473 lines
72 KiB
XML
473 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="2960959D1A8B1A8711B96D45B613750C" ID-CLB-Dataset="22182" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="269cf599-428d-464d-8f21-994d69110c5c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825140" ID-ZooBank="B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589391149229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk & Hooper, John N. A." docDate="2020" docId="03D287B691033B49FF7EFC36FBF5FF4A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4774.1.1.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4774 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cladorhiza investigator Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3D3FEFCD-742A-42A2-BCD4-E7B559608EE5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FFEBFFCE914E3B18FFE9FFBBFFF8FF9D" masterDocTitle="Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="159" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1698839471418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="CE72914A40F2DB6BB940416CAE4B8936" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6E49FBEC5AF3C8056D901D406A2EE83B">
|
||
<mods:title id="7979F935AB5BDB90B7333C7531D20069">Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="A5715258840B3E4CF4C56E762C4E02F5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CC3ADC592740FFD1823FC58AC2629E81">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D628A7B9C1DA0B231F4BEE115849DAA4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2503420B90CFCC81ABDF2D8E2985E85B">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9192125A9F2E5AF63F978D79E0AA79BC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8D97614F0D665A27F58E8200FC737963">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="659AEE897DAF32ED83A7713432ACC854">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EF240CA914C5B3ABD984DB47C8C0FF64">Erpenbeck, Dirk</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="29321DE47966A37290A788D748E60F62" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7611F336602A5567EC79107B12490177">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1EEA00777CB8D406862238F301A907A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C2A19000246ACE16858739BED7458316">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="2ADD209089D8098F75C9A0070E16A511">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="C360E09F3BF7C2AE591AAA0A8F9ED452" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="98EDCA627EA707FE9CD13F7C0EE7102D">
|
||
<mods:title id="56763C1525E4D61AF3F94990DC6A2034">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="30570864D80B705DEBE2119EB3EC7DA8">
|
||
<mods:date id="0EBEE2F5FECC35D9435A79915CA68A3C">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="919BBD7B39BFFC3CAA9A5599F336D5EF" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="B9B521CCD8C2CC819715EAC55C21EBFF">2020-05-12</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1BB4D5E2BF8DB78D43A79A84AD025D33" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="83441ECB17225B27CAE30F3A519783FA">4774</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D5A9C7DA5D0599D88670D25E514ECD2D" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="D457ABBBB364FAAA83B610C561072671">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1972DD1DD0A01FD9EB5776245C269174" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="4948B52F8FD9C5E0AE2174E85735C18C">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="FD28FE12EF63C682A78A03DABDA31783">159</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="5D2127FE3D63ADACAAD5D749D3694581">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B797F7CA4DE4885E9D6F5FA182A26360" type="CLB-Dataset">22182</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A6B265FFD91FB7F1D63563A6945A41F1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7D1775BD8BD7BE5F769DE0CD532859E3" type="GBIF-Dataset">269cf599-428d-464d-8f21-994d69110c5c</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C476A309E6FE2A7457FDF84E1D51C963" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="91C5284FC6FF0505746D14029B8571A6" type="Zenodo-Dep">3825140</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5455C3384E5D629367F71A1F28806BE6" type="ZooBank">B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03D287B691033B49FF7EFC36FBF5FF4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846437" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164131168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846437" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D3FEFCD-742A-42A2-BCD4-E7B559608EE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B691033B49FF7EFC36FBF5FF4A" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652B91033B55FF7EFC36FDEFFC3A" box="[151,535,909,936]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF7EFC36FDEFFC3A" blockId="77.[151,982,909,1007]" box="[151,535,909,936]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<heading id="D08C81CC91033B55FF7EFC36FDEFFC3A" bold="true" box="[151,535,909,936]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF7EFC36FDEFFC3A" bold="true" box="[151,535,909,936]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FF7EFC36FE4AFC3A" ID-CoL="86WS8" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,434,909,936]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF7EFC36FE4AFC3A" bold="true" box="[151,434,909,936]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cladorhiza investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C991033B55FE50FC36FDEFFC3A" box="[441,535,909,935]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652B91033B55FF7EFC0AFC2EFC72" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF7EFC0AFE56FC56" blockId="77.[151,982,909,1007]" box="[151,430,944,971]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FF7EFC0AFEF6FC56" box="[151,270,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figures 12</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FEDBFC0AFEA8FC56" box="[306,336,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B91033B55FEB2FC0AFE56FC56" box="[347,430,944,971]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,518,544]" captionTargetBox="[162,2025,595,1642]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative morphological and distributional data for all known species of Cladorhiza." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" tableUuid="DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF7EFC6FFC2EFC72" blockId="77.[151,982,909,1007]" box="[151,982,980,1007]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<uri id="FFEA3AA291033B55FF7EFC6FFC2EFC72" box="[151,982,980,1007]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
|
||
<uuid id="FFDD0C7591033B55FE4EFC6FFC2EFC72" box="[423,982,980,1007]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">3D3FEFCD-742A-42A2-BCD4-E7B559608EE5</uuid>
|
||
</uri>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652B91033B55FF7EFBA7FE95FBE2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF7EFBA7FE95FBE2" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF7EFBA7FE7EFBAA" bold="true" box="[151,390,1052,1079]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B133CFD91033B55FE79FBA6FE95FBE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2617493363" collectingDate="2017-05-19" collectionCode="QM, RV" collectorName="Box Corer & Coll. Merrick Ekins & Sample" country="Australia" elevation="2793" latitude="-41.720695" location="Freycinet Peninsula" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="149.1252" municipality="Station" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="G337458, V03" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C0880291033B55FE79FBA6FE05FBAA" box="[400,509,1053,1079]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE6591033B55FDE3FBA6FDCFFBAA" box="[522,567,1053,1079]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDB91033B55FDABFBA7FD52FBAA" box="[578,682,1052,1079]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="Museum">G337458</specimenCode>
|
||
off
|
||
<location id="8EA4607B91033B55FD37FBA6FC3AFBAA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B691033B49FF7EFC36FBF5FF4A:8EA4607B91033B55FD37FBA6FC3AFBAA" box="[734,962,1053,1079]" country="Australia" latitude="-41.720695" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="149.1252" municipality="Station" name="Freycinet Peninsula" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Tasmania">Freycinet Peninsula</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDA91033B55FC39FBA6FBE7FBAA" box="[976,1055,1053,1079]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Station</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
11,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF84291033B55FBBCFBA6FB3BFBAA" box="[1109,1219,1053,1079]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C763091033B55FB39FBA6FAC2FBAA" box="[1232,1338,1053,1079]" name="Australia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F506791033B55FAA1FBA6FF14FBC6" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="1" seconds="14.5" value="-41.720695">41° 43’ 14.5” S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F506791033B55FF11FBFAFE5EFBC6" box="[248,422,1089,1115]" degrees="149" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" precision="1" seconds="30.7" value="149.1252">149° 7’ 30.7” E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FE5BFBFAFDF0FBC6" box="[434,520,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.793" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="2793.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0056D19391033B55FE5BFBFAFDF0FBC6" box="[434,520,1089,1115]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.793" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="2793.0">2793 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268E537691033B55FDFAFBFAFD72FBC6" box="[531,650,1089,1115]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Box Corer</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268E537691033B55FD7DFBFAFC8BFBC6" box="[660,883,1089,1115]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Coll. Merrick Ekins</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE6591033B55FC72FBF9FC44FBC6" box="[923,956,1090,1115]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FC72FBF9FC44FBC6" box="[923,956,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">RV</emphasis>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FC2AFBF9FB59FBC6" authority=", Cruise" authorityName="Cruise" box="[963,1185,1089,1115]" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FC2AFBF9FBB2FBC6" box="[963,1098,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Investigator</emphasis>
|
||
, Cruise
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
IN2017_
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDB91033B55FAE7FBFAFAC5FBC6" box="[1294,1341,1089,1115]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="Museum">V03</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268E537691033B55FAA1FBFAFA64FBC6" box="[1352,1436,1089,1115]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Sample</collectorName>
|
||
11-103,
|
||
<date id="FFC5106091033B55FF1AFBDEFE91FBE2" box="[243,361,1125,1151]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2017-05-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF81E98891033B55FF1AFBDEFE91FBE2" box="[243,361,1125,1151]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2017-05-19">19/v/2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652B91033B55FF2EFB32FC83FB5A" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EFB32FC83FB5A" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF2EFB32FEB0FB3E" bold="true" box="[199,328,1161,1187]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: Named for the Marine National Facility’s research vessel
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FC1BFB31FB81FB3E" box="[1010,1145,1162,1187]" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FC1BFB31FB81FB3E" box="[1010,1145,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a noun in apposition, used to sample the bathyal and abyssal fauna of Eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C763091033B55FCE4FB16FC8FFB5A" box="[781,887,1197,1223]" name="Australia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652B91033B55FF2EFB6BFDEFFA92" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EFB6BFDEFFA92" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF2EFB6BFEA1FB76" bold="true" box="[199,345,1232,1259]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: This species is only known so far from the bathyal
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C0880291033B55FC48FB6AFC29FB76" box="[929,977,1233,1259]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality off the Freycinet Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BFF84291033B55FA85FB6AFF26FA92" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C763091033B55FF01FB4EFEAAFA92" box="[232,338,1269,1295]" name="Australia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at bathyal depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652B91033B48FF2EFAA3FB06FD36" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EFAA3FEA3FAAE" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" box="[199,347,1304,1331]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF2EFAA3FEA3FAAE" bold="true" box="[199,347,1304,1331]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EFA86FE79F996" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF2EFA86FEA0FACA" box="[199,344,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Growth form</emphasis>
|
||
: A stipitate erect, unbranched sponge with horizontal filaments at right angles and encircling the entire stem (body) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FE9EFADAFDFDFAE6" box="[375,517,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 12 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). These lateral filaments form up to nine distinct columns, the largest are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FA67FADAFF3BFA02" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long at the base of the stem, the smallest
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FD71FA3EFD0DFA02" box="[664,757,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long at the apex of the stem,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FBA9FA3EFB2DFA02" box="[1088,1237,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and spaced
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FF7EFA13FEE6FA5E" box="[151,286,1448,1475]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart.. The sponge stem (body) is
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FD4BFA12FD09FA5E" box="[674,753,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="92.0">92 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FC89FA12FC4EFA5E" box="[864,950,1449,1475]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, with basal rootlets, the longest being approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FED6FA77FE74FA7A" box="[319,396,1484,1511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, branching one or more times along their length. Total body length including rootlets and stem is
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FF04FA4AFEB1F996" box="[237,329,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="117.0">117 mm</quantity>
|
||
long
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EF9AEFD84F9B2" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" box="[199,636,1557,1583]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF2EF9AEFEEEF9B2" box="[199,278,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
: Cream on deck and in ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EF982FEEDF922" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF2EF982FE67F9CE" box="[199,415,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
: The ectosomal skeleton of the filaments is thin (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FC22F983FBEEF9CE" box="[971,1046,1592,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 µm</quantity>
|
||
), membranous, and contains anisochelae and sigmas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FE86F9E6FE00F9EA" box="[367,504,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 13 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ectosomal skeleton of the stem is a thin membranous covering of a palisade of mycalostyles form very effective wall plates. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FD49F93AFCD4F906" box="[672,812,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 13 C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ectosomal skeleton of the roots is just a very thin membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EF972FAE4F8D2" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF2EF972FE5EF97E" box="[199,422,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Endosomal skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
: The axis of the stem has a radial skeleton, with a small core of confused small mycalostyles. From this nucleus nine arms radiate outwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FD40F956FCCCF89A" box="[681,820,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 13 E</figureCitation>
|
||
), composed of mycalostyles, forming the filaments. In between these radiating arms there are also seven radiating wedges of longitudinal mycalostyles supporting the stem of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FED4F88EFE31F8D2" box="[317,457,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 13 D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The outer edge of the wedge forms the Palisade-like wall of the ectosome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EF8E2FE5EF842" blockId="77.[151,1437,1052,2015]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Between these longitudinal wedges and the filament arms are thin wedges of tissue containing anisochelae and sigmas. The endosome of the filaments consists of tightly bound mycalostyles longitudinally arranged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FAC4F8C6FF54F826" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 13 B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The endosome of the roots of the sponge, are composed of tightly bound bundles of mycalostyles and rare subtylostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FEF8F87EFE61F842" box="[273,409,1989,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figure 13 F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF04662891003B56FF7EF822FA8EF867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" startId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" targetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" targetPageId="78">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091003B56FF7EF822FA8EF867" blockId="78.[151,1437,1945,2042]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291003B56FF7EF822FEDBF82F" bold="true" box="[151,291,1945,1970]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391003B56FEA7F821FDB9F82C" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[334,577,1946,1970]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291003B56FEA7F821FDB9F82C" box="[334,577,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Cladorhiza investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291003B56FDA2F821FD66F82F" bold="true" box="[587,670,1946,1970]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C991003B56FDA2F821FD66F82F" box="[587,670,1946,1970]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF04662891013B57FF7EF9CBFE4FF818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" targetPageId="79">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A091013B57FF7EF9CBFE4FF818" blockId="79.[151,1437,1648,1925]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291013B57FF7EF9CBFED9F914" bold="true" box="[151,289,1648,1673]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391013B57FEC1F9CAFDE2F914" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[296,538,1649,1673]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291013B57FEC1F9CAFDE2F914" box="[296,538,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Cladorhiza investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C991013B57FDC8F9CAFD8AF914" box="[545,626,1649,1673]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291013B57FDC8F9CAFD8AF914" bold="true" box="[545,626,1649,1673]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B48FF2EFF22FE62FEFA" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF2EFF22FEA5FF2E" box="[199,349,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Megascleres:</emphasis>
|
||
Mycalostyles can be split into two size classes: large mycalostyles (1240-(1509)-
|
||
<date id="FFC51060911E3B48FAEEFF23FAA1FF2E" box="[1287,1369,152,179]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="1880-10">1880 x</date>
|
||
18.3- (26.6)-40.9 μm, n=80) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FE4CFF06FDECFF4A" box="[421,532,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
D-E) and medium mycalostyles (600-(914)-
|
||
<date id="FFC51060911E3B48FBE4FF06FBA5FF4A" box="[1037,1117,189,216]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="1210-10">1210 x</date>
|
||
11.6-(15.6)-21.2 μm, n=63) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FF76FF5AFEF5FF66" box="[159,269,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
F-G). Both styles occur in the filaments, stem and roots of the sponge. However the smaller of the mycalostyles also have an important supporting function in the buttressing of the filaments as they emerge from the stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FF30FE92FE9CFEDE" box="[217,356,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 13 D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the roots and lower stem there are also thin subtylostyles (356-(624)-905 x 2.7-(6.2)-
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B45911E3B48FADEFE92FA6FFEDE" box="[1335,1431,297,324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 µm</quantity>
|
||
, n=37) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FF00FEF6FEAFFEFA" box="[233,343,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
H–I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B48FF2EFECAFBEDFDFE" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF2EFECAFEAFFE16" box="[199,343,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
: Multidentate unguiferate anchorate anisochelae, with five alae on the head and a much smaller foot bearing three alae, occurring in two significant size classes, with the larger category showing slightly different shape of the upper alae compared to the lower alae: large (20.3-(24.4)-27.8 x 1.1-(1.8)-3.5 μm, n=175), and small (13.2-(16.6)-19.1 x 0.8-(1.3)-2.7 μm, n=86) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FD76FE66FCE8FE6A" box="[671,784,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B-C). There are uncommon sigmas which display none to only slight contortion (36-(79)-152 x 1.7-(3.4)-7.1 μm, n= 49) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FC63FDBAFBF7FD86" box="[906,1039,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 12 J</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are also rare sigmancistras showing 90
|
||
<superScript id="7C0E9BE8911E3B48FEF0FD9FFED9FDAF" attach="left" box="[281,289,548,562]" fontSize="6" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">o</superScript>
|
||
contortion (36-(40)-44 x 1.6-(2.1)-2.7 μm, n=9) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FCA7FD9EFC23FDA2" box="[846,987,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[237,1351,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 12. A. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. B. Large anisochelae. C. Small anisochelae. D. Large Mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium Mycalostyle. G. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in F. H. Subtylostyles. I. Magnified ends of the tylostyle illustrated in H. J. Sigma. K. Sigmancistra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825164" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825164/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 12 K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both the sigmas and sigmancistras are located in the ectosome of the filaments and the endosomal wedges of the stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B48FF2EFDD6FB06FD36" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF2EFDD6FE86FD1A" bold="true" box="[199,382,621,647]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Molecular data</emphasis>
|
||
: The 28S sequence of QM G337458 is provided in the Sponge Barcoding Database under accession number SBD#2310 and the molecular difference to other congenerics displayed in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FB71FD2AFB00FD36" box="[1176,1272,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1733,1758]" captionTargetBox="[428,1156,182,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[428,1159,181,1708]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum-likelihood phylogram of the DNA sequences of this study in comparison with other, published cornivorous sponges. Sequences from taxa of this study are in bold. Number at the branches are RAxML rapid bootstrap values. Numbers following the taxa are either QM registration numbers (QM G3xxxxx) or NCBI Genbank accession numbers. Scale bare are substitutions per site. Please note that the reconstruction does not represent a phylogeny as due to the variability of the 28SrRNA gene C-Region barcoding marker no unambiguous alignment is possible and clipping ambiguous sites would remove diagnostic characters for taxon distinction. The tree therefore indicates molecular differences rather than a robust phylogeny." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825146/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361652B911E3B49FF2EFD0EFBF5FF4A" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B48FF2EFD0EFC31FB76" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF2EFD0EFECCFD52" bold="true" box="[199,308,693,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FEADFD0EFDB7FD52" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[324,591,693,719]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FEADFD0EFDB7FD52" box="[324,591,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cladorhiza investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FDBFFD0EFD48FD52" bold="true" box="[598,688,693,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911E3B48FDBFFD0EFD48FD52" box="[598,688,693,719]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most importantly different to other closely allied species by the presence of tylostyles in the roots and base of the stem.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FCECFD62FBF7FD6E" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[773,1039,729,755]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FCECFD62FBF7FD6E" box="[773,1039,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cladorhiza investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FBFCFD62FB97FD6E" bold="true" box="[1045,1135,729,755]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911E3B48FBFCFD62FB97FD6E" box="[1045,1135,729,755]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a similar growth form, spicule types, and approximately the same spicule sizes as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08802911E3B48FC87FD46FC28FC8A" box="[878,976,765,791]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FC13FD46FF23FCA6" authority="(Ridley and Dendy, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FC13FD46FB4BFC8A" box="[1018,1203,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FB2DFD46FF2BFCA6" author="Ridley and Dendy" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley and Dendy, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the central South Pacific. Those authors only mention one of each type of spicule and give only one measurement as was usual at that time of publishing, with one type of style, one type of anisochelae and one type of sigma mentioned, and indeed they also mention the fragility of the dried
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08802911E3B48FC39FCD2FBCEFC1E" box="[976,1078,873,899]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FB5CFCD2FAB7FC1E" author="Koltun" box="[1205,1359,872,899]" firstAuthor="Koltun" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref74599" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1959) [Siliceous horny sponges of the northern and far eastern seas of the U. S. S. R.]. Opredeliteli po faune SSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim muzeem Akademii nauk, 67, 1 - 236. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">Koltun (1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FAB2FCD2FA6CFC1E" author="Koltun" box="[1371,1428,873,899]" firstAuthor="Koltun" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="165 - 221" refId="ref74764" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., 86. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described additional specimens which he assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FD12FC36FC4BFC3A" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[763,947,909,935]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FD12FC36FC4BFC3A" box="[763,947,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the North and Northwest Pacific, respectively, both with similar spicule diversity and measurements to those given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FBA8FC0AFAB5FC56" author="Ridley & Dendy" box="[1089,1357,945,971]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. & Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley & Dendy (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B911E3B48FAB5FC0AFF5FFC72" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,518,544]" captionTargetBox="[162,2025,595,1642]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative morphological and distributional data for all known species of Cladorhiza." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FF57FC6EFE33FC72" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[190,459,981,1007]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF57FC6EFE33FC72" box="[190,459,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cladorhiza investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FE3AFC6EFDD6FC72" bold="true" box="[467,558,981,1007]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911E3B48FE3AFC6EFDD6FC72" box="[467,558,981,1007]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shows some differences in morphology to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FBF4FC6EFB2DFC72" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1053,1237,981,1007]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FBF4FC6EFB2DFC72" box="[1053,1237,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most notably the number of rows of filaments encircling the stem (nine rows in the new species, compared to 4 rows in 2 vertical planes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FEE8FBA6FE4FFBAA" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[257,439,1053,1079]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FEE8FBA6FE4FFBAA" box="[257,439,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the length of filaments (
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B45911E3B48FCEEFBA6FCB0FBAA" box="[775,840,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B45911E3B48FC36FBA6FBD7FBAA" box="[991,1071,1053,1079]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively), with the new species also having a thicker stem, and a tapered (non-rectangular) shape.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FC4FFBFAFB48FBC6" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[934,1200,1089,1115]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FC4FFBFAFB48FBC6" box="[934,1200,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cladorhiza investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FB5CFBFAFAF6FBC6" bold="true" box="[1205,1294,1089,1115]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911E3B48FB5CFBFAFAF6FBC6" box="[1205,1294,1089,1115]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also has two size classes of multidentate unguiferate anisochelae (the larger anisochelae also show slightly different dentition between the upper and lower alae), and only one size class each of sigmas and sigmancistras, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FAF9FB32FF32FB5A" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FAF9FB32FF32FB5A" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only one size of tridentate anisochelae, two sizes of sigmas, and lacking sigmancistras. The dimensions of the anisochelae and sigmas also differ between the two species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B911E3B48FC8CFB6AFC43FB76" box="[869,955,1232,1259]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,518,544]" captionTargetBox="[162,2025,595,1642]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative morphological and distributional data for all known species of Cladorhiza." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B48FF2EFB4EFE72F996" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FF2EFB4EFD77FA92" authority="(Lundsten et al., 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Lundsten" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[199,655,1269,1295]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="evae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF2EFB4EFE78FA92" box="[199,384,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cladorhiza evae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FE78FB4EFD7FFA92" author="Lundsten" box="[401,647,1269,1295]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lundsten" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="101 - 123" refId="ref75545" refString="Lundsten, L., Reiswig, H. M. & Austin, W. C. (2014) Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa, 3786 (2), 101 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3786.2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lundsten
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FDEDFB4DFDBDFA92" box="[516,581,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the bathyal off Cabo Pulmo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7630911E3B48FBCBFB4EFB82FA92" box="[1058,1146,1269,1295]" name="Mexico" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, also closely matches the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FED1FAA2FE27FAAE" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[312,479,1305,1331]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FED1FAA2FE27FAAE" box="[312,479,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FE0CFAA2FDC6FAAE" bold="true" box="[485,574,1305,1331]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911E3B48FE0CFAA2FDC6FAAE" box="[485,574,1305,1331]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It has a gross morphology more similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FB85FAA2FADBFAAE" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1132,1315,1305,1331]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FB85FAA2FADBFAAE" box="[1132,1315,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(rectangular non-tapering body and filaments), than to the new species, with four to five columns of filaments (compared to four in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FF02FADAFE5AFAE6" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[235,418,1377,1403]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF02FADAFE5AFAE6" box="[235,418,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and nine in the present species).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FCF0FADAFBECFAE6" author="Lundsten" box="[793,1044,1377,1403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lundsten" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="101 - 123" refId="ref75545" refString="Lundsten, L., Reiswig, H. M. & Austin, W. C. (2014) Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa, 3786 (2), 101 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3786.2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lundsten
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FC60FAD9FC3AFAE6" box="[905,962,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argue that the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FF7EFA3EFF15FA02" box="[151,237,1413,1439]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="evae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF7EFA3EFF15FA02" box="[151,237,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. evae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FEC1FA3EFE19FA02" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[296,481,1413,1439]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FEC1FA3EFE19FA02" box="[296,481,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include greater style width, larger sigmas of two sizes classes, and the presence of sigmancistras in the former. Also similar to the new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FCAFFA12FC62FA5E" box="[838,922,1449,1475]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="evae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FCAFFA12FC62FA5E" box="[838,922,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. evae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has mycalostyles split into three size classes, with the smaller category more abundant in the filaments but also occurring in the axial skeletons of the stem and basal rhizoid rootlets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B48FF2EF9AEFD71F9EA" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Other differences between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FDF6F9AEFD3EF9B2" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[543,710,1557,1583]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FDF6F9AEFD3EF9B2" box="[543,710,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FD27F9AEFCDFF9B2" bold="true" box="[718,807,1557,1583]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911E3B48FD27F9AEFCDFF9B2" box="[718,807,1557,1583]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FCB7F9AEFC4AF9B2" box="[862,946,1557,1583]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="evae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FCB7F9AEFC4AF9B2" box="[862,946,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. evae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include the possession of two categories of unguiferate multidentate anisochelae and only one category of sigmas in the former, compared with one and two categories, respectively, in the latter species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B48FF2EF93AFF18F89A" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FE8FF93AFDF5F906" authority="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper, 2020" authorityName="Ekins & Erpenbeck & Hooper" authorityYear="2020" box="[358,525,1665,1691]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="investigator" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FE8FF93AFDF5F906" box="[358,525,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. investigator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FDFDF93AFD95F906" bold="true" box="[532,621,1665,1691]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57C9911E3B48FDFDF93AFD95F906" box="[532,621,1665,1691]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FD95F93AFD37F906" box="[636,719,1665,1691]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="evae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FD95F93AFD37F906" box="[636,719,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. evae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FCEFF93AFC45F906" baseAuthorityName="Ridley and Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[774,957,1665,1691]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rectangularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FCEFF93AFC45F906" box="[774,957,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. rectangularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clearly sister morphospecies, and their molecular taxonomic differences are also reflected by molecular data (see on the sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08802911E3B48FB2FF91EFADEF922" box="[1222,1318,1701,1727]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FAA3F91EFA64F922" box="[1354,1436,1701,1727]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="evae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FAA3F91EFA64F922" box="[1354,1436,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. evae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
CASIZ192775,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A25911E3B48FEA5F972FE6AF97E" box="[332,402,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1733,1758]" captionTargetBox="[428,1156,182,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[428,1159,181,1708]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum-likelihood phylogram of the DNA sequences of this study in comparison with other, published cornivorous sponges. Sequences from taxa of this study are in bold. Number at the branches are RAxML rapid bootstrap values. Numbers following the taxa are either QM registration numbers (QM G3xxxxx) or NCBI Genbank accession numbers. Scale bare are substitutions per site. Please note that the reconstruction does not represent a phylogeny as due to the variability of the 28SrRNA gene C-Region barcoding marker no unambiguous alignment is possible and clipping ambiguous sites would remove diagnostic characters for taxon distinction. The tree therefore indicates molecular differences rather than a robust phylogeny." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825146/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Population genetic data is required to explain the pan-Pacific distribution of this species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B48FF2EF8AAFF1EF826" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FF2EF8AAFE1DF8B6" author="Gocke & Janussen" box="[199,485,1809,1835]" firstAuthor="Gocke" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="28 - 101" refId="ref73196" refString="Gocke, C. & Janussen, D. (2013) Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition- Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea. Zootaxa, 3692 (1), 28 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3692.1.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Göcke & Janussen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provide a good discussion of similar species including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FBACF8AAFE9CF8D2" authority="Gocke & Janussen, 2013" authorityName="Gocke & Janussen" authorityYear="2013" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="penniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FBACF8AAFAB6F8B6" box="[1093,1358,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cladorhiza penniformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FABAF8AAFE9CF8D2" author="Gocke & Janussen" firstAuthor="Gocke" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="28 - 101" refId="ref73196" refString="Gocke, C. & Janussen, D. (2013) Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition- Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea. Zootaxa, 3692 (1), 28 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3692.1.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Göcke & Janussen, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but that Antarctic species is described as feather-like with the filaments predominantly in one plane, and a slightly thinner and flattened stem. This new sponge species is also very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FB59F8E2FEDAF80A" authority="(Lundsten et al., 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Lundsten" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caillieti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FB59F8E2FADDF8EE" box="[1200,1317,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C. caillieti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FADBF8E2FEE2F80A" author="Lundsten" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lundsten" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="101 - 123" refId="ref75545" refString="Lundsten, L., Reiswig, H. M. & Austin, W. C. (2014) Four new species of Cladorhizidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Northeast Pacific. Zootaxa, 3786 (2), 101 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3786.2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lundsten
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF7EF8C5FF28F80A" box="[151,208,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, again, it has almost twice as many rows of lateral processes and has different shaped anisochelae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC436A0911E3B49FF2EF87EFBF5FF4A" blockId="80.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="81.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911E3B48FF2EF87EFDAFF842" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" box="[199,599,1989,2015]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="segonzaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911E3B48FF2EF87EFE41F842" box="[199,441,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Cladorhiza segonzaci</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911E3B48FE56F87EFDAFF842" author="Vacelet" box="[447,599,1989,2015]" firstAuthor="Vacelet" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="553 - 584" refId="ref77005" refString="Vacelet, J. (2006) New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 148, 553 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2006.00234. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Vacelet, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has some similarities to the new species; however, the new species has a second larger size category of anisochelae, and larger styles than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911F3B49FC6AFF22FBE9FF2E" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" box="[899,1041,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="segonzaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FC6AFF22FBE9FF2E" box="[899,1041,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C. segonzaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It also vaguely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D23911F3B49FAA8FF21FDFFFF4A" authority="(Lambe, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Lambe" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Lycopodina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEAB2911F3B49FAA8FF21FEAFFF4A" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Lycopodina occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B51911F3B49FE8FFF06FE06FF4A" author="Lambe" box="[358,510,189,215]" firstAuthor="Lambe" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="25 - 43" refId="ref74856" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1893 [1894]) Sponges from the Pacific coast of Canada. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 11 (4), 25 - 43, pls. II-IV." type="journal article" year="1893">Lambe, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but of course has very different microscleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |