229 lines
28 KiB
XML
229 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="5A767878599D2D8FA8420C1444F900C7" ID-CLB-Dataset="29197" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73cc6f7d-b3ec-40c5-adc7-52b9e0cbf236" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1452913" ID-ZooBank="93C84828-6EEF-4758-BEA1-97EEEF115245" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539087676732" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eiseman, Charles S. & Lonsdale, Owen" docDate="2018" docId="03D287EFFFB1E458A8E557804425FD11" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4479.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4479 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ophiomyia congregata Malloch" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFEBFF97FFA0E44AA872526F4103FFE1" masterDocTitle="New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698570476436" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="2FE3F61D71839A43BE1E63DFFD362067" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="23BC53B282FFDD3523936321FDDD6D49">
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<mods:title id="E8CDAC88F744E14FA7B5BBC157A203D4">New state and host records for Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the United States, with the description of thirty new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="18AAB2E140CD52BA530390DF5F677DD1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0A6EA0901682ACCAFFCE83AC6F3B3A40">Eiseman, Charles S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="07486FE88CF0F1C6B89BBDA173A9C997" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C3570E1F9CCD2BEAEDF2A5D22C3924A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="405DC1C3D78C5CF4D8D554CEB62DC250">Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:relatedItem id="7E5BA76E533950DD26CB9F4D255E57B9" type="host">
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<mods:title id="1D721B4ED1771292FB0A3716B56428CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="790BFEA71D4EF1CAA64C5AA8E7CFDE36">
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<mods:date id="315B1E9C475CE98B0C5FC8A6CC644BCD">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CA98B5B173A98A7D9553B044F15E38D7">2018-09-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B5B5F7DCC8E7E85C4613D81AEDF5BD81">4479</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DA2017C3C7406CC70C8CD21734938619" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="112AC9E278682057FC9DB46F158E6011">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="05BF0E626BE40B892310A6BE64880F7A" type="CLB-Dataset">29197</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CCFAC0C81BE81C981C65AD362DDAF464" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4479.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D287EFFFB1E458A8E557804425FD11" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5997650" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148663579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5997650" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287EFFFB1E458A8E557804425FD11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287EFFFB1E458A8E557804425FD11" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C3616572FFB1E45BA8E55780402DF9CA" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB1E45BA8E55780432FF9EB" blockId="17.[151,556,1519,1579]" box="[151,556,1519,1546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D08C8195FFB1E45BA8E55780432FF9EB" bold="true" box="[151,556,1519,1546]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB1E45BA8E55780432FF9EB" ID-CoL="49Y72" authority="(Malloch)" authorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,556,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Ophiomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregata">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB1E45BA8E55780432FF9EB" bold="true" box="[151,556,1519,1546]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB1E45BA8E5578040A8F9E8" bold="true" box="[151,427,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ophiomyia congregata</emphasis>
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(Malloch)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB1E45BA8E5547D402DF9CA" blockId="17.[151,556,1519,1579]" box="[151,302,1554,1579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13402A7CFFB1E45BA8ED547D4025F9CA" box="[159,294,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–96" captionStartId="110.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@110.[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURES 83–96. larval mines; 83: Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch) in Prenanthes altissima, spring leaf mine; 84: same, petiole mine; 85: same, autumn leaf mine; 86: O. coniceps (Malloch) leaf mine in Antennaria plantaginifolia; 87: O. euthamiae spec. nov. leaf mine in Euthamia graminifolia, upper surface, with puparium near leaf apex; 88: lower surface portion of same mine; 89: O. maura (Meigen) leaf mine in Solidago caesia; 90: same, lower surface portion with puparium; 91: O. mimuli spec. nov. stem mine in Mimulus ringens; 92: same, leaf mine; 93: same, puparium in leaf mine (on midrib); 94: O. nasuta (Melander) leaf mine in Taraxacum officinale; 95: O. parda spec. nov. leaf mine in Symphyotrichum laeve; 96: same, lower surface portion with puparium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452937/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 83–85</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3616572FFB1E45BA8E55435441EF95A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB1E45BA8E55435441EF95A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1626,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<materialsCitation id="3B133CA4FFB1E45BA8E554354531F976" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915273571" collectingDate="2016-05-31" collectingDateMax="2016-06-14" collectingDateMin="2016-05-31" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" county="Franklin Co." location="Northfield" municipality="Material" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CNC634787" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB1E45BA8E554354395F992" bold="true" box="[151,662,1626,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0AC83FFB1E45BA8E5543541FCF992" box="[151,255,1626,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material</collectingMunicipality>
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examined.
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<collectingRegion id="49BFF81BFFB1E45BA9E754354393F992" box="[405,656,1626,1651]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MASSACHUSETTS</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCounty id="62A54E75FFB1E45BAAD654354238F992" box="[676,827,1626,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Franklin Co.</collectingCounty>
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,
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<location id="8EA46022FFB1E45BAB3F543542C6F992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287EFFFB1E458A8E557804425FD11:8EA46022FFB1E45BAB3F543542C6F992" box="[845,965,1626,1651]" county="Franklin Co." municipality="Material" name="Northfield" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">Northfield</location>
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, 276
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<location id="8EA46022FFB1E45BAC7D543545DEF992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287EFFFB1E458A8E557804425FD11:8EA46022FFB1E45BAC7D543545DEF992" box="[1039,1245,1626,1651]" county="Franklin Co." municipality="Material" name="Old Wendell Rd." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">Old Wendell Rd.</location>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF81E9D1FFB1E45BAC9D54354463F992" box="[1263,1376,1626,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-05-31">
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<date id="FFC51039FFB1E45BAC9D54354463F992" box="[1263,1376,1626,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-05-31">31.v.2016</date>
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</collectingDate>
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, em.
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<collectingDate id="EF81E9D1FFB1E45BA8E554114012F976" box="[151,273,1662,1687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-06-14">
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<date id="FFC51039FFB1E45BA8E554114012F976" box="[151,273,1662,1687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-06-14">14.vi.2016</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName id="268E532FFFB1E45BA96F541040B4F976" box="[285,439,1662,1687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
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, ex
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB1E45BA996541143CCF976" box="[484,719,1662,1687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Prenanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB1E45BA996541143CCF976" box="[484,719,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prenanthes altissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, #CSE2577,
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<specimenCode id="DBDD9E82FFB1E45BAB17541142F0F976" box="[869,1011,1662,1687]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CNC634787</specimenCode>
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||
(
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<specimenCount id="9D7DFD70FFB1E45BAC7654104524F976" box="[1028,1063,1663,1687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B133CA4FFB1E45BAC4C5410441BF95A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915273546" collectingDate="2016-05-14" collectingDateMax="2016-06-26" collectingDateMin="2016-05-14" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="C. S. Eiseman" location="Old Wendell Rd." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="CNC654088-654094" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">
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||
near 276
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||
<location id="8EA46022FFB1E45BACD554114465F976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287EFFFB1E458A8E557804425FD11:8EA46022FFB1E45BACD554114465F976" box="[1191,1382,1662,1687]" name="Old Wendell Rd." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="MASSACHUSETTS">Old Wendell Rd.</location>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingDate id="EF81E9D1FFB1E45BAD0054104004F95A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-05-14" valueMax="2016-05-26" valueMin="2016-05-14">
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||
<date id="FFC51039FFB1E45BAD0054104004F95A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-05-14" valueMax="2016-05-26" valueMin="2016-05-14">14– 26.v.2016</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
, em.
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||
<collectingDate id="EF81E9D1FFB1E45BA93154CD40D9F95A" box="[323,474,1698,1723]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-06-04" valueMax="2016-06-26" valueMin="2016-06-04">
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||
<date id="FFC51039FFB1E45BA93154CD40D9F95A" box="[323,474,1698,1723]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2016-06-04" valueMax="2016-06-26" valueMin="2016-06-04">4–26.vi.2016</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
,
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<collectorName id="268E532FFFB1E45BA99754CC437CF95A" box="[485,639,1698,1723]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C.S. Eiseman</collectorName>
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, ex
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB1E45BAADE54CD4228F95A" box="[684,811,1698,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Prenanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB1E45BAADE54CD4228F95A" box="[684,811,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prenanthes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, #CSE2543,
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<specimenCode id="DBDD9E82FFB1E45BABB254CD45ACF95A" box="[960,1199,1698,1723]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CNC654088–654094</specimenCode>
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||
(
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||
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD70FFB1E45BACCD54CC45E0F95A" box="[1215,1251,1699,1723]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD70FFB1E45BAC9854CC440DF95A" box="[1258,1294,1699,1723]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3616572FFB1E45BA8B554A9459FF83A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB1E45BA8B554A943ACF93F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1626,2011]" box="[199,687,1734,1759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB1E45BA8B554A94005F93E" bold="true" box="[199,262,1734,1759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Host.</emphasis>
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||
*
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB1E45BA96A54A84099F93E" box="[280,410,1735,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB1E45BA9D654A943ACF93F" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[420,687,1734,1759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Prenanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
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||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB1E45BA9D654A9438CF93E" box="[420,655,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prenanthes altissima</emphasis>
|
||
L.
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB1E45BA8B55485459FF83A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1626,2011]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB1E45BA8B55485404BF8E2" bold="true" box="[199,328,1770,1795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Leaf mine.</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13402A7CFFB1E45BA92B548540E2F8E2" box="[345,481,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–96" captionStartId="110.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@110.[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURES 83–96. larval mines; 83: Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch) in Prenanthes altissima, spring leaf mine; 84: same, petiole mine; 85: same, autumn leaf mine; 86: O. coniceps (Malloch) leaf mine in Antennaria plantaginifolia; 87: O. euthamiae spec. nov. leaf mine in Euthamia graminifolia, upper surface, with puparium near leaf apex; 88: lower surface portion of same mine; 89: O. maura (Meigen) leaf mine in Solidago caesia; 90: same, lower surface portion with puparium; 91: O. mimuli spec. nov. stem mine in Mimulus ringens; 92: same, leaf mine; 93: same, puparium in leaf mine (on midrib); 94: O. nasuta (Melander) leaf mine in Taraxacum officinale; 95: O. parda spec. nov. leaf mine in Symphyotrichum laeve; 96: same, lower surface portion with puparium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452937/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 83–85</figureCitation>
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) In summer and autumn, young larvae produce narrow, whitish, linear mines in the leaf blade, which appear fragmented because they undulate between the upper and lower leaf surface (
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<figureCitation id="13402A7CFFB1E45BAD4B5561448CF8C6" box="[1337,1423,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–96" captionStartId="110.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@110.[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURES 83–96. larval mines; 83: Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch) in Prenanthes altissima, spring leaf mine; 84: same, petiole mine; 85: same, autumn leaf mine; 86: O. coniceps (Malloch) leaf mine in Antennaria plantaginifolia; 87: O. euthamiae spec. nov. leaf mine in Euthamia graminifolia, upper surface, with puparium near leaf apex; 88: lower surface portion of same mine; 89: O. maura (Meigen) leaf mine in Solidago caesia; 90: same, lower surface portion with puparium; 91: O. mimuli spec. nov. stem mine in Mimulus ringens; 92: same, leaf mine; 93: same, puparium in leaf mine (on midrib); 94: O. nasuta (Melander) leaf mine in Taraxacum officinale; 95: O. parda spec. nov. leaf mine in Symphyotrichum laeve; 96: same, lower surface portion with puparium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452937/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
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). Eventually, the larvae descend into the petiole and apparently overwinter in the crown of the host plant. In spring, they resume feeding in the new leaves, mining primarily up and down the petiole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A7CFFB1E45BAC5E5539457EF88E" box="[1068,1149,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–96" captionStartId="110.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@110.[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURES 83–96. larval mines; 83: Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch) in Prenanthes altissima, spring leaf mine; 84: same, petiole mine; 85: same, autumn leaf mine; 86: O. coniceps (Malloch) leaf mine in Antennaria plantaginifolia; 87: O. euthamiae spec. nov. leaf mine in Euthamia graminifolia, upper surface, with puparium near leaf apex; 88: lower surface portion of same mine; 89: O. maura (Meigen) leaf mine in Solidago caesia; 90: same, lower surface portion with puparium; 91: O. mimuli spec. nov. stem mine in Mimulus ringens; 92: same, leaf mine; 93: same, puparium in leaf mine (on midrib); 94: O. nasuta (Melander) leaf mine in Taraxacum officinale; 95: O. parda spec. nov. leaf mine in Symphyotrichum laeve; 96: same, lower surface portion with puparium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452937/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
|
||
) but occasionally making excursions along the midrib and lateral veins on either leaf surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A7CFFB1E45BABFA551542D8F872" box="[904,987,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 83–96" captionStartId="110.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@110.[151,1437,193,1639]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURES 83–96. larval mines; 83: Ophiomyia congregata (Malloch) in Prenanthes altissima, spring leaf mine; 84: same, petiole mine; 85: same, autumn leaf mine; 86: O. coniceps (Malloch) leaf mine in Antennaria plantaginifolia; 87: O. euthamiae spec. nov. leaf mine in Euthamia graminifolia, upper surface, with puparium near leaf apex; 88: lower surface portion of same mine; 89: O. maura (Meigen) leaf mine in Solidago caesia; 90: same, lower surface portion with puparium; 91: O. mimuli spec. nov. stem mine in Mimulus ringens; 92: same, leaf mine; 93: same, puparium in leaf mine (on midrib); 94: O. nasuta (Melander) leaf mine in Taraxacum officinale; 95: O. parda spec. nov. leaf mine in Symphyotrichum laeve; 96: same, lower surface portion with puparium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452937/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
|
||
). The most extensively mined leaf blade we observed was attached to an unusually short petiole, just
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B1CFFB1E45BAB3455F0427DF857" box="[838,894,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. Brown, liquidy frass is deposited in spots and long trails within the petiole; mines in the leaf blade typically appear clean and whitish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3616572FFB2E458A8B552F840AEFEFC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB2E458A8B552F840AEFEFC" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB2E458A8B552F8404BFF51" bold="true" box="[199,328,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Puparium.</emphasis>
|
||
Whitish; formed in the petiole (one found in a vein at the base of the leaf blade). The puparium is often externally visible, either with the anterior spiracles protruding through the epidermis or behind a thin “window” of transparent epidermis; however, some are formed deeper within the petiole and can only be detected with bright backlighting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3616572FFB2E458A8B553484227FEA1" box="[199,804,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB2E458A8B553484227FEA1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,804,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB2E458A8B553484063FEA1" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7669FFB2E458A915534740A0FEA1" box="[359,419,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: AZ, CO, *MA;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7669FFB2E458AA12534843BBFEA1" box="[608,696,295,320]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
: AB, BC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3616572FFB2E458A8B553234425FD11" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB2E458A8B55323445BFE69" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB2E458A8B55323404CFE84" bold="true" box="[199,335,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB2E458A92E532340D8FE84" box="[348,475,332,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Prenanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB2E458A92E532340D8FE84" box="[348,475,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prenanthes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from neither
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF81BFFB2E458AB6453234273FE84" box="[790,880,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
(the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C0885BFFB2E458ABC5532242E4FE84" box="[951,999,333,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality) nor either of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF81BFFB2E458AD415323449FFE84" box="[1331,1436,332,357]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
counties where this fly has been found (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B08FFB2E458AA26531F423FFE69" box="[596,828,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref104208" refString="USDA, NRCS (2016 - 2017) The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC. Available from: http: // plants. usda. gov (accessed 18 April 2016 - 22 April 2017)" type="book chapter">USDA, NRCS 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so clearly other hosts remain to be discovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436F9FFB2E458A8B553FA4425FD11" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
We pieced together the life cycle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB2E458AA1B53FB426FFE4D" baseAuthorityName="Malloch" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[617,876,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Agromyzidae" genus="Ophiomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="congregata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB2E458AA1B53FB426FFE4D" box="[617,876,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiomyia congregata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after first finding a leaf mine with an associated puparium (which proved to be parasitized), in Heath, Franklin Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF81BFFB2E458ABB253D84561FE31" box="[960,1122,439,464]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFC51039FFB2E458ACE553D74439FE31" box="[1175,1338,439,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2015-05-27">27 May 2015</date>
|
||
. At two locations in northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF81BFFB2E458A9F553B240E4FE15" box="[391,487,477,500]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFC51039FFB2E458AA6153B343FCFE14" box="[531,767,476,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2015-09-05" valueMax="2015-09-06" valueMin="2015-09-05">5–6 September 2015</date>
|
||
, we collected young mines (on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB2E458AC1653B34453FE14" box="[1124,1360,476,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Prenanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB2E458AC1653B34453FE14" box="[1124,1360,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prenanthes altissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D7AFFB2E458ADF553B240CBFDF9" authority="(Cass.) Fernald" authorityName="(Cass.) Fernald" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Prenanthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifoliolata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAEBFFB2E458ADF553B24012FDF9" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. trifoliolata</emphasis>
|
||
(Cass.) Fernald
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and when immature larvae began to vacate the leaves on
|
||
<date id="FFC51039FFB2E458AC17506F4400FDF9" box="[1125,1283,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1921-09">21 September</date>
|
||
, we surmised that this species overwinters in the plant before completing development. One of our reared series came from individual plants on which we had first noted leaf mines on
|
||
<date id="FFC51039FFB2E458AB255027450DFD81" box="[855,1038,583,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2015-10-07">7 October 2015</date>
|
||
, then monitored in spring for new feeding activity. Fresh mines in the blades were first observed on
|
||
<date id="FFC51039FFB2E458ABF1500342DFFD64" box="[899,988,620,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1926-05">26 May</date>
|
||
, but by this time the larvae had already fed extensively in the petioles. The last larva was observed on
|
||
<date id="FFC51039FFB2E458AB0750FF42D1FD49" box="[885,978,656,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1930-05">30 May</date>
|
||
; it had pupariated by the next day. The earliest date we have seen mines of young larvae at this locality is
|
||
<date id="FFC51039FFB2E458ABE550DB450EFD2D" box="[919,1037,692,716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1923-08">23 August</date>
|
||
(2016); we found similar mines in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF81BFFB2E458A8E550B841CCFD11" box="[151,207,727,752]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFC51039FFB2E458A88B50B840A2FD11" box="[249,417,727,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2016-08-06">6 August 2016</date>
|
||
, and others were photographed in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF81BFFB2E458AB5050B74259FD0E" box="[802,858,728,751]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
on the same date (van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B08FFB2E458ACF550B84419FD11" box="[1159,1306,727,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref101901" refString="Linden, J. van der. (2016) Herbivory on Prenanthes sp. Available from: http: // bugguide. net / node / view / 1319177 (accessed 29 April 2017)" type="url">Linden 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |