403 lines
56 KiB
XML
403 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="FC32B7E542687F76DBC319D3B6DB2D91" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181468" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4489b4fe-1d03-4396-bd74-84932c96794b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181468" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459833925649" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vila-Farré, Miquel, Mateos, Eduardo, Sluys, Ronald & Romero, Rafael" docDate="2008" docId="03D287BAFFFED31C85C7F8B4FD8CF967" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01739p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1739" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Microplana aixandrei Vila-Farré, Mateos, Sluys & Romero, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFEBFFC2FFFCD31A8550FF89FFEAFFAD" masterDocTitle="Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from the Iberian Peninsula: new records and description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698223232845" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C0D27408EA08FA634224B10497C1822F">
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<mods:title id="E502BB84097724A38119F982CBB875A7">Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from the Iberian Peninsula: new records and description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9B67F2738B6AE388791BE8EA65A50D09" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FCE4B490F42E74F92052BEC0BCA0A087">Vila-Farré, Miquel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F698F02220DE71AADE20BDA626934E31">Mateos, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA1962F44D6CB18397CF3B8EFF2EFFD3">Sluys, Ronald</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FBF3D6B4CF392B90B646DF80E131AA92">Romero, Rafael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A4D16493862BE5649704603DC42D1B39">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A99B2859C80FFABB05F943A7660DD349">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D8E12F6DFB5BB400F0AA14F82F78358A">
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<mods:date id="5E721FEEA1EA695592FE72C472EBF13D">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C74C995961B2D0E19FBDF7E33AA31E17" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0ACF176E180A9A7113E827C30C6AB348">1739</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B7EB266B8C811C428F99C4982BB4E61C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="882BC4A1FB7379341F39DF63FA78618D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181468</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C23D9BCACB64ACC87710039A22B198DB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D287BAFFFED31C85C7F8B4FD8CF967" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5695776" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119358409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5695776" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287BAFFFED31C85C7F8B4FD8CF967" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287BAFFFED31C85C7F8B4FD8CF967" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C3616527FFFED31885C7F8B4FDEEF8FA" box="[151,516,1853,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFED31885C7F8B4FDEEF8FA" blockId="2.[151,516,1853,1879]" box="[151,516,1853,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D08C81C0FFFED31885C7F8B4FDEEF8FA" bold="true" box="[151,516,1853,1879]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFED31885C7F8B4FDEEF8FA" bold="true" box="[151,516,1853,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFED31885C7F8B4FE75F8FA" box="[151,415,1853,1879]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFED31885C7F8B4FE75F8FA" bold="true" box="[151,415,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microplana aixandrei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C5FFFED31884F7F8B4FDEEF8FA" box="[423,516,1853,1879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3616527FFFED31885C7F80EFAA3F85F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFED31885C7F80EFAA4F867" blockId="2.[151,1436,1927,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFED31885C7F80EFEE1F80C" bold="true" box="[151,267,1927,1953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C0880EFFFED3188445F801FE6FF80F" box="[277,389,1928,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED6AAE69FFFED31884C3F801FE0FF80F" box="[403,485,1928,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">CRBA</collectionCode>
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435, Llano del Berral (lat. 36.75428, long. -5.45399; alt. approx.
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<quantity id="4C839B49FFFED31881A8F801FAAFF80F" box="[1272,1349,1928,1954]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.57" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="657.0">657 m</quantity>
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) in the central sector of the Sierra de Grazalema, Cádiz (
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<collectingCountry id="F36C763CFFFED3188787F839FCF5F867" box="[727,799,1968,1994]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spain</collectingCountry>
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),
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<date id="FFC5106CFFFED3188664F839FBEDF867" box="[820,1031,1968,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-12-05">5 December 2004</date>
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, sagittal sections on 1 slide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFED31885C7F851FAA3F85F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1927,2034]" box="[151,1353,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="54C0880EFFFED31885C7F851FEE4F85F" box="[151,270,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED6AAE69FFFED3188448F851FE80F85F" box="[280,362,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">CRBA</collectionCode>
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436, ibid., sagittal section on 1 slide;
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<collectionCode id="ED6AAE69FFFED318864EF851FC9AF85F" box="[798,880,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">CRBA</collectionCode>
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437, ibid., horizontal sections on 1 slide.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3616527FFFFD3198596FF1EFEF6FD8A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198596FF1EFB19FE3F" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFFD3198596FF1EFEACFF1C" bold="true" box="[198,326,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFFD319841EFF11FDA4FF1C" box="[334,590,152,177]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFFD319841EFF11FDA4FF1C" box="[334,590,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Microplana aixandrei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C5FFFFD3198705FF11FD5BFF1F" box="[597,689,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be distinguished from its congeners by its small size (up to
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<quantity id="4C839B49FFFFD31985C7FF34FF00FF7A" box="[151,234,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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long), cylindrical body tapering anteriorly to a blunt point, bluntly pointed tail, and hyaline body surface. Regarding anatomical features, the species differs from its congeners in the following features: presence of two ventral testes on either side of the body; spherical penis bulb provided with a strong musculature and a distinct bulbar lumen; short and vertically oriented penis papilla; atrium divided in a cup-shaped cavity and a tubular distal cavity; wide and obliquely orientated bursal canal with a sphincter at its proximal end; a copulatory bursa without genito-intestinal connections; use of spermatophore in the transfer of sperm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198596FE14FEF6FD8A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFFD3198596FE14FDEFFE1A" bold="true" box="[198,517,413,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
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The species is known only from the
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<typeStatus id="54C0880EFFFFD31986EFFE14FC1BFE1A" box="[959,1009,413,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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locality. In contrast to other Iberian terrestrial planarians,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFFD31984C5FE4BFDC1FE76" box="[405,555,450,475]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFFD31984C5FE4BFDC1FE76" box="[405,555,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be considered a relatively common species of the soil fauna at the
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<typeStatus id="54C0880EFFFFD3198039FE4BFA76FE71" box="[1385,1436,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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locality. During mating the sperm is transferred to the copulatory bursa of the partner aggregated in a spermatophore.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3616527FFFFD3198596FDBBFB9EFDDF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198596FDBBFB9EFDDF" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFFD3198596FDBBFEB9FDE1" bold="true" box="[198,339,562,588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is based on the nickname of Vila’s grandfather, Miquel Farré Servent, who lived in a house known as “casa l’Aixandre” in his hometown Salàs del Pallars.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3616527FFFFD31F8596FDF4FBE8FA27" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198596FDF4FE2DFCF2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFFD3198596FDF4FEB4FD3A" bold="true" box="[198,350,637,663]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</emphasis>
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The living, sexually mature specimen measured
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<quantity id="4C839B49FFFFD31986EDFDF4FBFEFD3A" box="[957,1044,637,663]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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in length and about
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<quantity id="4C839B49FFFFD319804BFDF4FA90FD3A" box="[1307,1402,637,663]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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in width, in elongated state (
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<figureCitation id="13402A29FFFFD319849FFD2CFDF2FD12" box="[463,536,677,703]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A). The cylindrical body tapers anteriorly to a blunt point; tail also bluntly pointed. The body surface is hyaline and therefore the species appears white in colour due to the content of the intestine. The anterior and posterior ends, where the intestine is absent, are transparent. The ventral surface is hyaline. The hyaline colouration and the tiny size of the preserved specimens prevented us to adequately observe the creeping sole.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198596FCE4FE5DFC7A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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The two small eyes (eye cup diameter 11 µm in sections) are located at a short distance in front of the brain (
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<figureCitation id="13402A29FFFFD31985B3FC1CFEC0FC02" box="[227,298,917,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B). In living and preserved specimens the eyes are only clearly visible under observation through a dissecting microscope.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198596FC6CFD94FB32" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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The anterior body region is filled with vacuolated parenchymal tissue (
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<figureCitation id="13402A29FFFFD31986AFFC6CFBAFFC52" box="[1023,1093,997,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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B, C) that is reduced between the eyes. This region with vacuolated tissue extends backwards to the level of the testes. The adjacent ventral epidermis is also vacuolated and thick (about 25–30 µm in longitudinal sections while approximately 18 µm in the adjacent non-vacuolated ventral and dorsal epidermis); this vacuolated part of the epidermis (
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<figureCitation id="13402A29FFFFD3198068FBD4FA95FBDA" box="[1336,1407,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C) extends to almost the level of the ovaries.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198596FB24FEF5FA92" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The subepidermal longitudinal fibres of the body musculature are weak. In the ventral body region numerous longitudinal fibres are distributed in two parenchymal bands, which are especially strong over and under the ventral nerve cords. The scarce dorsal longitudinal parenchymal fibres are very weak and apparently discontinuous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198596FAC4FF2EF962" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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The cylindrical pharynx is about one-eighth of the body-length (
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<quantity id="4C839B49FFFFD3198695FAC4FBCEFACA" box="[965,1060,1357,1383]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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) and is situated in the posterior third of the animal, in an almost horizontal position. The outer epithelium, which is ciliated only at the posterior part of the pharynx, is underlain by a layer of longitudinal muscles, followed by a layer of circular muscles (
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<figureCitation id="13402A29FFFFD3198584FA4CFEDBFA72" box="[212,305,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[483,1104,580,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[483,1104,554,1903]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Diagrammatic transverse section through the pharynx of Microplana aixandrei showing the arrangement of the rows of longitudinal and circular muscles. B. Microplana grazalemica. Living animal. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181471/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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), intermingled with some additional longitudinal fibres (not represented in
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<figureCitation id="13402A29FFFFD31981CFFA4CFB16FA72" box="[1183,1276,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[483,1104,580,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[483,1104,554,1903]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. A. Diagrammatic transverse section through the pharynx of Microplana aixandrei showing the arrangement of the rows of longitudinal and circular muscles. B. Microplana grazalemica. Living animal. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181471/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Close to the dorsal insertion of the pharynx, the inner epithelium is underlain by a thin layer of circular muscles that becomes thicker at the posterior end of the pharynx. At the tip of the pharynx this circular layer narrows again before reaching the lumen. This circular layer is followed by a thick layer of longitudinal muscles. The mouth is situated at the posterior portion of the pharyngeal pocket, close to the hind wall of the pharyngeal pouch. In specimen CRBA435 the mouth is situated at
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B49FFFFD31987FAF904FCF9F90A" box="[682,787,1677,1703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.63">1.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the tip of the body and
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B49FFFFD319813CF904FB3FF90A" box="[1132,1237,1677,1703]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the gonopore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFFD3198595F954FF04F8C2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">There are two pairs of ventrally located, oblong testes follicles, occupying about one-fourth of the dorsoventral diameter in the prepharyngeal part of the body. The testes are located in the posterior third of the anterior body region. In specimen CRBA435 there is an additional immature third testis situated on one side of the animal.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF046624FFF8D31E85C7F8F7FD19F876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF8D31E85C7F8F7FD19F876" blockId="4.[151,1436,1918,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF8D31E85C7F8F7FEF8F83B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1918,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF8D31E844FF8F6FDEDF83B" box="[287,519,1919,1942]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF8D31E844FF8F6FDEDF83B" box="[287,519,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microplana aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Holotype. CRBA435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D–E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595FF11FD6BFE67" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The strongly muscular, spherical penis bulb is covered with intermingled longitudinal and circular muscle fibres and is provided with a well-developed bulbar lumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A29FFF9D31F8634FF49FC47FF77" box="[868,941,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D). This bulbar lumen tapers gradually to form an ejaculatory duct that opens at the tip of the penis papilla. The bulbar lumen and ejaculatory duct are lined with a nucleated epithelium that is underlain with a layer of circular muscle fibres. At the level of the posterior section of the pharyngeal pocket the thin vasa deferentia (diameter about 6 μm at the mid-level of the pharyngeal pocket) enlarge to form spermiducal vesicles, which narrow before entering the penis bulb. After having penetrated the penis bulb, the vasa deferentia increase in diameter, subsequently opening separately into the dorsal part of the seminal vesicle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595FE51FF08FDEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The vertically oriented penis papilla is short and conical. The papilla is covered with a thin, nucleated epithelium that is underlain with a thick, subepithelial layer of circular muscle bound by a layer of longitudinal fibres.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595FDD9FCE7FD17" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The atrium consists of a dorsal cup-shaped cavity and a distal tubular part. The lining epithelium of the atrium is underlain with a subepithelial circular muscle layer, thickened at the posterior wall of the tubular part, followed by a thin layer of longitudinal muscles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595FD41FE3FFC2F" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">The ovaries are situated immediately above the ventral nerve cords. They lie at about one-third of the distance between the anterior end of the body and the root of the pharynx, occupying about one–fifth of the dorso-ventral diameter. The oviducts arise from the ventral side of the ovaries. In running backwards, the ducts follow the course of the ventral nerve cords. Behind the gonopore the ducts turn dorsally and open separately into the bursal canal.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595FC19FA9EFC57" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The copulatory bursa is an irregular sac-shaped structure, lined with tall vacuolated cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A29FFF9D31F81A4FC19FAD6FC07" box="[1268,1340,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Several muscle fibres traverse in dorso-ventral direction the parenchyma between the posterior wall of the copulatory bursa and the adjacent intestinal branch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A29FFF9D31F87FCFC69FD19FC57" box="[684,755,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). The copulatory bursa is not connected with the gut.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595FB81FCF0FB6F" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
All three of the animals examined had in their copulatory bursa remnants of an irregular structure (
|
||
<date id="FFC5106CFFF9D31F8001FB81FA76FB8F" box="[1361,1436,1032,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1937-10-21">37x21</date>
|
||
µm in specimen CRBA435) formed by a blue homogeneous substance partially enveloped by a thin, brown layer, most likely of sclerotic nature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A29FFF9D31F870DFBD1FD4CFBDF" box="[605,678,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). We have not found the origin of this substance in penial or atrial glands, but the colour and texture resemble the wall of a cocoon capsule. The location and nature of this structure suggest that it forms part of a spermatophore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595FB59FBE8FA27" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The wide bursal canal, which receives the opening of the shell glands at the same level as it receives the oviducts, is lined with nucleated cells. The distal section of the oviducts, just before communicating with the bursal canal, also receives the secretion of the shell glands. The bursal canal is surrounded by a subepithelial layer of circular muscles and some scattered longitudinal muscles fibres. A sphincter, consisting of circular muscle fibres, surrounds the proximal section of the bursal canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A29FFF9D31F86CBFAF9FC08FA27" box="[923,994,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[223,1379,188,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[223,1380,188,1889]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Microplana aixandrei. Holotype. CRBA 435. A. Living animal. B. Sagittal section through the head. C. Sagittal section through front end. D – E. Sagittal sections of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left. F. Sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus; anterior to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3616527FFF9D31C8596FA1EFD66FF77" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8596FA1EFC7AF9AF" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F8596FA1EFEBBFA1C" bold="true" box="[198,337,1431,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the approximately 19 species of native land planarians known from Europe, three of which are newly reported in the present paper,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F87EBFA49FCBBFA74" box="[699,849,1472,1497]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F87EBFA49FCBBFA74" box="[699,849,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stands apart from the other species by a combination of external features and the anatomy of its genital apparatus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595F999FBD6F90F" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
A hyaline body colouration is also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F879EF999FBC0F987" authority="Vedjovsky, 1890" authorityName="Vedjovsky" authorityYear="1890" box="[718,1066,1552,1578]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="humicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F879EF999FCB1F984" box="[718,859,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M humicola</emphasis>
|
||
Vedjovsky, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this species shows a greenish anterior end, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F876EF9B1FD3EF9FC" box="[574,724,1592,1617]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F876EF9B1FD3EF9FC" box="[574,724,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regarding anatomical features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F8108F9B1FB06F9FC" box="[1112,1260,1592,1617]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="humicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F8108F9B1FB06F9FC" box="[1112,1260,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. humicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has dorsal testes and a genito-intestinal duct, while a copulatory bursa is absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFF9D31F86F5F9E9FB82F9D7" author="Schneider" box="[933,1128,1632,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" refString="Schneider, F. W. (1935) Zur Anatomie und systematischen Stellung von " Microplana " humicola (VEJD.). Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 62, 179 - 194." type="journal article" year="1935">Schneider, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F8056F9E9FA76F9D4" box="[1286,1436,1632,1657]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F8056F9E9FA76F9D4" box="[1286,1436,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents ventral testes and a copulatory bursa, but lacks a genito-intestinal duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31F8595F939FBB2F95F" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
A copulatory bursa that is devoid of any connection with the intestine occurs also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F81F6F939FF3EF95F" authority="Minelli, 1977" authorityName="Minelli" authorityYear="1977" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F81F6F939FADDF964" box="[1190,1335,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. mahnerti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFF9D31F806EF939FF3EF95F" author="Minelli" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Minelli, A. (1977) A taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bollettino di Zoologia, 44, 399 - 419." type="journal article" year="1977">Minelli, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F85B0F951FDDEF95F" authority="Freisling, 1935" authorityName="Freisling" authorityYear="1935" box="[224,564,1752,1778]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="styriaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F85B0F951FE8FF95C" box="[224,357,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. styriaca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFF9D31F8425F951FDC1F95F" author="Freisling" box="[373,555,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Freisling, J. (1935) Uber Rhynchodemiden (Turbellaria, Tricladida Terricola) der Gattung Rhynchodemus Leidy und Artiocotylus Graff und ihre weiblichen Geschlechtsgange. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Steiermark, 75, 5 - 22." type="journal article" year="1935">Freisling, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F8722F951FCC0F95C" box="[626,810,1752,1777]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grazalemica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F8722F951FCC0F95C" box="[626,810,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. grazalemica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C5FFF9D31F8661F951FC66F95F" box="[817,908,1752,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFF9D31C8595F889FD66FF77" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,1738]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F8595F889FE2BF8B4" box="[197,449,1792,1817]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F8595F889FE2BF8B4" box="[197,449,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Microplana mahnerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows about twenty testes on each side of the body and an elongated penis papilla. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F8471F8A1FE5CF8EC" box="[289,438,1832,1857]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F8471F8A1FE5CF8EC" box="[289,438,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows two testes on each side of the body and a short and conical penis papilla. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F802CF8A1FEEBF8C4" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F802CF8A1FEEBF8C4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. mahnerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the bursal canal runs from the wall of the atrium parallel to the body surface and the oviducts open at its distal section. A sphincter is absent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFF9D31F87D5F8F1FCC5F83F" author="Minelli" box="[645,815,1912,1938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="19" refString="Minelli, A. (1977) A taxonomic review of the terrestrial planarians of Europe. Bollettino di Zoologia, 44, 399 - 419." type="journal article" year="1977">Minelli, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F86ADF8F1FB7DF83C" box="[1021,1175,1912,1937]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F86ADF8F1FB7DF83C" box="[1021,1175,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the bursal canal is a obliquely running structure that receives the oviducts at its central region, while a sphincter is present in the proximal section of the canal. With respect to external features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFF9D31F86D1F841FBF8F84C" box="[897,1042,1992,2017]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFF9D31F86D1F841FBF8F84C" box="[897,1042,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. mahnerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a grey colouration and big size (
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B49FFFAD31C8586FF11FEC0FF1F" box="[214,298,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens), contrasting with the hyaline colouration and reduced size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C8079FF11FF2FFF74" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C8079FF11FF2FFF74" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(about
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B49FFFAD31C844EFF49FE88FF77" box="[286,354,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3616527FFFAD31C8595FF61FCCCFD14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFAD31C8595FF61FB5EFE0F" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C85B6FF61FDD3FEAF" authority="Freisling, 1935" authorityName="Freisling" authorityYear="1935" box="[230,569,232,258]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="styriaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C85B6FF61FE86FEAC" box="[230,364,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. styriaca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C842CFF61FDDBFEAF" author="Freisling" box="[380,561,232,258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Freisling, J. (1935) Uber Rhynchodemiden (Turbellaria, Tricladida Terricola) der Gattung Rhynchodemus Leidy und Artiocotylus Graff und ihre weiblichen Geschlechtsgange. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Steiermark, 75, 5 - 22." type="journal article" year="1935">Freisling, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
an expanded bulbar lumen is absent, while the penis bulb and papilla are elongated. In contrast, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C8493FE99FDB0FE84" box="[451,602,272,297]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C8493FE99FDB0FE84" box="[451,602,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a distinct bulbar lumen is present, while the penis bulb is rounded and the penis papilla is short and conical. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C872EFEB1FCECFEFC" box="[638,774,312,337]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="styriaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C872EFEB1FCECFEFC" box="[638,774,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. styriaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the oviducts form a short common oviduct before they enter the bursal canal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C84CFFEE9FDBFFED7" author="Freisling" box="[415,597,352,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Freisling, J. (1935) Uber Rhynchodemiden (Turbellaria, Tricladida Terricola) der Gattung Rhynchodemus Leidy und Artiocotylus Graff und ihre weiblichen Geschlechtsgange. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins fur Steiermark, 75, 5 - 22." type="journal article" year="1935">Freisling, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), contrasting with the oviducts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C86B1FEE9FB9DFED4" box="[993,1143,352,377]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C86B1FEE9FB9DFED4" box="[993,1143,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that open separately into the bursal canal. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C84AEFE01FD96FE0C" box="[510,636,392,417]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="styriaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C84AEFE01FD96FE0C" box="[510,636,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M styriaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dark-brown, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C86CDFE01FBDEFE0C" box="[925,1076,392,417]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C86CDFE01FBDEFE0C" box="[925,1076,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hyaline.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFAD31C8595FE39FCCCFD14" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C84C6FE39FDBAFE64" box="[406,592,432,457]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grazalemica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C84C6FE39FDBAFE64" box="[406,592,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. grazalemica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C5FFFAD31C870AFE39FD5DFE67" box="[602,695,432,458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is not hyaline, contrasting with the hyaline colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C802CFE39FEECFE5C" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C802CFE39FEECFE5C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With respect to anatomical features,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C8798FE51FC6BFE5C" box="[712,897,472,497]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grazalemica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C8798FE51FC6BFE5C" box="[712,897,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. grazalemica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses about 15 testes on each side of the body, in contrast to the two pairs present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C87CEFD89FCDFFDB4" box="[670,821,512,537]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C87CEFD89FCDFFDB4" box="[670,821,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The presence of a spermatophore in the copulatory bursa of the three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C8758FDA1FD77FDEC" box="[520,669,552,577]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C8758FDA1FD77FDEC" box="[520,669,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests that the animals are adult worms and not juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C802CFDA1FEC2FDC4" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grazalemica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C802CFDA1FEC2FDC4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. grazalemica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C5FFFAD31C8462FDD9FE65FDC7" box="[306,399,592,618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The use of spermatophores represents a unique feature of this species, not previously recorded in any species of the Microplaninae. A vacuolated parenchymal tissue in the anterior part of the body is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C8472FD29FE30FD14" box="[290,474,672,697]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="grazalemica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C8472FD29FE30FD14" box="[290,474,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. grazalemica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but present in
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C87D8FD29FCCCFD14" box="[648,806,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C87D8FD29FCC8FD14" box="[648,802,672,697]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">M. aixandrei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3616527FFFAD31C8595FD41FD8CF967" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFAD31C8595FD41FCD2FCF7" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
There are various explanations for the vacuolation of the epidermis and parenchyma observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C8016FD41FF08FCA4" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C8016FD41FF08FCA4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: vacuolation as an artefact of tissue fixation, processing and subsequent histological preparative treatment, apparent vacuolation due to the chromophobicity of the contents of the vacuoles, normally vacuolated planarian tissues, or vacuolation due to a disease process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFAD31C8595FCE1FA99FB8F" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
A heavy infection of gregarine parasites can result in pathological peri-intestinal histolytic vacuolation of the mesenchyme. In this condition the epidermis is not involved; rather gregarine gamonts and zygocysts are present in the parenchyma surrounding the gut trunk, branches and diverticula, and gamonts are generally present in the gut lumen and mesenchyme (L. Winsor, personal communication). No gregarines were present in the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C84D1FB81FDFDFB8C" box="[385,535,1032,1057]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C84D1FB81FDFDFB8C" box="[385,535,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined here, and both epidermis and parenchyma exhibit vacuolation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFAD31C8595FBB9FC32FB47" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Normally vacuolated and vesicular tissues in planarians are associated with the reproductive organs, such as the phagocytic cells of sperm resorptive tissues in various bursae, vitelline follicles, ovarian tubae, and parovarian tissues (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C84D2FB09FD88FB37" author="Cernosvitov" box="[386,610,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Cernosvitov, L. (1931) Studien uber die Spermaresorption. III Die Samenresorption bei den Tricladen. Zoologisches Jahrbuch, 54, 295 - 332." type="journal article" year="1931">Cernosvitov, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C8724FB09FCFEFB37" author="Sluys" box="[628,788,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" refString="Sluys, R. (1989 b) Sperm resorption in triclads (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 15, 89 - 95." type="journal article" year="1989" yearSuffix="b">Sluys, 1989b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C8676FB09FC27FB37" author="Winsor" box="[806,973,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" refString="Winsor, L. (2006) New and revised terrestrial flatworm taxa (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) of Australia and the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. Tuhinga, 17, 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="2006">Winsor, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The vaculoate epidermis and parenchyma in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C845CFB21FE49FB6C" box="[268,419,1192,1217]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C845CFB21FE49FB6C" box="[268,419,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are located at the anterior tip and are not associated with reproductive structures. Nor do they exhibit the fine cytological characteristics of resorptive tissues.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436ACFFFAD31C8595FB71FD8CF967" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In addition to the routine oversight stain, sections were stained with the alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) technique to detect hexose-containing and sialic acid-containing mucosubstances, and alcianophilic carbohydrates with carboxylated and sulphate ester groups, which in the adhesive musculo-glandular organ in the terricolan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C84FDFAF9FE12FA24" box="[429,504,1392,1417]" class="Turbellaria" family="Geoplanidae" genus="Pimea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C84FDFAF9FE12FA24" box="[429,504,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pimea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be weakly basiphil to chromophobic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C86AFFAF9FB4FFA27" author="Winsor" box="[1023,1189,1392,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="20" refString="Winsor, L. (1991) A new genus and species of terrestrial flatworm from the central highlands of New Caledonia (Tricladida: Terricola). Memoirs du Museum nationale D'Histoire Naturelle. Series A, 149, 19 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Winsor, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The AB-PAS gave negative results. It is, therefore, concluded that nothing is present in the vacuoles. The most likely explanation is that something has been lost during fixation or processing. Strongly acidic fixatives such as Heidenhain’s SUSA and Bouin’s dissolve or fail to stabilize certain secretory elements such as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C0880EFFFAD31C81C9FA61FB3DF9AF" box="[1177,1239,1512,1538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of acidophil or “zymogen” granules (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C84C5F999FD25F987" author="Drury" box="[405,719,1552,1578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Drury, R. A. & Wallington, E. A. (1980) Carleton's Histological Techniques (5 th ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, 520 pp." type="book" year="1980">Drury & Wallington, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C878AF999FBD0F987" author="Leal-Zanchet" box="[730,1082,1552,1578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Leal-Zanchet & A. M., Hauser, J. (1999) Penis glands of the dugesiid planarian Girardia schubarti (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola). Invertebrate Biology, 118, 35 - 41." type="journal article" year="1999">Leal-Zanchet & Hauser, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nitric acid is a protein-coagulant fixative, a suitable concentration in a fixative for which is 0.5M (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5DFFFAD31C8688F9B1FB87F9FF" author="Baker" box="[984,1133,1592,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="19" refString="Baker, J. R. (1958) Principles of biological microtechnique. Methuen, London, 357 pp." type="book" year="1958">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C763CFFFAD31C8688F9B1FBC8F9FF" box="[984,1058,1592,1618]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Baker</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1958
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However the concentration of nitric acid in Steinmann’s fixative is approximately 5M, making the reagent very strongly acidic. When additional specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2FFFFAD31C84E3F901FDA3F90C" box="[435,585,1672,1697]" class="Turbellaria" family="Rhynchodemidae" genus="Microplana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tricladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="aixandrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEABEFFFAD31C84E3F901FDA3F90C" box="[435,585,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">M. aixandrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are available they will be fixed in non-acid and formaldehyde-based fixatives for further histochemical studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |