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<document id="0BBE2D325D6D6BDCB128955DD822F9CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="32412" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.12674" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e25cb680-ebc3-43a3-8ff7-3f4d81a356fa" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-1-131" ID-ZBK="" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="2367-5365-1-131" ModsDocOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 40 (1)" ModsDocTitle="A new pygmy leafmining moth, Stigmellatatrica sp. n., from the alpine zone of the Tatra Mountains (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)" checkinTime="1502745467854" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tokar, Zdenko, Lastuvka, Ales &amp; Nieukerken, Erik J. van" docDate="2017" docId="892F726333FC96A9F0371DDE083926DA" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 40(1): 131-140" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 40 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.12674" docTitle="Stigmella tatrica Tokar, Lastuvka &amp; van Nieukerken, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="FF902F16FFE5FFCA147EFFF7E852FFEF" masterDocTitle="A new pygmy leafmining moth, Stigmellatatrica sp. n., from the alpine zone of the Tatra Mountains (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="131" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1719970442237" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="027BAB127DB176024B4D372D56A1B4F4">A new pygmy leafmining moth, Stigmellatatrica sp. n., from the alpine zone of the Tatra Mountains (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED5538167E1D5DEE4C1B41F5EBD2A8C7">Tokar, Zdenko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B9DAF600D042BA460027B8B900867BF">Lastuvka, Ales</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2EE1D8BE8B3F255E1205822A358BD541">Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="892F726333FC96A9F0371DDE083926DA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650040" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:892F726333FC96A9F0371DDE083926DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/892F726333FC96A9F0371DDE083926DA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">
<subSubSection id="B811903EBF3A4ABACA3CF3CE2DBE1DCD" pageId="2" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1F8CCD002DB5C57A4A19D64D5FCD6D7F" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="99F83D08E401012C94275C7FC00093E5" LSID="http://zoobank.org/97DD8700-29A6-4628-B331-8EE0ADC5E965" authority="Tokar, Lastuvka &amp; van Nieukerken" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">
Stigmella tatrica
<normalizedToken id="528EFC3088BC84A50CCC9BA7BA478F18" originalValue="Tokár">Tokar</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="717BF68B901BF8210741C9EA447A9FD9" originalValue="Laštůvka">Lastuvka</normalizedToken>
&amp; van Nieukerken
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="185892C8B78C53693411C05C470D8F7A" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB135357919D1F05B680114D5E2CCE6" pageId="2" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1E4A8FEFF1C2429E012415AEBC4648A0" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3034AAC7309EEDC41344EDFA63DDE88F" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">
Holotype: ♂, pinned, with genitalia in glycerol in a small plastic vial. Original labels: &quot;Slovakia, Belianske Tatry,
<normalizedToken id="F59A4B67B242C71F8BD492FD86B71778" originalValue="Zadné">Zadne</normalizedToken>
Jatky, 1950-2010 m,
<geoCoordinate id="4F695F5EB80D1F9AD9CDDD54DE97F664" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="49.236332">49°14.18'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="8737CEE8A001A24DAB89871AE87240D6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="20.225">20°13.50'E</geoCoordinate>
, 30.vii.2016, Zdenko
<normalizedToken id="8964156838D26E367E6A2600DA62D05E" originalValue="Tokár">Tokar</normalizedToken>
leg.&quot;, &quot;HOLOTYPE
<taxonomicName id="959F6605D110D62D8E901103C424CB8B" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="D45F340376B9D7CF34773A1510FD0EEA" originalValue="Tokár">Tokar</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="AE409E65B0379C1ADD89591A5D59BCD7" originalValue="Laštůvka">Lastuvka</normalizedToken>
&amp; van Nieukerken&quot; (red label), coll. Z.
<normalizedToken id="A529347237A3210BC9F67DBADB69AA4A" originalValue="Tokár">Tokar</normalizedToken>
(to be deposited in the Central Slovakia Museum
<normalizedToken id="4ADCE5ABFE572F13E15C154795B3C165" originalValue="Banská">Banska</normalizedToken>
Bystrica).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="55DB4A3DA9FE47ED2CFC64D39CA3FA93" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">
Paratypes: 14♂, 2♀, same locality and data as holotype, Gp. ZT ♂ 12873-5, 12878, 12918, ♀ 12876, ZT leg., coll. ZT &amp; AL; 1♂,
<normalizedToken id="51166A686B852319539A2CE025176A2A" originalValue="František">Frantisek</normalizedToken>
Kuraj leg. &amp; coll.; same locality as holotype, 2.viii.2014, 2♂, Gp. ZT 12266-7, ZT leg., coll. RMNH, DNA samples Tokar 12266, 12267; Belianske Tatry,
<normalizedToken id="4ED1BB571895F057CDFA240BC97760DB" originalValue="Bujačí">Bujaci</normalizedToken>
Vrch,
<geoCoordinate id="D77FE602356B59E2FB348EC94D67661D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="49.224667">49°13.48'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="5A2883886C22411B00B31EB06FA607E9" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="20.259167">20°15.55'E</geoCoordinate>
, 4.viii.2011, 2♂,
<normalizedToken id="5CC0B36E562F5F5E4808078C8659528C" originalValue="Ignác">Ignac</normalizedToken>
Richter leg. &amp; coll.;
<normalizedToken id="2FF07885CDB280E3A2098878713065A2" originalValue="Západné">Zapadne</normalizedToken>
Tatry,
<normalizedToken id="7CAE1EEEB55B874A59ED6DFECA8C2847" originalValue="Červené">Cervene</normalizedToken>
Vrchy, Stoly-Temniak,
<geoCoordinate id="C50FE5F850456D42404D7F007410DC9E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="49.221333">49°13.28'N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="95E022163C93DDBB529C43D883C10A6F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="19.903166">19°54.19'E</geoCoordinate>
, 29.vii.2005, 3♂, Gp. ZT 9085, 9087, 9132, ZT leg., coll. AL, DNA samples RMNH.5012163, RMNH.5012164 (DNA extracts in RMNH); 1♂, Gp. Richter 9847,
<normalizedToken id="3AFF63B2B9E2947F3A5D32EA96484E5A" originalValue="Ignác">Ignac</normalizedToken>
Richter leg. &amp; coll. All paratypes with red label &quot;PARATYPE
<taxonomicName id="1B67B9839E7CE36EB484731B34830994" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="45B539AA6CA7DF3E94A402AA7C795898" originalValue="Tokár">Tokar</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="B2DEDEFA8ACF91888B2D5775AFE9D271" originalValue="Laštůvka">Lastuvka</normalizedToken>
&amp; van Nieukerken&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9B1ABEB460B81F17762EE5CDA5BCF4FB" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="2" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph id="42123C2265F90C20E1423FD671027183" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="288C8C730D7F90744DCAAC3378DBCE57" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">Adult, male (Fig. 1). Wingspan 4.0-5.0 mm. Head: frontal tuft black, collar with black lamellar scales. Antenna black, with 32-35 segments. Scape white. Thorax and tegula glossy black. Ground colour of forewing brown with dark golden sheen; dark violet metallic reflection around postmedial fascia and towards the forewing apex. Fascia shining silver, wider at costal margin. Fringe grey. Hindwing grey, no androconial scales. Abdomen brown to black with whitish scales on margins of segment and whitish anal tufts.</paragraph>
<caption id="3FC31625510FCCDB6E93B46343F4EEE6" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">
<paragraph id="5640C1BE8DF234D1EF608AA28804C4CC" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName id="03E8A115C34D7C6D4894600FF6D5B8C7" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
sp. n., male, holotype, wingspan 4.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2825748FBC552748D9778D6C906CB457" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">Female (Fig. 2). Wingspan 4.0-4.5 mm. Antenna shorter, with 26 segments. Forewing markings as male. Abdomen with remarkable protruding ovipositor, no anal tufts.</paragraph>
<caption id="1DAE2A8EADA1B5178A52F47C299C85DD" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">
<paragraph id="62B24076BF7CFA465B0B9AD5E18B9223" pageId="2" pageNumber="133">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName id="08ED2F639B15F7EDEC546EDA41FEA911" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
sp. n., female, paratype, Belianske Tatra Mts,
<normalizedToken id="1CDC7269CD9D7A020E285826C625F306" originalValue="Zadné">Zadne</normalizedToken>
Jatky Mt., 30.vii.2016, wingspan 4.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A83376B080CA9A2C4A10642F17A51E00" pageId="3" pageNumber="134">
<pageBreakToken id="03D43CA48CE19A8F8131C7E832A27F85" pageId="3" pageNumber="134" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
genitalia (Figs 3-5). Vinculum moderately long, anteriorly slightly bilobed. Uncus very broad, with posterior processes well separated, each bilobed. Gnathos with long and separated posterior processes. Valva rectangular with very short and blunt distal process. Transtilla broad with relatively short sublateral processes. Phallus cylindrical, slightly longer than genital capsule, vesica with long series of pointed cornuti of different sizes and three separate thorn-shaped cornuti near phallotrema.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87A6081DC2A2AEC5CF3AD5A4C8AB07FE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="3" pageNumber="134">
Female genitalia (Fig. 6). Apophyses very long and strongly sclerotized, forming a conspicuous ovipositor protruding from abdomen. Posterior apophyses about 1.3 times as long as anterior apophy
<pageBreakToken id="95A2A7EDA3D5A21C621DED425912C5F3" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" start="start">ses</pageBreakToken>
. Anterior apophyses very broad, well sclerotized anteriorly. Length of corpus bursae shorter than posterior apophyses, devoid of pectinations. Accessory sac heavily folded, longer than corpus bursae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1ABEA8107FC615AF3DF3A457276D6CD8" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
<paragraph id="CD7B7C2AB394ED0C3A1DCE8E519D5BAD" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
Figures 3-6. Male and female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="69D48001DA236D1FC4429886A5EBDA6C" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
sp. n., paratypes. 3. Male genitalia, Gp. ZT ♂ 9085, dorsal view; 4. phallus; 5.Gp. ZT ♂ 9087, vesica everted. 6. Female genitalia, Gp. ZT ♀ 12876. (Figs 3-5, scale bar 0.25 mm; Fig. 6, scale bar 0.5 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E84FD0C2F29B138DD5B3E8973DB077A8" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6466227DD279EF5DE56810C7F49E4DB4" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="818A0D867D0BC72E3975D930E2372F4B" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="334027D5F8907DFF8C5C7399EE216CDA" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
is somewhat similar to several other montane species in the
<taxonomicName id="BBFF89F3BC36F1413B80BF8863293379" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella aurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurella">Stigmella aurella</taxonomicName>
group in forewing colour and pattern and in male genitalia. Externally it is indistinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="DB52A5953B1AA3E3BC949E67D34F00C2" lsidName="S. tormentillella" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="tormentillella">S. tormentillella</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="9CCE9A18D39F6838B3096B3E04713FE3" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
, 1860). Carpathian
<taxonomicName id="3C7D2002C39E30787F5D0D5443A62453" lsidName="S. dryadella" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="dryadella">S. dryadella</taxonomicName>
differs from the new species by more glossy forewings, a wider violet area before fascia and paler head and collar. In the male genitalia the new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="860BDFBDEE7FF76D4C55D97DDE4626EE" lsidName="S. geimontani" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="geimontani">S. geimontani</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EB63775EC954C38CC4558E00164A5C61" lsidName="S. stelviana" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="stelviana">S. stelviana</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="921B13CCCD1E4421E87D6DA8944ADB90" lsidName="S. aeneofasciella" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="aeneofasciella">S. aeneofasciella</taxonomicName>
, but it differs significantly from these externally. Unlike
<taxonomicName id="F61790D97BCF2FC2356A7B9026600FA1" lsidName="S. tatrica" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="tatrica">S. tatrica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7649741BFDD22BB1CA6D5AF2EB15553" lsidName="S. tormentillella" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="tormentillella">S. tormentillella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7CD9E71868DB8C22E761E43D4B775774" lsidName="S. dryadella" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="dryadella">S. dryadella</taxonomicName>
have only one large cornutus in their vesica. In the female genitalia
<taxonomicName id="D681318A600D3C874D6C210833901D79" lsidName="S. tatrica" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="tatrica">S. tatrica</taxonomicName>
differs considerably from other species in the group by the long and strong apophyses, forming a protruding ovipositor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AC3250F7007694F4B7F79A60291FF3E" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0A2CD66321F7A9921D2DAE2D78E81E92" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87B4CD22F2E3ACA79D45F8A096F9D395" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
The early stages of the new species are unknown. The adults were observed flying over low cover of high-altitude plant communities with the presence of
<taxonomicName id="F94F8EFDBA4F37B303B48F8D6F5DF0EA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dryas octopetala" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octopetala">Dryas octopetala</taxonomicName>
and resting or quickly moving on leaves of that plant. Adults were collected during daylight hours between 29th July and 4th August (light collecting was not attempted). This likely represents a single annual generation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7ED2B5773602225BB358590DA843D9F4" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="109CC2867094B8300258FF9954ED5235" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">Distribution and habitat</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C3D31578761DA173FA384EC9F3DB6D9" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
(Figs 7-10).
<taxonomicName id="046D4CCFD27DCCA908EFE632CF98EA4E" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
is so far known only from the alpine zone of the Eastern and Western Tatra Mountains. In the Eastern Tatra it was found in the Belianske Tatra Mountains (Belianske Tatry),
<normalizedToken id="8C92FE096D04A9AE90ED72AB8D90D12E" originalValue="Zadné">Zadne</normalizedToken>
Jatky Mountain and
<normalizedToken id="49223304454D93DD28B9A3792C6AD12F" originalValue="Bujačí">Bujaci</normalizedToken>
Vrch Mountain at an altitude of 1800-2010 m. In the Western Tatra it was taken in the Red Mountains (
<normalizedToken id="E5D3A4BE09A2D51E812FB9336669D001" originalValue="Červené">Cervene</normalizedToken>
Vrchy), Stoly Rocks at Temniak Mountain, near the Slovak-Polish border at an altitude of about 1800-1900 m.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A5ECAB3F190A169C658E4C8653DE20B4" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
<paragraph id="50D02F89FB13376F3C5759D4828B44F7" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
Figure 7. The Western Tatra Mts, Red Mts, Stoly Rocks, 29.vii.2005, locality where the first adults of
<taxonomicName id="B2487244ACFF7C96A549628AC09E2384" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
were obtained. Photograph Z.
<normalizedToken id="848B29BA83F2219756289344F8BA6030" originalValue="Tokár">Tokar</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1DB76688DE26EADF338FE504C625CA80" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
<paragraph id="C5E58305264A4C83C39C0535D3935A5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
Figure 8. The Belianske Tatra Mts,
<normalizedToken id="C0C2550080EE9B3A01B208433B67182E" originalValue="Zadné">Zadne</normalizedToken>
Jatky Mt., 30.vii.2016, type locality of
<taxonomicName id="3B6AB0E0BEE38D10A940E623A830CE61" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
. Photograph Z.
<normalizedToken id="0D64370CE76567BB16F057D71E380546" originalValue="Tokár">Tokar</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="56F2B9B81D36934B728417DFFB58FB62" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
<paragraph id="A95BBF1F036BB11BACCB173993011488" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
Figure 9. The Belianske Tatra Mts,
<normalizedToken id="C04B87F6C4E7A100FF63EC98E6560DE0" originalValue="Zadné">Zadne</normalizedToken>
Jatky Mt., 30.vii.2016, adult of
<taxonomicName id="D9853D8F9047FD750098CE7B499D4C28" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
sitting on
<taxonomicName id="4381C0C31F37A7D9C6D807E98CDBB2B0" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex firma" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firma">Carex firma</taxonomicName>
. Photograph F. Kuraj.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3D8F533B263F8A9CE8FD3A33EA617330" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
<paragraph id="A30640755E7B51CEA686D4128D6D9AF0" pageId="4" pageNumber="135">
Figure 10. The Belianske Tatra Mts,
<normalizedToken id="2ED3B6F6F49BE518330C2460C69FD0C7" originalValue="Zadné">Zadne</normalizedToken>
Jatky Mt., 30.vii.2016, adult of
<taxonomicName id="61BE43EEFCD18BC9D3FF1C7422C49262" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
sitting on
<taxonomicName id="469701CAA0CF02F3B67EE9C54E519893" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dryas octopetala" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octopetala">Dryas octopetala</taxonomicName>
leaf. Photograph F. Kuraj.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BA0137F9791690AB1A4DB0F379906317" pageId="5" pageNumber="136">
<pageBreakToken id="7EA16783C9760CEE5132F78B8352E261" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
Belianske Tatra Mountains and the Red Mountains are both karst areas, built of limestone and dolomite with a dominance of subalpine or alpine grasslands with many different plants growing there, many of which are endemic, rare or endangered species. The vegetation at the type locality could belong to the
<taxonomicName id="7132C50AF10FBE64C7245E1F5A02D434" genus="Caricion" lsidName="Caricion firmae" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="firmae">Caricion firmae</taxonomicName>
Gams association, with the following higher plant species commonly present:
<taxonomicName id="999519CD6F96895735201A9E52A7ECD5" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex firma" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firma">Carex firma</taxonomicName>
Host (
<taxonomicName id="2B4D5AE4E01B25A0E3AE51D0F6A0B1C2" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="F6EE21861EFB0D31DF6C7BFE1ECAC729" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Dryas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dryas octopetala" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="octopetala">Dryas octopetala</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="71880566F5D8A4FD405214A026D5F7C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="D683FF3976808CF839B5203E2E11EDFE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Androsace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Androsace lactea" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lactea">Androsace lactea</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="D727ADC6DBF1DC1A17DF86D7CC740954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Primula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Primula auricula" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auricula">Primula auricula</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="6B9FDFF4E44A86E59E48053886B82532" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Soldanella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Soldanella carpatica" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carpatica">Soldanella carpatica</taxonomicName>
Vierh. (
<taxonomicName id="D040B7D6C32046EFDDCCBFF90ABCFEAA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="733379F528B1C312E92C7FB4F23B6949" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arenaria tenella" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenella">Arenaria tenella</taxonomicName>
Kit.,
<taxonomicName id="152EAB9B3A006F1065DF951C65104C76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus nitidus" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidus">Dianthus nitidus</taxonomicName>
Waldst. &amp; Kit.,
<taxonomicName id="C1A5C0919AD5F5AD8B34E7FB6EB19AD2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene acaulis" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acaulis">Silene acaulis</taxonomicName>
(L.) Jacq. (
<taxonomicName id="84096C55A2C1C19190F89E6FF9FE2ADD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="73AF19414C76F4858694B042F383F86A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Bartsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bartsia alpina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpina">Bartsia alpina</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="336434E44E1F0817DA067F856A576197" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Pedicularis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pedicularis oederi" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oederi">Pedicularis oederi</taxonomicName>
Vahl. ex Hornem.,
<taxonomicName id="BBAE1400549A2D6C3AF46B0344111ACD" lsidName="P. verticillata" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="verticillata">P. verticillata</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="C560EE9048FED3CBD61CFB198B304991" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orobanchaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="B436A0919E52D06B99B2BB9DACDCBA37" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bellidiastrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bellidiastrum michelii" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michelii">Bellidiastrum michelii</taxonomicName>
Cass.,
<taxonomicName id="33FD375592B9E8CD85871335A082DCF2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crepis jacquinii" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquinii">Crepis jacquinii</taxonomicName>
Tausch (
<taxonomicName id="28C120D5A1186DA52951F0364429723F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="0DF939229626A2E6954D6F8A7752CA78" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bistorta vivipara" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vivipara">Bistorta vivipara</taxonomicName>
(L.) Gray (
<taxonomicName id="C2120F18F96DD54661320B386F2BED10" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="35A5BCB3FEF91C1633F6D5E50744F1AD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Campanula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Campanula cochleariifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cochleariifolia">Campanula cochleariifolia</taxonomicName>
Lam. (
<taxonomicName id="CDAFA5E491B71DCD1B8DD4DAA4AFBEA1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="F77F331BFD121DBCBEDB95296E38FA5B" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Chamorchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chamorchis alpina" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpina">Chamorchis alpina</taxonomicName>
(L.) Rich. (
<taxonomicName id="996C9AAE3305A13F98E6EF0D485EFB3B" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="FEE2F536B1DEF4445E8AD4088706A224" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca versicolor" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="versicolor">Festuca versicolor</taxonomicName>
Tausch (
<taxonomicName id="467A55292648DCA7774E36CA6E640C23" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="9C3D1A380384A8352136B7645A853801" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Galium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Galium anisophyllon" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anisophyllon">Galium anisophyllon</taxonomicName>
Vill. (
<taxonomicName id="6FB74952CD55686C946CE17071CF15D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="E9C6BA7032D0C1ABC02AD55067CC0A9C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula alpina" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpina">Pinguicula alpina</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="698570A869B75DFDB58FF9C22D31941B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lentibulariaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="9BBDB318D0E7FB2F7D3FA9B700C4CE9B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculus alpestris" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alpestris">Ranunculus alpestris</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="A81FB7836E354FE922BFB188D289F113" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="89254062F1B688F4C55701A837F341C2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Saxifraga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saxifraga aizoides" order="Saxifragales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aizoides">Saxifraga aizoides</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="19777390F824395AA1CF3CD89F6D1C10" lsidName="S. caesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="caesia">S. caesia</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="696A038230A2F13FDB92CE594DD62B31" lsidName="S. paniculata" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="paniculata">S. paniculata</taxonomicName>
Mill. (
<taxonomicName id="C1567F32D332DA0CF35DD632C6FA7604" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Saxifragales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Saxifragaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="32A15FD013F1AAC9C57644992C708B0D" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" genus="Selaginella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Selaginella selaginoides" order="Selaginellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="selaginoides">Selaginella selaginoides</taxonomicName>
(L.) P. Beauv. ex Schrank et Mart. (
<taxonomicName id="0351A7D630E55B54BE953E7C84EBD4B1" class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Selaginellaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Selaginellales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Selaginellaceae</taxonomicName>
); the following mosses: Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) (Schimp.) (
<taxonomicName id="1369ED941FE366BB9F3701E8C4FB7569" class="Bryopsida" family="Hylocomiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Hypnales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Hylocomiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="20AFD7EB7B85DB4650F0BE1BBC23EA07" class="Bryopsida" family="Ditrichaceae" genus="Ditrichum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ditrichum flexicaule" order="Dicranales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="flexicaule">Ditrichum flexicaule</taxonomicName>
(Schwaegr.) Hampe (
<taxonomicName id="6CF2119CDAECBCDD83AC8E1F55E3EE57" class="Bryopsida" family="Ditrichaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Dicranales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Ditrichaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="FCC7133960D39DE2BEE148FB4BBC4D6A" class="Bryopsida" family="Pottiaceae" genus="Tortella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tortella tortuosa" order="Pottiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="tortuosa">Tortella tortuosa</taxonomicName>
(Hedw.) Limpr. (
<taxonomicName id="D46063A0E0B1D75F65F3626939EBF73D" class="Bryopsida" family="Pottiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pottiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Pottiaceae</taxonomicName>
); and the following lichen:
<taxonomicName id="184925159864F9CB361901D9473788FF" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Cetraria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Cetraria islandica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="islandica">Cetraria islandica</taxonomicName>
(L.) Ach. (
<taxonomicName id="26542DEE000ECE894C3DC3B1270FE7E9" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="" order="Lecanorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Parmeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="C565E9502B77D6A1AEF859492E267BE5" author="Sibik, J" journalOrPublisher="Polish Botanical Journal" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" pagination="181 - 202" title="Syntaxonomical revision of plant communities with Carexfirma and Dryasoctopetala (alliance Caricionfirmae) in the Western Carpathians." url="http://bomax.botany.pl/pubs/data/article_pdf?id=823" volume="49" year="2004">
<normalizedToken id="17157709853918160642D0D8214D76F7" originalValue="Šibík">Sibik</normalizedToken>
et al. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6274A9CBE4A8CD0EE8CD7D21B0A8388E" author="Kliment, J" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" pagination="965 - 989" title="High-altitude vegetation of the Western Carpathians - a syntaxonomical review." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-010-0109-4" volume="65" year="2010">Kliment et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="47905D1D81307DCDB034813B3FDCCDC0" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9706A73919D7BCC51394F7C5029DA889" pageId="5" pageNumber="136">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86B6B549CCC8FD1C249A7EF0BB615470" pageId="5" pageNumber="136">
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="AB7746687C84C3E041BAB3091451CB99" lsidName="tatrica" pageId="5" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="tatrica">tatrica</taxonomicName>
, an adjective, is derived from the Tatra Mts, where the new species was discovered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DEA5504842EDFBE865FF71F82987E782" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" type="molecular data">
<paragraph id="0BCF7B91DD667010A9AA0A11079D5189" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
<pageBreakToken id="E2147C825992578860AA116CB4B09305" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" start="start">Molecular</pageBreakToken>
data
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9103E12C12ADD78075A9026CCC022DFD" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
(Fig. 11). We obtained COI barcodes from legs of four specimens, two of which were partial barcodes. The Barcode Index Number is BOLD:ACU7181. The maximum K2P intraspecific distance for a full barcode is 1.5%. The nearest neighbour is
<taxonomicName id="52CFDA2C4837A460F2A894FF1A265FF7" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tormentillella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tormentillella">Stigmella tormentillella</taxonomicName>
at a distance between 6.2 and 7.1%. Both in Neighbour-Joining and Maximum Likelihood analyses
<taxonomicName id="1DD39A5C2122F619D76478EDC3E49185" lsidName="S. tatrica" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="tatrica">S. tatrica</taxonomicName>
groups consistently with
<taxonomicName id="CA8D84A1CFFF1109155F8DB481394730" lsidName="S. dryadella" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="dryadella">S. dryadella</taxonomicName>
, but bootstrap support is lacking.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F4F710103D36E56504F60B2E354C8F9B" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
<paragraph id="CE24656DF6FA9A11E5218CE5BBCB53D4" pageId="6" pageNumber="137">
Figure 11. Maximum likelihood tree of European species of the
<taxonomicName id="6386199D16D349578A1DB53A8CB104C1" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella aurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurella">Stigmella aurella</taxonomicName>
group, showing the position of
<taxonomicName id="7B4F09C69EE1DACE976293A800623922" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tatrica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatrica">Stigmella tatrica</taxonomicName>
in red. Small figures represent bootstrap values, after 100 replicates. Bootstrap values below 50 are not given. A specimen of
<taxonomicName id="3AC5DD9B56CDA2DCA5032E044AC588C1" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella tityrella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tityrella">Stigmella tityrella</taxonomicName>
is used as outgroup. Nomenclature follows van
<bibRefCitation id="95D952A4D61010C6AB1B3C251602DA1F" author="Nieukerken, EJ van" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="138" pagination="65 - 246" title="Revised classification and catalogue of global Nepticulidae and Opostegidae (Lepidoptera, Nepticuloidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.628.9799" volume="628" year="2016">Nieukerken et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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