treatments-xml/data/16/1B/87/161B87CDBA5A0A3CFF54F970FAA55C0C.xml

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<mods:title id="19EDCC3334F63D9C7973B5AD6997349C">The insupportable validity of mosquito subspecies (Diptera: Culicidae) and their exclusion from culicid classification</mods:title>
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<treatment id="161B87CDBA5A0A3CFF54F970FAA55C0C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064275" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209700365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:161B87CDBA5A0A3CFF54F970FAA55C0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/161B87CDBA5A0A3CFF54F970FAA55C0C" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA5A0A3EFF54F970FDF25CFC" box="[151,611,1759,1786]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54F970FDF25CFC" blockId="105.[151,611,1759,1786]" box="[151,611,1759,1786]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<heading id="C54581B7BA5A0A3EFF54F970FDF25CFC" bold="true" box="[151,611,1759,1786]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFF54F970FDF25CFC" ID-CoL="8BPPY" ID-ENA="866105" authority="(Peus)" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[151,611,1759,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF54F970FDF25CFC" bold="true" box="[151,611,1759,1786]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF54F970FF6B5CFF" bold="true" box="[151,250,1759,1786]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culiseta</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFECFF970FEE85CFF" bold="true" box="[268,377,1759,1786]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culicella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFE49F970FD9F5CFF" bold="true" box="[394,526,1759,1786]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ochroptera</emphasis>
(Peus)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54F88BFBCC5D7C" blockId="105.[151,1437,1827,2036]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFEC8F88CFD985D3E" ID-CoL="8BPPN" authority="Maslov, 1964" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[267,521,1827,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFEC8F88CFEE65D3E" bold="true" box="[267,375,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">amurensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFEBCF88BFD985D3E" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[383,521,1827,1852]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—original combination: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFCCBF88BFBBC5D3E" ID-CoL="8BPPN" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[776,1069,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFCCBF88BFBBC5D3E" box="[776,1069,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culiseta silvestris amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(status as subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFAEEF88BFA0C5D39" ID-CoL="8BPPY" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1325,1437,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFAEEF88BFA0C5D39" box="[1325,1437,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFF24F8EDFD955D5F" author="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V." box="[231,516,1858,1882]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="110 - 118" refId="ref145319" refString="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V. (2023) Additions and corrections to the Catalog of blood-sucking mosquitoes of the world (Insecta: Diptera, Culicidae) by Wilkerson et al. (2021). Amurian Zoological Journal, 15 (1), 110 - 118. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 2686 - 9519 - 2023 - 15 - 1 - 110 - 118" type="journal article" year="2023">Berlov &amp; Kuberskaya 2023</bibRefCitation>
). Distribution: Central Amur region, Ussuri Basin, Southern Maritime Province, Northeast 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFF04F8CEFE955D7C" box="[199,260,1889,1913]" name="China" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFED2F8CEFE0D5D7C" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[273,412,1889,1913]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov 1964</bibRefCitation>
); Primorye (
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5A0A3EFDDAF8CEFD2B5D7C" box="[537,698,1889,1913]" country="Russia" name="Primorskiy" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Primorsky Krai</collectingRegion>
, far East Region), 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFCB4F8CEFC2A5D7C" box="[887,955,1889,1913]" name="Russia" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFC04F8CEFBC35D7C" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[967,1106,1889,1913]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov 1964</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54F82FFB5B5DB3" blockId="105.[151,1437,1827,2036]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFECAF8D0FE7E5D92" ID-CoL="8BPPV" authority="Barr, 1957" authorityName="Barr" authorityYear="1957" box="[265,495,1919,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFECAF8D0FE105D92" bold="true" box="[265,385,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">minnesotae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFE45F82FFE7E5D92" author="Barr, A. R." box="[390,495,1919,1943]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="163 - 167" refId="ref144041" refString="Barr, A. R. (1957) A new species of Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) from North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 59 (4), 163 - 167." type="journal article" year="1957">Barr, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—original combination: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFD2AF82FFC275D92" ID-CoL="8BPPV" authorityName="Barr" authorityYear="1957" box="[745,950,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFD2AF82FFC275D92" box="[745,950,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culiseta minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(status as subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFB69F82FFA8B5D9D" ID-CoL="8BPPY" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1194,1306,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFB69F82FFA8B5D9D" box="[1194,1306,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFAFDF82FFEEF5DB3" author="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V." pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="110 - 118" refId="ref145319" refString="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V. (2023) Additions and corrections to the Catalog of blood-sucking mosquitoes of the world (Insecta: Diptera, Culicidae) by Wilkerson et al. (2021). Amurian Zoological Journal, 15 (1), 110 - 118. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 2686 - 9519 - 2023 - 15 - 1 - 110 - 118" type="journal article" year="2023">Berlov &amp; Kuberskaya 2023</bibRefCitation>
). Distribution: 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFDD5F831FDF45DB3" box="[534,613,1950,1974]" name="Canada" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFDACF831FD665DB3" box="[623,759,1950,1974]" name="United States of America" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA5A0A3EFCC7F831FCDF5DB3" box="[772,846,1950,1974]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Alaska</collectingRegion>
, continental) (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFC1DF831FB2E5DB3" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[990,1215,1950,1974]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFB8CF830FBED5DB3" box="[1103,1148,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA5A0A3EFF54F812FB7A5DF1" blockId="105.[151,1437,1827,2036]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFEC9F812FD055DD0" ID-CoL="8BPPX" authority="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti, 1950" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[266,660,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFEC9F812FEE35DD0" bold="true" box="[266,370,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">nipponica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFEBAF812FD055DD0" author="La Casse, W. J. &amp; Yamaguti, S." box="[377,660,1981,2005]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="213" refId="ref163448" refString="La Casse, W. J. &amp; Yamaguti, S. (1950) Mosquito fauna of Japan and Korea. Office of the Surgeon, Hq. 8 th Army APO 343, Kyoto, Honshu, viii + 268 + 7 (Appendix I) + 213 (Appendix II) pp." type="journal article" year="1950">La Casse &amp; Yamaguti, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—original combination: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFC52F812FB545DD0" ID-CoL="8BPPX" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[913,1221,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFC52F812FC745DD0" box="[913,997,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culiseta</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFC37F812FBC05DD0" box="[1012,1105,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Culicella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFBA3F811FB545DD0" box="[1120,1221,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(status as subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA5A0A3EFF20F873FEC25DF1" ID-CoL="8BPPY" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[227,339,2012,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFF20F873FEC25DF1" box="[227,339,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFEBBF873FD055DF1" author="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V." box="[376,660,2012,2036]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="110 - 118" refId="ref145319" refString="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V. (2023) Additions and corrections to the Catalog of blood-sucking mosquitoes of the world (Insecta: Diptera, Culicidae) by Wilkerson et al. (2021). Amurian Zoological Journal, 15 (1), 110 - 118. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 2686 - 9519 - 2023 - 15 - 1 - 110 - 118" type="journal article" year="2023">Berlov &amp; Kuberskaya 2023</bibRefCitation>
). Distribution: 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFCEEF873FCF85DF6" box="[813,873,2012,2035]" name="Japan" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA5A0A3EFCB0F873FC635DF6" box="[883,1010,2012,2036]" name="South Korea" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA5A0A3EFC3CF873FB715DF1" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[1023,1248,2012,2036]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA5A0A3EFBB3F873FB0D5DF1" box="[1136,1180,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA590A3DFF54FF38FC1D5AE9" blockId="106.[151,1436,150,236]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFECAFF39FE6D5AAB" ID-CoL="8BPPY" authority="(Peus, 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[265,508,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFECAFF39FEEA5AAB" bold="true" box="[265,379,150,174]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">ochroptera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFE44FF38FE645AAB" author="Peus, F." box="[391,501,150,175]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="113 - 121" refId="ref173136" refString="Peus, F. (1935) Theobaldia (Subg. Culicella) ochroptera sp. n., eine bisher unbekannte Stechm ¸ cke. Markische Tierwelt: Zeitschrift f ¸ r die faunistische Erforschung der Kurmark, 1, 113 - 121." type="journal article" year="1935">Peus, 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—original combination: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFD3BFF38FBC25AAA" ID-CoL="8FF3J" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[760,1107,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFD3BFF38FCFA5AAA" box="[760,875,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Theobaldia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFCBAFF38FC475AAA" box="[889,982,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Culicella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFC20FF38FBC25AAA" box="[995,1107,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Distribution: 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFB25FF38FAA75AAA" box="[1254,1334,151,175]" name="Belarus" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Belarus</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFAFCFF38FA085AAA" box="[1343,1433,151,175]" name="Belgium" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Belgium</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFF04FF1AFEE15AC8" box="[199,368,181,205]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFE43FF1AFE5E5AC8" box="[384,463,181,205]" name="Estonia" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Estonia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFE1DFF1AFDBF5AC8" box="[478,558,181,205]" name="Finland" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Finland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFDFDFF1AFD0C5AC8" box="[574,669,181,205]" name="Germany" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFD6EFF19FC965ACB" box="[685,775,182,206]" name="Hungary" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Hungary</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFCD5FF1AFCEB5AC8" box="[790,890,181,205]" name="Lithuania" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFC49FF1AFB965AC8" box="[906,1031,181,205]" name="Netherlands" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFBD5FF1AFAD15AC8" box="[1046,1344,181,205]" name="China" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">People’s Republic of China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFA8CFF1AFA095AC8" box="[1359,1432,181,205]" name="Poland" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Poland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFF04FF7BFEB45AE9" box="[199,293,212,236]" name="Romania" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Romania</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFEECFF7BFEE45AE9" box="[303,373,212,236]" name="Russia" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Russia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFE43FF7BFE4A5AE9" box="[384,475,212,236]" name="Slovakia" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFE26FF7BFDA95AE9" box="[485,568,212,236]" name="Sweden" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFD81FF7BFD055AE9" box="[578,660,212,236]" name="Ukraine" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFD63FF7BFC105AE9" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[672,897,212,236]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFCD2FF7AFCAF5AE9" box="[785,830,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6A86550BA590A3CFF54FEB5FAA55C0C" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA590A3DFF54FEB5FAA45899" blockId="106.[151,1437,282,669]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
Soon after submission of this monograph for review, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFD1AFEB5FB885B31" author="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V." box="[729,1049,282,308]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="110 - 118" refId="ref145319" refString="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V. (2023) Additions and corrections to the Catalog of blood-sucking mosquitoes of the world (Insecta: Diptera, Culicidae) by Wilkerson et al. (2021). Amurian Zoological Journal, 15 (1), 110 - 118. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 2686 - 9519 - 2023 - 15 - 1 - 110 - 118" type="journal article" year="2023">Berlov &amp; Kuberskaya (2023)</bibRefCitation>
published a paper titled “Additions and corrections to the catalog of blood-sucking mosquitoes of the world (
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFC09FE91FB8E5B5D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[970,1055,318,344]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Insecta</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFBEAFE91FB115B5D" box="[1065,1152,318,344]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFB48FE91FB695B5D" box="[1163,1272,318,344]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Culicidae</taxonomicName>
) by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFAEAFE91FEB25B79" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFF54FECCFF415B79" box="[151,208,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
” [verbatim translation from the Russian]. The authors inferred that 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFBDDFECDFA095B79" authority="Maslov, 1964" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[1054,1432,354,380]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFBDDFECDFB645B79" box="[1054,1269,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Culiseta amurensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFB3EFECDFA095B79" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1277,1432,354,380]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFF54FE28FE435BA4" authority="Barr, 1957" authorityName="Barr" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,466,390,417]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFF54FE28FF245BA4" box="[151,181,391,417]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Cs</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFF0BFE28FED95BA5" box="[200,328,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">minnesotae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFE90FE28FE435BA4" author="Barr, A. R." box="[339,466,390,417]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="163 - 167" refId="ref144041" refString="Barr, A. R. (1957) A new species of Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) from North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 59 (4), 163 - 167." type="journal article" year="1957">Barr, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFE22FE28FC415BA4" authority="LaCasse &amp; Yamaguti, 1950" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[481,976,390,417]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFE22FE28FE6E5BA4" box="[481,511,391,417]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Cs</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFDD1FE28FD135BA5" box="[530,642,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">nipponica</emphasis>
LaCasse &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFCDAFE29FC415BA4" author="Yamaguti, S. &amp; LaCasse, W. J." box="[793,976,390,417]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="ref185556" refString="Yamaguti, S. &amp; LaCasse, W. J. (1950) Mosquito fauna of Guam. Office of the Surgeon, Headquarters, 8 th Army, APO 343. United States. 207 th Malaria Survey Detachment. Office of the Surgeon, Washington, D. C., 101 pp." type="book" year="1950">Yamaguti, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFBD3FE28FACB5BA4" authority="(Peus, 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1040,1370,390,417]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFBD3FE28FBBF5BA4" box="[1040,1070,391,417]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Cs</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFB83FE29FB2A5BA5" box="[1088,1211,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">ochroptera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFB0CFE29FAC35BA4" author="Peus, F." box="[1231,1362,390,417]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="113 - 121" refId="ref173136" refString="Peus, F. (1935) Theobaldia (Subg. Culicella) ochroptera sp. n., eine bisher unbekannte Stechm ¸ cke. Markische Tierwelt: Zeitschrift f ¸ r die faunistische Erforschung der Kurmark, 1, 113 - 121." type="journal article" year="1935">Peus, 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
were incorrectly listed in the catalog as valid species. They pointed out that 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFC61FE05FBD15BC1" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[930,1088,426,452]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov (1964</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFB89FE05FB145BC1" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1098,1157,426,452]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFB4CFE05FB595BC1" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1167,1224,426,452]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
) classified them as subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFEF7FE60FD125BED" authority="Shingarev, 1928" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[308,643,462,489]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFEF7FE60FE555BED" box="[308,452,462,489]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Cs. silvestris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFE08FE61FD125BED" author="Shingarev, N. L." box="[459,643,462,488]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref178340" refString="Shingarev, N. L. (1928) Notes on Culicidae. III. Russkii Zhurnal Tropicheskoi Meditsiny [Russian Journal of Tropical Medicine], 1, 47 - 53. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1928">Shingarev, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, because 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFCA1FE60FC605BED" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[866,1009,462,489]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFCA1FE60FC605BED" box="[866,1009,462,489]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Cs. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been treated as a doubtful species since 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFF1AFE5DFE5D5809" author="Dahl, C. &amp; White, G. B." box="[217,460,498,524]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="390 - 395" refId="ref150001" refString="Dahl, C. &amp; White, G. B. (1978) Culicidae. In: Illies, J. (Ed.), Limnofauna Europaea. Gustav Fischer Verlag, New York, Stuttgart, pp. 390 - 395." type="book chapter" year="1978">Dahl &amp; White (1978)</bibRefCitation>
listed it, without explanation, as a 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFC99FE5CFB905809" box="[858,1025,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">nomen dubium</emphasis>
in a footnote to a table of European mosquito species, Berlov &amp; Kuberskaya proposed that 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFCC2FDB8FCE25835" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[769,883,535,560]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFCC2FDB8FCE25835" box="[769,883,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFC42FDB8FB905835" box="[897,1025,535,560]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFC42FDB8FB905835" box="[897,1025,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFBF4FDB8FB365835" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[1079,1191,535,560]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFBF4FDB8FB365835" box="[1079,1191,535,560]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be recognized as subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFE95FD95FE405851" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[342,465,570,596]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFE95FD95FE405851" box="[342,465,570,596]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the oldest of the four nominal taxa. To gain a better understanding of this taxonomic conundrum, we examined 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFE02FDF1FDEB587D" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[449,634,606,632]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov’s (1964)</bibRefCitation>
treatment of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFCD1FDF0FC33587D" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[786,930,606,633]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFCD1FDF0FC33587D" box="[786,930,606,633]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Cs. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The reasoning behind his recognition of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFABBFDF0FF6A5899" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFABBFDF0FF6A5899" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Cs. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its purported subspecies is revealed in the following passages (translated from the Russian).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA590A3DFF04FD63FD735E6A" blockId="106.[199,1384,716,1136]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
… 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFF22FD63FE2358E1" authority="Sching." authorityName="Sching." box="[225,434,716,740]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFF22FD63FECA58E1" box="[225,347,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris</emphasis>
Sching.
</taxonomicName>
‒ was described very unsuccessfully, too fragmentary and general, so much so that it was difficult to extract anything significant from the description (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFC82FD5FFC7F590D" author="Shingarev, N. L." box="[833,1006,752,776]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref178340" refString="Shingarev, N. L. (1928) Notes on Culicidae. III. Russkii Zhurnal Tropicheskoi Meditsiny [Russian Journal of Tropical Medicine], 1, 47 - 53. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1928">Shingarev, 1928</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA590A3DFBC2FD5FFBB65902" box="[1025,1063,752,775]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Not</collectingRegion>
surprisingly, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFB75FD5FFAA0590D" author="Peus, F." box="[1206,1329,752,776]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="113 - 121" refId="ref173136" refString="Peus, F. (1935) Theobaldia (Subg. Culicella) ochroptera sp. n., eine bisher unbekannte Stechm ¸ cke. Markische Tierwelt: Zeitschrift f ¸ r die faunistische Erforschung der Kurmark, 1, 113 - 121." type="journal article" year="1935">Peus (1935)</bibRefCitation>
later described the same species under the name 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFD4BFCBBFCFA592E" authority="Peus. It" authorityName="Peus. It" box="[648,875,788,812]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFD4BFCBBFC865929" box="[648,791,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. ochroptera</emphasis>
Peus. It
</taxonomicName>
is under this name that he [Peus] now appears in the literature. Unfortunately, the 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA590A3DFDDFFC97FDE45955" box="[540,629,824,848]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA590A3DFD68FC97FD6C5955" box="[683,765,824,848]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFCE0FC97FC0C5955" box="[803,925,824,848]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFCE0FC97FC0C5955" box="[803,925,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have not been preserved, but in the year of description (1928) N. I. Shingarev [the author of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFD05FCF3FCB15971" box="[710,800,860,884]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFD05FCF3FCB15971" box="[710,800,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] gave me 
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA590A3DFC53FCF3FC615971" box="[912,1008,860,884]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA590A3DFC3FFCF3FBE15971" box="[1020,1136,860,884]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
, and them as 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA590A3DFAC3FCF3FAF55971" box="[1280,1380,860,884]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. Later from the 
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA590A3DFEA3FC2FFD90599D" box="[352,513,896,920]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Moscow region</collectingRegion>
, in the area where 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFD03FC2FFCA6599D" box="[704,823,896,920]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFD03FC2FFCA6599D" box="[704,823,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first found, I also managed to obtain larvae of this species. Thus, at present, it seems to me necessary in the revision of the Eurasian representatives of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFF04FC67FEB559E5" box="[199,292,968,992]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFF04FC67FEB559E5" box="[199,292,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Culicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to establish the following taxonomic divisions: the species name 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFC1FFC67FBC659E5" box="[988,1111,968,992]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFC1FFC67FBC659E5" box="[988,1111,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with three subspecies 
<superScript id="69C79B93BA590A3DFAFCFC68FAD759D0" attach="left" box="[1343,1350,967,981]" fontSize="6" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">1</superScript>
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFA93FC67FE4D5E01" authority="Sching." authorityName="Sching." class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFA93FC67FE145E01" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris silvestris</emphasis>
Sching.
</taxonomicName>
‒ Eastern Europe, the Urals, Western Siberia; 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFC0DFC43FB6C5E06" authority="Peus" authorityName="Peus" box="[974,1277,1004,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFC0DFC43FB525E01" box="[974,1219,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris ochroptera</emphasis>
Peus
</taxonomicName>
‒ Central Europe and the Baltics; 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFE75FBBFFD495E2D" authority="Masl." authorityName="Masl." box="[438,728,1040,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFE75FBBFFD095E2D" box="[438,664,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris amurensis</emphasis>
Masl.
</taxonomicName>
(subsp. n.) (Maslov, 1949, 1963) ‒ the extreme east of the species range ‒ Piamurye and Primorye. Below is a redescription of the species with a differential diagnosis of all subspecies and a description of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFE55FBF7FDEA5E75" authority="Harbach &amp; Wilkerson, 2023" authorityName="Harbach &amp; Wilkerson" authorityYear="2023" box="[406,635,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFE55FBF7FDEA5E75" box="[406,635,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA590A3DFD4BFBF7FD735E6A" box="[648,738,1112,1136]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" rank="subSpecies">subsp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA590A3DFF04FB30FC9C5ED9" blockId="106.[199,1384,1183,1244]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<superScript id="69C79B93BA590A3DFF04FB30FF5F5EA8" attach="right" box="[199,206,1183,1197]" fontSize="6" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">1</superScript>
It is possible that when analyzing more extensive European material, the first two forms [
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFB9FFB0FFAAD5EBD" box="[1116,1340,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFB9FFB0FFB275EBD" box="[1116,1206,1184,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="silvestris">silvestris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA590A3DFB7EFB0EFAAD5EBD" box="[1213,1340,1185,1208]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFF04FB6BFEA65ED9" box="[199,311,1220,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFF04FB6BFEA65ED9" box="[199,311,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] will turn out to be one and the same subtype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA590A3DFF04FAA3FD5E5FF9" blockId="106.[199,1383,1292,1532]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
In 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFF25FAA3FEB35F26" box="[230,290,1292,1315]" name="Japan" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Japan</collectingCountry>
, another species was described (La Casse а. 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFCC0FAA3FC3A5F21" author="Yamaguti, S. &amp; LaCasse, W. J." box="[771,939,1292,1316]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="ref185556" refString="Yamaguti, S. &amp; LaCasse, W. J. (1950) Mosquito fauna of Guam. Office of the Surgeon, Headquarters, 8 th Army, APO 343. United States. 207 th Malaria Survey Detachment. Office of the Surgeon, Washington, D. C., 101 pp." type="book" year="1950">Yamaguti, 1950</bibRefCitation>
), assigned by the authors to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFF04FA9FFEB55F4D" box="[199,292,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFF04FA9FFEB55F4D" box="[199,292,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Culicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFEF1FA9FFE245F4D" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[306,437,1328,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFEF1FA9FFE245F4D" box="[306,437,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, adult females and males of this species remain unknown; as for the larva of the 4th stage, then differentiating 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFDE6FAFBFD3B5F69" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[549,682,1364,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFDE6FAFBFD3B5F69" box="[549,682,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFD28FAFBFC455F69" authorityName="Harbach &amp; Wilkerson" authorityYear="2023" box="[747,980,1364,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFD28FAFBFC455F69" box="[747,980,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. is not possible (Maslov, 1963). It is probable that there are not two species here, even sub-indigenous, but one form, and then the Far Eastern 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFB33FAD7FEBF5FB1" authorityName="Harbach &amp; Wilkerson" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFB33FAD7FEBF5FB1" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
n. would prove to be synonymous with Japanese 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFCF6FA33FC2B5FB1" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[821,954,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFCF6FA33FC2B5FB1" box="[821,954,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which would need to be considered as a subspecies, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFEFCFA6FFD8E5FDD" box="[319,543,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFEFCFA6FFD8E5FDD" box="[319,543,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, at the present time, due to the lack of descriptions of the male and female already indicated, both forms have to be preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA590A3DFF04F983FF6B5DCA" blockId="106.[199,1384,1580,1999]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
Recently, another species of 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFE36F983FDF95C46" box="[501,616,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFE36F983FDC35C41" box="[501,594,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Culicella">Culicella</taxonomicName>
‒
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFDB2F983FCAC5C46" authority="Barr" authorityName="Barr" box="[625,829,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFDB2F983FC955C41" box="[625,772,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. minnesotae</emphasis>
Barr
</taxonomicName>
, was described in the 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFBEAF983FBCB5C41" box="[1065,1114,1580,1604]" name="United States of America" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFBA8F983FB4C5C41" author="Barr, A. R." box="[1131,1245,1580,1604]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="163 - 167" refId="ref144041" refString="Barr, A. R. (1957) A new species of Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) from North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 59 (4), 163 - 167." type="journal article" year="1957">Barr, 1957</bibRefCitation>
, 1959; Price, 1958). Among the mosquitoes I received from the 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA590A3DFD16F9FFFC975C6D" box="[725,774,1616,1640]" name="United States of America" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="5C76F839BA590A3DFCD6F9FFFC135C6D" box="[789,898,1616,1640]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
) from prof. R. Matheson, turned out to be 
<specimenCount id="88B4FD52BA590A3DFA80F9FFFF695C89" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
matching the description (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA590A3DFDCCF9DBFD105C89" author="Barr, A. R." box="[527,641,1652,1676]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="163 - 167" refId="ref144041" refString="Barr, A. R. (1957) A new species of Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) from North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 59 (4), 163 - 167." type="journal article" year="1957">Barr, 1957</bibRefCitation>
), especially in the structure of the phallus. Comparison of American 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFA93F9DBFEAB5CB5" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFA93F9DBFEAB5CB5" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with other representatives of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFD2BF937FCD45CB5" box="[744,837,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFD2BF937FCD45CB5" box="[744,837,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Culicella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
confirmed significant differences in all developmental stages from 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFE87F913FDA05CD1" box="[324,561,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="morsitans" subSpecies="morsitans">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFE87F913FDA05CD1" box="[324,561,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. morsitans morsitans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFDA0F913FCB05CD1" box="[611,801,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="morsitans" subSpecies="dyari">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFDA0F913FCB05CD1" box="[611,801,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. morsitans dyari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, an amazing similarity between 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFB15F913FAF65CD1" box="[1238,1383,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFB15F913FAF65CD1" box="[1238,1383,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFF31F94FFEFB5CFD" box="[242,362,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFF31F94FFEFB5CFD" box="[242,362,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mosquitoes was unexpectedly revealed: the most characteristic imaginal signs of one (spotted wing, the presence of not only basal but also apical bands on the abdominal tergites [terga], etc.) coincided with those of the other. Of particular interest was the similarity in the structure of the phallus [genitalia] of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFB49F887FA8D5D45" box="[1162,1308,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFB49F887FA8D5D45" box="[1162,1308,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFA93F887FE115D61" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFA93F887FE115D61" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 9, A, B). A comparison of the larval morphological structures also does not support the species independence of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFEB6F8DFFDAE5D82" authority="Barr." authorityName="Barr." box="[373,575,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFEB6F8DFFD945D8D" box="[373,517,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. minnesotae</emphasis>
Barr.
</taxonomicName>
The same is shown by the details of pupal chaetotaxy (Maslov, 1963). Thus, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFA93F8DFFEAB5DA9" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFA93F8DFFEAB5DA9" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should not be considered as an independent species, but only as a subspecies ‒ 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA590A3DFBB7F83BFF6B5DCA" authority="Barr." class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="silvestris" subSpecies="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA590A3DFBB7F83BFAF65DA9" box="[1140,1383,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C. silvestris minnesotae</emphasis>
Barr.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3CFF04FF38FD005B44" blockId="107.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
Following the above, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE01FF38FDFB5AB4" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[450,618,151,177]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov (1964)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished the females, males and fourth-instar larvae of subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54FF14FE985AD1" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,265,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54FF14FE985AD1" box="[151,265,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFEDBFF14FE095AD1" box="[280,408,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFEDBFF14FE095AD1" box="[280,408,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFE65FF14FDB05AD0" box="[422,545,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE65FF14FDB05AD0" box="[422,545,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFD9AFF14FD2C5AD0" box="[601,701,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFD9AFF14FD2C5AD0" box="[601,701,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in separate keys, accompanied by descriptions of 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB30FF14FF525AFC" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB30FF14FAC65AD0" box="[1267,1367,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="silvestris">silvestris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA580A3CFA9DFF14FF525AFC" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and the new subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFE15FF70FDD95AFD" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[470,584,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE15FF70FDD95AFD" box="[470,584,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFD95FF70FD645AFC" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[598,757,223,249]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFCC3FF70FCA85AFC" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[768,825,223,249]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
) incorporated the keys into keys for distinguishing the females, males and fourth-instar larvae of all known species of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFCB4FEACFC455B18" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1904" box="[887,980,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFCB4FEACFC455B18" box="[887,980,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and provided descriptions for 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFAFAFEACFEB55B45" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFAFAFEACFA0C5B18" box="[1337,1437,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="silvestris">silvestris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B7F557B2BA580A3CFF54FE88FEB55B45" box="[151,292,295,320]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and each of the four subspecies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3CFF04FEE4FB1E58F4" blockId="107.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
Because 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFEF0FEE4FE715B60" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[307,480,331,357]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov (1964)</bibRefCitation>
had examined 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA580A3CFD63FEE4FC9A5B60" box="[672,779,331,357]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
and topotypic specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFBB1FEE4FB475B60" box="[1138,1238,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFBB1FEE4FB475B60" box="[1138,1238,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and recognized 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54FEC0FE835B8C" box="[151,274,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54FEC0FE835B8C" box="[151,274,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the same species, we were inclined to consider 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFCB4FEC0FC635B8C" box="[887,1010,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFCB4FEC0FC635B8C" box="[887,1010,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB0DFEC0FAA35B8C" box="[1230,1330,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB0DFEC0FAA35B8C" box="[1230,1330,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
until we noticed that 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFEE2FE3CFD8A5BA8" author="Gutsevich, A. V. &amp; Monchadsky, A. S. &amp; Stackelberg, A. A." box="[289,539,403,429]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref157763" refString="Gutsevich, A. V., Monchadsky, A. S. &amp; Stackelberg, A. A. (1971) Fauna Diptera. Vol. III. No. 4. Mosquitoes, Family Culicidae. New Series 100. Academy of Sciences of the USSR Zoological Institute, Leningrad, 384 pp. [for 1970, in Russian]" type="book" year="1971">
Gutsevich 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE5AFE3CFE5B5BA8" box="[409,458,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. (1971
</bibRefCitation>
, 1974) justified the retention of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFC42FE3CFC6D5BA8" box="[897,1020,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC42FE3CFC6D5BA8" box="[897,1020,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: “A. V. 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFB94FE3CFB6D5BA8" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1111,1276,403,429]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov (1964)</bibRefCitation>
considered 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFA40FE3CFE835BD4" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFA40FE3CFE835BD4" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">C. ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFE23FE18FCB85BD4" authority="Shingarev, 1928" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[480,809,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE23FE18FDF75BD4" box="[480,614,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">C. silvestris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFDACFE18FCB85BD4" author="Shingarev, N. L." box="[623,809,439,465]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref178340" refString="Shingarev, N. L. (1928) Notes on Culicidae. III. Russkii Zhurnal Tropicheskoi Meditsiny [Russian Journal of Tropical Medicine], 1, 47 - 53. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1928">Shingarev, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but to judge from Shingarev’s incomplete description, ‘it is certain that the two species are not identical’ (Shtakel’berg, 1937 [
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFC16FE74FB355BF0" author="Stackelberg, A. A." box="[981,1188,475,501]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref179180" refString="Stackelberg, A. A. (1937) Fauna de l'URSS. Insectes, Dipteres. Vol. III. n 0 4. Fam. Culicidae (Subfam. Culicinae). Nouvelle Serie no 11. Institut Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, Moscow, x + 258 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1937">Stackelberg 1937</bibRefCitation>
]). The 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA580A3CFB35FE74FAC95BF0" box="[1270,1368,475,501]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFA40FE74FF6A581C" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFA40FE74FF6A581C" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">C. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is lost and Maslov examined only 
<typeStatus id="41098879BA580A3CFDB4FE50FD77581C" box="[631,742,511,537]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. Because of the incomplete original description of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFAD0FE50FA07581C" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[1299,1430,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFAD0FE50FA07581C" box="[1299,1430,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">C. silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it seems advisable to retain the name 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFDFFFD8CFD495838" box="[572,728,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFDFFFD8CFD495838" box="[572,728,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">C. ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[translated from the Russian].” It is important to note here that 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFF54FDE8FEFD5864" author="Stackelberg, A. A." box="[151,364,583,609]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref179180" refString="Stackelberg, A. A. (1937) Fauna de l'URSS. Insectes, Dipteres. Vol. III. n 0 4. Fam. Culicidae (Subfam. Culicinae). Nouvelle Serie no 11. Institut Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, Moscow, x + 258 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1937">Stackelberg (1937)</bibRefCitation>
treated 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFE04FDE8FDD35864" box="[455,578,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE04FDE8FDD35864" box="[455,578,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFDBAFDE8FD4C5864" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[633,733,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFDBAFDE8FD4C5864" box="[633,733,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as separate species (of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFC27FDE8FAF05864" authority="Neveu-Lemaire, 1902" authorityName="Neveu-Lemaire" authorityYear="1902" box="[996,1377,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC27FDE8FBF55864" box="[996,1124,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Theobaldia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFBA8FDE8FAF05864" author="Neveu-Lemaire, M." box="[1131,1377,583,609]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1329 - 1332" refId="ref171712" refString="Neveu-Lemaire, M. (1902) Sur la classification des Culicides. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances et Memoires de la Societe de Biologie, 54, 1329 - 1332." type="journal article" year="1902">Neveu-Lemaire, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) [the map in 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFF2CFDC4FE015880" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[239,400,619,645]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE5EFDC4FE485880" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[413,473,619,645]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 82) indicates they may have allopatric distributions], and distinguished them in a key for the identification of males. It seems likely that Dhal &amp; White (1978) listed 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB94FD20FB2A58AC" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[1111,1211,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB94FD20FB2A58AC" box="[1111,1211,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB35FD20FA0D58AC" box="[1270,1436,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nomen dubium</emphasis>
based on the explanatory note and recommendation proffered by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFCAFFD1CFBF758C8" author="Gutsevich, A. V. &amp; Monchadsky, A. S. &amp; Stackelberg, A. A." box="[876,1126,691,717]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref157763" refString="Gutsevich, A. V., Monchadsky, A. S. &amp; Stackelberg, A. A. (1971) Fauna Diptera. Vol. III. No. 4. Mosquitoes, Family Culicidae. New Series 100. Academy of Sciences of the USSR Zoological Institute, Leningrad, 384 pp. [for 1970, in Russian]" type="book" year="1971">
Gutsevich 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC27FD1CFB8458C8" box="[996,1045,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. (1971
</bibRefCitation>
, 1974). Until the identity of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54FD78FF6A58F4" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,251,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54FD78FF6A58F4" box="[151,251,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is resolved, we concur with Dahl &amp; White that it should remain a 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC21FD78FB1958F4" box="[994,1160,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nomen dubium</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3CFF04FD54FF5C59CC" blockId="107.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFF04FD54FE095910" author="Wood, D. M. &amp; Dang, P. T. &amp; Ellis, R. A." box="[199,408,763,789]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref185265" refString="Wood, D. M., Dang, P. T. &amp; Ellis, R. A. (1979) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 6. The mosquitoes of Canada. (Diptera: Culicidae). Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Quebec, 390 pp." type="book" year="1979">
Wood 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFED3FD54FED15910" box="[272,320,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
provided a cogent summary of the 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFCE3FD54FB995910" box="[800,1032,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris-ochroptera</emphasis>
conundrum and decided to continue to recognize 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFEEAFCB0FE38593D" box="[297,425,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFEEAFCB0FE38593D" box="[297,425,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate species “Until Russian workers concur in choosing between 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB32FCB0FAFD593C" box="[1265,1388,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB32FCB0FAFD593C" box="[1265,1388,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54FCECFF6A5958" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,251,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54FCECFF6A5958" box="[151,251,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”. We agree with this rationale and reaffirm the specific rank of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFC21FCECFBF35959" box="[994,1122,835,860]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC21FCECFBF35959" box="[994,1122,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
established by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFAD5FCECFF755984" author="Wood, D. M. &amp; Dang, P. T. &amp; Ellis, R. A." pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref185265" refString="Wood, D. M., Dang, P. T. &amp; Ellis, R. A. (1979) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 6. The mosquitoes of Canada. (Diptera: Culicidae). Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Quebec, 390 pp." type="book" year="1979">
Wood 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFAA1FCECFA045958" box="[1378,1429,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
, and accepted by later workers (
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFD89FCC8FDE35985" box="[586,626,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">e.g.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFDBAFCC8FCF15984" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[633,864,871,897]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 313" refId="ref150692" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A. (1981) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. Mosquito Systematics Supplement, 1, 1 - 313." type="journal article" year="1981">Darsie &amp; Ward 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFCA8FCC9FC375984" author="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A." box="[875,934,870,897]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref150735" refString="Darsie Jr., R. F. &amp; Ward, R. A. (2005) Identification and geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 383 pp." type="book" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFC72FCC8FBAC5984" author="Belton, P." box="[945,1085,871,897]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref145290" refString="Belton, P. (1983) The mosquitoes of British Columbia. Handbook 41. British Columbia Provincial Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, 199 pp." type="book" year="1983">Belton 1983</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFB8BFCC8FABA5984" author="Harrison, B. A. &amp; Byrd, B. D. &amp; Sither, C. B. &amp; Whitt, P. B." box="[1096,1323,871,897]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref159337" refString="Harrison, B. A., Byrd, B. D., Sither, C. B. &amp; Whitt, P. B. (2016) The Mosquitoes of the Mid-Atlantic Region: An Identification Guide. Mosquito and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases Laboratory Publication 2016 - 1. Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, v + (1) + 201 pp." type="book" year="2016">
Harrison 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB73FCC8FB705984" box="[1200,1249,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
): 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFAFEFCC9FDBA59A1" authority="Barr, 1957" authorityName="Barr" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFAFEFCC9FDBA59A1" bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFAFEFCC9FA0D5984" bold="true" box="[1341,1436,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF62FC25FE9859A0" bold="true" box="[161,265,906,933]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culicella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFEDFFC24FE3159A0" bold="true" box="[284,416,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">minnesotae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE68FC24FDBA59A1" author="Barr, A. R." box="[427,555,906,933]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="163 - 167" refId="ref144041" refString="Barr, A. R. (1957) A new species of Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) from North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 59 (4), 163 - 167." type="journal article" year="1957">Barr, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFDFEFC24FCB559A1" box="[573,804,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minnesotae">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFDFEFC24FCB559A1" box="[573,804,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta minnesotae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3CFF04FC7CFB945E78" blockId="107.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFF04FC7CFD8759E8" author="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V." box="[199,534,979,1005]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="110 - 118" refId="ref145319" refString="Berlov, O. E. &amp; Kuberskaya, O. V. (2023) Additions and corrections to the Catalog of blood-sucking mosquitoes of the world (Insecta: Diptera, Culicidae) by Wilkerson et al. (2021). Amurian Zoological Journal, 15 (1), 110 - 118. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.33910 / 2686 - 9519 - 2023 - 15 - 1 - 110 - 118" type="journal article" year="2023">Berlov &amp; Kuberskaya (2023)</bibRefCitation>
incorrectly asserted that 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFCF9FC7CFC4D59E8" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[826,988,979,1005]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">Maslov (1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFC2AFC7CFBB359E8" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1001,1058,979,1005]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
) had considered 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB2AFC7CFAC859E9" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[1257,1369,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB2AFC7CFAC859E9" box="[1257,1369,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFE92FC58FE245E14" authorityName="Shingarev" authorityYear="1928" box="[337,437,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestris">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE92FC58FE245E14" box="[337,437,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">silvestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All prior authors (
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFD55FC58FCAB5E14" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[662,826,1015,1041]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov (1964</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFC8BFC58FC125E14" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[840,899,1015,1041]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref168335" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1967) Krovososushchie komarȳ podtribȳ Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) mirovoi faunȳ [Bloodsucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) of the world]. Academie Imperiale des Sciences, Musee Zoologique, St Petersburg. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, Vȳp. 93, 1 - 182, 1 pl. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46351" type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFC52FC58FC5D5E14" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[913,972,1015,1041]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref168413" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1989) Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the subtribe Culisetina (Diptera, Culicidae) in world fauna. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., xv + 248 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFC18FC58FB445E14" author="Gutsevich, A. V. &amp; Monchadsky, A. S. &amp; Stackelberg, A. A." box="[987,1237,1015,1041]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref157763" refString="Gutsevich, A. V., Monchadsky, A. S. &amp; Stackelberg, A. A. (1971) Fauna Diptera. Vol. III. No. 4. Mosquitoes, Family Culicidae. New Series 100. Academy of Sciences of the USSR Zoological Institute, Leningrad, 384 pp. [for 1970, in Russian]" type="book" year="1971">
Gutsevich 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB95FC58FB1A5E14" box="[1110,1163,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 1971
</bibRefCitation>
, 1974; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFAEDFC58FF665E30" author="Tanaka, K. &amp; Mizusawa, K. &amp; Saugstad, E. S." pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 987" refId="ref180905" refString="Tanaka, K., Mizusawa, K. &amp; Saugstad, E. S. (1979) A revision of the adult and larval mosquitoes of Japan (including the Ryukyu Archipelago and the Ogasawara Islands) and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 16, vii + 1 - 987." type="journal article" year="1979">
Tanaka 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFA4BFC58FF3C5E30" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 1979
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFEC7FBB4FE365E30" author="Lu, B. &amp; Li, B. &amp; Ji, S. &amp; Chen, H. &amp; Meng, Q. &amp; Su, L. &amp; Qu, I. &amp; Gong, Z. &amp; Zhang, Z." box="[260,423,1051,1077]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref166261" refString="Lu, B., Li, B., Ji, S., Chen, H., Meng, Q., Su, L., Qu, I. Gong, Z. &amp; Zhang, Z. (1997) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 8. Diptera: Culicidae 1. Science Press, Beijing, xiii + 884 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Lu 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFEEFFBB4FECF5E30" box="[300,350,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
) recognized 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFDF9FBB4FD3B5E31" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[570,682,1051,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFDF9FBB4FD3B5E31" box="[570,682,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species. As there is no justification or precedence for treating 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF37FB90FEF55E5D" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[244,356,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF37FB90FEF55E5D" box="[244,356,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies, the specific rank of this nominal species must be retained: 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB78FB91FDCA5E79" authority="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti, 1950" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB78FB91FDCA5E79" bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB78FB91FA8B5E5C" bold="true" box="[1211,1306,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFAE8FB91FA025E5C" bold="true" box="[1323,1427,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culicella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54FBCCFE9B5E78" bold="true" box="[151,266,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nipponica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFED2FBCCFDCA5E79" author="La Casse, W. J. &amp; Yamaguti, S." box="[273,603,1122,1149]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="213" refId="ref163448" refString="La Casse, W. J. &amp; Yamaguti, S. (1950) Mosquito fauna of Japan and Korea. Office of the Surgeon, Hq. 8 th Army APO 343, Kyoto, Honshu, viii + 268 + 7 (Appendix I) + 213 (Appendix II) pp." type="journal article" year="1950">La Casse &amp; Yamaguti, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E0D36DBBA580A3CFF04FB28FAA55C0C" blockId="107.[151,1437,151,1545]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
We have not been able to find a source for the recognition of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFC47FB28FC675EA5" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[900,1014,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC47FB28FC675EA5" box="[900,1014,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species; consequently, its listing as a species by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE8AFB04FE6A5EC0" author="Harbach, R. E." box="[329,507,1195,1221]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref158710" refString="Harbach, R. E. (2018) Culicipedia: Species-group, genus-group and family-group names in Culicidae (Diptera). CABI, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, xviii + 378 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9781786399052.0000" type="book" year="2018">Harbach (2018)</bibRefCitation>
was apparently in error; it should have been listed as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFAD9FB04FA045EC0" box="[1306,1429,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Theobaldia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFAD9FB04FA045EC0" box="[1306,1429,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ochroptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54FB60FE905EEC" box="[151,257,1231,1257]" genus="The" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" rank="species" species="error">The error</taxonomicName>
was repeated in 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE01FB60FD5F5EEC" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[450,718,1231,1257]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFDFDFB60FDE05EEC" box="[574,625,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
. Although 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFC89FB60FC2D5EED" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[842,956,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC89FB60FC2D5EED" box="[842,956,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded from the extreme northeast of 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFF54FB5CFF4B5F08" box="[151,218,1267,1293]" name="China" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFF2BFB5CFE4C5F08" author="Knight, K. L. &amp; Stone, A." box="[232,477,1267,1293]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref162868" refString="Knight, K. L. &amp; Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). 2 nd Edition. The Thomas Say Foundation. Vol. VI. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Maryland, xi + 611 pp." type="book" year="1977">Knight &amp; Stone 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFE2BFB5CFD4C5F08" author="Wilkerson, R. C. &amp; Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D." box="[488,733,1267,1293]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref184924" refString="Wilkerson, R. C., Linton, Y. - M. &amp; Strickman, D. (2021) Mosquitoes of the world. Vols. 1 &amp; 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1332 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13071 - 021 - 04848 - 6" type="book" year="2021">
Wilkerson 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFDA1FB5CFD025F08" box="[610,659,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
), it is not treated or even mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFB54FB5CFAD45F08" author="Lu, B. &amp; Li, B. &amp; Ji, S. &amp; Chen, H. &amp; Meng, Q. &amp; Su, L. &amp; Qu, I. &amp; Gong, Z. &amp; Zhang, Z." box="[1175,1349,1267,1293]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref166261" refString="Lu, B., Li, B., Ji, S., Chen, H., Meng, Q., Su, L., Qu, I. Gong, Z. &amp; Zhang, Z. (1997) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 8. Diptera: Culicidae 1. Science Press, Beijing, xiii + 884 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Lu 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB7FFB5CFB7C5F08" box="[1212,1261,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. (1997)
</bibRefCitation>
in their monograph on the culicine mosquitoes of 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFDA8FAB8FD3F5F34" box="[619,686,1303,1329]" name="China" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">China</collectingCountry>
(however, they do recognize and describe 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB4BFAB8FAB25F35" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[1160,1315,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB4BFAB8FAB25F35" box="[1160,1315,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Cs. nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). As noted above, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFF2BFA94FE1F5F50" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[232,398,1339,1365]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov (1964)</bibRefCitation>
thought it “probable” that 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFD7EFA94FCBE5F51" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[701,815,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFD7EFA94FCBE5F51" box="[701,815,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was the same as 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFC30FA94FBF25F51" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[1011,1123,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC30FA94FBF25F51" box="[1011,1123,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which case the apparent morphological similarity of the two nominal forms may explain why Lu 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC24FAF0FB8A5F7C" box="[999,1051,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
. only recognized the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54FA2CFE965F99" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,263,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54FA2CFE965F99" box="[151,263,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="E6A5764BBA580A3CFEEFFA2CFEE25F98" box="[300,371,1411,1437]" name="China" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">China</collectingCountry>
. In agreement with 
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFD92FA2CFD6B5F98" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[593,762,1411,1437]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov (1964)</bibRefCitation>
, we also believe 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFC78FA2CFBBC5F99" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[955,1069,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFC78FA2CFBBC5F99" box="[955,1069,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely to be synonymous with 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFF54FA08FE965FC5" authorityName="La Casse &amp; Yamaguti" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,263,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nipponica">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFF54FA08FE965FC5" box="[151,263,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">nipponica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; hence, until proven otherwise, it is herewith consigned to synonymy: 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFBEBFA08FC315FE1" bold="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFBEBFA08FAD55FC5" authority="Maslov, 1964" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[1064,1348,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFBEBFA08FB315FC4" bold="true" box="[1064,1184,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFB64FA08FAD55FC5" author="Maslov, A. V." box="[1191,1348,1446,1473]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="193 - 217" refId="ref168294" refString="Maslov, A. V. (1964) On the systematics of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the group Culiseta (Diptera, Culicidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43 (1), 193 - 217. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1964">Maslov, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, junior subjective synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFE66FA65FC315FE1" authority="(Peus, 1935)" baseAuthorityName="Peus" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[421,928,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroptera" subGenus="Culicella">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFE66FA65FD955FE0" bold="true" box="[421,516,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFDD7FA65FDED5FE0" bold="true" box="[532,636,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culicella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFD48FA65FC985FE0" bold="true" box="[651,777,1482,1509]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">ochroptera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FA234B2ABA580A3CFCDBFA65FC095FE1" author="Peus, F." box="[792,920,1482,1508]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="113 - 121" refId="ref173136" refString="Peus, F. (1935) Theobaldia (Subg. Culicella) ochroptera sp. n., eine bisher unbekannte Stechm ¸ cke. Markische Tierwelt: Zeitschrift f ¸ r die faunistische Erforschung der Kurmark, 1, 113 - 121." type="journal article" year="1935">Peus, 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. The nominal subspecies 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB7CFA64FAA05FE1" authorityName="Maslov" authorityYear="1964" box="[1215,1329,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB7CFA64FAA05FE1" box="[1215,1329,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">amurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is listed as a species in the Encyclopedia of Life, must be removed from the list of valid species of 
<taxonomicName id="59B24D58BA580A3CFB13FA40FABC5C0C" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1904" box="[1232,1325,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culiseta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACC6EAC9BA580A3CFB13FA40FABC5C0C" box="[1232,1325,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Culiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>