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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8fe0041e-40a6-4fd0-a674-948f3f919703" ID-PMC="PMC8159918" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1039-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FA2622A854585C59A7E8182A4E66C6DF" ID-PubMed="34084064" ID-ZooBank="3487C3570FAC4907A5C0C0A0C801C6E3" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1039-1" checkinTime="1621541808324" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Feng &amp; Bezdek, Jan" docDate="2021" docId="DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1039: 1-108" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1039" docPubDate="2021-05-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740" docTitle="Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FA2622A854585C59A7E8182A4E66C6DF" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FA2622A854585C59A7E8182A4E66C6DF" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668152740594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lee, Chi-Feng</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-0557</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung 413, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chifeng@tari.gov.tw</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bezdek, Jan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-7211</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Mendel University in Brno, Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Zemĕdĕlska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-05-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1039</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>108</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1039-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3487C3570FAC4907A5C0C0A0C801C6E3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FA2622A854585C59A7E8182A4E66C6DF</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="DEDB15F9-C017-5291-9F5B-96D3951FC335" authority="Kimoto, 1996" authorityName="Kimoto" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta takizawai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takizawai">Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto, 1996</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="F49" captionText="Figure 49. Habitus of Pyrrhalta ohbayashii Kimoto and P. takizawai Kimoto A P. ohbayashii, male, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D P. takizawai, female, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545579" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 49D-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 51</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto on host plant A egg mass B First-instar larvae C Third-instar larva D pupa E young adults F older adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 52</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimoto" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta takizawai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takizawai">Pyrrhalta takizawai</taxonomicName>
Kimoto, 1996: 32;
<bibRefCitation author="Kimoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B42" refString="Kimoto, S, Takizawa, H, 1997. Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Taiwan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo" title="Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Taiwan." year="1997">Kimoto and Takizawa 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 300 (key), 374;
<bibRefCitation author="Beenen, R" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="6). Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 491" publicationUrl="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20123189777" refId="B3" refString="Beenen, R, 2010. Galerucinae. In: Loebl, I, Smetana, A, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 6). Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 443 - 491, https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20123189777" title="Galerucinae." url="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20123189777" volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2010">Beenen 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 453 (catalogue); Lee and Cheng 2010: 124 (redescription);
<bibRefCitation author="Xue, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Junk, ' s-Gravenhage" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20103331643" refId="B93" refString="Xue, HJ, Yang, X-K, 2010. Species catalogue of Pyrrhalta Joannis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) of the world. Entomotaxonomia 32 (supplement): 119-136. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20103331643" title="Species catalogue of Pyrrhalta Joannis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) of the world. Entomotaxonomia 32 (supplement): 119 - 136." url="https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20103331643" year="2010">Xue and Yang 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 130 (catalogue);
<bibRefCitation author="Yang, X" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B98" refString="Yang, X, Ge, S, Nie, R, Ruan, Y, Li, W, 2015. Chinese leaf beetles. Science Press, Beijing" title="Chinese leaf beetles." year="2015">Yang et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 121 (catalogue).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
♀ (SEHU, by original designation): &quot;Nanshanchi (南山溪) / Nantou, Taiwan / 7,12.VII.1983 / H. Takizawa [p, w] //
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joannis" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyrrhalta</taxonomicName>
[h] / Det. H. Takizawa [p, w] /
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joannis" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyrrhalta</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimoto" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta takizawai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takizawai">Pyrrhalta takizawai</taxonomicName>
/ Kimoto, n. sp. [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p, w] // HOLOTYPE [p, r] // 00000000154 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] [p, w]&quot;.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
1♀ (KMNH): &quot;Nanshanchi / Nantou, Taiwan [p] / 25.VIII [h] 1983 / K. Ra [p, w] //
<taxonomicName authorityName="Joannis" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyrrhalta</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimoto" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta takizawai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takizawai">Pyrrhalta takizawai</taxonomicName>
/ Kimoto, n. sp. [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p, w] // PARATYPE [p, b] // PHOTO [p, r]&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-03-05" collectorName="S. - F. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Feifengshan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hsinchu">
<collectingCountry name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="Hsinchu">Hsinchu</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:C92BDD1691594FF510C383794EC7DB4A" country="Taiwan" name="Feifengshan" stateProvince="Hsinchu">Feifengshan</location>
(飛鳳山),
<collectingDate value="2009-03-05">5.III.2009</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>S.-F. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-06-21" collectorName="W. - T. Liu" country="Taiwan" location="Kuanhsi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:2FA12BF57A33F1E1B8C72272277CA272" country="Taiwan" name="Kuanhsi">Kuanhsi</location>
(關西),
<collectingDate value="2009-06-21">21.VI.2009</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>W.-T. Liu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-07-24" collectorName="H. Lee" country="Taiwan" location="Kuanhsi" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">8♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same locality,
<collectingDate value="2010-07-24">24.VII.2010</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>H. Lee</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-06-26" collectorName="H. Lee" country="Taiwan" location="Peitelaman" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:21D49298F91C3C6B790D777350217D5F" country="Taiwan" name="Peitelaman">Peitelaman</location>
(北德拉曼),
<collectingDate value="2008-06-26">26.VI.2008</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>H. Lee</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-08-23" collectorName="Y. - L. Lin" country="Taiwan" location="Shihlu" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:73940E1B6CF911576290D5FBDC2C2CA9" country="Taiwan" name="Shihlu">Shihlu</location>
trail (石鹿古道),
<collectingDate value="2014-08-23">23.VIII.2014</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Y.-L. Lin</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-08-26" collectorName="Y. - L. Lin" country="Taiwan" location="Talu" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:12CD9A69C8250C41B1C5D3E6F0226338" country="Taiwan" name="Talu">Talu</location>
trail (大鹿林道),
<collectingDate value="2012-08-26">26.VIII.2012</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Y.-L. Lin</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-03-17" collectorName="S. - F. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Wufeng" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:0A6024405C0B6D27E606DDCFFA40BB24" country="Taiwan" name="Wufeng">Wufeng</location>
(五峰),
<collectingDate value="2009-03-17">17.III.2009</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>S.-F. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2009-03-01" collectorName="M. - H. Tsou" country="Taiwan" location="Tahunshan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:21B2940A36DF491C3CDA1FDB208DD967" country="Taiwan" name="Tahunshan">Tahunshan</location>
(大混山),
<collectingDate value="2009-03-01">1.III.2009</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>M.-H. Tsou</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-06-02" collectorName="F. &amp; L. Kantner" country="Taiwan" location="Ilan" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:5FC25E1AAD16904F41EF1F404504D830" country="Taiwan" name="Ilan">Ilan</location>
:
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(JBCB, NMPC),
<locationDeviation location="Ilan">
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
N of Ilan
</locationDeviation>
city,
<collectingDate value="2008-06-02">2.VI.2008</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>F. &amp; L. Kantner</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-04-09" collectorName="J. - C. Chen" country="Taiwan" location="Lilungshan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Pingtung">
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung">Pingtung</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:BB0FE53FFE33D893D874D706038CE5E8" country="Taiwan" name="Lilungshan" stateProvince="Pingtung">Lilungshan</location>
(里龍山),
<collectingDate value="2013-04-09">9.IV.2013</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>J.-C. Chen</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-03-24" collectorName="Y. - T. Chung" country="Taiwan" location="Lilungshan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Pingtung">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI), same locality,
<collectingDate value="2014-03-24">24.III.2014</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Y.-T. Chung</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“23.III.2016”">
&quot;
<date value="2016-03-23">23.III.2016</date>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
;
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI), Neiwen (內文),
<date value="2013-04-12">12.IV.2013</date>
, leg. B.-X. Guo;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-04-26" collectorName="Y. - T. Chung" country="Taiwan" location="Shouka" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:63103EC3B23F89917517421DF0060B45" country="Taiwan" name="Shouka">Shouka</location>
(壽卡),
<collectingDate value="2013-04-26">26.IV.2013</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Y.-T. Chung</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“13.VI.2013”">
&quot;
<date value="2013-06-13">13.VI.2013</date>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
;
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), Shuangliu (雙流),
<date value="2008-04-12">12.IV.2008</date>
, leg. Y.-T. Chung;
<specimenCount type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“25.IV.2018”">
&quot;
<date value="2018-04-25">25.IV.2018</date>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
;
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山),
<date value="2007-07-18">18.VII.2007</date>
, leg. S.-F. Yu;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-08-06" collectorName="Y. - T. Chung" country="Taiwan" location="Shouka" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same locality,
<collectingDate value="2016-08-06">6.VIII.2016</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Y.-T. Chung</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-02-19" collectorName="S. - F. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Tungyuan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:FB30658D182F55A441A2C1569A5E28CA" country="Taiwan" name="Tungyuan">Tungyuan</location>
(東源),
<collectingDate value="2007-02-19">19.II.2007</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>S.-F. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-04-26" collectorName="H. Lee" country="Taiwan" location="Chiachiuliao" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Taipei">
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="Taipei">Taipei</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:E27692337C4D589A165B6F4E048CF359" country="Taiwan" name="Chiachiuliao" stateProvince="Taipei">Chiachiuliao</location>
(加九寮),
<collectingDate value="2008-04-26">26.IV.2008</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>H. Lee</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-06-17" collectorName="S. - F. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Fushan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:6D748264C6BA5A55A37D972E695D1432" country="Taiwan" name="Fushan">Fushan</location>
(福山),
<collectingDate value="2008-06-17">17.VI.2008</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>S.-F. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-07-17" collectorName="Y. - L. Lin" country="Taiwan" location="Pinglin" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:3EAB45F9DAAC643824B5359E098AED3C" country="Taiwan" name="Pinglin">Pinglin</location>
(坪林),
<collectingDate value="2010-07-17">17.VII.2010</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Y.-L. Lin</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-07-06" collectorName="Y. - C. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Zoo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Taipei">
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="Taipei">Taipei</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:5CF38FCC8A19CA3ADB276DD516D880F6" country="Taiwan" name="Zoo" stateProvince="Taipei">Zoo</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2006-07-06">6.VII.2006</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>Y.-C. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-10-20" collectingDateMax="2007-02-10" collectingDateMin="2006-10-20" collectorName="S. - F. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Zoo" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Taipei">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“20.X.2006”">
&quot;
<collectingDate value="2006-10-20">20.X.2006</collectingDate>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
;
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same locality,
<collectingDate value="2007-02-10">10.II.2007</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>S.-F. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-05-24" collectingDateMax="2008-01-19" collectingDateMin="2007-05-24" collectorName="M. - H. Tsao" country="Taiwan" location="Zoo" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Taipei">
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“24.V.2007”">
&quot;
<collectingDate value="2007-05-24">24.V.2007</collectingDate>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
;
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“27.VI.2007”">
&quot;
<collectingDate value="2007-06-27">27.VI.2007</collectingDate>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
;
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“19.I.2008”">
&quot;
<collectingDate value="2008-01-19">19.I.2008</collectingDate>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
;
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same locality,
<collectingDate value="2007-05-24">24.V.2007</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>M.-H. Tsao</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2007-07-10" collectingDateMax="2008-01-19" collectingDateMin="2007-05-24" collectorName="C. - F. Lee" country="Taiwan" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Zoo" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Taipei">
<specimenCount type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same locality,
<collectingDate value="2007-07-10">10.VII.2007</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>C.-F. Lee</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-04-29" collectorName="L. Huang" country="Taiwan" location="Takouhsi" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:5A792CDBD93C768D95C103F44A9E82BD" country="Taiwan" name="Takouhsi">Takouhsi</location>
(大溝溪),
<collectingDate value="2020-04-29">29.IV.2020</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>L. Huang</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2014-08-22" collectorName="S. - F. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Yuanshan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:FFE0BE5550F57F781E824CBCBE2B4EC6" country="Taiwan" name="Yuanshan">Yuanshan</location>
(鳶山),
<collectingDate value="2014-08-22">22.VIII.2014</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>S.-F. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2008-04-21" collectingDateMax="2008-04-23" collectingDateMin="2008-04-21" collectorName="S. - F. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Hsuanyuan" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Taoyuan">
<collectingRegion country="Taiwan" name="Taoyuan">Taoyuan</collectingRegion>
:
<specimenCount type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:D1A8BCC955258C11C51BA062F948AEEF" country="Taiwan" name="Hsuanyuan" stateProvince="Taoyuan">Hsuanyuan</location>
(萱源),
<collectingDate value="2008-04-21" valueMax="2008-04-23" valueMin="2008-04-21">21-23.IV.2008</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>S.-F. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-05-04" collectorName="S. - F. Yu" country="Taiwan" location="Lalashan" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:8C82B3BE444CB7BC29779B75BF33F117" country="Taiwan" name="Lalashan">Lalashan</location>
(拉拉山),
<collectingDate value="2010-05-04">4.V.2010</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>S.-F. Yu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-04-16" collectorName="M. - H. Tsou" country="Taiwan" location="Yongfu" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI),
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DEDB15F9C01752919F5B96D3951FC335:03357658BDF9F79D5B211E14FEE11AA9" country="Taiwan" name="Yongfu">Yongfu</location>
(永福),
<collectingDate value="2011-04-16">16.IV.2011</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName>M.-H. Tsou</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount type="male">7♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“4.VI.2011”">
&quot;
<date value="2011-06-04">4.VI.2011</date>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
;
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(TARI), same but with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“14.III.2015”">
&quot;
<date value="2015-03-14">14.III.2015</date>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545580" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 50" startId="F50">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 50.</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimoto" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta ohbayashii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohbayashii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrhalta ohbayashii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kimoto
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
antenna, male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
antenna, female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
aedeagus except apex, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
apex of aedeagus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
aedeagus, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
abdominal ventrite VIII
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
apex of tibia of middle leg, male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
gonocoxae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
spermatheca
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
abdominal ventrite V, female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
abdominal ventrite V, male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
tarsi of middle leg, male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescription.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Length 10.4-12.3 mm, width 4.3-5.4 mm. Body dark brown or blackish brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="F49" captionText="Figure 49. Habitus of Pyrrhalta ohbayashii Kimoto and P. takizawai Kimoto A P. ohbayashii, male, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D P. takizawai, female, dorsal view E ditto, ventral view F ditto, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure49" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545579" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">49D-F</figureCitation>
); antennae, tibiae, tarsi, and apices of femora black; teneral individuals with body yellowish brown. Eyes extremely small, interocular space 2.85-3.42
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
diameter of eye. Antennae filiform in males (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51A</figureCitation>
; length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.9: 1.8: 2.0: 2.3: 2.0: 2.0: 2.1: 2.1: 2.0: 1.8: 2.6; similar in females (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51B</figureCitation>
), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.6: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.9: 1.7: 1.8: 2.3: 2.0: 2.1: 2.2: 2.2: 2.0: 2.0: 3.1. Pronotum and elytra convex. Pronotum 1.9-2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
broader than long, disc smooth; and with extremely dense, coarse and fine punctures, and short pubescence; with median longitudinal and lateral depressions; lateral margins moderately rounded, widest at apical 1/3, apical and basal margins slightly concave; anterior and posterior setiferous punctures slightly erect. Elytra broad, parallel-sided, 1.6-1.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide; disc smooth, with dense, coarse punctures; and extremely dense short pubescence, some pubescence located between coarse punctures. Apical spur of tibia of middle leg absent, tarsomeres I of front and middle legs enlarged in males. Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51C, D</figureCitation>
) broad in dorsal view, 4.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, broadest at apical 1/6, strongly narrowed from apical 1/6 to apex, apex narrowly rounded, gradually narrowed from apical 1/6 to base; symmetric; ostium covered by a membrane; strongly curved from apical 1/6 to base in lateral view, apex narrowly acute; no endophallic sclerites. Gonocoxae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51E</figureCitation>
) connected at base, irregularly margined, with six to eight long setae near apex of each gonocoxa. Ventrite VIII (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51I</figureCitation>
) well sclerotized, apical margin moderately concave at middle, fringed with dense long and short setae; spiculum extremely short. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51F</figureCitation>
) very swollen; pump extremely long and strongly curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct wide and short. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V with deep notch at middle in males (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51H</figureCitation>
); shallow notch in females (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 51" captionStartId="F51" captionText="Figure 51. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E gonocoxae F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I abdominal ventrite VIII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">51G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure51" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545581" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 51" startId="F51">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 51.</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimoto" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta takizawai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takizawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrhalta takizawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kimoto
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
antenna, male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
antenna, female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
aedeagus, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
ditto, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
gonocoxae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
spermatheca
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
abdominal ventrite V, female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
abdominal ventrite V, male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
abdominal ventrite VIII.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Adults of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. takizawai" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="takizawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. takizawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kimoto are similar to those of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. igai" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="igai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. igai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kimoto and
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. meihuai" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="meihuai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. meihuai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having large, brown bodies but differ by the sparse pubescence on the pronotum (vs. dense pubescence on pronotum in
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. igai" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="igai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. igai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. meihuai" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="meihuai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. meihuai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.), sparse, coarse punctures on elytra (vs. dense, coarse punctures on elytra in
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. meihuai" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="meihuai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. meihuai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.; sparse, fine punctures on elytra in
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. igai" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="igai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. igai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The form of the aedeagus, gonocoxae, and female abdominal ventrite VIII are also diagnostic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plant.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Larvae and adults feed on leaves of
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Celtis sinensis" order="Urticales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Celtis sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pers. (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cannabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Urticales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Cannabaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Adults were collected from Taipei City Zoo, January 19, 2008 and transferred to the laboratory for rearing. Females began to deposit an average of 10-20 eggs in single egg mass (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto on host plant A egg mass B First-instar larvae C Third-instar larva D pupa E young adults F older adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">52A</figureCitation>
) during middle March. Larvae hatched in 7 days. The larvae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto on host plant A egg mass B First-instar larvae C Third-instar larva D pupa E young adults F older adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">52B</figureCitation>
) fed on leaves and the larval duration was 14 days. mature larvae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto on host plant A egg mass B First-instar larvae C Third-instar larva D pupa E young adults F older adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">52C</figureCitation>
) burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto on host plant A egg mass B First-instar larvae C Third-instar larva D pupa E young adults F older adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">52D</figureCitation>
) was 28-30 days. Newly emerged adults (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto on host plant A egg mass B First-instar larvae C Third-instar larva D pupa E young adults F older adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">52E</figureCitation>
) were yellowish brown and appeared during spring and were active (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="F52" captionText="Figure 52. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta takizawai Kimoto on host plant A egg mass B First-instar larvae C Third-instar larva D pupa E young adults F older adults." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">52F</figureCitation>
). They became darker during summer and autumn and were inactive during winter.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1039.64740.figure52" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/545582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 52" startId="F52">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 52.</emphasis>
Field photographs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kimoto" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pyrrhalta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhalta takizawai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takizawai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrhalta takizawai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kimoto on host plant
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
egg mass
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
First-instar larvae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Third-instar larva
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
pupa
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
young adults
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
older adults.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species is widespread at lowlands (0-1,500 m) in Taiwan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>