275 lines
32 KiB
XML
275 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="C3E26B49412A7F50F3B3CC4CF5A6351F" ID-CLB-Dataset="53758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5303.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55cb0aa4-25b5-43fc-b545-54697a22b641" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8043342" ID-ZooBank="DE9C1F18-5CEE-4968-9991-075B977966FE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1686836004935" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harbach, Ralph E. & Wilkerson, Richard C." docDate="2023" docId="161B87CDBAB00AD3FF54FA08FCD658F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5303.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5303 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) novobscura Barraud" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="EA22FFB5BA330A57FFC3FFAFFF915A05" masterDocTitle="The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="132" updateTime="1699524690436" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0F918B3DBB83FB2FD52F45090E6637BD">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8D385A875B4C300181EAFEC9232EE4FE">Harbach, Ralph E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="97AF6CC2E60742BA9EE561C7C6E484C2" type="email">r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="2716FD0D713A2F5EF12882FDAB9CD8DB">Wilkerson, Richard C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E9DE919D52B6E187B72DD91C84D4B23" type="email">wilkersonr@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B1D62C43AEDD90B946DEE75108A90DCA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AF4DC748623D229A7598E32F2D8B8E1F">
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<mods:date id="2E6E36C20E030719A12DF15545F5E44C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AC936E0A304D7FBF7A82A79FD7068E78">2023-06-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="076378FDBC307F392EFDCDDE51BA0238">5303</mods:number>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBAB00AD3FF54FA08FCD658F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064307" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064307" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBAB00AD3FF54FA08FCD658F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBAB00AD3FF54FA08FCD658F4" lastPageId="132" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BAB00AD4FF54FA08FC945FC4" box="[151,773,1446,1473]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB00AD4FF54FA08FC945FC4" blockId="131.[151,773,1446,1473]" box="[151,773,1446,1473]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<heading id="C54581B7BAB00AD4FF54FA08FC945FC4" bold="true" box="[151,773,1446,1473]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FF54FA08FC945FC4" ID-CoL="8FKGP" ID-ENA="1245379" authority="Barraud" authorityName="Barraud" box="[151,773,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novobscura" subGenus="Pseudoficalbia">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FF54FA08FC945FC4" bold="true" box="[151,773,1446,1473]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FF54FA08FEA15FC4" bold="true" box="[151,304,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Uranotaenia</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FE82FA09FE655FC4" bold="true" box="[321,500,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Pseudoficalbia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FDC5FA09FD035FC4" bold="true" box="[518,658,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">novobscura</emphasis>
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Barraud
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D6A86550BAB00AD4FF54FA44FB755C5A" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB00AD4FF54FA44FAD65C27" blockId="131.[151,1437,1515,1631]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FEC9FA44FD8B5C06" ID-CoL="8FKGP" authority="Barraud, 1934" authorityName="Barraud" authorityYear="1934" box="[266,538,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novobscura">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FEC9FA44FE125C06" bold="true" box="[266,387,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">novobscura</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB00AD4FE49FA44FD8B5C06" author="Barraud, P. J." box="[394,538,1515,1539]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" refId="ref144365" refString="Barraud, P. J. (1934) The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Diptera. Vol. V. Family Culicidae. Tribes Megarhinini and Culicini. Taylor and Francis, London, xxviii + 463 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="1934">Barraud, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FCD4FA43FB845C06" ID-CoL="8FKGP" authorityName="Barraud" authorityYear="1934" box="[791,1045,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novobscura">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FCD4FA43FB845C06" box="[791,1045,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Uranotaenia novobscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FB69FA44FAB25C06" box="[1194,1315,1515,1539]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FAEDFA44FA085C06" box="[1326,1433,1515,1539]" name="Cambodia" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FF04F9A5FF6F5C27" box="[199,254,1546,1570]" name="India" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">India</collectingCountry>
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, [Palaearctic]
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FE4DF9A5FE5B5C24" box="[398,458,1546,1569]" name="Japan" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FE16F9A5FD985C24" box="[469,521,1546,1569]" name="Laos" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Laos</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FDD0F9A5FDE35C27" box="[531,626,1546,1570]" name="Malaysia" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FDBFF9A5FC055C27" box="[636,916,1546,1570]" name="China" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FC5DF9A5FC7A5C27" box="[926,1003,1546,1570]" name="Taiwan" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FC36F9A5FBDE5C27" box="[1013,1103,1546,1570]" name="Thailand" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB00AD4FB9FF9A5FAAD5C27" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D." box="[1116,1340,1546,1570]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. & Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 & 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
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Wilkerson
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FB0FF9A4FB685C27" box="[1228,1273,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">et al</emphasis>
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. 2021
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB00AD4FF54F987FB755C5A" blockId="131.[151,1437,1515,1631]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
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subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FECAF987FD645C45" authority="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad, 1979" authorityName="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad" authorityYear="1979" box="[265,757,1576,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuana">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FECAF987FEEB5C45" bold="true" box="[265,378,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">ryukyuana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB00AD4FEBCF987FD645C45" author="Tanaka, K. & Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S." box="[383,757,1576,1601]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 987" refId="ref180905" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article" year="1979">Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—original combination:
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FC33F986FEA35C5A" authorityName="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="novobscura" subGenus="Pseudoficalbia" subSpecies="ryukyuana">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FC33F986FBE05C45" box="[1008,1137,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Uranotaenia</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FB43F987FA895C45" box="[1152,1304,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Pseudoficalbia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FAE5F987FEA35C5A" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">novobscura ryukyuana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Distribution:
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FE04F9E7FD925C5A" box="[455,515,1608,1631]" name="Japan" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Japan</collectingCountry>
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, Ryukyu Archipelago (Amani,
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB00AD4FCFCF9E8FC0C5C5A" box="[831,925,1607,1631]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
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, Yaeyama) (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB00AD4FBDBF9E8FB485C5A" author="Tanaka, K. & Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S." box="[1048,1241,1607,1631]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 987" refId="ref180905" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article" year="1979">
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Tanaka
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FBAAF9E7FB075C5A" box="[1129,1174,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1979
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BAB00AD3FF54F921FCD658F4" lastPageId="132" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB00AD4FF54F921FABD5D7A" blockId="131.[151,1437,1677,2028]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FF54F921FDBA5CA2" authorityName="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,555,1677,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="novobscura" subSpecies="ryukyuana">
|
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FF54F921FDBA5CA2" box="[151,555,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Uranotaenia novobscura ryukyuana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago of
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<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB00AD4FC38F921FBAF5CAD" box="[1019,1086,1678,1704]" name="Japan" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Japan</collectingCountry>
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. It has an interesting taxonomic history.
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB00AD4FF31F91EFEEB5CCE" author="Roth, L." box="[242,378,1713,1739]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="67 - 75" refId="ref176720" refString="Roth, L. (1946) The larva and pupa of Uranotaenia bimaculata Leicester on Okinawa Shima, Ryukyu Retto (Diptera: Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 48 (4), 67 - 75." type="journal article" year="1946">Roth (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized two larval forms of this taxon on
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<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB00AD4FCBEF91EFC735CCE" box="[893,994,1713,1739]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
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Island, which he identified as Forms A and B of
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FEC1F979FDF45CEA" authority="Leicester, 1908" authorityName="Leicester" authorityYear="1908" box="[258,613,1749,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FEC1F979FEB05CEA" box="[258,289,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Ur</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FEF3F97AFE3F5CEA" box="[304,430,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">bimaculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB00AD4FE75F97AFDF45CEA" author="Leicester, G. F." box="[438,613,1749,1775]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="18 - 261" refId="ref165205" refString="Leicester, G. F. (1908) The Culicidae of Malaya. Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Federated Malay States, 3 (3), 18 - 261." type="journal article" year="1908">Leicester, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Since its original description,
|
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FC06F979FBE25CEA" box="[965,1139,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novobscura">
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<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FC06F979FBE25CEA" box="[965,1139,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Ur. novobscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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was mistakenly identified as
|
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<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FF75F955FECF5D16" box="[182,350,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FF75F955FECF5D16" box="[182,350,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Ur. bimaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
until its identity was resolved by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB00AD4FD19F955FCED5D16" author="Peyton, E. L." box="[730,892,1785,1812]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 273" refId="ref173222" refString="Peyton, E. L. (1977) Medical entomology studies - X. A revision of the subgenus Pseudoficalbia of the genus Uranotaenia in Southeast Asia (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 14 (3), iv + 1 - 273." type="journal article" year="1977">Peyton (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although not explicitly stated, it is obvious that Roth considered the two larval forms to belong to a single variable species. Peyton, in his revision of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FF54F8EEFEAE5D5E" box="[151,319,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudoficalbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FF54F8EEFEAE5D5E" box="[151,319,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Pseudoficalbia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Southeast Asia, likewise concluded that the various populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FB8BF8EDFB645D5E" box="[1096,1269,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novobscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FB8BF8EDFB645D5E" box="[1096,1269,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Ur. novobscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that he studied “represent a single plastic species and that the adult population from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB00AD4FC58F8CAFB915D7A" box="[923,1024,1893,1919]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
is a recognizable variant.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB00AD3FF04F826FAAB5BA8" blockId="131.[151,1437,1677,2028]" lastBlockId="132.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="132" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB00AD4FF04F826FE375DA6" author="Tanaka, K. & Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S." box="[199,422,1929,1956]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 987" refId="ref180905" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Tanaka
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FEDDF825FEDE5DA6" box="[286,335,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1979)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
disagreed that specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB00AD4FCC5F826FCFA5DA6" box="[774,875,1929,1955]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
were merely a variant of
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FB44F826FA0C5DA6" box="[1159,1437,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FB44F826FA9B5DA6" box="[1159,1290,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="novobscura">novobscura</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BAB00AD4FAD3F825FA0C5DA6" box="[1296,1437,1930,1955]" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and distinguished and described the form as a distinct subspecies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB00AD4FC4DF802FB955DC2" authorityName="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad" authorityYear="1979" box="[910,1028,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB00AD4FC4DF802FB955DC2" box="[910,1028,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="132">ryukyuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as follows: “The population of the Ryukyu Archipelago is characterized by the entirely pale pleura; the scutum is also rather paler, and the supraalar dark patches are smaller than in the populations of Palaearctic
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB70AD3FCA6FF38FC395AB4" box="[869,936,151,177]" name="Japan" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The latter is identical with specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB70AD3FF54FF14FF785AD0" box="[151,233,187,213]" name="Taiwan" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB70AD3FEE0FF14FEEC5AD0" box="[291,381,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Malaya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Malaya</taxonomicName>
|
||
*. [The asterisk refers to specimens from the two countries that were examined.] The female antenna appears slightly shorter, 1.30–1.40 (8) length of proboscis and male antennal flagellomere 12 is shorter relative to Flm 13,
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FEB6FEACFE055B19" box="[373,404,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">viz</emphasis>
|
||
., Flm 12 1.11–1.25 (7) length of Flm 13. Remigium scales are all dark in the Amami and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB70AD3FF54FE88FF6D5B44" box="[151,252,295,321]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
populations, but pale ochreous in the basal half in the Yaeyama population. Bristles [setae] on each side of tergum IX of the male genitalia are fewer, 1–4 (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FD11FEE4FD4F5B61" box="[722,734,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 2.7, mode = 2) in Amami and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB70AD3FB90FEE4FB2A5B60" box="[1107,1211,331,357]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 1–3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FAC2FEE4FA9C5B61" box="[1281,1293,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.6, mode = 1) in Yaeyama, while they are 2–6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FD85FEC0FDC35B8D" box="[582,594,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 3.4, mode = 3) in Palaearctic
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBAB70AD3FC00FEC0FB975B8C" box="[963,1030,367,393]" name="Japan" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Differences in the larvae are rather obscure…. Six larvae from Yaeyama do not appear distinctly different from specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BAB70AD3FB65FE3CFA9A5BA8" box="[1190,1291,403,429]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
Is.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBAB70AD3FF04FE18FCD658F4" blockId="132.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Despite the morphological similarity of other subgeneric forms described from the Ryukyu Archipelago, molecular studies have revealed that these forms are genetically distinct, reproductively isolated allopatric populations which required recognition as independent species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB70AD3FC9DFE50FB8F581C" author="Toma, T. & Taira, K. & Oosiro, A. & Azama, Y. & Fukuchi, Y. & Miyagi, I." box="[862,1054,511,537]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="15 - 23" refId="ref182672" refString="Toma, T., Taira, K., Oosiro, A., Azama, Y., Fukuchi, Y. & Miyagi, I. (2019) New taxonomic status of Tripteroides bambusa (Yamada), 1917 [sic] from Japan, based on experimental crossing and COI sequence divergence. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 70 (1), 15 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 70.15" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Toma
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FC66FE50FC47581C" box="[933,982,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB70AD3FBEBFE50FA8F581C" author="Somboon, P. & Phanitchakun, T. & Namgay, R. & Harbach, R. E." box="[1064,1310,511,537]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="105280" refId="ref179038" refString="Somboon, P., Phanitchakun, T., Namgay, R. & Harbach, R. E. (2020 a) Description of Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) bhutanensis n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Bhutan. Acta Tropica, 203, 105280. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actatropica. 2019.105280" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Somboon
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FB59FE50FB5B581C" box="[1178,1226,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB70AD3FAEAFE50FE805838" author="Wilkerson, R. C. & Somboon, P. & Harbach, R. E." pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="198 - 200" refId="ref184986" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Somboon, P. & Harbach, R. E. (2022) Reconsideration of the status of subspecies in the Japonicus Group of the subgenus Hulecoeteomyia Theobald of Aedes Meigen (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 5162 (2), 198 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5162.2.8" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Wilkerson
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FF54FD8CFF565838" box="[151,199,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In view of those studies, and in accordance with the above treatments of the former subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB70AD3FA98FD8CFE0C5864" authority="Yamada, 1917" authorityName="Yamada" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hayashii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FA98FD8CFF675864" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Culex hayashii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB70AD3FF3FFDE8FE0C5864" author="Yamada, S." box="[252,413,583,609]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 72" refId="ref185379" refString="Yamada, S. (1917) On two new species of mosquitoes from Japan. Dobutsugaku zasshi [Zoological Magazine], 29 (341), 61 - 72. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1917">Yamada, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB70AD3FE17FDE8FC595864" authority="(Edwards, 1921a)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[468,968,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Toxorhynchites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FE17FDE8FD665865" box="[468,759,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Toxorhynchites manicatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB70AD3FCC5FDE8FC515864" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[774,960,583,609]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="629 - 632" refId="ref153513" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1921 a) H. Sauter's Formosan collections: Culicidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 8 (48), 629 - 632. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632632" type="journal article" year="1921">Edwards, 1921a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we believe it is likely that molecular and genetic studies will show that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB70AD3FE24FDC4FDCC5880" authorityName="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad" authorityYear="1979" box="[487,605,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FE24FDC4FDCC5880" box="[487,605,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">ryukyuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a separate species. Accordingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB70AD3FC24FDC4FBCC5880" authorityName="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad" authorityYear="1979" box="[999,1117,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FC24FDC4FBCC5880" box="[999,1117,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">ryukyuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hereby formally accorded species status:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB70AD3FE85FD20FB6A58AD" authority="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad, 1979" authorityName="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad" authorityYear="1979" box="[326,1275,654,681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuana" subGenus="Pseudoficalbia">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FE85FD20FB6A58AD" bold="true" box="[326,1275,654,681]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FE85FD20FE4958AC" bold="true" box="[326,472,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Uranotaenia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FE2FFD21FD0658AC" bold="true" box="[492,663,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Pseudoficalbia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FD68FD21FCB658AC" bold="true" box="[683,807,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">ryukyuana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABAB70AD3FCF1FD20FB6A58AD" author="Tanaka, K. & Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S." box="[818,1275,654,681]" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 987" refId="ref180905" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. & Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article" year="1979">Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BAB70AD3FACEFD20FE9C58C8" authorityName="Tanaka, Mizusawa & Saugstad" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Uranotaenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BAB70AD3FACEFD20FE9C58C8" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="133">Uranotaenia ryukyuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life; however, the date of authorship of the species is incorrectly listed as 1975, and should be corrected to 1979.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |