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<mods:title id="A2FAEF1BAE5B953AF422EDC395231D3C">Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDDE759A" ID-CoL="8BLH4" authority="(Johannsen, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[151,615,723,749]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cosmosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDDE759A" bold="true" box="[151,615,723,749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABD885BDDFEC4759A" bold="true" box="[151,381,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cosmosciara hartii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABC935BDDFDE7759A" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[396,606,723,749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref15372" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86614" type="journal article" year="1912">Johannsen, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABD885BFBFE9E7479" box="[151,295,757,782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885BFBFE9E7479" blockId="13.[151,615,723,782]" box="[151,295,757,782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
(
<figureCitation id="135B2A65FFD9FFAABD805BFBFEA67479" box="[159,287,757,782]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[372,1235,195,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[340,1247,195,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9 AB. Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912) Holotype of Plastosciara brevicalcarata Hardy. A. Gonostylus; B. Head and palpus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2656180/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
Fig. 9 A
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDE35BFBFEB37479" bold="true" box="[252,266,757,782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
B
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)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885A31FD727423" blockId="13.[151,1083,830,883]" box="[151,715,830,852]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABD885A31FE7E7423" ID-CoL="894SB" authority="Johannsen, 1912" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,455,830,852]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABD885A31FEAE7423" box="[151,279,830,852]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Sciara hartii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABC015A30FE7E7423" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[286,455,830,852]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref15372" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86614" type="journal article" year="1912">Johannsen, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110F1FFD9FFAABCCD5A30FD787423" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[466,705,830,852]" page="144" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABCCD5A30FD347423" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[466,653,830,852]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref15372" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86614" type="journal article" year="1912">Johannsen (1912)</bibRefCitation>
: 144
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].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885A52FB827405" blockId="13.[151,1083,830,883]" box="[151,1083,860,883]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
Common synonyms:
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABC705A53FD607405" authority="(Edwards)" authorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[367,729,860,883]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cosmosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABC705A53FDDF7404" box="[367,614,861,883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cosmosciara perniciosa</emphasis>
(Edwards)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABFFC5A52FB827405" authority="Edwards." box="[739,1083,860,883]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABFFC5A52FC6C7404" box="[739,981,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara perniciosa</emphasis>
Edwards.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABD885A91FC737485" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885A91FC737485" blockId="13.[151,1437,927,1011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
Selected literature: Steffan (1973b):
<date id="FFDE1020FFD9FFAABF0D5A91FD3F74C2" box="[530,646,927,949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1265" valueMax="1266">
1265
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABF5A5A91FDE874C2" bold="true" box="[581,593,927,949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
1266
</date>
, fig. 1
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABFD35A91FD6174C2" bold="true" box="[716,728,927,949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
2 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABE0B5A91FBB174C2" box="[788,1032,927,949]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABE0B5A91FBB174C2" box="[788,1032,927,949]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara perniciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAAB93F5A91FAA774C2" author="Menzel, F. &amp; Smith, J. E." box="[1056,1310,927,949]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="19 - 45" refId="ref15871" refString="Menzel, F. &amp; Smith, J. E. (2009) Family Sciaridae. In: Gerlach, J. (Ed.), The Diptera of the Seychelles islands. Pensoft Series Faunistica 85. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia &amp; Moscow, pp. 19 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Menzel &amp; Smith (2009)</bibRefCitation>
: 3233, fig. 21
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDFF5AB0FF5474A3" bold="true" box="[224,237,958,980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
25;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABC0C5AB0FE5D74A3" author="Menzel, F. &amp; Vilkamaa, P. &amp; Smith, J. E." box="[275,484,958,980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="283 - 296" refId="ref15994" refString="Menzel, F., Vilkamaa, P. &amp; Smith, J. E. (2013) Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (Frey) (Diptera, Sciaroidea: Sciaridae). Contributions to Entomology, 63 (2), 283 - 296." type="journal article" year="2013">
Menzel
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABC7A5AB1FE2174A3" box="[357,408,958,980]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
: 288, fig 6
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABF515AB0FDE274A3" bold="true" box="[590,603,958,980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
7 (both as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABFDC5AB1FC0374A3" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[707,954,959,980]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Cosmosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABFDC5AB1FC0374A3" box="[707,954,959,980]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cosmosciara perniciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Mohrig
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAAB93E5AB1FBED74A3" box="[1057,1108,958,980]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
(2013): 223
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAAB9D05AB0FB6574A3" bold="true" box="[1231,1244,958,980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
224, fig. 43 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAAB87E5AB0FAD474A3" bold="true" box="[1377,1389,958,980]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
c (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABDD85AD0FEF57485" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[199,332,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pnyxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDD85AD0FEF57485" box="[199,332,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Pnyxia hartii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABC7D5AD2FDFC7485" author="Broadley, A. &amp; Kauschke, E. &amp; Mohrig, W." box="[354,581,988,1011]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="201 - 242" refId="ref14020" refString="Broadley, A., Kauschke, E. &amp; Mohrig, W. (2018) Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions. Zootaxa, 4415 (2), 201 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4415.2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Broadley
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABCDB5AD0FE487485" box="[452,497,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
: 213
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABF6B5AD2FD387485" bold="true" box="[628,641,988,1010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
214, figs 7 A
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABE1A5AD2FCA87485" bold="true" box="[773,785,988,1010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
B, 8 A
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABE4B5AD2FCD87485" bold="true" box="[852,865,988,1010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
C, 9 A
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABEBB5AD2FC087485" bold="true" box="[932,945,988,1010]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
D.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABD885D11FE737323" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885D11FD4B7342" blockId="13.[151,1216,1055,1138]" box="[151,754,1055,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABD885D11FD4B7342" bold="true" box="[151,754,1055,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABDB35D11FD1E7342" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[172,679,1055,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipons" subGenus="Plastosciara">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDB35D11FE957342" bold="true" box="[172,300,1055,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABC255D11FE037342" bold="true" box="[314,442,1055,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABCD65D11FDA57342" bold="true" box="[457,540,1055,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">latipons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABF3D5D11FD1E7342" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[546,679,1055,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2275789FFD9FFAABFB25D11FD4B7342" box="[685,754,1055,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885D30FE737323" blockId="13.[151,1216,1055,1138]" box="[151,458,1086,1108]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABD835D30FE957323" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[156,300,1086,1108]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy (1956)</bibRefCitation>
: 77, fig. 4 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABCBC5D30FE167323" bold="true" box="[419,431,1086,1108]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
d].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABD885D52FB797305" box="[151,1216,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885D52FB797305" blockId="13.[151,1216,1055,1138]" box="[151,1216,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
Literature:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABC175D52FE2C7305" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[264,405,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="208 - 235" refId="ref15113" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. In: Zimmerman, E. C. (Ed.), Insects of Hawaii. A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including on Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites etc. 10. University Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 208 - 235." type="book chapter" year="1960">Hardy (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 217, fig. 68 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABF3B5D52FD887305" bold="true" box="[548,561,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
d;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABF545D52FD587305" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[587,737,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="669 - 732" refId="ref17595" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669 - 732." type="journal article" year="1969">Steffan (1969)</bibRefCitation>
: 690
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABE0E5D52FCA47305" bold="true" box="[785,797,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
692, fig. 8 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABE885D52FC1D7305" bold="true" box="[919,932,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
h (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABEC55D52FB0A7305" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[986,1203,1116,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipons">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABEC55D52FB0A7305" box="[986,1203,1116,1138]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara latipons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABD885D91FCDA7273" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885D91FCDA7273" blockId="13.[151,1436,1183,1284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABD885D91FE6373CF" bold="true" box="[151,474,1183,1208]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
Material studied:
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFD9FFAABC725D91FE6373CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390855" box="[365,474,1183,1208]" collectingDate="1955-04" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Canada" county="All" location="Hawai'i" municipality="Head" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFD9FFAABC725D91FE6373CF" box="[365,474,1183,1208]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
: Male,
<date id="FFDE1020FFD9FFAABF2E5D91FD3E73CF" box="[561,647,1183,1208]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1955-04">
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFD9FFAABF2E5D91FD3E73CF" box="[561,647,1183,1208]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1955-04">iv.1955</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<location id="8EBF603BFFD9FFAABF8D5D91FD5673CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4:8EBF603BFFD9FFAABF8D5D91FD5673CF" box="[658,751,1183,1208]" country="Canada" county="All" municipality="Head" name="Hawai'i" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Hawaii</location>
, Oahu,
<location id="8EBF603BFFD9FFAABE4C5DAEFC3573CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4:8EBF603BFFD9FFAABE4C5DAEFC3573CF" box="[851,908,1184,1208]" country="Canada" county="All" municipality="Head" name="Ewa" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Ewa</location>
,
<collectingMethod id="52214EF7FFD9FFAABE885D91FC4673C0" box="[919,1023,1183,1208]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">light trap</collectingMethod>
, leg. not known (BPBM, No. 2484).
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDD85DC9FE047397" bold="true" box="[199,445,1223,1248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<location id="8EBF603BFFD9FFAABDD85DC9FEDE7397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4:8EBF603BFFD9FFAABDD85DC9FEDE7397" box="[199,359,1223,1248]" country="Canada" county="All" municipality="Head" name="Conservation" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Conservation</location>
status.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EBF603BFFD9FFAABCDA5DC9FD847397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFD9FFAABD885BDDFDB571A4:8EBF603BFFD9FFAABCDA5DC9FD847397" box="[453,573,1223,1248]" country="Canada" county="All" municipality="Head" name="Embedded" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Embedded</location>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFD9FFAABF7B5DC9FD017397" box="[612,696,1223,1248]" name="Canada" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBBAC9AFFD9FFAABE005DC9FCE37397" box="[799,858,1223,1248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Head</collectingMunicipality>
with palpus and antennae, wings and hypopygium isolated.
<collectingCounty id="62BE4E6CFFD9FFAABDE35DE5FE997273" box="[252,288,1259,1284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">All</collectingCounty>
morphological structures rather strongly deformed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABD885C3AFC1172F1" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885C3AFD56723E" blockId="13.[151,1072,1331,1414]" box="[151,751,1331,1353]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABDB45C3DFD56723E" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy. A. Gonostylus" authorityYear="1956" box="[171,751,1331,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicalcarata" subGenus="Cosmosciara">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDB45C3DFD56723E" bold="true" box="[171,751,1331,1353]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDB45C3DFE92723E" bold="true" box="[171,299,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABC255C3DFE78723E" bold="true" box="[314,449,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cosmosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABCCF5C3DFDDC723E" bold="true" box="[464,613,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">brevicalcarata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABF745C3DFD56723E" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[619,751,1331,1353]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885C5CFB89721F" blockId="13.[151,1072,1331,1414]" box="[151,1072,1362,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011CEFFD9FFAABD885C5CFB89721F" box="[151,1072,1362,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABD885C5CFD68721F" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy. A. Gonostylus" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,721,1362,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicalcarata" subGenus="Cosmosciara">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABD885C5CFEAE721F" box="[151,279,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABC3A5C5CFE127210" box="[293,427,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cosmosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABCA55C5CFDF7721F" box="[442,590,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">brevicalcarata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABF4B5C5CFD68721F" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[596,721,1362,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110F1FFD9FFAABFC25C5CFC29721F" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[733,912,1362,1384]" page="73" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAABFC25C5CFCD4721F" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[733,877,1362,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy (1956)</bibRefCitation>
: 73
</treatmentCitation>
75, fig. 2 a
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAAB9165C5CFBAC721F" bold="true" box="[1033,1045,1362,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414"></emphasis>
e].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885C7EFC1172F1" blockId="13.[151,1072,1331,1414]" box="[151,936,1392,1414]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
Literature: Steffan (1973a): 360 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABF1C5C7EFC2172F1" box="[515,920,1392,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa" subGenus="Termitosciara">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABF1C5C7EFD3A72F1" box="[515,643,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABF8E5C7FFCA772F1" box="[657,798,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Termitosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABE325C7FFC2172F1" box="[813,920,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">perniciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABD885CBDFCF77160" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABD885CBDFB4472BC" blockId="13.[151,1436,1459,1747]" box="[151,1277,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABD885CBDFE6372BB" bold="true" box="[151,474,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
Material studied:
<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFD9FFAABC725CBDFE6372BB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390861" box="[365,474,1459,1484]" collectingDate="1952-12-06" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Male &amp; Oahu &amp; C. P. Hoyt" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFD9FFAABC725CBDFE6372BB" box="[365,474,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName id="26955336FFD9FFAABCF65CBDFD9C72BB" box="[489,549,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Male</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFDE1020FFD9FFAABF2E5CBDFD1D72BB" box="[561,676,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1952-12-06">
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFD9FFAABF2E5CBDFD1D72BB" box="[561,676,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" value="1952-12-06">6.xii.1952</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26955336FFD9FFAABFAF5CBDFD4972BB" box="[688,752,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Oahu</collectorName>
, ex window, leg.
<collectorName id="26955336FFD9FFAABEAC5CBDFBA672BB" box="[947,1055,1459,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">C.P. Hoyt</collectorName>
(BPBM No. 2481).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABDD85CD4FCF77160" blockId="13.[151,1436,1459,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDD85CD4FE7D7284" bold="true" box="[199,452,1498,1523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Conservation status.</emphasis>
Embedded in
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFD9FFAABF605CD4FD6A7284" box="[639,723,1498,1523]" name="Canada" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam. Head with palpus and antennae and hypopygium separated. All morphological structures are in good condition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABDD85F28FD6C71DC" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABDD85F28FD6C71DC" blockId="13.[151,1436,1459,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDD85F28FEF17148" bold="true" box="[199,328,1574,1599]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Comments</emphasis>
. The species is characterized by a 1-segmented palpus with a small relict of the second segment, short flagellomeres, and a gonostylus with a short subapical tooth, covered with fine macrotrichia.
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAAB8115F45FE8771F0" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipons">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAAB8115F45FF4B71F1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara latipons</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAABC695F60FC1371F0" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy. A. Gonostylus" authorityYear="1956" box="[374,938,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Plastosciara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicalcarata" subGenus="Cosmosciara">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABC695F60FDBA71F1" box="[374,515,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Plastosciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABF0B5F61FD1171F1" box="[532,680,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cosmosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABFA75F60FCE571F1" box="[696,860,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">brevicalcarata</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
are identical to
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFD9FFAAB97F5F61FA2571F0" authority="(Johannsen, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1120,1436,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pnyxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hartii">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAAB97F5F61FB7E71F1" box="[1120,1223,1646,1670]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Cr. hartii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFD9FFAAB9C95F60FA2D71F0" author="Johannsen, O. A." box="[1238,1428,1646,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref15372" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57 - 146. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 86614" type="journal article" year="1912">Johannsen, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and therefore junior synonyms of the latter species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFD9FFAABDD85FB4FDB571A4" box="[199,524,1722,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFD9FFAABDD85FB4FDB571A4" blockId="13.[151,1436,1459,1747]" box="[199,524,1722,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFD9FFAABDD85FB4FEE071A4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1722,1747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Distribution</emphasis>
. Cosmopolitan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>