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<document id="245E074DC6A509D43BF8744F8C43E8F8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5392175" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5392175" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630316196429" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Borojevic, Radovan, Boury-Esnault, Nicole &amp; Vacelet, Jean" docDate="2000" docId="B2494E1BFFA7B254F433FA38FF99A412" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2000.22.2.203-263.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 22 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leucascandra Borojevic &amp; Klautau 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="4E703663FFBBB249F449FFCCFFE4A50A" masterDocTitle="A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)" masterLastPageNumber="263" masterPageNumber="203" pageNumber="231" updateTime="1699223765294" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="9F475EC3E30417389A48AD232BC62FBA">A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC99A580F82883229B05619F9A358702">Borojevic, Radovan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5F729CD9C3CC197806EA1271071E7749">Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68021, 21941 - 970 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) radovan @ iq. ufrj. br</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4613B9BFFB941ECEAA940B20FC395595">Boury-Esnault, Nicole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83A76DBF9D29CB6B9D7F3DEC11ED7ED7">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A7AD6C1002DDAFC405B7FACF8A89763C">Centre dOcéanologie de Marseille (CNRS-Université de la Méditerranée, UMR 6540 DIMAR), Station marine dEndoume, F- 13007 Marseille (France) esnault @ com. univ-mrs. fr jvacelet @ com. univ-mrs. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9D468A0DE2B04B62AA33F3869E8A51EF">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C33FCE68D3C83C9D548B57AA9C9BD9B0">2000</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B2494E1BFFA7B254F433FA38FF99A412" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5468362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5468362" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2494E1BFFA7B254F433FA38FF99A412" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2494E1BFFA7B254F433FA38FF99A412" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">
<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FFA7B255F433FA38FD9AA304" box="[122,638,1524,1550]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFA7B255F433FA38FD9AA304" blockId="28.[122,638,1524,1550]" box="[122,638,1524,1550]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">
<heading id="61174861FFA7B255F433FA38FD9AA304" box="[122,638,1524,1550]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F48EFA38FD9AA304" ID-CoL="84PNG" authority="Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2000" box="[199,638,1524,1550]" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" genus="Leucascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA7B255F48EFA38FEB5A304" box="[199,337,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">Leucascandra</emphasis>
Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FFA7B255F43BF9FEFE6BA369" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFA7B255F43BF9FEFE6BA369" blockId="28.[114,647,1586,1706]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">
<collectionCode id="5CF167C8FFA7B255F43BF9FEFF10A342" box="[114,244,1586,1609]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">
<typeStatus id="E55B41AFFFA7B255F43BF9FEFF47A34D" box="[114,163,1586,1609]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES
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. —
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F56DF9FFFF1BA36E" authority="Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2000" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" genus="Leucascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caveolata">
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA7B255F56DF9FFFDE7A341" box="[292,515,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">Leucascandra caveolata</emphasis>
Borojevic &amp; Klautau, 2000
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by monotypy.
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FFA7B255F43BF9BBFC53A1D5" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFA7B255F43BF9BBFC53A1D5" blockId="28.[114,647,1586,1706]" lastBlockId="28.[677,1210,1095,1247]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">
DIAGNOSIS. —
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F55FF9B4FE61A39A" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Boury-Esnault &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="2000" box="[278,389,1656,1680]" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Jenkinidae</taxonomicName>
with a complex cormus composed of copiously branched and anastomosed tubes. Each tube has a thin wall with a rather irregular alveolar
<typeStatus id="E55B41AFFFA7B255F6B0FBACFCC7A172" box="[761,803,1120,1144]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">type</typeStatus>
of leuconoid aquiferous system, and an inarticulate choanoskeleton that is supported only by unpaired actines of subatrial triactines. Both cortical and atrial skeletons consists of a thin layer of tangential triactines and/or tetractines.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="72FAAC86FFA7B254F6ECFAD1FF99A412" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFA7B255F6ECFAD1FCD2A03F" blockId="28.[677,1210,1309,1704]" box="[677,822,1309,1335]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFA7B255F6ECFAF0FB9CA3A2" blockId="28.[677,1210,1309,1704]" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">
In the
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F6AFFAF1FC80A05D" box="[742,868,1341,1367]" class="Calcarea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Clathrinida</taxonomicName>
, tubular sponges frequently form a large cormus composed of ramified and anastomosed tubes (e.g.
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA7B255F732FAB6FC96A0B9" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F732FAB6FB52A09E" authority=", Ascandra, Ascaltis" authorityName="Ascandra, Ascaltis" box="[891,1206,1402,1428]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Clathrina, Ascandra, Ascaltis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F6ECFA54FCEEA0BB" box="[677,778,1432,1457]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucascidae" genus="Leucascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Leucascus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F750FA55FC96A0B9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[793,882,1433,1459]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Leucaltis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). In the
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F7A8FA55FB67A0B9" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1958" box="[993,1155,1433,1459]" class="Calcarea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosoleniida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">Leucosoleniida</taxonomicName>
, this growth form is quite rare. While the
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F000FA7BFB5EA0DB" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Boury-Esnault &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="2000" box="[1097,1210,1463,1489]" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Jenkinidae</taxonomicName>
from cold Antarctic or Arctic waters grow as small solitary tubes, those from warmer waters can form large complex cormi. The genus
<taxonomicName id="FDE0848EFFA7B255F05FF9DFFB7BA327" authorityName="Borojevic &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2000" box="[1046,1183,1555,1581]" class="Calcarea" family="Jenkinidae" genus="Leucascandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="28" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0894231FFFA7B255F05FF9DFFB7BA327" box="[1046,1183,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">Leucascandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is thus characterized by a tendency to form a large cormus composed of extensively branched and anastomosed tubes (
<figureCitation id="A2DBE388FFA7B255F730F9A3FC39A383" box="[889,989,1647,1673]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[114,125,931,948]" captionText="FIG. 26. — Specimen of Leucascandra caveolata Borojevic &amp; Klautau from New Caledonia (Poindimié, 30 m) (Photo P. Laboute) (from Borojevic &amp; Klautau 2000). Scale bar: 1.4 cm." pageId="28" pageNumber="231">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
), an inarticulate choanoskeleton, and a thin cortex (
<figureCitation id="A2DBE388FFA7B255F052F942FB8FA3A2" box="[1051,1131,1678,1704]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[677,688,931,948]" captionTargetBox="[116,1202,204,893]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 27. — Leucascandra organization. Transverse section through the sponge wall; the choanoskeleton is composed of only subatrial triactines and the atrial skeleton contains triactines and tetractines. Abbreviations: a, atrial skeleton; ch, choanoskeleton. Scale bar: 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5392219" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5392219/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="231">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A5FFF0DFFA6B254F42FFEC8FF99A412" blockId="29.[102,125,260,280]" box="[102,125,260,280]" pageId="29" pageNumber="232">cx</paragraph>
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