" type="journal article" year="2007">Lin et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) but I have seen specimens from the several countries in the Oriental region and
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<collectingCountry box="[188,251,519,545]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(Honshu) in the Palearctic region. Once the fauna is better known it may be better to treat
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<taxonomicName box="[302,434,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Mimalaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[302,434,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Mimalaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName box="[630,790,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[630,790,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because the structure of the posterior scutellum appears to be the only unequivocal difference that separates it from
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<taxonomicName box="[140,300,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[140,300,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. I have also seen a fossil specimen from Baltic amber (together with a second, larger, piece of amber in box G 3.910
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<taxonomicName box="[660,817,660,686]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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#
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<accessionNumber box="[839,967,660,686]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/BST03124" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">BST03124</accessionNumber>
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, Geological- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, Göttingen,
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<collectingCountry box="[730,841,695,721]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Germany</collectingCountry>
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), indicating that it is or was much more widespread.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="235" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,167,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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<taxonomicName box="[185,272,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[185,272,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also a worldwide genus that resembles
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<taxonomicName box="[740,900,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[740,900,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a 7-segmented funicle in females, but is distinguished from it and
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<taxonomicName box="[795,927,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Mimalaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[795,927,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Mimalaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by an extremely narrow fore wing and ventrally directed mandibles that do not cross over when closed. Several workers had independently recognized that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Subba Rao" authorityYear="1984" box="[736,803,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Kubja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[736,803,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Kubja</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is probably a synonym of
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<taxonomicName box="[140,227,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[140,227,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but this was never published. The wings (Fig. 19), mandibles (Figs 13, 15), female antenna (Fig. 16), male antenna (Fig. 17), and general body shape and structure of the mesosoma (Figs 12, 14, 15) of the
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<typeStatus box="[617,665,977,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">type</typeStatus>
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specimens (
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<specimenCount box="[806,912,976,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount box="[972,1052,976,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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, Fig. 18) of
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<taxonomicName authority="Subba Rao" authorityName="Subba Rao" authorityYear="1984" box="[214,498,1011,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Kubja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
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<emphasis box="[214,371,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Kubja longipes</emphasis>
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Subba Rao
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</taxonomicName>
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are the same as for species of
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<taxonomicName box="[826,913,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[826,913,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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so the synonymy is formalized here as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Subba Rao" authorityYear="1984" box="[385,452,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Kubja" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[385,452,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Kubja</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, syn. n. and the
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<typeStatus box="[654,702,1047,1073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">type</typeStatus>
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species is transferred to
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<taxonomicName box="[989,1076,1047,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[989,1076,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName authority="(Subba Rao)" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Subba Rao" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[140,469,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes" status="comb. n.">
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<emphasis box="[140,318,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopus longipes</emphasis>
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(Subba Rao)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[481,582,1082,1108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[140,1108,167,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">
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While progress has been made in working out generic limits within the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[1027,1108,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Alaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1027,1108,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Alaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of genera, whose members are small even for
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<taxonomicName box="[715,848,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
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, there is still uncertainty about generic limits. Further study of as many undescribed species, of
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<taxonomicName box="[947,1107,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Dicopomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[947,1107,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Dicopomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[191,272,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Alaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[191,272,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="235">Alaptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in particular, is needed to determine if the current concepts and generic limits represent monophyletic lineages worthy of generic status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |