285 lines
31 KiB
XML
285 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="32F589CE4EC903539DAB289F6FB41D60">An overview of the shallow-water calcified hydroids from Brazil (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria), including the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="56D853DCE1A0BA10AD470B29E2968063">Amaral, Fernanda M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68A2344C3DBD19D8C3991B7C3C10BAB5">Steiner, Andrea Q.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C388BEA527C4EEB49E6DFA00F182796F">Broadhurst, Matt K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="473ABFA51E6E3C70A2431BEEA1FC3BB4">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="607D27327B79751DFE43A20D6B52BAED">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="32D825B1CD63CBAE04AC81DD0EB271EC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.184834</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D287D5FF9D27134A9BFD38461B7AE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5616254" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119382079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5616254" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287D5FF9D27134A9BFD38461B7AE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287D5FF9D27134A9BFD38461B7AE0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="C3616548FF9D27104A9BFD3842247BAE" box="[151,368,671,697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9D27104A9BFD3842247BAE" blockId="1.[151,368,671,697]" box="[151,368,671,697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="D08C81AFFF9D27104A9BFD3842247BAE" bold="true" box="[151,368,671,697]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104A9BFD3842247BAE" bold="true" box="[151,368,671,697]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104AC3FD3842247BAE" ID-CoL="7NJT7" box="[207,368,671,697]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Milleporidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3616548FF9D27134A9BFD4D461B7AE0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9D27104A9BFD4D42D67AB3" blockId="1.[151,1437,746,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104A9BFD4D42637A13" bold="true" box="[151,311,746,772]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104B33FD4D42E07A14" box="[319,436,746,771]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104B33FD4D42E07A14" box="[319,436,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Millepora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are abundant throughout the world’s tropical oceans and are a significant component of coral reefs, where they form large, conspicuous colonies (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9D2710496CFCB540A47A3B" author="Lewis" box="[864,1008,786,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" refString="Lewis, J. B. (1989) The ecology of Millepora: a review. Coral Reefs, 8, 99 - 107." type="journal article" year="1989">Lewis 1989</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7653FF9D27104E28FCB5473B7A3B" box="[1060,1135,786,812]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, as elsewhere in the tropics,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104ACBFC9D42687A44" box="[199,316,826,851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104ACBFC9D42687A44" box="[199,316,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Millepora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be easily found on coral reefs, beach rocks, and other similar habitats. They are an important constituent of Brazilian reefs and often occur in extensive colonies up to
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<quantity id="4C839B26FF9D27104E17FCC547137A6B" box="[1051,1095,866,892]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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in diameter, especially in the northeastern region.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9D27104AC9FC1542407DAB" blockId="1.[151,1437,746,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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Using a range of morphological characters, 112 colonies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104988FC1540AD7ADC" box="[900,1017,946,971]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104988FC1540AD7ADC" box="[900,1017,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Millepora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(collected at numerous locations in northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7653FF9D27104B23FC7D422C7AE3" box="[303,376,986,1012]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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) were recently identified as four species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9D2710496DFC7D47107AE3" author="Amaral" box="[865,1092,986,1012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" refString="Amaral, F. D., Broadhurst, M. K., Cairns, S. D. & Schlenz, E. (2002) Skeletal morphometry of Millepora occurring in Brazil, including a previously undescribed species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 681 - 695." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Amaral
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D271049CEFC7D40A87AE4" box="[962,1020,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
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2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104E54FC7D47A07AE4" box="[1112,1268,986,1011]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104E54FC7D47A07AE4" box="[1112,1268,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">M. alcicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104F0FFC7D43E27D0C" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104F0FFC7D43E27D0C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">M. braziliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104AC8FBA542647D0C" box="[196,304,1026,1051]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nitida">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104AC8FBA542647D0C" box="[196,304,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">M. nitida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104B65FBA542B87D0C" box="[361,492,1026,1052]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laboreli" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104B65FBA542D57D0C" box="[361,385,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104B9CFBA542B87D0C" box="[400,492,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">laboreli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57AAFF9D27104BFFFBA541627D0B" box="[499,566,1026,1052]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104BFFFBA541627D0B" bold="true" box="[499,566,1026,1052]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104830FBA5407A7D0C" box="[572,814,1026,1051]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104830FBA5407A7D0C" box="[572,814,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Millepora alcicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was identified at nine locations from Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro) to the Manuel Luiz Coral Banks (Maranhão) and was easily distinguished from its congeners. It is the only species in common with the Caribbean fauna (according to presently available studies). The remaining species seem to be endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7653FF9D2710483FFBDD412B7D83" box="[563,639,1146,1172]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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<figureCitation id="13402A46FF9D27104886FBDD41B97D83" box="[650,749,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1855,1879]" captionTargetBox="[529,1059,1271,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[529,1059,1271,1828]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of the Milleporidae from Brazil (map not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184835/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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shows the geographical distribution of the four species of
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104A9BFB0442407DAB" box="[151,276,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104A9BFB0442447DAB" box="[151,272,1187,1212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Millepora</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF04664BFF9D27104A9BF89847027E41" box="[151,1110,1855,1879]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184835/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[529,1059,1271,1794]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9D27104A9BF89847027E41" blockId="1.[151,1110,1855,1879]" box="[151,1110,1855,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104A9BF898424D7E40" bold="true" box="[151,281,1855,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Geographical distribution of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104870F89840527E41" box="[636,774,1855,1878]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Milleporidae</taxonomicName>
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from Brazil (map not to scale).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9D27134ACAF82342C57B16" blockId="1.[151,1436,1924,2025]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,850]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104ACAF823421A7E89" bold="true" box="[198,334,1924,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Synonyms.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9D27104B5BF823415E7E89" author="Laborel" box="[343,522,1924,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" refString="Laborel, J. (1970) Madreporaires et hydrocoralliaires recifaux gives cotes bresiliennes. Systematique, ecologie, repartition verticale et geographique. Resultates Scientifiques des Campagnes de la " Calypso ", 9, 171 - 229." type="journal article" year="1970">Laborel (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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admitted that Brazilian
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104921F82240F67E89" box="[813,930,1925,1950]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104921F82240F67E89" box="[813,930,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Millepora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had several synonym problems.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9D27104F23F82343B17ED3" author="Boschma" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" refString="Boschma, H. (1948) The species problem in Millepora. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 1, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1948">Boschma (1948)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104B69F80D41407ED4" box="[357,532,1962,1987]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104B69F80D41407ED4" box="[357,532,1962,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">M. braziliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104831F80D418E7ED4" box="[573,730,1962,1987]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104831F80D418E7ED4" box="[573,730,1962,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">M. alcicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, probably due to the varied shape of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104E98F80D46647ED4" box="[1172,1328,1962,1987]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104E98F80D46647ED4" box="[1172,1328,1962,1987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">M. alcicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(incrusting in agitated waters and ramified in calmer areas), while
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9D27104940F86840A87EFE" author="Laborel" box="[844,1020,1999,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" refString="Laborel, J. (1970) Madreporaires et hydrocoralliaires recifaux gives cotes bresiliennes. Systematique, ecologie, repartition verticale et geographique. Resultates Scientifiques des Campagnes de la " Calypso ", 9, 171 - 229." type="journal article" year="1970">Laborel (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
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observed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9D27104EA5F877460C7EFE" box="[1193,1368,2000,2025]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
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<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9D27104EA5F877460C7EFE" box="[1193,1368,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">M. braziliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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takes a honeycombed shape in wave-disturbed areas and a ramified, leaf-like form in the back-reef area, becoming similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134B1CFF1A429679C1" box="[272,450,189,214]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="complanata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134B1CFF1A429679C1" box="[272,450,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. complanata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134BF1FF1A41F779C1" box="[509,675,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134BF1FF1A41F479C1" box="[509,672,189,214]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="squarrosa">M. squarrosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In fact,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134904FF1A40F279C1" box="[776,934,189,214]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="squarrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134904FF1A40F279C1" box="[776,934,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. squarrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been cited for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7653FF9E27134E86FF1A478679C0" box="[1162,1234,189,215]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
based on studies using material from scientific collections:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9E2713489AFF45400879EB" author="Boschma" box="[662,860,226,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Boschma, H. (1962) On Milleporidae corals from Brazil. Proceedings, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 65, 302 - 313." type="journal article" year="1962">Boschma (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
affirmed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134E07FF4547FF79EC" box="[1035,1195,226,251]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="squarrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134E07FF4547FF79EC" box="[1035,1195,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. squarrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134EE7FF4546C879EC" box="[1259,1436,226,251]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134EE7FF4546C879EC" box="[1259,1436,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coexisted on the Brazilian coast, while de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9E27134895FEAF40107835" author="Weerdt" box="[665,836,264,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (1990) Discontinuous distribution of the tropical west Atlantic hydrocoral Millepora squarrosa. Beaufortia, 41, 195 - 203." type="journal article" year="1990">Weerdt (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that it might be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134F4CFEAF43A17851" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134F4CFEAF43A17851" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134B8EFE8A41757851" box="[386,545,301,326]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="squarrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134B8EFE8A41757851" box="[386,545,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. squarrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was never found again on the Brazilian coast or oceanic islands. Furthermore, despite having found no significant differences in gastropore and dactylopore diameter, a morphometrical study suggested that it is in fact a different species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E271349FCFEDF47CA7886" box="[1008,1182,376,401]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E271349FCFEDF47CA7886" box="[1008,1182,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Amaral 1997;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9E27134F55FEDF426F78A0" author="Amaral" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Amaral, F. D., Broadhurst, M. K., Cairns, S. D. & Schlenz, E. (2002) Skeletal morphometry of Millepora occurring in Brazil, including a previously undescribed species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 681 - 695." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Amaral
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134AB1FE3A43A478A1" box="[189,240,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because of overall differences in skeletal morphology. Yet, it is difficult to distinguish between the various species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134BACFE65414178CC" box="[416,533,450,475]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134BACFE65414178CC" box="[416,533,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Millepora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field, particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134933FE6540BA78CC" box="[831,1006,450,475]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134933FE6540BA78CC" box="[831,1006,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134E25FE65479378CC" box="[1065,1223,450,475]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="squarrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134E25FE65479378CC" box="[1065,1223,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. squarrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to their high phenotypic plasticity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9E27134AC9FDAA465E7B5B" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
To add to the synonym problems, de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9E27134876FDAA40707B30" author="Weerdt" box="[634,804,525,551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (1984) Taxonomic characters in Caribbean Millepora species (Hydrozoa, Coelenterata). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 54, 243 - 262." type="journal article" year="1984">Weerdt (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08861FF9E271349DBFDAA476A7B30" box="[983,1086,525,551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134E63FDAA46587B31" box="[1135,1292,525,550]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134E63FDAA46587B31" box="[1135,1292,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">M. alcicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown and is probably lost.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9E27134B80FD95411B7B5B" author="Boschma" box="[396,591,562,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Boschma, H. (1948) The species problem in Millepora. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 1, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1948">Boschma (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9E271348A6FD9540077B5B" author="Weerdt" box="[682,851,562,588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="de Weerdt, W. H. (1984) Taxonomic characters in Caribbean Millepora species (Hydrozoa, Coelenterata). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 54, 243 - 262." type="journal article" year="1984">Weerdt (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provide further details on synonyms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9E27134ACAFDF046657A45" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134ACAFDF042297B66" bold="true" box="[198,381,599,625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Morphometry.</emphasis>
|
||
Owing to their plasticity and lack of definitive morphological characters, in any study that seeks to identify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134B6DFDDA42827B81" box="[353,470,637,662]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134B6DFDDA42827B81" box="[353,470,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Millepora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it would seem appropriate to collect information on as many different characters as possible. Using this logic,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9E2713480FFD0540547BAB" box="[515,768,674,700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Amaral, F. D., Broadhurst, M. K., Cairns, S. D. & Schlenz, E. (2002) Skeletal morphometry of Millepora occurring in Brazil, including a previously undescribed species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 681 - 695." type="journal article">
|
||
Amaral
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E2713486BFD0541F27BAC" box="[615,678,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
measured more than 20 variables, which included the growth form and the height of colonies, along with the density and diameter of the dactylopores and gastropores. Data were analyzed and compared to earlier studies to successfully separate the different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134A9BFCB542587A3C" box="[151,268,786,811]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134A9BFCB542587A3C" box="[151,268,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Millepora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7653FF9E27134BA7FCB542A77A3B" box="[427,499,786,812]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B32FF9E2713480EFCB541B37A3B" author="Amaral" box="[514,743,786,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Amaral, F. D., Broadhurst, M. K., Cairns, S. D. & Schlenz, E. (2002) Skeletal morphometry of Millepora occurring in Brazil, including a previously undescribed species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 681 - 695." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Amaral
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134868FCB541CA7A3C" box="[612,670,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The key morphological characters used to distinguish the different species from their congenerics along with their general descriptions are summarized below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF04664BFF9E27134A9BFC2346137A8B" ID-Table-UUID="DF04664BFF9E27134A9BFC2346137A8B" box="[151,1351,900,924]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF04664BFF9E27134A9BFC2346137A8B" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[159,1426,1034,1988]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9E27134A9BFC2346137A8B" blockId="2.[151,1351,900,924]" box="[151,1351,900,924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134A9BFC23425C7A8B" bold="true" box="[151,264,900,924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Qualitative characters of the four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E2713487BFC2241B67A8B" box="[631,738,901,924]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E2713487BFC2241B67A8B" box="[631,738,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Millepora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that occur in Brazil, according to Amaral (1997).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9E27134A93FC1A466F7AC3" blockId="2.[159,1359,957,1015]" box="[159,1339,957,980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Character
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAD1FF9E27134B86FC1A466F7AC3" box="[394,1339,957,980]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134B86FC1A414D7AC3" box="[394,537,957,980]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alcicornis">M. alcicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E271348A4FC1A40137AC3" box="[680,839,957,980]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="braziliensis">M. braziliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E271349CDFC1A47767AC3" box="[961,1058,957,980]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nitida">M. nitida</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D40FF9E27134EC8FC1A466F7AC3" box="[1220,1339,957,980]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Milleporidae" genus="Millepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laboreli">M. laboreli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436C3FF9E27134B86FC47461B7AE0" blockId="2.[159,1359,957,1015]" box="[394,1359,992,1015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">(34 colonies) (45 colonies) (13 colonies) (11 colonies)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |