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<document id="5C30BDFD10BD5E3A886C2A512E2E0879" ID-CLB-Dataset="22182" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="269cf599-428d-464d-8f21-994d69110c5c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825140" ID-ZooBank="B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589391149229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk &amp; Hooper, John N. A." docDate="2020" docId="03D287B6911F3B4CFF7EFE92FED2FE32" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4774.1.1.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4774 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cladorhiza moniqueae Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E4131AC2-95FD-4E25-8CBF-6A1ED16566D5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FFEBFFCE914E3B18FFE9FFBBFFF8FF9D" masterDocTitle="Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="159" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1698839471418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FCB82536B6336EFDCECBA003ABBC33EC">Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D12253EDDEA7537F68F75674B24ED608">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D6424B605590C355A42C1B5A76D7A3F6">Erpenbeck, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0DCEE515427F6633C48956BA6A65FA10">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9802A2E56841938BE6B54D0698251555">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E2C52F6A4EC11F036C58BC116C6735E0">
<mods:date id="407BEC72445DC6E1A9A2676626A1ABF8">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DE9288EF6EBF8542ECDFE019CA18D110">2020-05-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BA3B845EE0F90E6989B10C4FFD6DE283">4774</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8E2D626597A4913A606DC37B04C1C2C6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2C42898651C70FFCA83F74BA61AC9622" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D287B6911F3B4CFF7EFE92FED2FE32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846413" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164131163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846413" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4131AC2-95FD-4E25-8CBF-6A1ED16566D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B6911F3B4CFF7EFE92FED2FE32" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="C361652B911F3B49FF7EFE92FDF7FEDE" box="[151,527,297,324]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF7EFE92FDF7FEDE" blockId="81.[151,974,297,395]" box="[151,527,297,324]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D08C81CC911F3B49FF7EFE92FDF7FEDE" bold="true" box="[151,527,297,324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF7EFE92FDF7FEDE" bold="true" box="[151,527,297,324]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911F3B49FF7EFE92FE52FEDE" ID-CoL="86WS9" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,426,297,324]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="moniqueae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF7EFE92FE52FEDE" bold="true" box="[151,426,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Cladorhiza moniqueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911F3B49FE58FE92FDF7FEDE" box="[433,527,297,323]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B911F3B49FF7EFEF6FC36FE16" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF7EFEF6FE56FEFA" blockId="81.[151,974,297,395]" box="[151,430,332,359]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FF7EFEF6FEF6FEFA" box="[151,270,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1779,1804]" captionTargetBox="[256,1332,181,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[256,1332,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 14. Cladorhiza moniqueae sp. nov. Holotype QM G337496. A. Unguiferate arcuate anisochelae. B. Large mycalostyle. C. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in B. D. Smaller mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Holotype on deck. G. Large sigma. H. Small sigma. I. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825172/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figures 14</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FEDBFEF7FEA8FEFA" box="[306,336,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1556,1581]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cladorhiza moniqueae sp. nov. Holotype QM G337496. A. T.S. through the sponge body showing the radial mycalostyles, with the stem underneath and the tentacular filaments leading off to the RHS. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. B. Spherical bodies in the sponge body. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. C. The exterior surface of the sponge body showing the echinating mycalostyles. D. Apical tip of the longest tentacular filament showing the organisation of the anisochelae and the underlying mycalostyles. E. Ectosomal surface of the stem. F. Endosome of the stem, showing the longitudinal arrangement of the large mycalostyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825174/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">15</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B911F3B49FEB2FEF6FE56FEFA" box="[347,430,332,359]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,518,544]" captionTargetBox="[162,2025,595,1642]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative morphological and distributional data for all known species of Cladorhiza." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" tableUuid="DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD">Table 5</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<uri id="FFEA3AA2911F3B49FF7EFECBFC36FE16" box="[151,974,368,395]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B911F3B49FF7EFE03FCC1FD86" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF7EFE03FCC1FD86" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF7EFE03FE72FE4E" bold="true" box="[151,394,440,467]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Material Examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B133CFD911F3B49FE7CFE02FCC1FD86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2617493311" collectingDate="2017-05-30" collectionCode="QM, RV" collectorName="Beam Trawl &amp; Coll. Merrick Ekins &amp; Sample" country="Australia" elevation="4173" latitude="-33.435" location="Newcastle" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="152.665" municipality="Station" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="G337496, V03" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C08802911F3B49FE7CFE02FDFAFE4E" box="[405,514,441,467]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE65911F3B49FDE6FE02FDC4FE4E" box="[527,572,441,467]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDB911F3B49FDAEFE02FD57FE4E" box="[583,687,441,467]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Museum">G337496</specimenCode>
off
<location id="8EA4607B911F3B49FD0DFE02FCA4FE4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B6911F3B4CFF7EFE92FED2FE32:8EA4607B911F3B49FD0DFE02FCA4FE4E" box="[740,860,441,467]" country="Australia" latitude="-33.435" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="152.665" municipality="Station" name="Newcastle" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="New South Wales">Newcastle</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BFF842911F3B49FC83FE02FBC3FE4E" box="[874,1083,441,467]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36C7630911F3B49FBA1FE02FB4AFE4E" box="[1096,1202,441,467]" name="Australia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDA911F3B49FB29FE02FAF7FE4E" box="[1216,1295,441,467]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Station</collectingMunicipality>
65, 33° 26’ 27.6”–
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5067911F3B49FF0CFE66FE7DFE6A" box="[229,389,477,503]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="1" seconds="6.0" value="-33.435">33° 26’ 6.0” S</geoCoordinate>
, 152° 42’ 7.2”–
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5067911F3B49FDD0FE67FD0FFE6A" box="[569,759,476,503]" degrees="152" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" precision="1" seconds="54.0" value="152.665">152° 39’ 54.0” E</geoCoordinate>
, 4280–
<quantity id="4C839B45911F3B49FCA3FE66FC59FE6A" box="[842,929,477,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.173" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="4173.0">
<elevation id="0056D193911F3B49FCA3FE66FC59FE6A" box="[842,929,477,503]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.173" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="4173.0">4173 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="268E5376911F3B49FC47FE66FBC3FE6A" box="[942,1083,477,503]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Beam Trawl</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268E5376911F3B49FBAEFE66FAD0FE6A" box="[1095,1320,477,503]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Coll. Merrick Ekins</collectorName>
on
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE65911F3B49FABAFE65FA8CFE6A" box="[1363,1396,478,503]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FABAFE65FA8CFE6A" box="[1363,1396,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">RV</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911F3B49FA95FE65FEA6FD86" authority=", Cruise" authorityName="Cruise" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FA95FE65FEFFFD86" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Investigator</emphasis>
, Cruise
</taxonomicName>
IN2017_
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDB911F3B49FE25FDBAFE04FD86" box="[460,508,513,539]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
,
<collectorName id="268E5376911F3B49FDEEFDBAFDA3FD86" box="[519,603,513,539]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sample</collectorName>
65-162,
<date id="FFC51060911F3B49FD56FDBAFCCDFD86" box="[703,821,513,539]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2017-05-30">
<collectingDate id="EF81E988911F3B49FD56FDBAFCCDFD86" box="[703,821,513,539]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2017-05-30">30/v/2017</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B911F3B49FF2EFD9EFB34FDA2" box="[199,1228,549,575]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFD9EFB34FDA2" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" box="[199,1228,549,575]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFD9EFEB0FDA2" bold="true" box="[199,328,549,575]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Etymology</emphasis>
: Named after Monique Grol for her enthusiasm for SCUBA diving and the reef.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B911F3B49FF2EFDF3FE3EFD1A" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFDF3FE3EFD1A" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFDF3FEA1FDFE" bold="true" box="[199,345,584,611]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Distribution</emphasis>
: This species is presently known only from the
<typeStatus id="54C08802911F3B49FC6CFDF2FC4DFDFE" box="[901,949,585,611]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">type</typeStatus>
locality off Newcastle,
<collectingRegion id="49BFF842911F3B49FB23FDF2FA60FDFE" box="[1226,1432,585,611]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36C7630911F3B49FF7EFDD6FEF9FD1A" box="[151,257,621,647]" name="Australia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Australia</collectingCountry>
, at abyssal depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B911F3B49FF2EFD2BFB06F9CE" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFD2BFEA3FD36" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" box="[199,347,656,683]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFD2BFEA3FD36" bold="true" box="[199,347,656,683]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Description:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFD0EFAACFCC2" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFD0EFEA0FD52" box="[199,344,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Growth form</emphasis>
: An erect pedunculate unbranched growth form with an aerodynamically shaped-body (
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FAC7FD0EFF52FD6E" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1779,1804]" captionTargetBox="[256,1332,181,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@82.[256,1332,181,1753]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 14. Cladorhiza moniqueae sp. nov. Holotype QM G337496. A. Unguiferate arcuate anisochelae. B. Large mycalostyle. C. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in B. D. Smaller mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Holotype on deck. G. Large sigma. H. Small sigma. I. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825172/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 14 F</figureCitation>
). The broken stem is
<quantity id="4C839B45911F3B49FE71FD63FE1FFD6E" box="[408,487,728,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4C839B45911F3B49FDBDFD62FD52FD6E" box="[596,682,729,755]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
wide, with basal attachment not collected. The main body is a horizontally aligned teardrop-shaped cushion
<quantity id="4C839B45911F3B49FD98FD46FD4CFC8A" box="[625,692,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
in length and width, accentuated by the medusoid-like tentacular filaments that trail in one direction only, as if the sponge was positioned in a strong unidirectional current. The six tentacular filaments are
<quantity id="4C839B45911F3B49FE4CFCFFFE0CFCC2" box="[421,500,836,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4C839B45911F3B49FD8AFCFEFD41FCC2" box="[611,697,837,863]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
wide. The specimen did not have a basal attachment intact.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFCD2FD3EFC1E" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" box="[199,710,873,899]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFCD2FEEEFC1E" box="[199,278,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colour</emphasis>
: Tan in colour on deck and in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFC36FC5AFBAA" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFC36FE59FC3A" box="[199,417,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The ectosome of the pedunculated body consists of soft tissue encrusted with anisochelae and sigmas, and penetrated by both sizes of the mycalostyles producing a hispid surface (
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FB66FC0AFAE3FC56" box="[1167,1307,944,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1556,1581]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cladorhiza moniqueae sp. nov. Holotype QM G337496. A. T.S. through the sponge body showing the radial mycalostyles, with the stem underneath and the tentacular filaments leading off to the RHS. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. B. Spherical bodies in the sponge body. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. C. The exterior surface of the sponge body showing the echinating mycalostyles. D. Apical tip of the longest tentacular filament showing the organisation of the anisochelae and the underlying mycalostyles. E. Ectosomal surface of the stem. F. Endosome of the stem, showing the longitudinal arrangement of the large mycalostyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825174/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 15 B</figureCitation>
). The ectosome of the stem is a very thick layer of anisochelae well packed perpendicular to the surface with only the large alae showing (
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FED0FC42FE3CFB8E" box="[313,452,1016,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1556,1581]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cladorhiza moniqueae sp. nov. Holotype QM G337496. A. T.S. through the sponge body showing the radial mycalostyles, with the stem underneath and the tentacular filaments leading off to the RHS. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. B. Spherical bodies in the sponge body. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. C. The exterior surface of the sponge body showing the echinating mycalostyles. D. Apical tip of the longest tentacular filament showing the organisation of the anisochelae and the underlying mycalostyles. E. Ectosomal surface of the stem. F. Endosome of the stem, showing the longitudinal arrangement of the large mycalostyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825174/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 15 C</figureCitation>
). This ectosome also contains sigmas. The ectosome of the tentacular filaments consists of the perpendicular orientated anisochelae and sigmas (
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FCE5FBA6FC6EFBAA" box="[780,918,1052,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1556,1581]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cladorhiza moniqueae sp. nov. Holotype QM G337496. A. T.S. through the sponge body showing the radial mycalostyles, with the stem underneath and the tentacular filaments leading off to the RHS. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. B. Spherical bodies in the sponge body. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. C. The exterior surface of the sponge body showing the echinating mycalostyles. D. Apical tip of the longest tentacular filament showing the organisation of the anisochelae and the underlying mycalostyles. E. Ectosomal surface of the stem. F. Endosome of the stem, showing the longitudinal arrangement of the large mycalostyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825174/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 15 E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFBFAFB8EFA92" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFBFAFE4BFBC6" box="[199,435,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Endosomal skeleton:</emphasis>
The endosomal skeleton of the stem consists of bundles of the large mycalostyles. The large mycalostyles from the stem extend into the main body along with the smaller mycalostyles where they form a thick radiating mass. Both
<typeStatus id="54C08802911F3B49FE08FB32FDE4FB3E" box="[481,540,1161,1187]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">types</typeStatus>
of mycalostyles are radially orientated that pierce the ectosome producing the hispid surface. Bundles of mycalostyles within the body also terminate into spherical bodies which may contain retracted filaments (
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FE92FB6AFDFBFB76" box="[379,515,1232,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1556,1581]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[177,1411,181,1530]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cladorhiza moniqueae sp. nov. Holotype QM G337496. A. T.S. through the sponge body showing the radial mycalostyles, with the stem underneath and the tentacular filaments leading off to the RHS. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. B. Spherical bodies in the sponge body. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. C. The exterior surface of the sponge body showing the echinating mycalostyles. D. Apical tip of the longest tentacular filament showing the organisation of the anisochelae and the underlying mycalostyles. E. Ectosomal surface of the stem. F. Endosome of the stem, showing the longitudinal arrangement of the large mycalostyles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825174/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 15A</figureCitation>
). The endosomal skeleton of the tentacular filaments originates in the body with both
<typeStatus id="54C08802911F3B49FF39FB4EFEF8FA92" box="[208,256,1269,1295]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">type</typeStatus>
of mycalostyles, but apically becomes dominated by the smaller mycalostyles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFAA2FE61FAE6" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFAA2FEA5FAAE" box="[199,349,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Megascleres:</emphasis>
Mycalostyles are of two different
<typeStatus id="54C08802911F3B49FD08FAA2FCE7FAAE" box="[737,799,1305,1331]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">types</typeStatus>
, large with very obvious central thickening (860-(1527)-
<date id="FFC51060911F3B49FF7EFA86FF1EFACA" box="[151,230,1341,1367]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="2440-10">2440 x</date>
17.9-(27.8)-40.1 μm, n=89), and a thinner and usually much shorter mycalostyle, (318-(898)-
<date id="FFC51060911F3B49FAFFFA86FA9FFACA" box="[1302,1383,1341,1367]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1120-10">1120 x</date>
8.2- (13.1)-17.3 μm, n=43).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EFA3EFD4FF991" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EFA3EFEAFFA02" box="[199,343,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Microscleres</emphasis>
: Tridentate unguiferate arcuate anisochelae with spatulate alae on the head and canine-like alae on the foot (49.0-(55.0)-60.0 x 25.1-(31.5)-36.2 μm, n=88). Large sigmas (165-(241)-289 x 6.6-(10.3)-15.3 μm, n=89), medium sized sigmas with slightly more contortion (71-(109)-166 x 2.4-(4.2)-6.3 μm, n=67), and small sigmancis- tras (36.3-(43.7)-49.0 x 1.2-(2.5)-3.6 μm, n=46).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EF9AEFB06F9CE" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EF9AEFE7FF9B2" bold="true" box="[199,391,1557,1583]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Molecular data:</emphasis>
The 28S sequence of QM G337496 is provided in the Sponge Barcoding Database under accession number SBD#2309 and the molecular difference to other congenerics displayed in
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FB71F982FB00F9CE" box="[1176,1272,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1733,1758]" captionTargetBox="[428,1156,182,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[428,1159,181,1708]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum-likelihood phylogram of the DNA sequences of this study in comparison with other, published cornivorous sponges. Sequences from taxa of this study are in bold. Number at the branches are RAxML rapid bootstrap values. Numbers following the taxa are either QM registration numbers (QM G3xxxxx) or NCBI Genbank accession numbers. Scale bare are substitutions per site. Please note that the reconstruction does not represent a phylogeny as due to the variability of the 28SrRNA gene C-Region barcoding marker no unambiguous alignment is possible and clipping ambiguous sites would remove diagnostic characters for taxon distinction. The tree therefore indicates molecular differences rather than a robust phylogeny." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825146/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figure 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B911F3B4CFF2EF9E6FED2FE32" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911F3B49FF2EF9E6FF37F8B6" blockId="81.[151,1437,440,1835]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FF2EF9E6FECCF9EA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1629,1655]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Remarks</emphasis>
: The external morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911F3B49FD6AF9E6FCE6F9EA" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[643,798,1629,1655]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="moniqueae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FD6AF9E6FCE6F9EA" box="[643,798,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. moniqueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FCCDF9E6FC85F9EA" bold="true" box="[804,893,1629,1655]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911F3B49FCCDF9E6FC85F9EA" box="[804,893,1629,1655]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is superficially similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911F3B49FB77F9E6FDDAF906" authority="Tendal, 1973" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1973" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Chondrocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albatrossi" subGenus="Chondrocladia">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FB77F9E6FE7CF906" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) albatrossi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911F3B49FE65F93AFDDAF906" author="Tendal" box="[396,546,1665,1691]" firstAuthor="Tendal" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref76506" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1973) Sponges collected by the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition. Zoologica Scripta, 2, 33 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1973. tb 00795. x" type="journal article" year="1973">Tendal, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from NE
<collectingCountry id="F36C7630911F3B49FD72F93AFD27F906" box="[667,735,1665,1691]" name="Brazil" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36C7630911F3B49FCFEF93AFC77F906" box="[791,911,1665,1691]" name="Antarctica" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
, as illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911F3B49FBB8F93AFA60F906" author="Dressler-Allame" box="[1105,1432,1665,1691]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dressler-Allame" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="190 - 206" refId="ref72833" refString="Dressler-Allame, M., Gocke, C., Kersken, D., Plotkin, A. &amp; Janussen, D. (2017) Carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae) of the deep Weddell Sea, with description of two new species. Deep-Sea Research II, 4121, 190 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2016.08.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
Dressler-Allame
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FAFBF939FAB4F906" box="[1298,1356,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
(2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13402A25911F3B49FF7EF91EFF25F922" box="[151,221,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1929,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,181,1904]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 4. Abyssocladia annae sp. nov. A. Abyssochelae. B. Subtylostyle. C. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle depicted in B. D. Sigmancistra. E. Holotype QM G337611. F. SEM showing the abundant abyssochelae and sigmancistras in the ectosome and the underlying subtylostyles in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825148" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825148/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). However, the spicule composition is very different between both species, with the present species having unguiferate anisochelae and belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911F3B49FD8FF972FD1CF97E" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1909" box="[614,740,1737,1763]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FD8FF972FD1CF97E" box="[614,740,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Cladorhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As appears to be the case with many carnivorous sponges, the growth form shows convergent evolution to adapt to these abyssal environments, even if their spiculation is divergent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF046628911C3B4AFF7EF948FBF1F8C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825172/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" startId="82.[151,250,1779,1804]" targetBox="[256,1332,181,1753]" targetPageId="82">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911C3B4AFF7EF948FBF1F8C9" blockId="82.[151,1436,1779,1876]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911C3B4AFF7EF948FEE2F891" bold="true" box="[151,282,1779,1804]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 14</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911C3B4AFEC1F94FFDE9F896" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[296,529,1780,1804]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="moniqueae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911C3B4AFEC1F94FFDE9F896" box="[296,529,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Cladorhiza moniqueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911C3B4AFDF1F94FFD92F891" bold="true" box="[536,618,1780,1804]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911C3B4AFDF1F94FFD92F891" box="[536,618,1780,1804]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype QM G337496. A. Unguiferate arcuate anisochelae. B. Large mycalostyle. C. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in B. D. Smaller mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Holotype on deck. G. Large sigma. H. Small sigma. I. Sigmancistra.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF046628911D3B4BFF7EF9AFFDD9F97C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825174/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[151,250,1556,1581]" targetBox="[177,1411,181,1530]" targetPageId="83">
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911D3B4BFF7EF9AFFDD9F97C" blockId="83.[151,1437,1556,1761]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFF7EF9AFFEE4F9B0" bold="true" box="[151,284,1556,1581]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 15</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911D3B4BFEC2F9AEFDECF9B1" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[299,532,1557,1581]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="moniqueae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFEC2F9AEFDECF9B1" box="[299,532,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Cladorhiza moniqueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFDF4F9AEFD88F9B0" bold="true" box="[541,624,1557,1581]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911D3B4BFDF4F9AEFD88F9B0" box="[541,624,1557,1581]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype QM G337496. A. T.S. through the sponge body showing the radial mycalostyles, with the stem underneath and the tentacular filaments leading off to the RHS. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. B. Spherical bodies in the sponge body. The arrows indicate the spherical bodies. C. The exterior surface of the sponge body showing the echinating mycalostyles. D. Apical tip of the longest tentacular filament showing the organisation of the anisochelae and the underlying mycalostyles. E. Ectosomal surface of the stem. F. Endosome of the stem, showing the longitudinal arrangement of the large mycalostyles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911D3B4BFF2EF8B4FE1EF808" blockId="83.[151,1436,1807,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
The spatuliferous upper alae seen on the anisochelae of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911D3B4BFCACF8B4FC1AF8B4" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[837,994,1807,1833]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="moniqueae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFCACF8B4FC1AF8B4" box="[837,994,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">C. moniqueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFC03F8B4FBBDF8B4" bold="true" box="[1002,1093,1807,1833]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911D3B4BFC03F8B4FBBDF8B4" box="[1002,1093,1807,1833]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
have a similar morphology to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911D3B4BFF13F888FD87F8D0" authority="Lopes &amp; Hajdu, 2014" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Hajdu" authorityYear="2014" box="[250,639,1843,1870]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="diminuta">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFF13F888FE87F8D0" box="[250,383,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">C. diminuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911D3B4BFE6EF88FFD87F8D0" author="Lopes &amp; Hajdu" box="[391,639,1843,1870]" firstAuthor="Lopes" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="329 - 356" refId="ref75363" refString="Lopes, D. A. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2014) Carnivorous sponges from deep-sea coral mounds in the Campos Basin (SW Atlantic), with the description of six new species (Cladorhizidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae). Marine Biology Research, 10 (4), 329 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2013.797587" type="journal article" year="2014">Lopes &amp; Hajdu, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the mesophotic off central
<collectingCountry id="F36C7630911D3B4BFC10F888FBB8F8D0" box="[1017,1088,1843,1869]" name="Brazil" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, although all of the spicules in the latter species, and indeed the sponge itself as the name suggests, are very diminutive compared to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911D3B4BFA6AF8ECFEEAF808" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="moniqueae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFA6AF8ECFEEAF808" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">C. moniqueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFEF0F8C0FE8BF808" bold="true" box="[281,371,1915,1941]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911D3B4BFEF0F8C0FE8BF808" box="[281,371,1915,1941]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B911D3B4BFE68F8C0FE20F808" box="[385,472,1914,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,518,544]" captionTargetBox="[162,2025,595,1642]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative morphological and distributional data for all known species of Cladorhiza." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" tableUuid="DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911D3B4CFF2EF824FED2FE32" blockId="83.[151,1436,1807,2013]" lastBlockId="84.[151,1437,153,431]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
Similarly, the shape of the alae on the anisochelae also resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911D3B4BFBC6F824FED1F840" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1887" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFBC6F824FADEF824" box="[1071,1318,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Cladorhiza tridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911D3B4BFAD8F824FED1F840" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the Antarctic and comprehensively illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911D3B4BFC70F878FB25F840" author="Dressler-Allame" box="[921,1245,1987,2013]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Dressler-Allame" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="190 - 206" refId="ref72833" refString="Dressler-Allame, M., Gocke, C., Kersken, D., Plotkin, A. &amp; Janussen, D. (2017) Carnivorous sponges (Cladorhizidae) of the deep Weddell Sea, with description of two new species. Deep-Sea Research II, 4121, 190 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2016.08.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
Dressler-Allame
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911D3B4BFBB0F87FFB6AF840" box="[1113,1170,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
(2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13402A25911D3B4BFB01F878FAC2F840" box="[1256,1338,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,181,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[297,1290,181,1785]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladorhiza poritea sp. nov. A. Body of the sponge showing the upper and lower ectosomal surface with the endosomal radiating mycalostyles in between, there are two of the filaments which have been inadvertently folded back over the sponge body. B. Magnified body surface showing the abundant pseudoamphiasters, and the underlying anisochelae. C. Stem showing the encrusting pseudoamphiasters in the ectosome. D. L.S. stem interior with the pseudoamphiaster crust and the styles forming an outer sheath, and an internal cored of styles. E. External layer of the filaments with the anisochelae exterior to the pseudoamphiasters. F. L.S. filament interior showing a sheath of styles similar to the stem and a hollow core." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825160/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), but the lower alae of the anisochelae in the latter species are bifurcate (compared to canine-like in our new species). Other differences between the new species and
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911A3B4CFDB7FF06FD14FF4A" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1887" box="[606,748,189,215]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tridentata">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911A3B4CFDB7FF06FD14FF4A" box="[606,748,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">C. tridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include their very different growth forms (pedunculate versus encrusting, respectively), two size classes of sigmas, and presence of sigmancistras in
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911A3B4CFB8CFF5AFAF9FF66" authority="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins &amp; Erpenbeck &amp; Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[1125,1281,225,251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="moniqueae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911A3B4CFB8CFF5AFAF9FF66" box="[1125,1281,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">C. moniqueae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911A3B4CFAE0FF5AFA9BFF66" bold="true" box="[1289,1379,225,251]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911A3B4CFAE0FF5AFA9BFF66" box="[1289,1379,225,251]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911A3B4CFA83FF5AFDF9FE82" authority="Levi, 1993" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1993" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schistochela">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911A3B4CFA83FF5AFE85FE82" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Cladorhiza schistochela</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911A3B4CFE6CFEBEFDF9FE82" author="Levi" box="[389,513,261,287]" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="9 - 87" refId="ref75266" refString="Levi, C. (1993) Porifera Demospongiae: Spongiaires bathyaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, recoltes par le ' Jean Charcot' Campagne BIOCAL, 1985. In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national de l'Histoire naturelle, (A), 158, pp. 9 - 87." type="journal article" year="1993">Lévi, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="F36C7630911A3B4CFDA0FEBEFD01FE82" box="[585,761,261,287]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, which also has similar-shaped anisochelae, is cylindricallyshaped pedunculate, has much larger styles and anisochelae, smaller sigmas, and lacks sigmancistras.
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911A3B4CFAF6FE92FDC3FEFA" authority="Castello-Branco et al., 2016" authorityName="Castello-Branco" authorityYear="2016" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nicoleae">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911A3B4CFAF6FE92FF0EFEFA" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Cladorhiza nicoleae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911A3B4CFF14FEF6FDC3FEFA" author="Castello-Branco" box="[253,571,333,359]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Castello-Branco" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="297 - 303" refId="ref72399" refString="Castello-Branco, C., Hestetun, J. T., Rapp, H. T. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2016) Taxonomy of Cladorhiza in the deep SW Atlantic: C. nicoleae sp. nov. and redescription of C. inversa (Cladorhizidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 96 (2), 297 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315415000211" type="journal article" year="2016">
Castello-Branco
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911A3B4CFE53FEF5FE0AFEFA" box="[442,498,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from the mesophotic off central
<collectingCountry id="F36C7630911A3B4CFC59FEF6FC0FFEFA" box="[944,1015,333,359]" name="Brazil" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, also has similar anisochelae but they are much smaller than those of the new species, as are the sigmas and sigmancistras, and it has a spherical clubshaped body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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