237 lines
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237 lines
25 KiB
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<mods:title id="9D3B0EC3B0FF08681E7ACA70C0100F48">A New Species of Whip-Like Gorgonian Coral in the Genus Swiftia from the Gulf of the Farallones in Central California, with a Key to Eastern Pacific Species in California (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Plexauridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A9DA1D2E9911571E7733BCDAC1CED914">Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C4577786E2BEDC891D115CC64F929C07">Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="93DFD60619C6FB3D950361ED06C0FD43">Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica. P. O. Box 11501 - 2060, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 0843 - 03092, Panama, Republic of Panama.</mods:affiliation>
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Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864
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<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFFADFE2444931BC6" box="[123,190,479,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Swiftia</emphasis>
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Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864:13
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110D1FF9FFFCDFCEFFE2440691BC7" author="DEICHMANN, E." box="[825,1092,478,501]" page="185" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFCEFFE2440691BC7" author="DEICHMANN, E." box="[825,1092,478,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref2585" refString="DEICHMANN, E. 1936. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 53: 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1936">Deichmann, 1936:185–186</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFB81FE2444E61820" author="BAYER, F. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref2440" refString="BAYER, F. M. 1956. Octocorallia. Page 206 in R. C. Moore, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part F. Coelenterata. The University of Kansas Press and the Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. 498 pp." type="book" year="1956">Bayer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
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:F206;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFEC7FE06459D1820" author="BAYER, F. M." box="[273,432,508,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="902 - 947" refId="ref2497" refString="BAYER, F. M. 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata, Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 (3): 902 - 947." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer, 1981:945</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110D1FF9FFFCDFE6BFE0746B71823" author="HARDEN, D. G." box="[445,666,508,530]" page="109" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1979">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFE6BFE0746B71823" author="HARDEN, D. G." box="[445,666,508,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref2798" refString="HARDEN, D. G. 1979. Intuitive and numerical classification of east Pacific Gorgonacea (Octocorallia). Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Illinois State University. 214 pp." type="book" year="1979">Harden, 1979:109–110</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Breedy, et al., 2015:329.
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<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFFADFDE144C2181D" box="[123,239,538,559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Stenogorgia</emphasis>
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(see
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110D1FF9FFFCDFE14FDE146A0181D" author="KUKENTHAL, W." box="[450,653,538,560]" page="347" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFE14FDE146A0181D" author="KUKENTHAL, W." box="[450,653,538,560]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref2832" refString="KUKENTHAL, W. 1924. Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer ' Valdivia', 1898 - 1899, 13 (2): 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1924">Kükenthal, 1924:347</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9FFFCDFD60FDE14707181D" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1883" box="[694,810,538,559]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Stenogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFD60FDE14707181D" box="[694,810,538,559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Stenogorgia</emphasis>
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synonymy).
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<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCDFFADFDCC469C187F" blockId="2.[123,1173,478,648]" box="[123,689,567,589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011EEFF9FFFCDFFADFDCC469C187F" box="[123,689,567,589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9FFFCDFFADFDCC45D3187F" authority="Wright and Studer, 1889: 61" authorityName="Wright and Studer" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1889" box="[123,510,567,589]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Platycaulos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFFADFDCC44C1187E" box="[123,236,567,588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Platycaulos</emphasis>
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Wright and Studer, 1889:61
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110D1FF9FFFCDFDDDFDC34686187F" author="BAYER, F. M." box="[523,683,567,589]" page="945" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFDDDFDC34686187F" author="BAYER, F. M." box="[523,683,567,589]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="902 - 947" refId="ref2497" refString="BAYER, F. M. 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata, Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 (3): 902 - 947." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer, 1981:945</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCDFFADFDAE46FD1858" blockId="2.[123,1173,478,648]" box="[123,720,597,619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9FFFCDFFADFDAE46301859" authority="Wright and Studer, 1889: 62" authorityName="Wright and Studer" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1889" box="[123,541,597,619]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Callistephanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFFADFDAE45261858" box="[123,267,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Callistephanus</emphasis>
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Wright and Studer, 1889:62
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110D1FF9FFFCDFDFCFDAE46E71859" author="BAYER, F. M." box="[554,714,597,619]" page="945" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFDFCFDAE46E71859" author="BAYER, F. M." box="[554,714,597,619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="902 - 947" refId="ref2497" refString="BAYER, F. M. 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata, Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 (3): 902 - 947." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer, 1981:945</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCDFFADFD89463218BA" blockId="2.[123,1173,478,648]" box="[123,543,626,648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011EEFF9FFFCDFFADFD89463218BA" box="[123,543,626,648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9FFFCDFFADFD89454018BA" ID-CoL="BG6NG" authority="Verill, 1928: 7" authorityName="Verill" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1928" box="[123,365,626,648]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Allogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Malacalcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFFADFD8944CF18B5" box="[123,226,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Allogorgia</emphasis>
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Verill, 1928:7
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110D1FF9FFFCDFEACFD88463418BA" author="BAYER, F. M." box="[378,537,626,648]" page="945" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1981">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9FFFCDFEACFD88463418BA" author="BAYER, F. M." box="[378,537,626,648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="902 - 947" refId="ref2497" refString="BAYER, F. M. 1981. Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata, Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 (3): 902 - 947." type="journal article" year="1981">Bayer, 1981:945</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37A654BFF9FFFCDFF7DFD5044F41976" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCDFF7DFD5044F41976" blockId="2.[123,1174,683,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFF7DFD5045A518F0" bold="true" box="[171,392,683,707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D39A01CFF9FFFCDFECEFD5445A518F0" baselines="701" box="[280,392,687,706]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
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</emphasis>
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.— Colonies unbranched, or sparsely to copiously branched. Branches mostly free or with some anastomoses. Polyp mounds conical, prominent, or slightly raised, scattered or crowded, usually biserial or present on all sides of polyp-bearing branches. Anthocodiae with points arrangements of straight to curved bar-like rods, or frequently elongate tuberculated spindles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A654BFF9FFFCDFF7DFCB6470B1957" box="[171,806,845,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9FFFCDFF7DFCB6470B1957" blockId="2.[123,1174,683,869]" box="[171,806,845,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFF7DFCB645121951" bold="true" box="[171,319,845,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D39A01CFF9FFFCDFF7DFCB644C91951" baselines="863,862" box="[171,228,845,869]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB8862FF9FFFCDFF7DFCB644C91951" box="[171,228,845,869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D39A01CFF9FFFCDFF3AFCAB45121951" baselines="862" box="[236,319,848,867]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED71AE05FF9FFFCDFF3AFCAB45121951" box="[236,319,848,867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SPECIES</collectionCode>
|
||
</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9FFFCDFEB1FCB6470B1957" ID-CoL="53K6Q" authority="(Ellis and Solander, 1786)" baseAuthorityName="Ellis and Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[359,806,845,869]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exserta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9FFFCDFEB1FCB6462B1956" box="[359,518,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Swiftia exserta</emphasis>
|
||
(Ellis and Solander, 1786)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A654BFF9EFFCCFE16FCBC477D196D" box="[448,848,839,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9EFFCCFE16FCBC477D196D" blockId="3.[448,848,839,863]" box="[448,848,839,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<heading id="D09781ACFF9EFFCCFE16FCBC477D196D" bold="true" box="[448,848,839,863]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFE16FCBC477D196D" bold="true" box="[448,848,839,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9EFFCCFDC5FCBC464D196D" ID-CoL="84TYN" authority="Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing and Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[531,608,839,863]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFDC5FCBC464D196D" bold="true" box="[531,608,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Swiftia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F822FF9EFFCCFD0DFCBC477D196D" box="[731,848,839,863]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A654BFF9EFFCCFFADFC8240A21E9A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FFF161F1FF9EFFCCFFADFC8240A21E9A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyStep id="30942E65FF9EFFCCFFADFC8240A219C1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9EFFCCFFADFC8240A319A3" blockId="3.[123,1173,889,1011]" box="[123,1166,889,913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="309195F5FF9EFFCCFFADFC8240A319A3" box="[123,1166,889,913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1a. Colonies multiply-branched................................................... 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9EFFCCFFADFC6140A219C1" blockId="3.[123,1173,889,1011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="309195F5FF9EFFCCFFADFC6140A219C1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
1b. Colonies unbranched (flagelliform, whip-like),or Y-shaped with a single branch; with low polyp mounds distributed on all sides of branches; colonies pure white in color..........................................
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFD87FC2140A219C1" bold="true" box="[593,1167,986,1011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9EFFCCFD87FC21400619C1" ID-CoL="53K6R" authority="Williams and Breedy" authorityName="Williams and Breedy" authorityYear="2016" box="[593,1067,986,1011]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="farallonesica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFD87FC21471819C0" bold="true" box="[593,821,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Swiftia farallonesica</emphasis>
|
||
Williams and Breedy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757A9FF9EFFCCFBEFFC2040A219C1" box="[1081,1167,987,1011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30942E65FF9EFFCCFFADFBF640A21E9A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9EFFCCFFADFBF640A21E54" blockId="3.[123,1173,1036,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="309195F5FF9EFFCCFFADFBF640A21E54" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
2a.Colonies mostly dichotomously branched, somewhat fan-shaped; with low polyp mounds distributed on all sides of branches; colonies pink to bright coral red in color..............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9EFFCCFCC9FBB540A21E54" ID-CoL="53K74" authority="(Nutting, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[799,1167,1102,1126]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spauldingi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFCC9FBB547CC1E54" box="[799,993,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Swiftia spauldingi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9EFFCCFC27FBB540A81E54" author="NUTTING, C. C." box="[1009,1157,1102,1126]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="681 - 727" refId="ref2909" refString="NUTTING, C. C. 1909. Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum 35 (1658): 681 - 727." type="journal article" year="1909">Nutting, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36C0FF9EFFCCFFADFB9440A21E9A" blockId="3.[123,1173,1036,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<keyLead id="309195F5FF9EFFCCFFADFB9440A21E9A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
2b.Colonies densely branched with prominent polyp mounds distributed biserially along branches; colonies red with deep red polyp mounds................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D43FF9EFFCCFC93FB7440A21E9A" ID-CoL="53K6S" authority="(Nutting, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[837,1167,1167,1192]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kofoidi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAD2FF9EFFCCFC93FB7447CC1E95" box="[837,993,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Swiftia kofoidi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B31FF9EFFCCFC27FB7440A81E9A" author="NUTTING, C. C." box="[1009,1157,1167,1192]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="681 - 727" refId="ref2909" refString="NUTTING, C. C. 1909. Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum 35 (1658): 681 - 727." type="journal article" year="1909">Nutting, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |