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<document id="636F141C04A3606E49DBD7EE3AD80CB3" ID-CLB-Dataset="53324" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1a9bd59f-7293-432f-b3c1-6df0bc659474" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7461280" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1671521402645" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hassan, Walaa A., Al-Shaye, Najla A., Alghamdi, Salma, Korany, Shereen M. &amp; Iamonico, Duilio" docDate="2022" docId="03C987964B57FFB006B907D15408653D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.576.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 576 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Amaranthus hybridus L." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="FFF0FFEE4B47FFA106310226570A6226" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Saudi Arabia" masterLastPageNumber="157" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1699413697922" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="8B9F2AB31DF5CA9C07C0D1A62587623C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="452ADFA0E1CEBACF46F9FA32390402C7">
<mods:title id="4FAB28DBD5A0B78430C11B424388B88D">Taxonomic revision of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) in Saudi Arabia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E0C22F468505BAD3D75537D0FB0EBF7B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B71B5723FCF8CAE60839FD6D455809AD">Hassan, Walaa A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9ED0D153EA69A92760962D8EB3B57822">Al-Shaye, Najla A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2EBB89DCCFE1DDAB532E1C3DA1C30CC7" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0447-8613</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6CA6A17C69D11680482AA3B8FA6FE24B">Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia &amp; naaalshaye @ pnu. edu. sa; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0447 - 8613</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5539201573FC71779794B6C5E3409D8" type="email">naaalshaye@pnu.edu.sa</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3747CBD0A0B28BDAB026181A93F7324D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FCB76D5E5D0FAF1B585C9D45967E0B0F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DC8197568D5529133534AF885C4FB0AF">Alghamdi, Salma</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8305BBFF117FBC5B4DD204488AE13CBE" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7716-2233</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9560577BE646E52FC4E3152534FE8E2A">Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia &amp; saatalghamdi @ pnu. edu. sa; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7716 - 2233</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7C15C12CBAF24DA7FFA281C5DC69018F" type="email">saatalghamdi@pnu.edu.sa</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A9AD01FF7DC9C8DAFC624FAB41757BDB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="821AAA9C09C1DEBC92C1F20CFC1441C3">
<mods:roleTerm id="6B4894F906E9F4A8EC2E209472D23C86">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5DB2CDC226FBF1B5F5ABA958205C13D7">Korany, Shereen M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A1F51B96C7FD394E05E2F775BC9AF3E7" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9355-3952</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="46A0BB15AEFCF9AB74F3FD11CA84EDEC">Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia &amp; smkorany @ pnu. edu. as; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9355 - 3952</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FCCF02EFD38171B6DA08CB14021A096" type="email">smkorany@pnu.edu.as</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7D90296B8E40E57AF64C7D0B0997D7A3">Iamonico, Duilio</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DFDFFEBBCA5FC747CAAF2014E8880712" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5491-7568</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9D369E0543DB4A5E2FEBD35BAE714628">Ce. R. S. I. Te. S., University of Rome Sapienza, viale XXIV Maggio 7, 04100 - Latina, Italy &amp; duilio. iamonico @ uniroma 1. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5491 - 7568 &amp; Authors that contributed equally to the work</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="691AA36D2F30E452B2F399C30C5A1DA4">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="233190B678127A0683832C891DBCC04A">
<mods:date id="04AA9EE897CEC0388C704258073A53A9">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0D73E01558BDC5F70D0F1ADBAE159226">2022-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CAC91F46C84088694F8EB2C33864A06A">576</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="109A948D2E38E2BED92DC8AC6A11F925">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8A42B418E765EF7E7FF5BBD0E2132C4D">135</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="9951AAE3973CDEF843D2CAF193B5186B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="18C3EBC794878A5316836DC51BC4F78C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8F8AE2EAF0BCA2BBD948775714BB2EEE" type="CLB-Dataset">53324</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="971710C5303B7FA46255559D421DDF01" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FB2BF8729D8B70890AC5F87DF31A5449" type="GBIF-Dataset">1a9bd59f-7293-432f-b3c1-6df0bc659474</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D5E12CC24F7C450B37B5E2BF7967CB5B" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C987964B57FFB006B907D15408653D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7465680" ID-GBIF-Taxon="206458921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7465680" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987964B57FFB006B907D15408653D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987964B57FFB006B907D15408653D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
<subSubSection id="C37A650B4B57FFB106B907D155B26434" box="[136,696,1526,1554]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB106B907D155B26434" blockId="16.[136,1451,1526,1949]" box="[136,696,1526,1554]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
<heading id="D09781EC4B57FFB106B907D155B26434" box="[136,696,1526,1554]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB106B907D157A36437" bold="true" box="[136,169,1527,1553]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B57FFB1068007D056C46437" ID-CoL="CH35" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[177,462,1526,1553]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB1068007D056A76437" bold="true" box="[177,429,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Amaranthus hybridus</emphasis>
L.
</taxonomicName>
, Sp.
<bibCitation id="5E4A3EEC4B57FFB1043707D155B26434" box="[518,696,1527,1554]" journal="Pl." page="990" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="2" year="1753">Pl. 2: 990. 1753</bibCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A650B4B57FFB106B90439558D647E" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB106B90439558D647E" blockId="16.[136,1451,1526,1949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
<materialsCitation id="3B083CDD4B57FFB106B904395589647E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3999584318" collectorName="Herb. Linn. No." country="United States of America" location="Virginia" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Virginia" typeStatus="lectotype">
Type (
<typeStatus id="54DB88224B57FFB106F2043956176413" box="[195,285,1567,1589]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B57FFB1079B0439556C6412" author="Townsend, C. C." box="[426,614,1567,1589]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref18390" refString="Townsend, C. C. (1974) Amaranthaceae. In: Nasir, E. &amp; Ali, S. I. (Eds.) Flora of West Pakistan, vol. 71. Ferozsons Press, Rawalpindi, pp. 1 - 49." type="book chapter" year="1974">Townsend 1974: 19</bibRefCitation>
):—
<collectingCountry id="F37776104B57FFB104BF043955C56412" box="[654,719,1567,1588]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB104E20439548C6412" box="[723,902,1567,1588]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
Habitat in
<collectingRegion id="49A4F8624B57FFB105080439548C6412" box="[825,902,1567,1588]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Virginia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<collectorName id="269553564B57FFB105A0043953236412" box="[913,1065,1567,1589]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Herb. Linn. No.</collectorName>
1117.19 (LINN!, image of the lecyotype is available at http://linnean-online.org/11645/)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A650B4B57FFB106B9044155E3645A" box="[136,745,1639,1661]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB106B9044155E3645A" blockId="16.[136,1451,1526,1949]" box="[136,745,1639,1661]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
=
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110914B57FFB106AD044155EF645A" author="Willd." box="[156,741,1639,1661]" page="34" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" volumeTitle="Hist. Amaranth." year="1790">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B57FFB106AD0441558C645B" ID-CoL="65Z9G" authority="Willd., Hist. Amaranth." authorityName="Willd., Hist. Amaranth." box="[156,646,1639,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chlorostachys">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB106AD04415691645A" box="[156,411,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Amaranthus chlorostachys</emphasis>
Willd., Hist. Amaranth.
</taxonomicName>
: 34. 1790
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A650B4B57FFB106B904AD538665BA" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB106B904AD541F64E2" blockId="16.[136,1451,1526,1949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
Type (
<typeStatus id="54DB88224B57FFB106F504AD56146487" box="[196,286,1675,1697]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B57FFB1079E04AD55766486" author="Iamonico, D." box="[431,636,1674,1697]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" pagination="519 - 531" refId="ref16679" refString="Iamonico, D. (2016 a) Nomenclature survey of the genus AMARANTHUS (AMARANTHACEAE). 3. Names linked to the Italian flora. Plant Biosystems 150 (3): 519 - 531. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263504.2014.987188" type="journal article" year="2016">Iamonico 2016a: 521</bibRefCitation>
):—
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB1049304AA54A46487" box="[674,942,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">UNSPECIFIED LOCALITY</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB1058A04AD53276486" box="[955,1069,1675,1696]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B57FFB1058A04AD530C6486" box="[955,1030,1675,1696]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Hermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Hermes</taxonomicName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(B-W17521!, image of the lecyotype is available at https://herbarium.bgbm.org/object/BW17521000).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB106B904F555FC64CE" blockId="16.[136,1451,1526,1949]" box="[136,758,1747,1769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B57FFB106AD04F5559C64CF" authority="Bertol., Comment. Itin. Neapol." box="[156,662,1747,1769]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patulus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB106AD04F5565464CE" box="[156,350,1747,1768]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Amaranthus patulus</emphasis>
Bertol., Comment. Itin. Neapol.
</taxonomicName>
19. 1837.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB106B904D155B26516" blockId="16.[136,1451,1526,1949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
<materialsCitation id="3B083CDD4B57FFB106B904D155BE6516" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3999584304" collectingDate="1834-09" country="Italy" county="Type" location="Pasconcello" municipality="Napoli" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Campania" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCounty id="62BE4E0C4B57FFB106B904D157B2652A" box="[136,184,1783,1804]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Type</collectingCounty>
(
<typeStatus id="54DB88224B57FFB106F204D15617652B" box="[195,285,1783,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B57FFB1079904D15579652A" author="Iamonico, D." box="[424,627,1782,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" pagination="519 - 531" refId="ref16679" refString="Iamonico, D. (2016 a) Nomenclature survey of the genus AMARANTHUS (AMARANTHACEAE). 3. Names linked to the Italian flora. Plant Biosystems 150 (3): 519 - 531. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263504.2014.987188" type="journal article" year="2016">Iamonico 2016a: 525</bibRefCitation>
):—
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB104A904DE532F652B" box="[664,1061,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
<collectingCountry id="F37776104B57FFB104A904DE55DC652B" box="[664,726,1784,1805]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">ITALY</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49A4F8624B57FFB104ED04DE5449652B" box="[732,835,1784,1805]" country="Italy" name="Campania" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Campania</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBBACFA4B57FFB1057C04DE5484652B" box="[845,910,1784,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Napoli</collectingMunicipality>
al
<location id="8EBF605B4B57FFB1059B04DE5328652B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987964B57FFB006B907D15408653D:8EBF605B4B57FFB1059B04DE5328652B" box="[938,1058,1784,1805]" country="Italy" county="Type" municipality="Napoli" name="Pasconcello" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" stateProvince="Campania">Pasconcello</location>
,
</emphasis>
<date id="FFDE10404B57FFB1021B04D153CD652A" box="[1066,1223,1783,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" value="1834-09">
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9A84B57FFB1021B04D153CD652A" box="[1066,1223,1783,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" value="1834-09">September 1834</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB102FE04D1525A652A" box="[1231,1360,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Bertoloni s.n.</emphasis>
(BOLO!, image of the lectotype in Iamonico 2916°:
<figureCitation id="135B2A054B57FFB10468053D55A16516" box="[601,683,1819,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1837,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-393@6.[331,1256,1181,1813]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of Amaranthus viridis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7465622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7465622/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Figure 3</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB106B9051953C86572" blockId="16.[136,1451,1526,1949]" box="[136,1218,1854,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B57FFB106AD051956616572" box="[156,363,1855,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB106AD051956616572" box="[156,363,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Amaranthus hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B57FFB107BD051954556573" authority="Moq., Prodr." authorityName="Moq., Prodr." box="[396,863,1855,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" rank="variety" subSpecies="hybridus" variety="erythrostachys">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB107FF051955286572" box="[462,546,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">hybridus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB10463051955D46572" box="[594,734,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">erythrostachys</emphasis>
Moq., Prodr.
</taxonomicName>
[A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 259. 1849.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB106B90545538665BA" blockId="16.[136,1451,1526,1949]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
<materialsCitation id="3B083CDD4B57FFB106B90545538265BA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3999584316" country="France" location="FRANCE" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
Type (
<typeStatus id="54DB88224B57FFB106F505455614655F" box="[196,286,1891,1913]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B57FFB1079E05455576655E" author="Iamonico, D." box="[431,636,1890,1913]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" pagination="519 - 531" refId="ref16679" refString="Iamonico, D. (2016 a) Nomenclature survey of the genus AMARANTHUS (AMARANTHACEAE). 3. Names linked to the Italian flora. Plant Biosystems 150 (3): 519 - 531. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263504.2014.987188" type="journal article" year="2016">Iamonico 2016a: 522</bibRefCitation>
):—
<collectingCountry id="F37776104B57FFB104AE0544540E655E" box="[671,772,1890,1912]" name="France" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. “
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB105290545547C655E" box="[792,886,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Hort. Tol.</emphasis>
”, 1844,
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB105F90545534D655E" box="[968,1095,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">sine coll. s.n.</emphasis>
(G147762/1!, image of the lectotype available at http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/adetail.php?id=138993&amp;base=img&amp;lang=en)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37A650B4B57FFB006B905E25408653D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B57FFB006B905E254606392" blockId="16.[136,1451,1988,2087]" lastBlockId="17.[136,1452,158,761]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B57FFB106B905E2563265F8" bold="true" box="[136,312,1988,2014]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Description:—</emphasis>
Herbs 6–20(–25) dm tall, monoecious, annual (therophyte). Stems erect, glabrous (pubescent in the upper part), green to reddish, often branched. Leaves usually green, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rhomboidal [(2.0–)3.0– 8.0(–13.0) × (1.0–)1.5–6.0(–6.0) cm], with usually entire margins, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate, base cuneate, usually glabrous, petioled [petiole (1.0–)1.5–4.0(–6.0) cm long]. Synflorescences terminal, panicle-like, the main florescence usually up to
<quantity id="4C989B654B56FFB0079802E456E462FB" box="[425,494,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
long (longer than the paraclades), usually green. Floral bracts greenish or yellowish, lanceolate to lanceolate-linear [(2.5–4.5(–6.0) × 1.0–
<quantity id="4C989B654B56FFB004EF02C054336326" box="[734,825,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
)], 1.6–2.0 times longer than the perianth, acute, awned, with membranous border abruptly interrupted at the half, margin entire, glabrous. Staminate flowers with 5 tepals, ovate-lanceolate; stamens (4–)5. Pistillate flowers with 5 tepals, ovate to lanceolate [(1.5–)2.0–2.5(–3.0) ×
<quantity id="4C989B654B56FFB00366030857B3634B" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
], with acute and sometimes mucronate apex, median vein usually dark-green; stigmas 3. Fruit usually brown, ellipsoidal [1.5–2.5(–3.5) × 1.0–
<quantity id="4C989B654B56FFB007CB0350555C63B7" box="[506,598,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
], as long as or longer than the perianth, smooth to rugose, dehiscent. Seed lenticular (
<quantity id="4C989B654B56FFB0073003BC56836393" box="[257,393,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.4 mm</quantity>
in diameter), black to dark reddish-brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B56FFB0068C039853A763FE" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,761]" box="[189,1197,446,473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0068C0398567163FE" bold="true" box="[189,379,446,472]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Iconography:—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB0074A039855CD63FE" author="Ardenghi, N. M. G. &amp; Parolo, G." box="[379,711,446,472]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="49 - 81" refId="ref14721" refString="Ardenghi, N. M. G. &amp; Parolo, G. (2010) Primo contributo alla flora esotica della provincia di Sondrio (Lombardia, Italia). Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Morbegno 21: 49 - 81." type="journal article" year="2010">Ardenghi &amp; Parolo (2010: 71</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 6b, e),
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB005680398532C63FE" author="Bayon, N. D." box="[857,1062,446,473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="261 - 383" refId="ref15004" refString="Bayon, N. D. (2015) Revision taxonomica de las especies monoicas de Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae): Amaranthus subg. Amaranthus and Amaranthus subg. Albersia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 101 (2): 261 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2010080" type="journal article" year="2015">Bayón (2015: 283</bibRefCitation>
, Figura 10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B56FFB0068C03C454CF63DB" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,761]" box="[189,965,482,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0068C03C4565563DA" bold="true" box="[189,351,482,508]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Phenology:—</emphasis>
Flowering time April (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB0046B03C454B363DB" author="Al-Eisawi, D. M. &amp; Al-Ruzayza, S." box="[602,953,482,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="173 - 189" refId="ref14530" refString="Al-Eisawi, D. M. &amp; Al-Ruzayza, S. (2015) The flora of holy Mecca district, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Biodiversity Conservation 7 (3): 173 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.5897 / IJBC 2014.0773" type="journal article" year="2015">Al-Eisawi &amp; Al-Ruzayza 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B56FFB0068C002052276007" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,761]" box="[189,1325,518,545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0068C002056EF6006" bold="true" box="[189,485,518,544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Habitat and elevation:—</emphasis>
Human-made habitat, at
<quantity id="4C989B654B56FFB004CB002054736007" box="[762,889,518,545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="250.0">250–300 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB005F30020522B6007" author="Al-Eisawi, D. M. &amp; Al-Ruzayza, S." box="[962,1313,518,545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="173 - 189" refId="ref14530" refString="Al-Eisawi, D. M. &amp; Al-Ruzayza, S. (2015) The flora of holy Mecca district, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Biodiversity Conservation 7 (3): 173 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.5897 / IJBC 2014.0773" type="journal article" year="2015">Al-Eisawi &amp; Al-Ruzayza 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B56FFB0068C000C55656062" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,761]" box="[189,623,554,581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0068C000C56E26062" bold="true" box="[189,488,554,580]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Chromosome number:—</emphasis>
2n = 32, 34.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B56FFB0068C0068559E60AA" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0068C0068567A604E" bold="true" box="[189,368,590,616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Alien status:—</emphasis>
Neophyte species native to tropical areas of North and Central America, it can be considered as naturalized in
<collectingCountry id="F37776104B56FFB00719005456B360AA" box="[296,441,626,652]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB007F90054558260AA" author="Chaudhary, S. A." box="[456,648,626,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" refId="ref15255" refString="Chaudhary, S. A. (1998) Flora of the Kingdom of the Saudi Arabia, vol. 1. Ministry of Agriculture &amp; Water, Riyadh, 692 pp." type="book" year="1998">Chaudhary 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B56FFB0068C00B053C160DF" blockId="17.[136,1452,158,761]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0068C00B055906096" bold="true" box="[189,666,662,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
Occurrence in
<collectingCountry id="F37776104B56FFB0075C00B055016096" box="[365,523,662,688]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135B2A054B56FFB0042800B055666096" box="[537,620,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1435,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-251@17.[340,1247,785,1411]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Map of Amaranthus hybridus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7465648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7465648/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
):—
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49A4F8624B56FFB004AB00B055F66096" box="[666,764,662,688]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Al Bahah" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Al-Baha</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49A4F8624B56FFB0053700B054686096" box="[774,866,662,688]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Makkah" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Makkah</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB0054100B053C76097" author="Al-Eisawi, D. M. &amp; Al-Ruzayza, S." box="[880,1229,662,689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="173 - 189" refId="ref14530" refString="Al-Eisawi, D. M. &amp; Al-Ruzayza, S. (2015) The flora of holy Mecca district, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Biodiversity Conservation 7 (3): 173 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.5897 / IJBC 2014.0773" type="journal article" year="2015">Al-Eisawi &amp; Al-Ruzayza 2015</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingRegion id="49A4F8624B56FFB002D100B0522C6096" box="[1248,1318,662,688]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Tabuk" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Tabuk</collectingRegion>
(Aljieddani
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB006B9009D57CA60F2" box="[136,192,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
2021), Bisha (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB00755009C552560F2" author="Abbas, A. M. &amp; Al-Kahtani, M. A. &amp; Alfaifi, M. Y. &amp; Elbehairi, S. E. I. &amp; Badry, M. O." box="[356,559,698,724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="345" refId="ref14399" refString="Abbas, A. M., Al-Kahtani, M. A., Alfaifi, M. Y., Elbehairi, S. E. I. &amp; Badry, M. O. (2020) Floristic Diversity and Phytogeography of JABAL Fayfa: A Subtropical Dry Zone, South-WestSaudi Arabia. Diversity 12: 345. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.3390 / d 12090345" type="journal article" year="2020">
Abbas
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB00785009D56E760F2" box="[436,493,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
), and Taif (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB0049D009C549360F2" author="Abdullah, M. A. &amp; Al &amp; Yasee, H. &amp; Al-Sudani, Y. &amp; Moneruzaman, M." box="[684,921,698,724]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="762 - 769" refId="ref14472" refString="Abdullah, M. A., Al. Yasee, H., Al-Sudani, Y. &amp; Moneruzaman, M. (2017) Developing weeds of agricultural crops at different levels of heights, in taif area of Saudia Arabia. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 23 (5): 762 - 769." type="journal article" year="2017">
Abdullah
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0052C009D545F60F2" box="[797,853,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). No finding was done during the filed surveys. Further researches are necessary to verify the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB0050100F8532860DE" box="[816,1058,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0050100F8532860DE" box="[816,1058,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Amaranthus hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the country.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1F66084B56FFB006B907BD553B6797" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7465648" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7465648" box="[136,561,1435,1458]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7465648/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" startId="17.[136,229,1435,1457]" targetBox="[340,1246,785,1411]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B56FFB006B907BD553B6797" blockId="17.[136,561,1435,1458]" box="[136,561,1435,1458]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB006B907BD56006797" bold="true" box="[136,266,1435,1457]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Map of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB0076A07BA55216797" box="[347,555,1436,1457]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0076A07BA55216797" box="[347,555,1436,1457]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Amaranthus hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDF36804B56FFB0068C07C65408653D" blockId="17.[136,1452,1504,1819]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0068C07C6550B67DC" bold="true" box="[189,513,1504,1530]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Taxonomic annotations:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB0043107C655F067DC" box="[512,762,1504,1530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0043107C655F067DC" box="[512,762,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">Amaranthus hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species characterized in having an high phenotypic variability, especially concerning the features of the flowers.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB0050C042253146438" author="Costea, M. &amp; Sanders, A. &amp; Waines, G." box="[829,1054,1540,1566]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="931 - 974" refId="ref15394" refString="Costea, M., Sanders, A. &amp; Waines, G. (2001) Preliminary results towards a revision of the Amaranthus hybridus complex (Amaranthaceae). Sida 19: 931 - 974." type="journal article" year="2001">
Costea
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB005A3042354C16438" box="[914,971,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
recognized two subspecies [
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB00353042257E06464" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="hybridus">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB006B9040E57E06464" box="[136,234,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB00714040E542E6464" authority="(Kunth) Costea &amp; Carretero" authorityName="Costea &amp; Carretero" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[293,804,1576,1602]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="quitensis">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB00744040F56D36464" box="[373,473,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">quitensis</emphasis>
(Kunth) Costea &amp; Carretero
</taxonomicName>
] on the basis of the shape of the tepals (ovate and acute in
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB00697046A565D6440" box="[166,343,1612,1638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="hybridus">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB006C4046A565D6440" box="[245,343,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, obovate to spathulate tepals and obtuse to truncate in
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB005FB046A53776440" box="[970,1149,1612,1638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="quitensis">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB00228046B53776440" box="[1049,1149,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">quitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, one of us (DI) believes that the taxon
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB007B6045756E164AC" box="[391,491,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">quitensis</emphasis>
is more related to
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB004860456544664AC" box="[695,844,1648,1674]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retroflexus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB004860456544664AC" box="[695,844,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">A. retroflexus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at least on the basis of shape and length of the tepal (a study is in progress by DI). In other cases, other taxa (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB0052D04B254916488" box="[796,923,1684,1710]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruentus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0052D04B254916488" box="[796,923,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">A. cruentus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. or
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB005EE04B253B56488" box="[991,1215,1684,1710]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypochondriacus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB005EE04B253B56488" box="[991,1215,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">A. hypochondriacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.) were accepted as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB00715049E56AF64F4" box="[292,421,1720,1746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB00715049E56AF64F4" box="[292,421,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">A. hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see, e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B714B56FFB00424049E55FA64F4" author="Galasso, G. &amp; Bartolucci, F. &amp; Peruzzi, L. &amp; Ardenghi, N. M. G. &amp; Albano, A. &amp; Alessandrini, A. &amp; Bacchetta, G. &amp; Ballelli, S. &amp; Baldini Mazzanti, M. &amp; Barberis, G. &amp; Bernardo, L. &amp; Bouvet, D. &amp; Bovio, M. &amp; Cecchi, L. &amp; Del Guacchio, E. &amp; Domina, G. &amp; Fascetti, S. &amp; Gallo, L. &amp; Gubellini, L. &amp; Guiggi, A. &amp; Iamonico, D. &amp; Iberite, M. &amp; Jimenez-Mejias, P. &amp; Lattanzi, E. &amp; Marchetti, D. &amp; Martinetto, E. &amp; Masin, R. R. &amp; Medagli, P. &amp; Passalacqua, N. G. &amp; Peccenini, S. &amp; Pennesi, R. &amp; Pierini, B. &amp; Podda, L. &amp; Poldini, L. &amp; Prosser, F. &amp; Raimondo, F. M. &amp; Roma-Marzio, F. &amp; Rosati, L. &amp; Santangelo, A. &amp; Scoppola, A. &amp; Scortegagna, S. &amp; Selvaggi, A. &amp; Selvi, F. &amp; Soldano, A. &amp; Stinca, A. &amp; Wagensommer, R. P. &amp; Wilhalm, T. &amp; Conti, C." box="[533,752,1720,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" pagination="556 - 592" refId="ref15857" refString="Galasso, G., Bartolucci, F., Peruzzi, L., Ardenghi, N. M. G., Albano, A., Alessandrini, A., Bacchetta, G., Ballelli, S., Baldini Mazzanti, M., Barberis, G., Bernardo, L., Bouvet, D., Bovio, M., Cecchi, L., Del Guacchio, E., Domina, G., Fascetti, S., Gallo, L., Gubellini, L., Guiggi, A., Iamonico, D., Iberite, M., Jimenez-Mejias, P., Lattanzi, E., Marchetti, D., Martinetto, E., Masin, R. R., Medagli, P., Passalacqua, N. G., Peccenini, S., Pennesi, R., Pierini, B., Podda, L., Poldini, L., Prosser, F., Raimondo, F. M., Roma-Marzio, F., Rosati, L., Santangelo, A., Scoppola, A., Scortegagna, S., Selvaggi, A., Selvi, F., Soldano, A., Stinca, A., Wagensommer, R. P., Wilhalm, T. &amp; Conti, C. (2018) An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. Plant biosystems 152 (3): 556 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11263504.2018.1441197" type="journal article" year="2018">
Galasso
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB00445049F55A664F4" box="[628,684,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Anyway, further several forms were described in the past and a taxonomic revision is still lacking. We here accept the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="4C604D034B56FFB0059904FA532364D0" box="[936,1065,1756,1782]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Amaranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="B914EA924B56FFB0059904FA532364D0" box="[936,1065,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="152">A. hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as separate species from the other member of the aggregate, according to Iamonico (2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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