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<document id="9D1CBA7CADC267826C0152E99EDAFAC4" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701359218" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10097597" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629850596317" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2010" docId="0A49A339DF7A6036FE5DC124DBE8FA72" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.38.19.2455-2526.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (26)" docSource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930701359218" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Polysyncraton rostrum Kott 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2487" masterDocId="F670DB41DF5A6017FF85C278D97FFFBA" masterDocTitle="New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 2)" masterLastPageNumber="2526" masterPageNumber="2455" pageNumber="2486" updateTime="1699989112872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="93C2BA74B57D357E7C869FE32648C644">New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 2)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6696CA7C32FBE2E85CBF27608807E54C">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8442CEBC35EBF843F5A3F19048A03FA5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A641F585FED68F9C50AAC2D958061C95">
<mods:date id="A30BC6F1AB8E6CA9C89B9AF9BFD9950F">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B7B282A62920D2F73CEE6CB59C6ED2B3" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5CB1CA3D890F285483E910FD973096AF">2010-07-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5CE41FD798B7366AADFD9CA825BBE69D">38</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0AE5BE5E72FB55EBCB582F271463B810">26</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C316AA8632F2DC5CF939E8BF7DFE146A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A224E5FA42F205BE427A40158DD0AA3F" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930701359218</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4AE2D95850DDE69D68A9DAEB5D269C07" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0A49A339DF7A6036FE5DC124DBE8FA72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A49A339DF7A6036FE5DC124DBE8FA72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A49A339DF7A6036FE5DC124DBE8FA72" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="2487" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">
<subSubSection id="CAFA41A4DF7A6037FE5DC124DA3FFCCE" box="[472,832,860,884]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7A6037FE5DC124DA3FFCCE" blockId="32.[472,832,860,884]" box="[472,832,860,884]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">
<heading id="D917A543DF7A6037FE5DC124DA3FFCCE" box="[472,832,860,884]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7A6037FE5DC124DBA6FCCE" ID-CoL="6W772" authority="Kott, 2010" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2010" box="[472,729,860,884]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostrum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7A6037FE5DC124DBA6FCCE" bold="true" box="[472,729,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">Polysyncraton rostrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABA77346DF7A6037FD66C124DA3FFCCE" box="[739,832,860,884]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAFA41A4DF7A6036FDCCC104DB8FFF5F" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="2487" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" type="description">
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7A6037FDCCC104DBB0FC2E" blockId="32.[585,719,892,916]" box="[585,719,892,916]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">
(
<figureCitation id="1ADB0EAADF7A6037FDD5C104DBB8FC2E" box="[592,711,892,916]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="66.[154,170,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[290,977,178,1564]" captionTargetId="figure-0@66.[290,977,178,1566]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIG. 18. (A) Polysyncraton rostrum (QM G398628); (B) Polysyncraton tegetum (SAM E3213); (C) Polysyncraton textus (WAM 556.88); (D) Didemnum albopunctatum (QM G308627); (E) Didemnum candidum (WAM 557.88); (F) Didemnum congregatum (WAM 192.90); (G) Didemnum coralliforme (QM G308629); (H) Didemnum crescente (SAM E3208)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10126512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10126512/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">figure 18A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7A6037FF47C1D0DAA4FC65" blockId="32.[154,1111,935,1733]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7A6037FF47C1D0D830FC7A" box="[194,335,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">Distribution.</emphasis>
Type locality:
<collectingRegion id="4024DCCDDF7A6037FD89C1DFDB92FC05" box="[524,749,935,959]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
(South Shell I.,
<quantity id="4518BFCADF7A6037FC47C1DFDD6BFC05" box="[962,1044,935,959]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7–11 m</quantity>
, coll. B. Glasby and party,
<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF7A6037FE18C1BFDB7EFC65" box="[413,513,967,991]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
QM G308631;
<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF7A6037FD39C1BFDA5FFC65" box="[700,800,967,991]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
QM G308628).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7A6037FF47C191DA13FA0D" blockId="32.[154,1111,935,1733]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7A6037FF47C191D836FBBB" box="[194,329,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">Description.</emphasis>
The colonies are encrusting sheets, the
<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF7A6037FCC6C191DAD8FBBB" box="[835,935,1001,1025]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
pinkish white with some orange flecks in life and the
<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF7A6037FDFCC673DBA2FB99" box="[633,733,1035,1059]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is more yellowish beige overall with extensive orange patches. Both are white in preservative. Opaque white circles are around the common cloacal apertures. The lobes of the evenly distributed branchial apertures protrude from the surface like small daisies. A pointed, spicule-filled papillum projects from the surface at the base of each of the branchial lobes in the
<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF7A6037FEF4C6CBD8A7FB71" box="[369,472,1203,1227]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, although actual papillae are not present in the
<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF7A6037FB9FC6CBD9B1FB57" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The surface of the colony is raspy and hard with crowded spicules. Generally, the spicules are crowded throughout, although sometimes they are less crowded in the middle of the basal layer of test. Spicules are large (to
<quantity id="4518BFCADF7A6037FF1FC742D993FAE8" box="[154,236,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
diameter) and stellate with seven to nine sharply pointed conical rays in optical transverse section. The common cloacal cavity is thoracic and abdomina are crowded in the upper part of the basal layer of test. Terminal ampullae of the stolonic vessels are conspicuous in the basal layer of test.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7A6037FF47C7B9D801F9A6" blockId="32.[154,1111,935,1733]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">Zooids have a bifid atrial tongue and a retractor muscle projects from the top of the oesophageal neck. Three coils of the vas deferens surround about eight testis follicles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7A6037FF47C45EDA59F97E" blockId="32.[154,1111,935,1733]" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7A6037FF47C45ED852F984" box="[194,301,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">Remarks.</emphasis>
The size of the relatively large spicules with relatively few and sharply pointed rays are characteristic of this species. The spicules of
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7A6037FC32C430D806F93B" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sideris">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7A6037FC32C430D99FF93B" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">Polysyncraton sideris</emphasis>
Kott, 2001
</taxonomicName>
are similar but have a greater maximum diameter, and more coils of the vas deferens than the present species; and the spicules of
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7A6037FF1FC4D5D839F97F" box="[154,326,1709,1733]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuculliferum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7A6037FF1FC4D5D839F97F" box="[154,326,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="2486">P. cuculliferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are significantly smaller with more rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7B6036FE49C2D5DA29FF7F" blockId="33.[159,854,173,261]" box="[460,854,173,197]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7B6036FE49C2D5DA29FF7F" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[460,854,173,197]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tegetum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FE49C2D5DBB1FF7F" bold="true" box="[460,718,173,197]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Polysyncraton tegetum</emphasis>
Kott, 2001
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7B6036FDB7C2B5DB8FFF5F" blockId="33.[159,854,173,261]" box="[562,752,205,229]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">
(
<figureCitation id="1ADB0EAADF7B6036FDBFC2B5DBD3FF5F" box="[570,684,205,229]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[159,175,1261,1283]" captionTargetBox="[243,1034,174,1222]" captionTargetId="figure-110@31.[239,1037,170,1228]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 6. (A, B) Polysyncraton reticulum (SAM E2917). (A) Thorax; (B) abdomen. (C, D) Polysyncraton tegetum (SAM E3213). (C) Thorax; (D) larva. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10126486" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10126486/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">figures 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1ADB0EAADF7B6036FD39C2B5DB97FF5F" box="[700,744,205,229]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="66.[154,170,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[290,977,178,1564]" captionTargetId="figure-0@66.[290,977,178,1566]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIG. 18. (A) Polysyncraton rostrum (QM G398628); (B) Polysyncraton tegetum (SAM E3213); (C) Polysyncraton textus (WAM 556.88); (D) Didemnum albopunctatum (QM G308627); (E) Didemnum candidum (WAM 557.88); (F) Didemnum congregatum (WAM 192.90); (G) Didemnum coralliforme (QM G308629); (H) Didemnum crescente (SAM E3208)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10126512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10126512/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">18B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAFA41A4DF7B6036FF1AC295DA60FEBF" box="[159,799,237,261]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7B6036FF1AC295DA60FEBF" blockId="33.[159,854,173,261]" box="[159,799,237,261]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7B6036FF1AC295DB1CFEBF" ID-CoL="6VV6P" authority="Kott, 2001: 137" authorityName="Kott" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="2001" box="[159,611,237,261]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tegetum">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FF1AC295D8DEFEBF" box="[159,417,237,261]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Polysyncraton tegetum</emphasis>
Kott, 2001: 137
</taxonomicName>
and synonymy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CAFA41A4DF7B6036FF42C361DBE8FA72" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7B6036FF42C361DD5DFEEB" blockId="33.[159,1116,281,1480]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FF42C361D82AFE8B" box="[199,341,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Distribution.</emphasis>
Previously recorded (see Kott, 2001):
<collectingRegion id="4024DCCDDF7B6036FCC7C361DD7FFE8B" box="[834,1024,281,305]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(Great Australian Bight). New record:
<collectingRegion id="4024DCCDDF7B6036FD90C341DBB1FEEB" box="[533,718,313,337]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(Kangaroo I., SAM E3213).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7B6036FF42C322DD7FFD02" blockId="33.[159,1116,281,1480]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FF42C322D831FEC8" box="[199,334,346,370]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Description.</emphasis>
The newly recorded colony is sheet-like with a smooth surface, slightly blotchy reddish tan in life and orange in preservative. Zooids are orange. Spicules are not particularly crowded. They are scattered in the superficial layer of test where they are mixed with pigment cells. They are present also through the zooid layer but are absent from the basal quarter of the colony, where the test is transparent. The colony is very tough and the zooids are impossible to remove from it. Neither common cloacal apertures nor common cloacal cavity were detected in the newly recorded specimen. The spicules (to
<quantity id="4518BFCADF7B6036FF1AC027D873FDCD" box="[159,268,607,631]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" unit="mm" value="0.075">0.075 mm</quantity>
diameter) are stellate, with chisel-tipped or conical pointed rays. Some of the smaller spicules have as few as seven rays in optical transverse section but some of the larger ones have as many as 13, often chisel-tipped rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7B6036FF42C0B9DA05FB18" blockId="33.[159,1116,281,1480]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Zooids have a moderately long, cylindrical branchial siphon. The atrial aperture is a wide opening with a broad flat-tipped anterior lip. A fine retractor muscle projects from halfway down the oesophageal neck. About eight stigmata are in the anterior row but these could not be counted accurately. The gut forms a simple vertical loop, the pole of the loop flexed ventrally only when gonads mature. Buds are attached to the oesophageal neck by relatively long stolons. Mature testis follicles (about five) with seven coils of the vas deferens were detected in only one of the zooids examined. A large egg often is present at the posterior end of the abdomen of the newly recorded specimen, some embryos are being incubated in the basal test, and a few larvae are being liberated through the colony surface. Larvae are robust, almost spherical with the tail wound the whole way around the 0.5 mm-long trunk. Four lateral ampullae are along each side of the three antero-median adhesive organs and an external ampulla projects almost vertically from the neck behind the adhesive array on the left side. Four rows of stigmata are in the larval pharynx.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7B6036FF42C6D3DA0AFADC" blockId="33.[159,1116,281,1480]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FF42C6D3D84DFB79" box="[199,306,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Remarks.</emphasis>
The large zooids of the newly recorded colony with their broad flat-tipped atrial tongues are identical with those figured by Kott (2001: figure 68B, C) for this species. The chisel-shaped tips of the spicule rays resemble those found in many species of
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7B6036FD98C775DBCFFA9F" authorityName="Bjerkan" authorityYear="1905" box="[541,688,1293,1317]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FD98C775DBCFFA9F" box="[541,688,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but are not known in other species of
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7B6036FF46C756D81DFAFC" authorityName="Nott" authorityYear="1892" box="[195,354,1326,1350]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FF46C756D81DFAFC" box="[195,354,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the large zooids, vertical gut loops and four rows of stigmata in the larval pharynx are characteristic of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="825F122FDF7B6036FF42C717DBE8FA72" blockId="33.[159,1116,281,1480]" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">
As with some other specimens from Kangaroo I. in this collection (
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7B6036FC7DC717D848FA12" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comitus">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FC7DC717D848FA12" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">Leptoclinides comitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF7B6036FECCC7E8D8A2FA12" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[329,477,1424,1448]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF7B6036FECCC7E8D8A2FA12" box="[329,477,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="2487">L. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the maximum-sized spicule is only half the diameter of that previously recorded for the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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