treatments-xml/data/03/D2/87/03D287B2FF8B361E9AD7FBE02F25FA0D.xml

<document id="238B3804A5236E375A81FD3DAF84A97E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261270" ID-ZooBank="37D2D7F2-FA0C-40E9-B6D0-9C74EBB6C7F0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629845627142" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Reiswig, Henry M. &amp; Stone, Robert P." docDate="2013" docId="03D287B2FF8B361E9AD7FBE02F25FA0D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03628p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3628 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Staurocalyptus tylotus Reiswig &amp; Stone 2013, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFEBFFCAFFB836299A40FF842E67FFFC" masterDocTitle="&lt;strong&gt; New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska &lt;/ strong&gt;" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1699120432012" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3F68C3C7F3435990DB2014C7EF3EE295">&lt;strong&gt; New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska &lt;/ strong&gt;</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C10FCCA7379D86870223A0397A9C340E">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D287B2FF8B361E9AD7FBE02F25FA0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF8B361E9AD7FBE02F25FA0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B2FF8B361E9AD7FBE02F25FA0D" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8B361A9AD7FBE02F8CFB81" blockId="51.[151,491,1123,1182]" box="[151,491,1123,1150]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="D08C81C8FF8B361A9AD7FBE02F8CFB81" bold="true" box="[151,491,1123,1150]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8B361A9AD7FBE02F8CFB81" bold="true" box="[151,491,1123,1150]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8B361A9AD7FBE02FC7FB82" ID-CoL="4ZLZ4" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,416,1124,1150]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8B361A9AD7FBE02FC7FB82" bold="true" box="[151,416,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Staurocalyptus tylotus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFF8B361A9BE8FBE72F8CFB81" box="[424,491,1123,1149]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8B361A9AD7FB022FD5FB62" blockId="51.[151,491,1123,1182]" box="[151,434,1158,1182]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
(
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8B361A9ADFFB022E9CFB62" box="[159,251,1158,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-179@52.[166,1422,193,1700]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 25. Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., body and surfaces. A. Holotype, dry, both sides. B. Holotype, dry, terminal osculum view. C. Papillate lateral surface of holotype, dry. D. Paratype, dry, both sides. E. Paratype, closer view of oscular margin, projecting prostalia and upper atrial surface. F. Dermal surface of holotype. G. Closer view of dermal surface of holotype showing spicule lattice. H. Atrial surface of holotype with exhalant canals covered. I. Closer view of H. J. Closer view of atrial surface cover (compare with dermal surface G -- same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261322/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 25</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8B361A9B5EFB022F5BFB62" box="[286,316,1158,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">26</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFF8B361A9B08FB022FCEFB62" box="[328,425,1158,1182]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="54.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 13. Spicule dimensions of Staurocalyptus tylotus, n. sp., USNM# 1196561, holotype, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Table 13</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8B361A9AD7FB4A2DE8FB18" blockId="51.[151,911,1230,1253]" box="[151,911,1230,1253]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Synonymy. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8B361A9B4FFB4B2C5BFB19" authority="" box="[271,572,1231,1253]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Acanthascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Staurocalyptus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8B361A9B4FFB4B2C5BFB19" box="[271,572,1231,1253]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Acanthascus (Staurocalyptus)</emphasis>
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sp. nov. 1. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8B361A98F0FB4A2DEDFB18" author="Stone, R. P. &amp; Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. M." box="[688,906,1230,1253]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref37879" refString="Stone, R. P., Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. (2011) A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS, 12, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2011">
Stone 
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8B361A98B0FB4B2D7BFB19" box="[752,796,1231,1253]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
., 2011: 30
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8B361A9AD7FA952D81FA8D" blockId="51.[151,1436,1297,2005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="3B133CF9FF8B361A9AD7FA952D81FA8D" collectingDate="2004-07-02" collectionCode="RV" county="Velero" elevation="155" latitude="51.622032" location="Kanaga Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-177.23917" municipality="Adak Canyon" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="USNM# 1196561, USNM# 1196562" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="holotype">
Material examined. 
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: 
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDFFF8B361A9BB1FA952CDBFAD5" box="[497,700,1297,1321]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">USNM# 1196561</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE61FF8B361A9888FA962C8BFAD5" box="[712,748,1298,1321]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">RV</collectionCode>
' 
<collectingCounty id="62A54E28FF8B361A98B7FA952D25FAD5" box="[759,834,1297,1321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Velero</collectingCounty>
IV', stn T-5E, 6-m shrimp trawl, 
<date id="FFC51064FF8B361A9EFEFA952B34FAD5" box="[1214,1363,1297,1321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004-07-02">
<collectingDate id="EF81E98CFF8B361A9EFEFA952B34FAD5" box="[1214,1363,1297,1321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004-07-02">02 July 2004</collectingDate>
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, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDEFF8B361A9F1FFA952E96FAB1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Adak Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A762F86FF8B361A9ABCFAB12C6FFAB1" box="[252,520,1333,1357]" location="Cape Tusik" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8B361A9ABCFAB12F2EFAB1" box="[252,329,1333,1357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="6.6">6.6 km</quantity>
SSE Cape Tusik
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, 
<location id="8EA4607FFF8B361A9852FAB22CD1FAB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF8B361E9AD7FBE02F25FA0D:8EA4607FFF8B361A9852FAB22CD1FAB1" box="[530,694,1333,1358]" county="Velero" latitude="51.622032" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-177.23917" municipality="Adak Canyon" name="Kanaga Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Alaska">Kanaga Island</location>
, 
<location id="8EA4607FFF8B361A9880FAB12D1EFAB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FF8B361E9AD7FBE02F25FA0D:8EA4607FFF8B361A9880FAB12D1EFAB1" box="[704,889,1333,1357]" county="Velero" latitude="51.622032" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-177.23917" municipality="Adak Canyon" name="Aleutian Islands" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Alaska">Aleutian Islands</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BFF846FF8B361A99C5FAB12DB2FAB1" box="[901,981,1333,1357]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Alaska</collectingRegion>
, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FF8B361A9E39FAB12B7FFAB1" box="[1145,1304,1333,1357]" degrees="177" direction="west" minutes="14.350" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="1" value="-177.23917">177º14.350'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
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<elevation id="0056D197FF8B361A9F63FAB12B0CFAB1" box="[1315,1387,1333,1357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="155.0">155 m</elevation>
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, dry &amp; ethanol; 
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: 
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDFFF8B361A9BC4FADD2C29FA8D" box="[388,590,1369,1393]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">USNM# 1196562</specimenCode>
. same trawl/location, dry &amp; ethanol.
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<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8B361A9A87FAF92CB8F829" blockId="51.[151,1436,1297,2005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Description. The 
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is a thick-walled sac (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8B361A98A9FAF92D1BFA69" box="[745,892,1405,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-179@52.[166,1422,193,1700]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 25. Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., body and surfaces. A. Holotype, dry, both sides. B. Holotype, dry, terminal osculum view. C. Papillate lateral surface of holotype, dry. D. Paratype, dry, both sides. E. Paratype, closer view of oscular margin, projecting prostalia and upper atrial surface. F. Dermal surface of holotype. G. Closer view of dermal surface of holotype showing spicule lattice. H. Atrial surface of holotype with exhalant canals covered. I. Closer view of H. J. Closer view of atrial surface cover (compare with dermal surface G -- same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261322/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 25A, B</figureCitation>
), fresh on deck measuring 
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long by 
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8B361A9F2BFAF92EDEFA45" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="12.8">12.8 cm</quantity>
diameter; wall thickness is up to 
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in the middle. The large terminal osculum has a slight marginal fringe of spicules that do not differ from the sparse lateral prostalia. The outer surface of this trawled specimen is exceptionally ragged with most areas bearing conspicuous bud-like digitate papillae or lobes (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8B361A9EF3FA6D2B7DF9FD" box="[1203,1306,1513,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-179@52.[166,1422,193,1700]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 25. Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., body and surfaces. A. Holotype, dry, both sides. B. Holotype, dry, terminal osculum view. C. Papillate lateral surface of holotype, dry. D. Paratype, dry, both sides. E. Paratype, closer view of oscular margin, projecting prostalia and upper atrial surface. F. Dermal surface of holotype. G. Closer view of dermal surface of holotype showing spicule lattice. H. Atrial surface of holotype with exhalant canals covered. I. Closer view of H. J. Closer view of atrial surface cover (compare with dermal surface G -- same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261322/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
), which are terminally rounded, each bearing a tuft of prostalia projecting up to 
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. Papillae have wide or narrow (stalk-like) attachments to the general body surface; they are 1.3–4.0– 
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8B361A9966F9B52D1CF9B5" box="[806,891,1585,1609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
in width (n = 54) and 1.9–5.3– 
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8B361A9E9CF9B52B56F9B5" box="[1244,1329,1585,1609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
in height (n = 51). Valleys between the papillae are often deep and extensive, but in areas where papillae are laterally fused to form ridges, the valleys become shorter and, ultimately, in places, rounded holes, 2.9–4.2–7.0 mm in diameter (n = 14). The 
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(
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8B361A9BC4F9192C72F949" box="[388,533,1693,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-179@52.[166,1422,193,1700]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 25. Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., body and surfaces. A. Holotype, dry, both sides. B. Holotype, dry, terminal osculum view. C. Papillate lateral surface of holotype, dry. D. Paratype, dry, both sides. E. Paratype, closer view of oscular margin, projecting prostalia and upper atrial surface. F. Dermal surface of holotype. G. Closer view of dermal surface of holotype showing spicule lattice. H. Atrial surface of holotype with exhalant canals covered. I. Closer view of H. J. Closer view of atrial surface cover (compare with dermal surface G -- same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261322/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 25D, E</figureCitation>
) is very similar in all characters to the 
<typeStatus id="54C08806FF8B361A998CF9192A49F949" box="[972,1070,1693,1717]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except it is smaller, 8.0 cm long by 
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diameter, wall thickness to 
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at middle, has much denser cover of slightly longer prostal diactins (project to 
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8B361A9B54F9622F3FF901" box="[276,344,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
) and less papillar fusion. Neither specimen has a veil; hypodermal pentactins remain within the outer wall. Exposed surfaces such as tops and sides of papillae, as opposed to the valley floors, are covered by an irregular quadrate lattice of loose spicules with mesh size of 45–82– 
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8B361A99D4F8A92D89F8B9" box="[916,1006,1837,1861]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="113.0">113 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8B361A99BDF8A92AEBF8B9" box="[1021,1164,1837,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-179@52.[166,1422,193,1700]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 25. Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., body and surfaces. A. Holotype, dry, both sides. B. Holotype, dry, terminal osculum view. C. Papillate lateral surface of holotype, dry. D. Paratype, dry, both sides. E. Paratype, closer view of oscular margin, projecting prostalia and upper atrial surface. F. Dermal surface of holotype. G. Closer view of dermal surface of holotype showing spicule lattice. H. Atrial surface of holotype with exhalant canals covered. I. Closer view of H. J. Closer view of atrial surface cover (compare with dermal surface G -- same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261322/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 25F, G</figureCitation>
); inhalant canals are not visually apparent. The atrial surface is smooth, with visually obvious exhalant canals covered by a coarse irregular spicular lattice formed of hypodermal diactin trains with atrial spicules scattered along those, not forming a rectangular grid; mesh size is 115–420–883 µm (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8B361A9896F81D2D00F84D" box="[726,871,1945,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="52.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,193,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-179@52.[166,1422,193,1700]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURE 25. Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., body and surfaces. A. Holotype, dry, both sides. B. Holotype, dry, terminal osculum view. C. Papillate lateral surface of holotype, dry. D. Paratype, dry, both sides. E. Paratype, closer view of oscular margin, projecting prostalia and upper atrial surface. F. Dermal surface of holotype. G. Closer view of dermal surface of holotype showing spicule lattice. H. Atrial surface of holotype with exhalant canals covered. I. Closer view of H. J. Closer view of atrial surface cover (compare with dermal surface G -- same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261322/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 25H–J</figureCitation>
). Body texture is soft and pliable; color alive is golden brown, light brown when preserved or dried.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662CFF8C361D9AD7F93D2D61F8B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261322/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,250,1721,1744]" targetBox="[166,1421,193,1700]" targetPageId="52">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8C361D9AD7F93D2D61F8B6" blockId="52.[151,1436,1721,1866]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8C361D9AD7F93D2F78F92C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1721,1744]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8C361D9B65F93E2C62F92C" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[293,517,1722,1744]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8C361D9B65F93E2C62F92C" box="[293,517,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Staurocalyptus tylotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFF8C361D984BF93E2C25F933" box="[523,578,1722,1743]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, body and surfaces. A. Holotype, dry, both sides. B. Holotype, dry, terminal osculum view. C. Papillate lateral surface of holotype, dry. D. Paratype, dry, both sides. E. Paratype, closer view of oscular margin, projecting prostalia and upper atrial surface. F. Dermal surface of holotype. G. Closer view of dermal surface of holotype showing spicule lattice. H. Atrial surface of holotype with exhalant canals covered. I. Closer view of H. J. Closer view of atrial surface cover (compare with dermal surface G -- same scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8C361C9A87F8F42B07FDC0" blockId="52.[151,1437,1904,2037]" lastBlockId="53.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Megascleres: (spicule dimensions are given in 
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFF8C361D98A0F8F42D21F874" box="[736,838,1904,1928]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="54.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 13. Spicule dimensions of Staurocalyptus tylotus, n. sp., USNM# 1196561, holotype, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Table 13</tableCitation>
). Prostal diactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8C361D9E5CF8F42AE3F874" box="[1052,1156,1904,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
) are slightly curved and taper to rounded or pointed finely roughened tips. No middle swelling occurs and an axial cross was not found. Hypodermal pentactins are never in a raised position (no veil) and occur in two forms, those with normal proportions (proximal ray length ca 1.5 x tangential ray length) and proximal ray not swollen and those with short tangential rays (proximal ray&gt;5x tangential ray length) and proximal ray swollen along upper half (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8D361C9F65FF132BE8FF53" box="[1317,1423,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
). Tangential ray tips are parabolic-rounded and proximal ray tips are pointed; both are rough at ends only. Both are strictly crucial and all tangential rays are smooth, never thorned. Dermalia are relatively small, entirely rough spicules occurring as hexactins (55%), often with short distal ray, pentactins (36%) and stauractins (9%) (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8D361C9F2EFE802EADFEC3" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
). Rays are cylindrical and tips are often rounded, but some are parabolic. Atrialia are larger and less rough, occurring as hexactins (94%) with distal (projecting) ray longer or shorter than tangential rays, pentactins (3%), and triactins (3%) (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8D361C9B2DFEEB2FB1FE7B" box="[365,470,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
). Rays are very slightly tapering and end in sharp tips. Atrial and parenchymal diactins are generally longer and thinner than hypodermal diactins, but they have great overlap. Their measurements are presented separately, but they are morphologically similar (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8D361C996DFE332DF5FE33" box="[813,914,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 26E</figureCitation>
), mainly smooth with sharp rough tips, with or without a slight axial swelling. A distinct class of short, stout, rough diactins (not figured) is associated with both subdermal and subatrial areas, but absent from parenchymal tissues. While these are shorter than the normal diactins, they are larger than dermalia and atralia and are not here considered to be part of those assemblages.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662CFF8D361C9AD7F8D12AA9F80F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" targetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8D361C9AD7F8D12AA9F80F" blockId="53.[151,1437,1877,2035]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8D361C9AD7F8D12F78F890" bold="true" box="[151,287,1877,1900]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
Spicules of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8D361C9BDCF8D22C1BF890" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[412,636,1878,1900]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8D361C9BDCF8D22C1BF890" box="[412,636,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Staurocalyptus tylotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFF8D361C98C1F8D32CDEF890" box="[641,697,1879,1900]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF04662CFF8E361F9AD7FF132C87FF33" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" startId="54.[151,239,151,175]">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8E361F9AD7FF132BFBFF53" blockId="54.[151,1436,151,207]" box="[151,1436,151,175]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8E361F9AD7FF132F7DFF53" bold="true" box="[151,282,151,175]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">TABLE 13.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8E361F985FFF1C2D6AFF53" authority="Reiswig &amp; Stone, 2013" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[543,781,152,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8E361F985FFF1C2D6AFF53" box="[543,781,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Staurocalyptus tylotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23C57CDFF8E361F995EFF1C2D3BFF53" box="[798,860,152,175]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, USNM# 1196561, holotype, from Aleutian Islands,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8E361F9AD7FF3C2C87FF33" blockId="54.[151,1436,151,207]" box="[151,736,184,207]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8E361F9B82FF752B0BF914" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<table id="F97BC404FF8EC9D69AE5FF742B14F914" box="[165,1395,240,1768]" colsContinueFrom="48.[165,1395,240,1583]" colsContinueIn="59.[165,1388,240,2023]" gridcols="5" gridrows="35" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FF742B14FEFA" box="[165,1395,240,262]" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FF742C3AFEFA" box="[165,605,240,262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">parameter</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FF742DD7FEFA" box="[889,944,240,262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">mean</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FF742A48FEFA" box="[1026,1071,240,262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">s. d.</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FF742A9EFEFA" box="[1158,1273,240,262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">range</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFF742B14FEFA" box="[1357,1395,240,262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FE982B14FECE" box="[165,1395,284,306]" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FE982C3AFECE" box="[165,605,284,306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Prostal thick diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FE982DD7FECE" box="[889,944,284,306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">7.29</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FE982A48FECE" box="[1026,1071,284,306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.21</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FE982A9EFECE" box="[1158,1273,284,306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">4.35–10.13</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFE982B14FECE" box="[1357,1395,284,306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">136</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FECD2B14FEA3" box="[165,1395,329,351]" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FECD2C3AFEA3" box="[165,605,329,351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FECD2DD7FEA3" box="[889,944,329,351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">57.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FECD2A48FEA3" box="[1026,1071,329,351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">10.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FECD2A9EFEA3" box="[1158,1273,329,351]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">34.4–92.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFECD2B14FEA3" box="[1357,1395,329,351]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">148</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FEF12B14FE77" box="[165,1395,373,395]" gridrow="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FEF12B14FE77" box="[165,1395,373,395]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hypodermal pentactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FE252B14FE4B" box="[165,1395,417,439]" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FE252C3AFE4B" box="[165,605,417,439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">tangential ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FE252DD7FE4B" box="[889,944,417,439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.46</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FE252A48FE4B" box="[1026,1071,417,439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.18</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FE252A9EFE4B" box="[1158,1273,417,439]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.21–1.09</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFE252B14FE4B" box="[1357,1395,417,439]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FE4A2B14FE18" box="[165,1395,462,484]" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FE4A2C3AFE18" box="[165,605,462,484]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">tangential ray base width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FE4A2DD7FE18" box="[889,944,462,484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">19.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FE4A2A48FE18" box="[1026,1071,462,484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">3.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FE4A2A9EFE18" box="[1158,1273,462,484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">8.9–26.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFE4A2B14FE18" box="[1357,1395,462,484]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FE7E2B14FDEC" box="[165,1395,506,528]" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FE7E2C3AFDEC" box="[165,605,506,528]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">proximal ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FE7E2DD7FDEC" box="[889,944,506,528]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.79</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FE7E2A48FDEC" box="[1026,1071,506,528]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.39</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FE7E2A9EFDEC" box="[1158,1273,506,528]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.90–3.02</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFE7E2B14FDEC" box="[1357,1395,506,528]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FDA22B14FDC0" box="[165,1395,550,572]" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FDA22C3AFDC0" box="[165,605,550,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">proximal ray basal width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FDA22DD7FDC0" box="[889,944,550,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">22.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FDA22A48FDC0" box="[1026,1071,550,572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">3.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FDA22A9EFDC0" box="[1158,1273,550,572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">16.2–31.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFDA22B14FDC0" box="[1357,1395,550,572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FDD62B14FD94" box="[165,1395,594,616]" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FDD62C3AFD94" box="[165,605,594,616]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">proximal ray maximum width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FDD62DD7FD94" box="[889,944,594,616]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">28.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FDD62A48FD94" box="[1026,1071,594,616]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">4.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FDD62A9EFD94" box="[1158,1273,594,616]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">18.7–39.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFDD62B14FD94" box="[1357,1395,594,616]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FDFB2B14FD69" box="[165,1395,639,661]" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FDFB2C3AFD69" box="[165,605,639,661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hexactin dermalia longest ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FDFB2DD7FD69" box="[889,944,639,661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">92.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FDFB2A48FD69" box="[1026,1071,639,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">15.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FDFB2A9EFD69" box="[1158,1273,639,661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">56.1–126.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFDFB2B14FD69" box="[1357,1395,639,661]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FD2F2B14FD3D" box="[165,1395,683,705]" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FD2F2C3AFD3D" box="[165,605,683,705]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">shortest ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FD2F2DD7FD3D" box="[889,944,683,705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">37.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FD2F2A48FD3D" box="[1026,1071,683,705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">13.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FD2F2A9EFD3D" box="[1158,1273,683,705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">17.3–77.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFD2F2B14FD3D" box="[1357,1395,683,705]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FD532B14FD11" box="[165,1395,727,749]" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FD532C3AFD11" box="[165,605,727,749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">longest ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FD532DD7FD11" box="[889,944,727,749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">6.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FD532A48FD11" box="[1026,1071,727,749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FD532A9EFD11" box="[1158,1273,727,749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">4.6–9.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFD532B14FD11" box="[1357,1395,727,749]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FC872B14FCE5" box="[165,1395,771,793]" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FC872C3AFCE5" box="[165,605,771,793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pentactin dermalia tangential ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FC872DD7FCE5" box="[889,944,771,793]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">95.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FC872A48FCE5" box="[1026,1071,771,793]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">16.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FC872A9EFCE5" box="[1158,1273,771,793]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">62.0–129.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFC872B14FCE5" box="[1357,1395,771,793]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FCB42B14FCBA" box="[165,1395,816,838]" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FCB42C3AFCBA" box="[165,605,816,838]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FCB42DD7FCBA" box="[889,944,816,838]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">7.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FCB42A48FCBA" box="[1026,1071,816,838]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FCB42A9EFCBA" box="[1158,1273,816,838]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">4.8–10.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFCB42B14FCBA" box="[1357,1395,816,838]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FCD82B14FC8E" box="[165,1395,860,882]" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FCD82C3AFC8E" box="[165,605,860,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FCD82DD7FC8E" box="[889,944,860,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">77.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FCD82A48FC8E" box="[1026,1071,860,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">15.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FCD82A9EFC8E" box="[1158,1273,860,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">39.8–130.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFCD82B14FC8E" box="[1357,1395,860,882]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FC0C2B14FC62" box="[165,1395,904,926]" gridrow="15" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FC0C2C3AFC62" box="[165,605,904,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FC0C2DD7FC62" box="[889,944,904,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">7.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FC0C2A48FC62" box="[1026,1071,904,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FC0C2A9EFC62" box="[1158,1273,904,926]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">4.3–9.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFC0C2B14FC62" box="[1357,1395,904,926]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FC312B14FC37" box="[165,1395,949,971]" gridrow="16" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FC312C3AFC37" box="[165,605,949,971]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Stauractin dermalia ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FC312DD7FC37" box="[889,944,949,971]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">99.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FC312A48FC37" box="[1026,1071,949,971]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">14.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FC312A9EFC37" box="[1158,1273,949,971]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">75.9–139.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFC312B14FC37" box="[1357,1395,949,971]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FC652B14FC0B" box="[165,1395,993,1015]" gridrow="17" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FC652C3AFC0B" box="[165,605,993,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FC652DD7FC0B" box="[889,944,993,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">7.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FC652A48FC0B" box="[1026,1071,993,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FC652A9EFC0B" box="[1158,1273,993,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">4.7–11.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFC652B14FC0B" box="[1357,1395,993,1015]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FB892B14FBDF" box="[165,1395,1037,1059]" gridrow="18" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FB892C3AFBDF" box="[165,605,1037,1059]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hexactin atrialia longest ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FB892DD7FBDF" box="[889,944,1037,1059]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">216</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FB892A48FBDF" box="[1026,1071,1037,1059]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">42</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FB892A9EFBDF" box="[1158,1273,1037,1059]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">144–326</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFB892B14FBDF" box="[1357,1395,1037,1059]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FBBD2B14FBB3" box="[165,1395,1081,1103]" gridrow="19" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FBBD2C3AFBB3" box="[165,605,1081,1103]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">shortest ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FBBD2DD7FBB3" box="[889,944,1081,1103]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">136</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FBBD2A48FBB3" box="[1026,1071,1081,1103]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FBBD2A9EFBB3" box="[1158,1273,1081,1103]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">43–218</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFBBD2B14FBB3" box="[1357,1395,1081,1103]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FBE22B14FB80" box="[165,1395,1126,1148]" gridrow="20" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FBE22C3AFB80" box="[165,605,1126,1148]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">longest ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FBE22DD7FB80" box="[889,944,1126,1148]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">14.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FBE22A48FB80" box="[1026,1071,1126,1148]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FBE22A9EFB80" box="[1158,1273,1126,1148]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">7.7–20.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFBE22B14FB80" box="[1357,1395,1126,1148]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FB162B14FB54" box="[165,1395,1170,1192]" gridrow="21" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FB162C3AFB54" box="[165,605,1170,1192]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Atrial &amp; parenchymal diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FB162DD7FB54" box="[889,944,1170,1192]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">3.13</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FB162A48FB54" box="[1026,1071,1170,1192]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.30</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FB162A9EFB54" box="[1158,1273,1170,1192]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.11–6.84</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFB162B14FB54" box="[1357,1395,1170,1192]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FB3A2B14FB28" box="[165,1395,1214,1236]" gridrow="22" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FB3A2C3AFB28" box="[165,605,1214,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FB3A2DD7FB28" box="[889,944,1214,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">15.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FB3A2A48FB28" box="[1026,1071,1214,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">6.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FB3A2A9EFB28" box="[1158,1273,1214,1236]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">5.7–35.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFB3A2B14FB28" box="[1357,1395,1214,1236]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FB6F2B14FAFD" box="[165,1395,1259,1281]" gridrow="23" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FB6F2C3AFAFD" box="[165,605,1259,1281]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hypodermal diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FB6F2DD7FAFD" box="[889,944,1259,1281]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2.95</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FB6F2A48FAFD" box="[1026,1071,1259,1281]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.91</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FB6F2A9EFAFD" box="[1158,1273,1259,1281]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.85–4.94</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFB6F2B14FAFD" box="[1357,1395,1259,1281]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FA932B14FAD1" box="[165,1395,1303,1325]" gridrow="24" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FA932C3AFAD1" box="[165,605,1303,1325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FA932DD7FAD1" box="[889,944,1303,1325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">24.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FA932A48FAD1" box="[1026,1071,1303,1325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">7.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FA932A9EFAD1" box="[1158,1273,1303,1325]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">12.4–37.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFA932B14FAD1" box="[1357,1395,1303,1325]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FAC72B14FAA5" box="[165,1395,1347,1369]" gridrow="25" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FAC72C3AFAA5" box="[165,605,1347,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Short dermal and atrial diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FAC72DD7FAA5" box="[889,944,1347,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.00</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FAC72A48FAA5" box="[1026,1071,1347,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.28</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FAC72A9EFAA5" box="[1158,1273,1347,1369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.42–1.85</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFAC72B14FAA5" box="[1357,1395,1347,1369]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">56</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FAF42B14FA7A" box="[165,1395,1392,1414]" gridrow="26" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FAF42C3AFA7A" box="[165,605,1392,1414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FAF42DD7FA7A" box="[889,944,1392,1414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">13.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FAF42A48FA7A" box="[1026,1071,1392,1414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">3.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FAF42A9EFA7A" box="[1158,1273,1392,1414]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">9.0–22.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFAF42B14FA7A" box="[1357,1395,1392,1414]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">56</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FA182B14FA4E" box="[165,1395,1436,1458]" gridrow="27" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FA182C3AFA4E" box="[165,605,1436,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Discoctaster diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FA182DD7FA4E" box="[889,944,1436,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">70.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FA182A48FA4E" box="[1026,1071,1436,1458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">6.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FA182A9EFA4E" box="[1158,1273,1436,1458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">56.2–87.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFA182B14FA4E" box="[1357,1395,1436,1458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FA4C2B14FA22" box="[165,1395,1480,1502]" gridrow="28" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FA4C2C3AFA22" box="[165,605,1480,1502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FA4C2DD7FA22" box="[889,944,1480,1502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">7.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FA4C2A48FA22" box="[1026,1071,1480,1502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">1.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FA4C2A9EFA22" box="[1158,1273,1480,1502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">4.7–11.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFA4C2B14FA22" box="[1357,1395,1480,1502]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5FA702B14F9F6" box="[165,1395,1524,1546]" gridrow="29" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5FA702C3AF9F6" box="[165,605,1524,1546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939FA702DD7F9F6" box="[889,944,1524,1546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">27.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42FA702A48F9F6" box="[1026,1071,1524,1546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6FA702A9EF9F6" box="[1158,1273,1524,1546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">21.2–34.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DFA702B14F9F6" box="[1357,1395,1524,1546]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5F9A52B14F9CB" box="[165,1395,1569,1591]" gridrow="30" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5F9A52C3AF9CB" box="[165,605,1569,1591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Oxyhexactin diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939F9A52DD7F9CB" box="[889,944,1569,1591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">137</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42F9A52A48F9CB" box="[1026,1071,1569,1591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">14</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6F9A52A9EF9CB" box="[1158,1273,1569,1591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">110–172</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DF9A52B14F9CB" box="[1357,1395,1569,1591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5F9C92B14F99F" box="[165,1395,1613,1635]" gridrow="31" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5F9C92C3AF99F" box="[165,605,1613,1635]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939F9C92DD7F99F" box="[889,944,1613,1635]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">3.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42F9C92A48F99F" box="[1026,1071,1613,1635]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6F9C92A9EF99F" box="[1158,1273,1613,1635]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2.6–4.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DF9C92B14F99F" box="[1357,1395,1613,1635]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5F9FD2B14F973" box="[165,1395,1657,1679]" gridrow="32" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5F9FD2C3AF973" box="[165,605,1657,1679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Hemioxyhexactin diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939F9FD2DD7F973" box="[889,944,1657,1679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">123</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42F9FD2A48F973" box="[1026,1071,1657,1679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">19</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6F9FD2A9EF973" box="[1158,1273,1657,1679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">86–175</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DF9FD2B14F973" box="[1357,1395,1657,1679]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5F9222B14F940" box="[165,1395,1702,1724]" gridrow="33" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5F9222C3AF940" box="[165,605,1702,1724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939F9222DD7F940" box="[889,944,1702,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">3.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42F9222A48F940" box="[1026,1071,1702,1724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">0.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6F9222A9EF940" box="[1158,1273,1702,1724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2.3–5.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DF9222B14F940" box="[1357,1395,1702,1724]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FF8EC9D69AE5F9562B14F914" box="[165,1395,1746,1768]" gridrow="34" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<th id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69AE5F9562C3AF914" box="[165,605,1746,1768]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69939F9562DD7F914" box="[889,944,1746,1768]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">58.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69E42F9562A48F914" box="[1026,1071,1746,1768]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">9.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69EC6F9562A9EF914" box="[1158,1273,1746,1768]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">39.4–85.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFF8EC9D69F0DF9562B14F914" box="[1357,1395,1746,1768]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">50</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8E361E9A87F8AE2F12FE98" blockId="54.[151,1436,1834,2002]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1437,151,1039]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
Microscleres consist of one size of discoctasters, a suite of oxy-tipped forms as mostly oxyhexactins (99%) and few hemioxyhexasters (1%), but no fully developed hexasters. All forms are equally abundant in subdermal and subatrial locations. The discoctasters are relatively small, with outcurved floricoidal secondary rays (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8E361F9A9CF8122F2EF852" box="[220,329,1942,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 26F</figureCitation>
). Primary rays are very short, each supporting 3–10 terminal rays ending in symmetric or asymmetrical discs with 10–12 marginal teeth. The eight corner projections of the central cube are developed as short digital rays, occasionally bifurcate, instead of the short knobs on most discoctasters. The oxyhexactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8F361E9ADFFF382F6DFF28" box="[159,266,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 26G</figureCitation>
) and hemioxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8F361E9872FF382CFAFF28" box="[562,669,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 26H</figureCitation>
) are fairly robust and appear smooth in LM, but are found to be sparsely spined in SEM (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FF8F361E9BFBFF5B2C7BFF0B" box="[443,540,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1877,1900]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,625,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-313@53.[166,1422,625,1856]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 26. Spicules of Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp., holotype from the Aleutian Islands (SEM). A. Whole prostal diactin and enlarged tips. B. Hypodermal pentactins in lateral views, with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Dermalia; hexactins with short distal rays, pentactin, stauractin and enlarged ray ends. D. Atrialia, whole and enlarged ray end. E. Parenchymal diactins including enlarged ends. F. Two subdermal discoctasters not differentiated as size classes with enlarged terminal ray ends. G. Oxyhexactin, H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Enlarged center of oxyhexactin to show spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261324" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261324/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 26I</figureCitation>
). Hemihexasterous forms have a total of 7–10 rays. Small spurs up to 12 µm long occur on about 3% of oxyhexactins at any point on their rays. Irregular oxy-tipped spicules as pentactins, tetractins, triactins and diactins do occur very rarely. No microdiscohexasters or their parts were found in extensive searches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9A87FEEB2C37FE50" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1039]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Etymology. The species name, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9871FEF42C1BFE74" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[561,636,368,392]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9871FEF42C1BFE74" box="[561,636,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">tylotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is derived from Greek &quot; 
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E99E2FEF42D8AFE74" box="[930,1005,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">tylotos</emphasis>
&quot; meaning knobby, appropriate to the condition of the outer papillate surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9A87FE332D2CFD13" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1039]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Remarks. Only 2 of the presently recognized 15 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E98A8FE3C2D81FE33" box="[744,998,439,464]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E98A8FE3C2DE9FE2C" box="[744,910,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Staurocalyptus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have discoctasters less than 100 µm in diameter, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9B46FE582C28FE08" authority="Schulze, 1899" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[262,591,476,500]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9B46FE582FCEFE08" box="[262,425,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">S. fasciculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E9BF0FE582C28FE08" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[432,591,476,500]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref37688" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena. 126 pp, 19 pls." type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E98C6FE582DBDFE08" authority="Okada, 1932" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1932" box="[646,986,476,500]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugocruciatus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E98C6FE582D27FE08" box="[646,832,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">S. rugocruciatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E9907FE582DBDFE08" author="Okada, Y." box="[839,986,476,500]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref36909" refString="Okada, Y. (1932) Report on the hexactinellid sponges collected by the United States Fisheries steamer ' Albatross' in the northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2935), 1 - 118, pls 1 - 6. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2935.1" type="journal article" year="1932">Okada, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Review of 
<typeStatus id="54C08806FF8F361E9E21FE582AF6FE08" box="[1121,1169,476,500]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
specimens and original descriptions of both show neither of these species is suitable for assignment of the new Aleutian specimens. The discoctasters of both species have short, straight, tightly bundled terminal rays in contrast to the out-curved, long terminal rays in the floricoidal forms of the Aleutian specimens. Other differences are that both species are thinwalled, 
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8F361E9AB8FDE82F27FD7F" box="[248,320,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8F361E9BC7FDE82FA8FD7F" box="[391,463,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
respectively, in contrast to the 28.0 mm and 
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8F361E9E50FDE82A1CFD7F" box="[1040,1147,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="20.8">20.8 mm</quantity>
of the new specimens. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9AD7FD142FABFD54" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,460,656,680]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fasciculatus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9AD7FD142FABFD54" box="[151,460,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Staurocalyptus fasciculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no projecting prostalia and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E997FFD142D9DFD5B" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1932" box="[831,1018,656,680]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rugocruciatus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E997FFD142D9DFD5B" box="[831,1018,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">S. rugocruciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a veil of projecting hypodermal pentactins, both features differing from those of the new specimens. These differences indicate that the Aleutian specimens represent a new species, here designated 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E989EFD5C2D22FD0C" authorityName="Reiswig &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[734,837,728,752]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Staurocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tylotus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E989EFD5C2D22FD0C" box="[734,837,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">S. tylotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9A87FD782C64FC83" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1039]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Floricoidal discoctasters also occur in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E98C6FD782A0EFCE8" authority="Ijima, 1904" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1904" box="[646,1129,764,788]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="unguiculatus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E98C6FD782DB1FCE8" box="[646,982,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus unguiculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E99A1FD782A0EFCE8" author="Ijima, I." box="[993,1129,764,788]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 307" refId="ref35803" refString="Ijima, I. (1904) Studies on the Hexactinellida. Contribution IV. (Rossellidae). Journal of the College of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 18 (7), 1 - 307, pls I - XXIII." type="journal article" year="1904">Ijima, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9EEAFD792EB5FCCB" authority="Okada, 1932" authorityName="Okada" authorityYear="1932" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bidentatus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9EEAFD792B26FCE8" box="[1194,1345,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">R. bidentatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E9F0CFD782EB5FCCB" author="Okada, Y." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 118" refId="ref36909" refString="Okada, Y. (1932) Report on the hexactinellid sponges collected by the United States Fisheries steamer ' Albatross' in the northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2935), 1 - 118, pls 1 - 6. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2935.1" type="journal article" year="1932">Okada, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. If this similarity is seriously considered or proven to be phylogenetically shared, it could serve as an argument for discounting the importance of hypodermalia thorns and lead to a reorganization of the present grouping of acanthascid species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9A87FC082DA6FBF3" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,1039]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
The new specimens were collected on relatively flat seafloor composed of sand, pebbles, and cobbles. They were attached to small cobbles and pebbles imbedded in the sediment. Review of all video footage collected with the ROV 'Jason II' indicate that it is a common species, locally abundant in some areas and occurring at depths between 139 and 
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD2DFF8F361E9B1BFC732FCEFBF3" box="[347,425,1015,1039]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C839B41FF8F361E9B1BFC732FC2FBF3" box="[347,421,1015,1039]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="183.0">183 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
No 
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9B99FC7C2C79FBF3" box="[473,542,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">in situ</emphasis>
images are available for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9AD7FBE72C70FB81" blockId="55.[151,535,1123,1150]" box="[151,535,1123,1150]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9AD7FBE72C70FB81" bold="true" box="[151,535,1123,1150]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9AAEFBE02C70FB81" authority="Schulze" authorityName="Schulze" box="[238,535,1123,1150]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9AAEFBE02FD7FB82" bold="true" box="[238,432,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus</emphasis>
Schulze
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9AD7FB2E2DF7FB23" blockId="55.[151,1435,1194,1247]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Synonymy. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9B4FFB2E2C17FB3C" authority="Schulze, 1886: 51" authorityName="Schulze" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1886" box="[271,624,1194,1216]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9B4FFB2E2FD5FB3C" box="[271,434,1194,1216]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E9BF8FB2E2C17FB3C" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[440,624,1194,1216]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref37479" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1886) Uber den Bau und das System der Hexactinelliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (Physikalisch-Mathematische Classe), 1886, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1886">Schulze, 1886: 51</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Part of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9882FB2E2D25FB3C" authorityName="Tabachnick 2002:" authorityYear="1447" box="[706,834,1194,1216]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Acanthascus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9882FB2E2D25FB3C" box="[706,834,1194,1216]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Acanthascus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- Tabachnick 2002: 1447. Part of 
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9ED8FB2E2B5AFB3C" box="[1176,1341,1194,1216]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9ED8FB2E2B57FB3C" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1899" box="[1176,1328,1194,1216]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Acanthosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Acanthosaccus</taxonomicName>
-
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9F04FB2E2F18FB23" authority="Schulze, 1899: 65" authorityName="Schulze" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1899" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Acanthosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9F04FB2E2BFCFB3C" box="[1348,1435,1194,1216]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">A. tenuis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E9A87FB4D2F18FB23" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[199,383,1225,1247]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref37688" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1899) Amerikanische Hexactinelliden, nach dem Materiale der Albatross-Expedition. Fischer, Jena. 126 pp, 19 pls." type="book" year="1899">Schulze, 1899: 65</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9BB2FB4D2DEBFB23" authority="Tabachnick 2002: 1449" authorityName="Tabachnick 2002:" authorityPageNumber="1449" authorityYear="1449" box="[498,908,1225,1247]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9BB2FB4D2CF2FB23" box="[498,661,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus</emphasis>
Tabachnick 2002: 1449
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9AD7FA832CC5FAE0" blockId="55.[151,674,1286,1309]" box="[151,674,1286,1309]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<typeStatus id="54C08806FF8F361E9AD7FA832EACFAE0" box="[151,203,1287,1308]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9B66FA832CC5FAE0" authority="Schulze, 1886" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" box="[294,674,1286,1309]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9B66FA832C6AFAE1" box="[294,525,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus mollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FF8F361E9854FA822CC5FAE0" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[532,674,1286,1308]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 97" refId="ref37479" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1886) Uber den Bau und das System der Hexactinelliden. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (Physikalisch-Mathematische Classe), 1886, 1 - 97." type="journal article" year="1886">Schulze, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9AD7FACD2D67FA55" blockId="55.[151,1436,1353,1521]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Genus diagnosis. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9B1CFACD2F98FA9D" box="[348,511,1353,1377]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acanthascinae">Acanthascinae</taxonomicName>
with large pentactins that form a continuous hypodermal lattice supporting smaller dermal spicules; some hypodermal pentactins bear large thorns on their tangential rays (modified from of Tabachnick 2002: 1450 for subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E987BFA152C88FA55" authorityName="Tabachnick 2002:" authorityYear="1449" box="[571,751,1425,1449]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E987BFA152C88FA55" box="[571,751,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FF8F361E9A87FA312F25FA0D" blockId="55.[151,1436,1353,1521]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Remarks. The taxon 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9B90FA312CE3FA31" authorityName="Tabachnick 2002:" authorityYear="1449" box="[464,644,1461,1485]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Rhabdocalyptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FF8F361E9B90FA312CE3FA31" box="[464,644,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rhabdocalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reinstated as a genus-level group as proposed above under 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FF8F361E9AD7FA5D2F59FA0D" box="[151,318,1497,1521]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acanthascinae">Acanthascinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>