252 lines
33 KiB
XML
252 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="94D839FE9BB35489244388784A39FA68" ID-CLB-Dataset="298073" ID-DOI="10.5070/P940253335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3872b03-1bb2-4abd-989f-d4aeee1cb8e8" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913403" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1712168991736" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Burrow, Carole Jan & Elliott, David Kenneth" docDate="2023" docId="8E3A87E5FFCAB402DCC7FDBD894345AF" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.2.1-7.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940253335" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.1:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Bryantonchus peracutus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="7203FF9DFFCFB404DC03FFE88B3E433E" masterDocTitle="Acanthodian fauna from the Early Devonian (Emsian) of Death Valley, California" masterLastPageNumber="7" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1717509832777" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="76C74CE6670CDD56F9F7AA2E0C4AB1FA">Acanthodian fauna from the Early Devonian (Emsian) of Death Valley, California</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C1B65AFB9A24154E3D28FFD816B3803A">Burrow, Carole Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="00E97C175665178ECBBAC864FEB559CC">Elliott, David Kenneth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0FA9E7ED53E36D07F25FAAB114A4645C">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D4BA6B8089F3530DF1484FBB73340563">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="8E3A87E5FFCAB402DCC7FDBD894345AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11473524" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232131778" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11473524" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E3A87E5FFCAB402DCC7FDBD894345AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E3A87E5FFCAB402DCC7FDBD894345AF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="4E896578FFCAB401DCC7FDBD89F24151" box="[196,716,597,623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="062C36F3FFCAB401DCC7FDBD89F24151" blockId="5.[196,716,499,623]" box="[196,716,597,623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="5D64819FFFCAB401DCC7FDBD89F24151" allCaps="true" box="[196,716,597,623]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFCAB401DCC7FDBD89F24151" authority="(BRYANT, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="BRYANT" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[196,716,597,623]" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bryantonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplacanthiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peracutus">
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<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401DCC7FDBD89384151" box="[196,518,597,623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">BRYANTONCHUS PERACUTUS</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFCAB401DE1BFDBD89FF4151" author="Bryant, W. L." box="[536,705,597,623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="127 - 162" refId="ref3503" refString="Bryant, W. L. 1934. The fish fauna of Beartooth Butte, Wyoming. Parts II and III. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 73: 127 - 162." type="journal article" year="1934">BRYANT, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E896578FFCAB401DD86FD68893541A4" box="[389,523,640,666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="062C36F3FFCAB401DD86FD68893541A4" blockId="5.[389,523,640,666]" box="[389,523,640,666]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9EA82A76FFCAB401DD8DFD688AF141A4" box="[398,463,640,666]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[112,191,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-312@5.[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Acanthodian fin spines and scapulocoracoid. A-C, Bryantonchus peracutus: A, B complete spine FMNH-PF14564; C, proximal end of spine FMNH-PF14568.D, E,Machaeracanthus sp.: D, incomplete spine FMNH-PF14573, lateral view; E, abraded spine FMNH-PF14574, dorsoventrally compressed. F-H, acanthodian indet. scapulocoracoid: F, counterpart FMNH-PF14575; G, part FMNH-PF14576; H, outline sketch. Abbreviations: IEB, insertion-exsertion boundary; k/w, worn keel or wing; plac, placoderm plate; le, leading edge; te, trailing edge; teg, trailing edge groove. Scale bars=0.5 mm in A, C–E, 0.1 mm in B, F–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A-C)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E896578FFCAB401DC95FD4389D141D7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="062C36F3FFCAB401DC95FD4389D141D7" blockId="5.[112,800,683,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401DC95FD438AAD41FB" bold="true" box="[150,403,683,709]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Referred material</emphasis>
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—Complete fin spine
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<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFCAB401DEC5FD448BAB41D7" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
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14564, spine fragments
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<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFCAB401DDBDFD26897941D7" box="[446,583,718,745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
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14565–14572.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E896578FFCAB402DC93FD19894345AF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="062C36F3FFCAB401DC93FD198F954105" blockId="5.[112,800,683,886]" lastBlockId="5.[832,1522,193,888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401DC93FD198A024035" bold="true" box="[144,316,753,779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
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—The one complete spine (
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<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFCAB401DEBEFD1A8BAB400E" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
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14564;
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<figureCitation id="9EA82A76FFCAB401DCF1FCFD8A734011" box="[242,333,789,815]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[112,191,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-312@5.[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Acanthodian fin spines and scapulocoracoid. A-C, Bryantonchus peracutus: A, B complete spine FMNH-PF14564; C, proximal end of spine FMNH-PF14568.D, E,Machaeracanthus sp.: D, incomplete spine FMNH-PF14573, lateral view; E, abraded spine FMNH-PF14574, dorsoventrally compressed. F-H, acanthodian indet. scapulocoracoid: F, counterpart FMNH-PF14575; G, part FMNH-PF14576; H, outline sketch. Abbreviations: IEB, insertion-exsertion boundary; k/w, worn keel or wing; plac, placoderm plate; le, leading edge; te, trailing edge; teg, trailing edge groove. Scale bars=0.5 mm in A, C–E, 0.1 mm in B, F–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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) is
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<quantity id="C16B9B16FFCAB401DD7FFCFD8AE94011" box="[380,471,789,815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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long with a straight trailing edge and slightly curved leading edge; maximum depth is
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<quantity id="C16B9B16FFCAB401DCDEFCB38A034048" box="[221,317,859,886]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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near the proximal end of the exserted part. The insertion is less than
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<quantity id="C16B9B16FFCAB401D8C3FF2A8E3643E2" box="[1216,1288,194,220]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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long. The exserted part of the spine is smooth, without any ridges or other ornamentation, and the short insertion shows fine closeset longitudinal ridges (
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<figureCitation id="9EA82A76FFCAB401D878FEC38FE9427B" box="[1147,1239,299,325]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[112,191,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-312@5.[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Acanthodian fin spines and scapulocoracoid. A-C, Bryantonchus peracutus: A, B complete spine FMNH-PF14564; C, proximal end of spine FMNH-PF14568.D, E,Machaeracanthus sp.: D, incomplete spine FMNH-PF14573, lateral view; E, abraded spine FMNH-PF14574, dorsoventrally compressed. F-H, acanthodian indet. scapulocoracoid: F, counterpart FMNH-PF14575; G, part FMNH-PF14576; H, outline sketch. Abbreviations: IEB, insertion-exsertion boundary; k/w, worn keel or wing; plac, placoderm plate; le, leading edge; te, trailing edge; teg, trailing edge groove. Scale bars=0.5 mm in A, C–E, 0.1 mm in B, F–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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). The insertion is also exposed on specimen
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<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFCAB401D85DFEA68FDC4257" box="[1118,1250,334,361]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
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1458 (
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<figureCitation id="9EA82A76FFCAB401D92FFEA68EB74256" box="[1324,1417,334,360]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[112,191,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-312@5.[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Acanthodian fin spines and scapulocoracoid. A-C, Bryantonchus peracutus: A, B complete spine FMNH-PF14564; C, proximal end of spine FMNH-PF14568.D, E,Machaeracanthus sp.: D, incomplete spine FMNH-PF14573, lateral view; E, abraded spine FMNH-PF14574, dorsoventrally compressed. F-H, acanthodian indet. scapulocoracoid: F, counterpart FMNH-PF14575; G, part FMNH-PF14576; H, outline sketch. Abbreviations: IEB, insertion-exsertion boundary; k/w, worn keel or wing; plac, placoderm plate; le, leading edge; te, trailing edge; teg, trailing edge groove. Scale bars=0.5 mm in A, C–E, 0.1 mm in B, F–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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), with a medial groove along the trailing edge also visible. The other fragments also exhibit the smooth surface on the exserted part, characteristic of the taxon. The spines appear to have the circular cross-section that typifies
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<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFCAB401D9DAFE3488874126" baseAuthorityName="BRYANT" baseAuthorityYear="1934" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bryantonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peracutus">
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<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401D9DAFE3488874126" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">B. peracutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, except
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<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFCAB401D822FE168F9B4127" box="[1057,1189,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
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14567 (not figured) that is somewhat laterally flattened.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="062C36F3FFCAB401DF63FDAC88DD4046" blockId="5.[832,1522,193,888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401DF63FDAC8F3D4160" bold="true" box="[864,1027,580,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Comparison</emphasis>
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—The Death Valley specimens fit within the range shown by
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<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFCAB401D847FD808E5141BC" baseAuthorityName="BRYANT" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[1092,1391,616,642]" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bryantonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peracutus">
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<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401D847FD808E5141BC" box="[1092,1391,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bryantonchus peracutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fin spines from the
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<typeStatus id="D9288851FFCAB401DFBAFD6488CF4198" box="[953,1009,652,678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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stratum of the Beartooth Butte Formation at Beartooth Butte, Wyoming, and also in the Sevy Dolomite of the northern Egan Range, Nevada,
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<collectingCountry id="7E847663FFCAB401D98CFD398ECC41D5" box="[1423,1522,721,747]" name="Netherlands" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Holland</collectingCountry>
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Quarry Shale, northwestern Ohio (
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<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFCAB401D8F4FD1D8E994031" author="Denison, R. H." box="[1271,1447,757,783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="555 - 613" refId="ref3974" refString="Denison, R. H. 1960. Fishes of the Devonian Holland Quarry Shale of Ohio. Fieldiana Geology 11 (10): 555 - 613." type="journal article" year="1960">Denison 1960</bibRefCitation>
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), and lower Grassy Flat Member, Water Canyon Formation of Utah (
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<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFCAB401DF8DFCD48F09406B" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[910,1079,827,854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="824 - 840" refId="ref3602" refString="Burrow, C. J. 2007. Early Devonian (Emsian) acanthodian faunas of the western USA. Journal of Paleontology 81 (5): 824 - 840." type="journal article" year="2007">Burrow 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). The taxon is not known from any other region.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="52EC667BFFCAB401DC73F8E28EE3449C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913409/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" startId="5.[112,191,1802,1826]" targetBox="[112,1520,918,1780]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="062C36F3FFCAB401DC73F8E28EE3449C" blockId="5.[110,1520,1802,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401DC73F8E28BE5441C" bold="true" box="[112,219,1802,1826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Acanthodian fin spines and scapulocoracoid. A-C,
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<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFCAB401DF17F8E38F1D441C" baseAuthorityName="BRYANT" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[788,1059,1803,1827]" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bryantonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peracutus">
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||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401DF17F8E38F1D441C" box="[788,1059,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Bryantonchus peracutus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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: A, B complete spine FMNH-PF14564; C, proximal end of spine FMNH-PF14568. D, E,
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<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFCAB401DE54F8C3887A447C" box="[599,836,1835,1859]" genus="Machaeracanthus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFCAB401DE54F8C38823447D" box="[599,797,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Machaeracanthus</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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: D, incomplete spine FMNH-PF14573, lateral view; E, abraded spine FMNH-PF14574, dorsoventrally compressed. F-H, acanthodian indet. scapulocoracoid: F, counterpart FMNH-PF14575; G, part FMNH-PF14576; H, outline sketch. Abbreviations: IEB, insertion-exsertion boundary; k/w, worn keel or wing; plac, placoderm plate; le, leading edge; te, trailing edge; teg, trailing edge groove. Scale bars=0.5 mm in A, C–E, 0.1 mm in B, F–H.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="062C36F3FFC9B402DD7FFF2B892A43E3" blockId="6.[141,772,195,363]" box="[380,532,195,221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Order indet.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="062C36F3FFC9B402DC8EFF0F8AD7421B" blockId="6.[141,772,195,363]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
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<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFC9B402DC8EFF0F8BDD423F" box="[141,227,231,257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FAMILY</collectionCode>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DCEAFF0F8AD7421B" authority="BURROW & YOUNG, 2005" authorityName="BURROW & YOUNG" authorityYear="2005" family="Machaeracanthidae" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="family">
|
||
MACHAERACANTHIDAE
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFC9B402DE22FF0F8AD7421B" author="Burrow, C. J. & G. C. Young" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="3 - 25" refId="ref3772" refString="Burrow, C. J., and G. C. Young. 2005. The acanthodian fauna of the Cravens Peak Beds (Early to Middle Devonian), western Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 51 (1): 3 - 25." type="journal article" year="2005">BURROW & YOUNG, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="062C36F3FFC9B402DCD2FEC589814276" blockId="6.[141,772,195,363]" box="[209,703,301,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DCD2FEC589814276" authority="NEWBERRY, 1857" authorityName="NEWBERRY" authorityYear="1857" box="[209,703,301,328]" genus="Machaeracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
MACHAERACANTHUS
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFC9B402DDE8FEC689814276" author="Newberry, J." box="[491,703,301,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="119 - 126" refId="ref4457" refString="Newberry, J. 1857. Fossil fishes from the Devonian rocks of Ohio. Proceedings of the National Institute 1: 119 - 126." type="journal article" year="1857">NEWBERRY, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="062C36F3FFC9B402DD43FEB9896F4254" blockId="6.[141,772,195,363]" box="[320,593,336,363]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DD43FEB9896F4254" box="[320,593,336,363]" genus="Machaeracanthus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DD43FEB989154255" box="[320,555,337,363]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">MACHAERACANTHUS</emphasis>
|
||
SP.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="062C36F3FFC9B402DD80FE93893342A8" blockId="6.[387,525,379,406]" box="[387,525,379,406]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA82A76FFC9B402DD8FFE93893B42A8" box="[396,517,379,406]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[112,191,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-312@5.[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Acanthodian fin spines and scapulocoracoid. A-C, Bryantonchus peracutus: A, B complete spine FMNH-PF14564; C, proximal end of spine FMNH-PF14568.D, E,Machaeracanthus sp.: D, incomplete spine FMNH-PF14573, lateral view; E, abraded spine FMNH-PF14574, dorsoventrally compressed. F-H, acanthodian indet. scapulocoracoid: F, counterpart FMNH-PF14575; G, part FMNH-PF14576; H, outline sketch. Abbreviations: IEB, insertion-exsertion boundary; k/w, worn keel or wing; plac, placoderm plate; le, leading edge; te, trailing edge; teg, trailing edge groove. Scale bars=0.5 mm in A, C–E, 0.1 mm in B, F–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913409/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="062C36F3FFC9B402DC95FE4E8A8E42DB" blockId="6.[110,802,422,1681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DC95FE4E8AAD42FE" bold="true" box="[150,403,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Referred material</emphasis>
|
||
—Fin spines
|
||
<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFC9B402DE4CFE4F89EA42FC" box="[591,724,423,450]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
|
||
14573, possibly
|
||
<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFC9B402DCDDFE228A5D42DB" box="[222,355,458,485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
|
||
14574.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="062C36F3FFC9B402DC93FE058AA7407A" blockId="6.[110,802,422,1681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DC93FE058A114139" bold="true" box="[144,303,493,519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
|
||
—Specimen
|
||
<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFC9B402DDD3FE05896B4136" box="[464,597,493,520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
|
||
14573 is
|
||
<quantity id="C16B9B16FFC9B402DEC6FE05881E4136" box="[709,800,493,520]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with a marked longitudinal curvature and lacks the proximal and distal ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA82A76FFC9B402DDE0FDDB897F4170" box="[483,577,563,590]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[112,191,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-312@5.[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Acanthodian fin spines and scapulocoracoid. A-C, Bryantonchus peracutus: A, B complete spine FMNH-PF14564; C, proximal end of spine FMNH-PF14568.D, E,Machaeracanthus sp.: D, incomplete spine FMNH-PF14573, lateral view; E, abraded spine FMNH-PF14574, dorsoventrally compressed. F-H, acanthodian indet. scapulocoracoid: F, counterpart FMNH-PF14575; G, part FMNH-PF14576; H, outline sketch. Abbreviations: IEB, insertion-exsertion boundary; k/w, worn keel or wing; plac, placoderm plate; le, leading edge; te, trailing edge; teg, trailing edge groove. Scale bars=0.5 mm in A, C–E, 0.1 mm in B, F–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913409/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). A lateral surface is exposed, showing an abraded keel or wing and one or two longitudinal grooves on the convexly curved upper surface.
|
||
<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFC9B402DCDBFD758A654186" box="[216,347,669,696]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
|
||
14574 is the distal part of a spine,
|
||
<quantity id="C16B9B16FFC9B402DF03FD758B9F41E5" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with maximum width c.
|
||
<quantity id="C16B9B16FFC9B402DE08FD28895641E5" box="[523,616,704,731]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="9EA82A76FFC9B402DE75FD2889F141E4" box="[630,719,704,730]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[112,191,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-312@5.[112,1520,918,1780]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Acanthodian fin spines and scapulocoracoid. A-C, Bryantonchus peracutus: A, B complete spine FMNH-PF14564; C, proximal end of spine FMNH-PF14568.D, E,Machaeracanthus sp.: D, incomplete spine FMNH-PF14573, lateral view; E, abraded spine FMNH-PF14574, dorsoventrally compressed. F-H, acanthodian indet. scapulocoracoid: F, counterpart FMNH-PF14575; G, part FMNH-PF14576; H, outline sketch. Abbreviations: IEB, insertion-exsertion boundary; k/w, worn keel or wing; plac, placoderm plate; le, leading edge; te, trailing edge; teg, trailing edge groove. Scale bars=0.5 mm in A, C–E, 0.1 mm in B, F–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913409/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most of the spine has eroded away, but the lateral wing and keel and the central core are partially preserved in the more eroded distal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="062C36F3FFC9B402DC93FCA5894345AF" blockId="6.[110,802,422,1681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DC93FCA58A0C4059" bold="true" box="[144,306,845,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Comparison</emphasis>
|
||
—Despite their poor preservation, these small spines are identifiable as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DDF6FC9889EE40B4" authorityName="NEWBERRY" authorityYear="1857" box="[501,720,880,906]" genus="Machaeracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DDF6FC9889EE40B4" box="[501,720,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Machaeracanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on their distinctive morphology, with lateral wing and keel extending out from a central axial body. The weak grooves on the upper surface of
|
||
<collectionCode id="6082AE36FFC9B402DE11FC3289A840CB" box="[530,662,986,1013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FMNH-PF</collectionCode>
|
||
14573 indicate it could be a small specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DE3CFC1689F64729" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1857" box="[575,712,1021,1047]" genus="Machaeracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DE3CFC1689F64729" box="[575,712,1021,1047]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">M. sulcatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has been described from the Coils Creek Member (?Emsian), McColley Canyon Formation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C457F811FFC9B402DE2DFBAB89B54763" box="[558,651,1091,1117]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Burrow et al. 2010, fig. 4C–J). However, another species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DEA6FB808A3C479A" authority="Kegel, 1913" authorityName="Kegel" authorityYear="1913" genus="Machaeracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kayseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DEA6FB80881E47BF" box="[677,800,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">M. kayseri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFC9B402DC73FB628A3C479A" author="Kegel, W." box="[112,258,1162,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref4391" refString="Kegel, W. 1913. Der Taunusquarzit von Katzenelnbogen. Abhandlungen der Koniglich preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt zu Berlin 76: 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1913">Kegel, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has longitudinal grooves and ridges on the same surface (Burrow et al. 2010, fig. 1G), so we can only assign the spine to
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DDA1FB398A8747D4" box="[418,441,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">M</emphasis>
|
||
. sp.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFC9B402DDF2FB39899A47D5" author="Bryant, W. L." box="[497,676,1232,1259]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="127 - 162" refId="ref3503" refString="Bryant, W. L. 1934. The fish fauna of Beartooth Butte, Wyoming. Parts II and III. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 73: 127 - 162." type="journal article" year="1934">Bryant (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected a new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DD16FB1B897B4633" authorityName="Newberry" authorityYear="1857" box="[277,581,1267,1293]" genus="Machaeracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DD16FB1B897B4633" box="[277,581,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Machaeracanthus minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for a spine from the Beartooth Butte Formation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C457F811FFC9B402DE01FAFF8945460F" box="[514,635,1303,1329]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFC9B402DEBAFAFF8BF9466A" author="Denison, R. H." pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref4003" refString="Denison, R. H. 1979. Acanthodii. Pp. 1 - 62 in H. - P. Schultze (ed.). Handbook of Paleoichthyology, Volume 5. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart and New York." type="book" year="1979">Denison (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered it to be a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DECFFAD28B834649" authorityName="Bryant" authorityYear="1932" class="Malacostraca" family="Ceratiocarididae" genus="Onchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penetrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DECFFAD28B834649" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">O. penetrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFC9B402DCC4FAB68ABF4646" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[199,385,1373,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="824 - 840" refId="ref3602" refString="Burrow, C. J. 2007. Early Devonian (Emsian) acanthodian faunas of the western USA. Journal of Paleontology 81 (5): 824 - 840." type="journal article" year="2007">Burrow (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D9288851FFC9B402DE6AFAB589E84649" box="[617,726,1373,1399]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the latter species could rather be an eroded specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DF0AFA698BD74683" baseAuthorityName="BRYANT" baseAuthorityYear="1934" family="Ischnacanthidae" genus="Bryantonchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peracutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DF0AFA698BD74683" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">B. peracutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but given some uncertainty due to the preservation, the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DD4BFA2F891C46DF" authorityName="Bryant" authorityYear="1932" box="[328,546,1479,1505]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ceratiocarididae" genus="Onchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penetrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DD4BFA2F891C46DF" box="[328,546,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Onchus penetrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is retained (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFC9B402DEC3FA2F8B8F453A" author="Burrow, C." pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref3669" refString="Burrow, C. 2021. Handbook of Paleoichthyology. Vol. 5. Acanthodii, Stem Chondrichthyes. Verlag Dr Friedrich Pfeil, Munich. 166 pp." type="book" year="2021">Burrow 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7E847663FFC9B402DD8DFA028906453A" box="[398,568,1514,1540]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1934D70FFC9B402DE46FA02881E453A" authorityName="NEWBERRY" authorityYear="1857" box="[581,800,1514,1540]" genus="Machaeracanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34E7EAE1FFC9B402DE46FA02881E453A" box="[581,800,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Machaeracanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only otherwise been recorded from the Emsian McColley Canyon Formation in the Early Devonian and the Red Hill Beds, Simpson Park Range,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C457F811FFC9B402DE72F9BB89F04553" box="[625,718,1619,1645]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the uppermost Middle Devonian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62024B02FFC9B402DDE5F99F895245AF" author="Reed, J. W." box="[486,620,1655,1681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="409 - 419" refId="ref4522" refString="Reed, J. W. 1986. The acanthodian genera Machaeracanthus and Persacanthus from the Devonian of Red Hill, Nevada. Geobios 19: 409 - 419." type="journal article" year="1986">Reed 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |