131 lines
15 KiB
XML
131 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="C5782A87FC3B1EFA39F19A2C25765FC1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.282353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="675807a8-0007-438c-99e0-282827c51474" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="282353" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460527192505" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kelly, Michelle & Sim-Smith, Carina" docDate="2012" docId="03C987BFFFE7FFC309A48EAAFAF05DCC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03480p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3480" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Stryphnus Sollas" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFF0FFC7FFF5FFD109338F55FFFF5811" masterDocTitle="A review of Ancorina, Stryphnus, and Ecionemia (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae), with descriptions of new species from New Zealand waters" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698315279920" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="DB996A1E3362E9E448C7D3C463734A7C">A review of Ancorina, Stryphnus, and Ecionemia (Demospongiae, Astrophorida, Ancorinidae), with descriptions of new species from New Zealand waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="118B1A9C010A66B36B5A0D6D4A1FB67C">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91700AD86760BEDF06222A451D45C07F">Sim-Smith, Carina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AEA172CC81144772B3C48CB6A9BB3995">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3338078270DF0E111AB46711DF35E542">
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<mods:date id="07152A3A38818A36B9A2967AD9EDE36E">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E84AD40F1BFB52A88CCEEB54EEB4BE08">3480</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AD388B9AD6F5DDA8534265AC1E4573ED" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.282353</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C987BFFFE7FFC309A48EAAFAF05DCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6168617" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119526426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6168617" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987BFFFE7FFC309A48EAAFAF05DCC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987BFFFE7FFC309A48EAAFAF05DCC" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFE7FFC309A48EAAFE465A08" box="[151,441,511,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFE7FFC309A48EAAFE465A08" blockId="18.[151,441,511,537]" box="[151,441,511,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D09781C5FFE7FFC309A48EAAFE465A08" bold="true" box="[151,441,511,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC309A48EAAFE465A08" bold="true" box="[151,441,511,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFE7FFC309DD8EAAFE465A08" authority="Sollas" authorityName="Sollas" box="[238,441,511,537]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC309DD8EAAFE975A08" bold="true" box="[238,360,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stryphnus</emphasis>
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Sollas
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFE7FFC309A48D12FE465A4D" box="[151,441,582,605]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFE7FFC309A48D12FE465A4D" blockId="18.[151,441,582,605]" box="[151,441,582,605]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB701187FFE7FFC309A48D12FE465A4D" box="[151,441,582,605]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFE7FFC309A48D12FE4A5A4D" authority="Sollas, 1886: 193" authorityName="Sollas" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,437,582,605]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC309A48D12FF035A4C" box="[151,252,583,605]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stryphnus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110B8FFE7FFC308318D13FE4A5A4D" author="Sollas" box="[258,437,582,604]" page="193" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFE7FFC308318D13FE7D5A4D" author="Sollas" box="[258,386,582,604]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the tetractinellid sponges dredged by HMS Challenger 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">Sollas, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 193
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFE7FFC309A48DDFFC025AB0" box="[151,1021,649,674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFE7FFC309A48DDFFC025AB0" blockId="18.[151,1436,649,1501]" box="[151,1021,649,674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC309A48DDFFECD5AB3" bold="true" box="[151,306,649,674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="54DB880BFFE7FFC309A48DDFFF2D5AB3" box="[151,210,650,674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFE7FFC3080A8DDCFD4B5AB0" authority="Sollas, 1886: 193" authorityName="Sollas" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1886" box="[313,692,649,673]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC3080A8DDCFE155AB0" box="[313,490,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stryphnus niger</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFE7FFC308C28DDCFD805AB0" author="Sollas" box="[497,639,649,673]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the tetractinellid sponges dredged by HMS Challenger 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">Sollas, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 193
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</taxonomicName>
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(by subsequent designation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFE7FFC309F68DF8FAE15C18" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFE7FFC309F68DF8FAE15C18" blockId="18.[151,1436,649,1501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC309F68DF8FEC05AD7" bold="true" box="[197,319,685,710]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Thickly encrusting, massive, lobate, or cup-shaped
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFE7FFC30AF88DF8FBA75AD4" box="[971,1112,685,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Ancorinidae</taxonomicName>
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, typically purplish brown, brownish black, brown, or grey in life, frequently with differential colouration of the choanosome. Surface typically rough with projecting megascleres, and simple oscules are usually grouped. Ectosome is not detachable, but well-differentiated and translucent, with a diaphanous, gauzy, almost gelatinous cellular structure with pigmented and granular cells. Triaenes and oxeas lie obliquely or paratangentially to the surface. The deep ectosomal boundary is highly granular. Choanosome moderately heavily pigmented, moderately packed with oxeas and triaenes in some species, without strict radial orientation, cladomes of triaenes lie at the choanosome/ectosome boundary when they occur here. Megascleres are large oxeas and short-shafted dichotriaenes and/or plagiotriaenes, rarely, anatriaenes and protriaenes. Microscleres are large acanthose oxyasters usually confined to the choanosome, sanidasters, and/or amphisanidasters that form a crust at the sponge surface (emended from
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFE7FFC30DAE8CA4FAEC5C18" author="Uriz" box="[1181,1299,1009,1033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers Ltd, New York, pp. 108 - 126." type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A6522FFE7FFC309F68B40FAF05DCC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFE7FFC309F68B40FB6C5D14" blockId="18.[151,1436,649,1501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC309F68B40FEC65C3C" bold="true" box="[197,313,1045,1069]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFE7FFC3080C8B40FE2B5C3C" author="Sollas" box="[319,468,1045,1069]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1886) Preliminary account of the tetractinellid sponges dredged by HMS Challenger 1872 - 76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series), 5, 177 - 199." type="journal article" year="1886">Sollas (1886)</bibRefCitation>
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originally described the ectosome of
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFE7FFC30A458B40FC1A5C3C" box="[886,997,1045,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC30A458B40FC1A5C3C" box="[886,997,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stryphnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a ‘vesicular collenchyme containing pigment cells’. However, the term collenchymatous, as used in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B58FFE7FFC30A458B6CFC005C40" author="Uriz" box="[886,1023,1081,1105]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers Ltd, New York, pp. 108 - 126." type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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, is from the botanical literature and relates strictly to the appearance of a specific plant tissue, the collenchyma, that strengthens and supports the plant. Even though the term perfectly describes the appearance of the ectosome of
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFE7FFC30ADE8BD4FBA35C88" box="[1005,1116,1153,1177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC30ADE8BD4FBA35C88" box="[1005,1116,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Stryphnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, we have chosen to describe this character in the diagnosis rather than use a term inherited from the early botanical literature. The
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<collectingCountry id="F3777639FFE7FFC30C358BF3FA635CAC" box="[1286,1436,1189,1213]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFE7FFC309CF8B9FFE865CF0" box="[252,377,1226,1249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="atypicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC309CF8B9FFEF55CF0" box="[252,266,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC308288B9FFE865CF0" box="[283,377,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">atypicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22757C0FFE7FFC308B08B9FFE1E5CF3" box="[387,481,1226,1250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC308B08B9FFE1E5CF3" bold="true" box="[387,481,1226,1250]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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has rare anatriaenes and protriaenes in addition to the characteristic short-shafted dichotriaenes, and we have modified the diagnosis to include these additional megascleres.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36A9FFE7FFC309F68A47FAF05DCC" blockId="18.[151,1436,649,1501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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In addition to the non-euasterose microscleres and true long sanidasters, the
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<typeStatus id="54DB880BFFE7FFC30D058A47FB995D3B" box="[1078,1126,1298,1322]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<emphasis id="B914EABBFFE7FFC30DF98A47FAD85D38" box="[1226,1319,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D2AFFE7FFC30DF98A47FADC5D38" box="[1226,1315,1298,1321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stryphnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="niger">S. niger</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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possesses short microscleres that have traditionally been called ‘amphiasters’. These microscleres may take the shape of a true amphiaster (with a short thick axis clear of any protrusions and with rays emanating from the ends of the axis) or an amphisanidaster, which has rays protruding at various angles and lengths from the shaft. Because the two forms of this short microsclere intergrade in many species, we do not consider them to be true amphiasters or true sanidasters. We call this form of microsclere an ‘amphisanidaster’ to remove this source of confusion.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |