283 lines
29 KiB
XML
283 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="23A5C9C92EB9DFC55322790A78DBD2D3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="675807a8-0007-438c-99e0-282827c51474" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282353" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460527192505" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kelly, Michelle & Sim-Smith, Carina" docDate="2012" docId="03C987BFFFEBFFCF09A48EC6FADC5EC8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03480p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3480" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Stellettinopsis Carter" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFF0FFC7FFF5FFD109338F55FFFF5811" masterDocTitle="A review of Ancorina, Stryphnus, and Ecionemia (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae), with descriptions of new species from New Zealand waters" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698315279920" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3AAB6FCFB1C113C1F11F0F91D1E96D3C">
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<mods:title id="250C58F3B968E9C9509D99CAAC22F721">A review of Ancorina, Stryphnus, and Ecionemia (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae), with descriptions of new species from New Zealand waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC654F880F61EA6A9D64A4D8551F7814">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FE8D878AE28BB3B8A4AAAC4B29A4B4C1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E1310EF332370EF290932CA3B12FF153">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="920107A36C6D69A9A1019C0DCD1E7537">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FEB74D03BCF70289A43785A67FFDDD50">
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<mods:date id="EBFE6F1595ED363DBFB07E6AF217B6C6">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DE41B650AABEE932812D77158BFBFCAF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="50C1688EF2750D2E0B768D90C359EEFD">3480</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3C061FC015A7EEEF64857AA6AD7CBC3C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282353</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C987BFFFEBFFCF09A48EC6FADC5EC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6168631" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119526425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6168631" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987BFFFEBFFCF09A48EC6FADC5EC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987BFFFEBFFCF09A48EC6FADC5EC8" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFEBFFCF09A48EC6FE0E59BC" box="[151,497,403,430]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFEBFFCF09A48EC6FE0E59BC" blockId="30.[151,497,403,430]" box="[151,497,403,430]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="D09781C5FFEBFFCF09A48EC6FE0E59BC" bold="true" box="[151,497,403,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09A48EC6FE0E59BC" bold="true" box="[151,497,403,430]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF09DD8EC1FE0E59BC" authority="Carter" authorityName="Carter" box="[238,497,403,430]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09DD8EC1FE6B59BF" bold="true" box="[238,404,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis</emphasis>
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Carter
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFEBFFCF09A48E8FFE1D59E1" box="[151,482,474,496]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFEBFFCF09A48E8FFE1D59E1" blockId="30.[151,482,474,496]" box="[151,482,474,496]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701187FFEBFFCF09A48E8FFE1D59E1" box="[151,482,474,496]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF09A48E8FFE2159E1" authority="Carter, 1879: 348" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="348" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,478,474,496]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09A48E8FFEDB59E1" box="[151,292,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B8FFEBFFCF08198E8EFE2159E1" author="Carter" box="[298,478,475,496]" page="348" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1879">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFEBFFCF08198E8EFE5459E1" author="Carter" box="[298,427,475,496]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Carter, H. J. (1879) Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 3, 284 - 304, 343 - 360, pls XXV - XXVII." type="journal article" year="1879">Carter, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 348
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFEBFFCF09A48D48FCEB5A24" box="[151,788,541,566]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFEBFFCF09A48D48FCEB5A24" blockId="30.[151,1436,541,1753]" box="[151,788,541,566]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09A48D48FED45A27" bold="true" box="[151,299,541,566]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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||
<typeStatus id="54DB880BFFEBFFCF09A48D48FF2D5A24" box="[151,210,541,565]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF08098D48FCEF5A24" authority="Carter, 1879: 348" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="348" authorityYear="1879" box="[314,784,541,565]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corticata">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF08098D48FDBD5A24" box="[314,578,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis corticata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFEBFFCF0B7A8D48FD275A24" author="Carter" box="[585,728,541,565]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Carter, H. J. (1879) Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 3, 284 - 304, 343 - 360, pls XXV - XXVII." type="journal article" year="1879">Carter, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 348
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFEBFFCF09F68D15FEED5B8C" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFEBFFCF09F68D15FEED5B8C" blockId="30.[151,1436,541,1753]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09F68D15FEC05A48" bold="true" box="[197,319,576,601]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Massive, cushion-shaped, bulbous or thickly encrusting
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0AF28D14FBB15A48" box="[961,1102,577,601]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
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, with oxeas packed obliquely or paratangentially in the choanosome. The ectosome is well developed and defined by bouquets of subdermal oxeas and triaenes, when present, emerging from the choanosome, in between which are large aquiferous canals. Euasters form a concentration below and throughout a crust of long microrhabds at the surface, and oxeas protrude through the surface, rendering it hispid and rough to the touch. Megascleres include medium-sized oxeas in 1 to 2 size categories with common stylote modifications, and relatively short triaenes of different
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<typeStatus id="54DB880BFFEBFFCF0DD98DA3FADA5B1F" box="[1258,1317,758,782]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">types</typeStatus>
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including dichotriaenes, plagiotriaenes, orthotriaenes, and rarely anatriaenes. Triaenes are frequently very rare. Microscleres include relatively long strongylote or hastate acanthomicrorhabds that form a crust at the surface of the sponge, under which is a concentration of small tylasters, chiasters, and oxyasters, and rarely anthasters in 1 to 2 size categories.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFEBFFCF09F68CFFFEE75CF0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFEBFFCF09F68CFFFEE75CF0" blockId="30.[151,1436,541,1753]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09F68CFFFEC65BD3" bold="true" box="[197,313,938,962]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</emphasis>
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We are confident in this proposal to resurrect
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0A778CFCFC1F5BD0" box="[836,992,937,961]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0A778CFCFC1F5BD0" box="[836,992,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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without recourse to examination of the relevant material because the published descriptions of species are clear and definitive, particularly those in the later contributions by van
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFEBFFCF088E8CA4FD225C18" author="Soest" box="[445,733,1009,1033]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. & Beglinger, E. J. (2008) Tetractinellid and hadromerid sponges of the Sultanate of Oman. Zoologische Mededelingen, 82, 749 - 790." type="journal article" year="2008">Soest & Beglinger (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFEBFFCF0A208CA4FBF55C18" box="[787,1034,1009,1033]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. & Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1 - 39." type="journal article">
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Cárdenas
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0AB28CA7FC4D5C18" box="[897,946,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
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. (2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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(Table 3). The species conform to a general form of sponge that shares a unique combination of the characters seen in
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0D478B43FB135C3C" box="[1140,1260,1046,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0D478B43FB135C3C" box="[1140,1260,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ecionemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(possession of uniform ectosomal microrhabds),
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0B1D8B6CFD695C40" box="[558,662,1081,1105]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0B1D8B6CFD695C40" box="[558,662,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ancorina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(bouquets of megascleres in the ectosome, second category of oxyasters in choanosome), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF08CD8B08FD925C64" box="[510,621,1117,1141]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF08CD8B08FD925C64" box="[510,621,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stryphnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(megascleres in paratangential arrangement in the choanosome, second category of choanosomal oxyasters, and variable presence of triaenes) in particular. Species considered to be valid include
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF09C68BF0FDFF5CAC" box="[245,512,1189,1213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corticata">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09C68BF0FDFF5CAC" box="[245,512,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis corticata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54DB880BFFEBFFCF0B218BF0FDBB5CAC" box="[530,580,1189,1213]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
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species),
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0B8B8BF3FCB85CAC" box="[696,839,1189,1213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fenimorea">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0B8B8BF3FD395CAC" box="[696,710,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0BE48BF0FCB85CAC" box="[727,839,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">fenimorea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0A6B8BF3FBF05CAC" box="[856,1039,1189,1213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0A6B8BF3FC995CAC" box="[856,870,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0A448BF0FBF05CAC" box="[887,1039,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">megastylifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0D138BF3FB7C5CAC" box="[1056,1155,1189,1213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solida">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0D138BF3FBD15CAC" box="[1056,1070,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0D0C8BF0FB7C5CAC" box="[1087,1155,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">solida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0DA78BF3FABB5CAC" box="[1172,1348,1189,1213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cherbonnieri">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0DA78BF3FB5D5CAC" box="[1172,1186,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0D808BF0FABB5CAC" box="[1203,1348,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">cherbonnieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0CB48BF3FEEE5CF0" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laviniensis">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0CB48BF3FA6A5CAC" box="[1415,1429,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09AA8B9CFEEE5CF0" box="[153,273,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">laviniensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFEBFFCF09F68BB8FADC5EC8" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFEBFFCF09F68BB8FE845D84" blockId="30.[151,1436,541,1753]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF09F68BB8FE9E5D14" box="[197,353,1261,1285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09F68BB8FE9E5D14" box="[197,353,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(and
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF08948BB8FDE95D14" box="[423,534,1261,1285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF08948BB8FDE95D14" box="[423,534,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stryphnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
) species that appear to lack triaenes because of their rarity, bear a superficial resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF08648A44FE325D38" box="[343,461,1297,1321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Melophlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF08648A44FE325D38" box="[343,461,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Melophlus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFEBFFCF0B7E8A44FC8D5D38" author="Soest" box="[589,882,1297,1321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. & Beglinger, E. J. (2008) Tetractinellid and hadromerid sponges of the Sultanate of Oman. Zoologische Mededelingen, 82, 749 - 790." type="journal article" year="2008">Soest & Beglinger 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0A8D8A44FBD25D38" box="[958,1069,1297,1321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Asteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0A8D8A44FBD25D38" box="[958,1069,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Asteropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFEBFFCF0D458A44FA8D5D38" author="Cardenas" box="[1142,1394,1297,1321]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Cardenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H. T. & Diaz, M. C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Cárdenas
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0DDF8A47FAD35D38" box="[1260,1324,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF09AA8A60FEF75D5C" box="[153,264,1333,1357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09AA8A60FEF75D5C" box="[153,264,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stryphnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), genera which lack triaenes completely. However, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0ADF8A60FB9C5D5C" box="[1004,1123,1333,1357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Melophlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0ADF8A60FB9C5D5C" box="[1004,1123,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Melophlus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a tangential layer of microrhabds in three size categories in the ectosome, and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0A8A8A0CFBD75D60" box="[953,1064,1369,1393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Asteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0A8A8A0CFBD75D60" box="[953,1064,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Asteropus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a tangential layer of large choanosomal oxeas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFEBFFCF09F68AF7FADC5EC8" blockId="30.[151,1436,541,1753]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
It is interesting to briefly consider the biogeographic distribution of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0D018AF4FB655DA8" box="[1074,1178,1441,1465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0D018AF4FB655DA8" box="[1074,1178,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0D9B8AF7FADF5DA8" box="[1192,1312,1442,1465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0D9B8AF7FADF5DA8" box="[1192,1312,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0C1E8AF4FA645DA8" box="[1325,1435,1441,1465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0C1E8AF4FA645DA8" box="[1325,1435,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stryphnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF09FA8A90FE9A5DCC" box="[201,357,1477,1501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09FA8A90FE9A5DCC" box="[201,357,1477,1501]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135B2A2CFFEBFFCF08458A90FE445DCC" box="[374,443,1477,1501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="25.[151,250,844,867]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,821]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,823]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 8. Global distribution of Stryphnus, Ancorina, Ecionemia and Stellettinopsis species. Inset = distribution around New Zealand." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/282361/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
, see also Table 3). The greatest number of species (14) are found in the Western Indian Ocean, from the eastern coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777639FFEBFFCF0B3D8ABCFD605E10" box="[526,671,1513,1537]" name="South Africa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
north to the Red Sea, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0AE68ABFFBB25E10" box="[981,1101,1514,1537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0AE68ABFFBB25E10" box="[981,1101,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species extending east across the Indo-Pacific, down to warm temperate northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777639FFEBFFCF0A37895BFC5C5E34" box="[772,931,1549,1573]" name="New Zealand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, into the tropical west central Atlantic (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0CB7895BFF125E58" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="demera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0CB7895BFA6A5E34" box="[1412,1429,1550,1573]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09AA8964FF125E58" box="[153,237,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">demera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and across to West Africa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0B198967FD7A5E58" box="[554,645,1586,1609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0B198967FDC45E58" box="[554,571,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0B7A8967FD7A5E58" box="[585,645,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). A further 14 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0A918964FBEE5E58" box="[930,1041,1585,1609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0A918964FBEE5E58" box="[930,1041,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stryphnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0D748964FB505E58" box="[1095,1199,1585,1609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0D748964FB505E58" box="[1095,1199,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in the cold southern waters off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777639FFEBFFCF08498903FDEA5E7C" box="[378,533,1621,1645]" name="New Zealand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0BE28900FCBF5E7C" box="[721,832,1621,1645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0BE28900FCBF5E7C" box="[721,832,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stryphnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0A4B8900FC1F5E7C" box="[888,992,1621,1645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0A4B8900FC1F5E7C" box="[888,992,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in the northeast Atlantic and Mediteranean, but only two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0B78892CFD455E80" box="[587,698,1657,1681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0B78892CFD455E80" box="[587,698,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stryphnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in the tropical west central Atlantic with two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF09AA89C8FECA5EA4" box="[153,309,1693,1717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF09AA89C8FECA5EA4" box="[153,309,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF08BF89CBFDFB5EA4" box="[396,516,1694,1717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF08BF89CBFDFB5EA4" box="[396,516,1694,1717]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0B0D89C8FD255EA4" box="[574,730,1693,1717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0B0D89C8FD255EA4" box="[574,730,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stellettinopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally warm temperate–tropical species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0C3089C8FA945EA4" box="[1283,1387,1693,1717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0C3089C8FA945EA4" box="[1283,1387,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a warm to cold temperate species, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFEBFFCF0B048994FD595EC8" box="[567,678,1729,1753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EABBFFEBFFCF0B048994FD595EC8" box="[567,678,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stryphnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is predominantly a cold to cool temperate water species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |