271 lines
35 KiB
XML
271 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="BFE24C33EA885EF7A5FFBD708DDF9889" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276783" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cbd0de37-eabb-43d6-bae2-ff7fe53daac6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276783" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460235511592" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2011" docId="03D28792FFC8FF9384E411BC686D83F3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02759p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2759" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chitonaster felli H.E.S. Clark 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFEBFFEAFFC4FF9D847312686C098034" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698239547451" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8D0A4624F4184E26825B14EEB7B07E3D">Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="411E9B8762E6FB8F3B063382D357B240">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="70775BC42FB5D111B3D7E19428EA1763">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CDE10A8057D5F12079897ED39239DBE5">
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<mods:date id="E3348996C7CDD18BEAF335D9A5B7EF76">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8360E294B6DF8FC4CFEC95107B6AE0ED" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="203968BF2AC96DDFBC3AED8ECA3E502A">2759</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A61CB11CF33D8E73A05D564829AA4416" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276783</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D28792FFC8FF9384E411BC686D83F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184331" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119388108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184331" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D28792FFC8FF9384E411BC686D83F3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D28792FFC8FF9384E411BC686D83F3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFC8FF9184E411BC6D37843A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC8FF9184E411BC6E6983D9" blockId="12.[151,608,979,1038]" box="[151,608,979,1006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D08C81E8FFC8FF9184E411BC6E6983D9" bold="true" box="[151,608,979,1006]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9184E411BC6E6983D9" ID-CoL="5XW2P" authority="H.E.S. Clark, 1971" authorityName="H.E.S. Clark" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,608,979,1006]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9184E411BC6E6983D9" bold="true" box="[151,608,979,1006]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9184E411BC6D5283DA" bold="true" box="[151,347,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chitonaster felli</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFC8FF91851811BB6E5183D9" author="Clark" box="[363,600,979,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1971) Pentopliidae, a new family of Asteroidea from the South Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 21 (2), 545 - 551." type="journal article" year="1971">H.E.S. Clark, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC8FF9184E4119E6D37843A" blockId="12.[151,608,979,1038]" box="[151,318,1014,1038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13402A01FFC8FF9184ED119E6CF5843A" box="[158,252,1014,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFC8FF9184E416526F1A847B" box="[151,787,1081,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC8FF9184E416526F1A847B" blockId="12.[151,787,1081,1103]" box="[151,787,1081,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFC8FF9184E416526D52847B" author="Clark" box="[151,347,1081,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1971) Pentopliidae, a new family of Asteroidea from the South Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 21 (2), 545 - 551." type="journal article" year="1971">H.E.S. Clark, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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: 546;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFC8FF9185EB16526E59847B" author="Clark" box="[408,592,1081,1103]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 275 (as
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9186DA16516F02847B" box="[681,779,1081,1103]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pentoplia</emphasis>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFC8FF9184E41613693B84A0" box="[151,1330,1147,1172]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC8FF9184E41613693B84A0" blockId="12.[151,1436,1147,2036]" box="[151,1330,1147,1172]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9184E416136D3984A0" bold="true" box="[151,304,1147,1172]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
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South Atlantic-Scotia Sea region near
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF91869616146F8E84A0" box="[741,903,1148,1172]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
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/South
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF9187A41614688C84A0" box="[983,1157,1148,1172]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
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.
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<quantity id="4C839B61FFC8FF9180FC1614692484A0" box="[1167,1325,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0345" metricValueMax="3.714" metricValueMin="2.355" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="3034.5" valueMax="3714.0" valueMin="2355.0">2355–3714 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFC8FF9184B416F7694686E0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC8FF9184B416F76F348558" blockId="12.[151,1436,1147,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9184B416F76D46848C" bold="true" box="[199,335,1183,1208]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Comments.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFC8FF9185FE16C86DB4848C" box="[397,445,1184,1208]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
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specimen for this species, as designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFC8FF9187C816F768A98483" author="Clark" box="[955,1184,1183,1207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1971) Pentopliidae, a new family of Asteroidea from the South Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 21 (2), 545 - 551." type="journal article" year="1971">H.E.S. Clark (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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was apparently never deposited in the USNM collections. An unsuccessful search for the
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFC8FF9187E816AC6FF484E8" box="[923,1021,1220,1244]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF91805616AC68CF84E8" box="[1061,1222,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Pentoplia
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9180E816AC68CF84E8" box="[1179,1222,1220,1244]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">felli</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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was undertaken at the TePapa museum and in the collections of the National Institute of Water and Atmosphere in Wellington,
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF91811416816CF88510" name="New Zealand" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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and the
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFC8FF91852617646DBE8510" box="[341,439,1292,1316]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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could not be located. However, several original
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFC8FF918792176568488511" box="[993,1089,1293,1317]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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specimens have recently been discovered, suggesting the possibility that the
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFC8FF9186D117476F0D8573" box="[674,772,1327,1351]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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may still be extant. Thus, designation of a
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<typeStatus id="54C08826FFC8FF91809C17596941857D" box="[1263,1352,1329,1353]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
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is considered premature until a complete search can be performed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC8FF9184B4171F694686E0" blockId="12.[151,1436,1147,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9184B4171F6E3685A4" bold="true" box="[199,575,1399,1424]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distinctions from other species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF91863517106EF785A4" box="[582,766,1400,1424]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF91863517106EF785A4" box="[582,766,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chitonaster felli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares several characters with
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF91802F171068EC85A4" box="[1116,1253,1400,1424]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF91802F171068EC85A4" box="[1116,1253,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. johannae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including clustered spines on superomarginal and abactinal plates, the presence of transverse arm plates, and a similar triangular arm and large disk body shape.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF91866217A86EC585EC" box="[529,716,1472,1496]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF91866217A86EC585EC" box="[529,716,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chitonaster felli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished by the autapomorphic large and distinctively shaped pedicellariae present in each actinal interradial region. However, other then this large actinal pedicellariae,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9184E414606CEB8614" box="[151,226,1544,1568]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9184E414606CEB8614" box="[151,226,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. felli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacks pedicellariae on other body surfaces.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9186B814606FB78614" box="[715,958,1544,1568]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9186B814606FB78614" box="[715,958,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chitonaster johannae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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possess enlarged and valvate pedicellariae on the actinal interradial and abactinal body surfaces that are similar but not identical to those pedicellariae on
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9181F114456CCA865C" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9181F114456CCA865C" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. felli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9184A214386D80865C" box="[209,393,1616,1640]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9184A214386D80865C" box="[209,393,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chitonaster felli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9185B214386E42865C" box="[449,587,1616,1640]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9185B214386E42865C" box="[449,587,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. johannae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are maintained herein as separate, but given that these two species are distinguished by only one or two characters but share at least four characters. These shared characters suggest that additional specimens and understanding of further morphological variation, could show
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF91800614F068CB8684" box="[1141,1218,1688,1712]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF91800614F068CB8684" box="[1141,1218,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. felli</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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is a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9181F114F06CF686E0" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="johannae">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9181F114F06CF686E0" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. johannae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
. However for now, the characters show distinctiveness and support discontinuity between species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFC8FF9184B414B7695287C0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC8FF9184B414B7695287C0" blockId="12.[151,1436,1147,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF9184B414B76DB886CC" bold="true" box="[199,433,1759,1784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFC8FF9185C914886E0286CC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[442,523,1760,1784]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USNM</collectionCode>
|
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1018660
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C08826FFC8FF91860E14886F0586CC" box="[637,780,1760,1784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
. Southwest of
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF9187C71488685E86CC" box="[948,1111,1760,1784]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF91802C148868AF86CC" box="[1119,1190,1760,1784]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Island</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9180C01488693886CC" authority="Sea." authorityName="Sea." box="[1203,1329,1760,1784]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF9180C0148868F086CC" box="[1203,1273,1760,1784]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scotia</collectingCountry>
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Sea.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFC8FF91814A1488699E86CC" box="[1337,1431,1760,1784]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-55.1">55°06’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFC8FF9184E4156C6CF78728" box="[151,254,1796,1820]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-44.366665">44°22’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFC8FF918578156C6DA28728" box="[267,427,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6685" metricValueMax="3.714" metricValueMin="3.623" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="3668.5" valueMax="3714.0" valueMin="3623.0">3623–3714 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V Eltanin, Sta. 469, cruise 7.
|
||
<date id="FFC51044FFC8FF91871B156C6F8D8728" box="[872,900,1796,1820]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1963-02-12">12</date>
|
||
Feb. 1963. (1 dry spec. R=1.3, r=0.5).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFC8FF918138156C69958728" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1355,1436,1796,1820]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1018861, Northeast of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF91859915406EAE8774" box="[490,679,1832,1856]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9186C615406F268774" authority="Sea" authorityName="Sea" box="[693,815,1832,1856]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF9186C615406EF28774" box="[693,763,1832,1856]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, South Atlantic Ocean. 59˚01’S, 52˚00’W to 59˚10’S, 51˚45’W, 3010–3510.0 m. Coll R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF91864215246E838750" box="[561,650,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eltanin,</emphasis>
|
||
Sta. 1511, Cruise 22.
|
||
<date id="FFC51044FFC8FF9187F215246F948750" box="[897,925,1868,1892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1966-01-26">26</date>
|
||
Jan. 1966. (5 dry specs. R=2.4, r=1.1; R=1.7, r=1.1; R=1.4, r=0.9; R=1.8, r=1.1; R=1.6, r=1.1);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFC8FF9186A415186F2187BC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[727,808,1904,1928]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1018862, Off west tip of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF91802B151868F487BC" box="[1112,1277,1904,1928]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF9181751518694487BC" box="[1286,1357,1904,1928]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South Atlantic Ocean. 55˚01’S, 39˚55’W to 55˚10’S, 39˚46’W. 2886–3040.0 m. coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC8FF91803F15FC68978798" box="[1100,1182,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
Sta. 1537, cruise 22
|
||
<date id="FFC51044FFC8FF9181FD15FC6D0587E4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1966-02-08">8 Feb. 1966</date>
|
||
(1 dry spec. R=1.3, r=0.6);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFC8FF91861015D06EBD87E4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[611,692,1976,2000]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1018863, east of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF9187AE15D0688687E4" box="[989,1167,1976,2000]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC8FF9180EC15D0693587E4" authority="Ridge." authorityName="Ridge." box="[1183,1340,1976,2000]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFC8FF9180EC15D068EC87E4" box="[1183,1253,1976,2000]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFC8FF91813415D0699F87E4" box="[1351,1430,1976,2000]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-61.066666">61°4’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFC8FF9184E415B46CF787C0" box="[151,254,2012,2036]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-39.916668">39°55’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFC8FF91855115B46D8987C0" box="[290,384,2012,2036]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-61.116665">61°07’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFC8FF9185FF15B46DFD87C0" box="[396,500,2012,2036]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-39.7">39°42’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFC8FF91858D15B46E9587C0" box="[510,668,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.626" metricValueMax="2.897" metricValueMin="2.355" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2626.0" valueMax="2897.0" valueMin="2355.0">2355–2897 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V Eltanin
|
||
<date id="FFC51044FFC8FF91870115B4680E87C0" box="[882,1031,2012,2036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1966-02-11">11 Feb. 1966</date>
|
||
. (1 dry spec? fragments only).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFC9FF9384B412FF686D83F3" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC9FF9084B412FF6CC080E0" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC9FF9084B412FF6D508084" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body is stellate (R/r=1.0 to 2.2), weakly swollen, convex with triangular arms, large disk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFC9FF90811D12FF6CAC80E0" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF04660CFFC9FF9084E414526FAD865B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC9FF9084E414526FAD865B" blockId="13.[151,1436,1594,1647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC9FF9084E414526D1A8664" bold="true" box="[151,275,1594,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC9FF90856914526DCE8664" box="[282,455,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFC9FF90856914526DCA8664" box="[282,451,1594,1616]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Chitonaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="felli">Chitonaster felli</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1018861.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC9FF9086F114526E92867B" bold="true" box="[642,667,1594,1615]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC9FF90871214536F718664" bold="true" box="[865,888,1595,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC9FF908054145268368665" bold="true" box="[1063,1087,1594,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal plate series.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFC9FF908152145369338664" bold="true" box="[1313,1338,1595,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFC9FF9084B414FE6F2687C6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1686,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Abactinal plates flattened, scalar, forming thin parchment-like body wall. Abactinal plates polygonal in outline, with length and width relatively equidistant. Plate abutting or weakly overlapping. Fasciolar grooves weakly present. Abactinal plates relatively small with six to seven extending from superomarginal to superomarginal at the base of each arm. Each plate with one to three (usually one or two) low, blunt, spines with one to 12 small, coarse tubercular granules. These latter secondary granules are similar in overall shape to the spines but occur irregularly on each plate surface, sometimes around the edge of the plate. On the arms, the primary spines present on the carinal series in conjunction with the adjacent lateral plates form distinctly transverse rows plates. These transverse rows are present on the six to eight distalmost series on the arm plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFC9FF9087AB15FA6814879E" box="[984,1053,1938,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Other then the larger primary spines and the granules, no other accessories are present and the plate surfaces are otherwise bare. Papulae absent. (These are listed as “indistinct” in the original description).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384B412FF6FC081FB" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Superomarginals and inferomarginals are most commonly 1:1 with little to no offset (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCAFF9380EA12FF68D4809B" box="[1177,1245,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Each plate is swollen and quadrate in outline, especially interradially. Two to three larger, primary blunt spines are present on the superomarginal and the inferomarginal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCAFF9386D412B76EE380C3" box="[679,746,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Each spine series is arranged in a linear series, forming a distinct border. Smaller secondary spines, which are conical and pointed, are approximately 10–15% of the size of the primary spines are present between the superomarginal and inferomarginal spine series on the lateral facing of each plate series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCAFF93851213246DAD8150" box="[353,420,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Otherwise, accessories, such as granules, spinelets, etc. are absent from the surface of the marginal plates with no peripheral granules, etc. In larger specimens (R=2.2) superomarginal plates number
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFCAFF9384E413FC6CF08198" box="[151,249,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="19.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="14.0">14–24 in</quantity>
|
||
each interradius (armtip to armtip). Inferomarginals number 14–26 from armtip to armtip. Terminal plates are large and often possess two to six blunt spines on the surface of each.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384B413B46DA08320" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
Actinal intermediate plates are restricted to the disk. Each very large pedicellaria present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCAFF93809413B4692481C0" box="[1255,1325,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B) is surrounded by, fewer than ten, small blunt, spine-bearing plates. These pedicellariae are composed of two large quadrate valves, each with two prominent blunt projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCAFF93875B104C6F798208" box="[808,880,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). A distinct space is present between the two valves, forming an open area between the projections on the pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCAFF9387A8102F6814826B" box="[987,1053,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The pedicellariae each occupy a distinct concavity in each actinal interradial region, which can be observed within the coelomic cavity of the animal. Aside, from the large, individual conspicuous pedicellariae on the actinal surface pedicellariae are otherwise absent from the abactinal, marginal, and actinal plate surfaces. Each actinal plate with short, sharp, conical spinelets, approximately one to three per plate irregularly distributed over actinal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFCAFF93803A10BF688482DB" box="[1097,1165,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1594,1617]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,258,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,258,1573]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chitonaster felli. USNM 1018861. A. Abactinal surface. B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Close-up of enlarged pedicellariae on actinal intermediate surface. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276788/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Actinal plate boundaries obscured by tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384B4117768DE8390" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Adambulacral plates rectangular to quadrate with two (a third may be present) blunt, pointed furrow spines. A single, shorter subambulacral spine is present, separated by a discrete space from the two furrow spines. Smaller spinelets present, flanking larger furrow spines. Oral plates with three to four (usually three) furrow spines. One prominent blunt, oral spine present on each plate (two per interradius), projecting into the mouth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFCAFF9384B411C7686D83F3" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,969]" box="[199,1124,943,969]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFCAFF9384B411C76DAE83F3" author="Clark" box="[199,423,943,967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1971) Pentopliidae, a new family of Asteroidea from the South Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 21 (2), 545 - 551." type="journal article" year="1971">H.E.S. Clark (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further adds several details on internal anatomy and variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |