172 lines
20 KiB
XML
172 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="30C683E6F6173A986BD7785271F2E53B" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701359218" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10097597" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629850596317" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2010" docId="0A49A339DF42600EFE51C005DA12F97E" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.38.19.2455-2526.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 38 (26)" docSource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930701359218" docStyle="DocumentStyle:443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138.2:JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="443144A73DAE3E092C51A378E4CD0138" docStyleName="JNatHist.2003-2004.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Polysyncraton galaxum Kott 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2479" masterDocId="F670DB41DF5A6017FF85C278D97FFFBA" masterDocTitle="New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 2)" masterLastPageNumber="2526" masterPageNumber="2455" pageNumber="2478" updateTime="1699989112872" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CEBBF952C4CD968BEBAA81BE0F25E408">
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<mods:title id="E14AE02A94128F617E62965FC40EF716">New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 2)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="969EE826C32BB0FC6F7BB2B41B196ADB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A798202F6799E56AFC36DB9D580A13DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="19B79CDF105D1F9C014BD8D4BD684B63">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5FF086697F0D5B6EDDE966D1B28E5344">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4EAD45005D3E30DCED217C20738B39A8">
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<mods:date id="30EBEAB94879E829EC0420573BD15587">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0DED64474B4952664A059DB8E6C8329F">2010-07-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="919C63422F9F2D8F1BD7D1343D3F748E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="99B102B537628A55F49B290F7F38A997">38</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4E0C1098560BBF3430296D19530C72B3" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="105A0EB1BBE6D65DE149E3B6B17830CA">26</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B4F70B148399C324303A8A308C64A453">2455</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2197C8B3A8E242B9721FFD269BA03385">2526</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="E3188A91457065B9AF5C50DBA6C4C4F1">
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<mods:url id="76C5CC04BED403C9970C2DC91B5C0F3A">https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00222930701359218</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F17502E15E5AC0E9ABDE926DAD296846">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5B026EFEE49BDFA464FB1DE243A1ED30" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930701359218</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52B20673A9365EAC4EF749265D3D7B79" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A71DB08DF6BB5215C4EAAE254F32EDD6" type="Zenodo-Dep">10097597</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0A49A339DF42600EFE51C005DA12F97E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A49A339DF42600EFE51C005DA12F97E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A49A339DF42600EFE51C005DA12F97E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="2479" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">
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<subSubSection id="CAFA41A4DF42600FFE51C005DA3AFD2F" box="[468,837,637,661]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="825F122FDF42600FFE51C005DA3AFD2F" blockId="24.[468,837,637,661]" box="[468,837,637,661]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">
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<heading id="D917A543DF42600FFE51C005DA3AFD2F" box="[468,837,637,661]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF42600FFE51C005DBA2FD2F" ID-CoL="4LP92" authority="Kott, 2010" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2010" box="[468,733,637,661]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galaxum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF42600FFE51C005DBA2FD2F" bold="true" box="[468,733,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">Polysyncraton galaxum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABA77346DF42600FFD6DC005DA3AFD2F" box="[744,837,637,661]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CAFA41A4DF42600EFDB0C0E5DA12F97E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="2479" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" type="description">
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<paragraph id="825F122FDF42600FFDB0C0E5DB9BFD0F" blockId="24.[565,740,669,693]" box="[565,740,669,693]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1ADB0EAADF42600FFDB9C0E5DBE2FD0F" box="[572,669,669,693]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[159,175,1212,1234]" captionTargetBox="[163,1114,173,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-176@25.[159,1117,170,1179]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 4. Polysyncraton galaxum [(A) SAM E3200; (B–D) SAM E2927]. (A, B) Thoraces; (C) abdomen; (D) larva. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A–C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10126482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10126482/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">figures 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1ADB0EAADF42600FFD29C0E5DBA3FD0F" box="[684,732,669,693]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="65.[159,175,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[295,982,178,1564]" captionTargetId="figure-0@65.[295,982,178,1566]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIG. 17. (A) Polysyncraton galaxum (SAM E2927); (B) Polysyncraton longitubis (SAM E2929); (C) Polysyncraton montanum (SAM E3224); (D) Polysyncraton peristroma (QM G308608); (E) Polysyncraton pseudomagnetae (QM G308612); (F) Polysyncraton pseudorugosum (QM G308600); (G) Polysyncraton reticulum (SAM E2917); (H) Polysyncraton rica (SAM E3216)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10126510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10126510/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">17A</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="825F122FDF42600FFF47C0B1D88FFCDB" blockId="24.[154,1111,713,1732]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF42600FFF47C0B1D830FD5B" box="[194,335,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Type localities:
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<collectingRegion id="4024DCCDDF42600FFDA0C0B1DB9BFD5B" box="[549,740,713,737]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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(Kangaroo I. W of Western River Cave, Pissy Boy Rock, The Amphitheatre on rock wall
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<quantity id="4518BFCADF42600FFC09C090DA93FCBA" box="[908,1004,744,768]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" unit="m" value="15.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="14.0">14–17 m</quantity>
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, coll. K. Gowlett Holmes,
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<date id="F65E34EFDF42600FFEE9C171DB32FC9B" box="[364,589,777,801]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" value="2001-11-28">28 November 2001</date>
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,
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<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF42600FFDD8C171DBBEFC9B" box="[605,705,777,801]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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SAM E3200),
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<collectingRegion id="4024DCCDDF42600FFCF2C171DA98FC9B" box="[887,999,777,801]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
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(Tasman Peninsula, Fortescue Bay, Cape Havy,
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<quantity id="4518BFCADF42600FFDEFC151DBB5FCFB" box="[618,714,809,833]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">18–20 m</quantity>
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, coll. K. Gowlett Holmes,
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<date id="F65E34EFDF42600FFB8AC151D9ADFCDB" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" value="1998-07-02">2 July 1998</date>
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,
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<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF42600FFF64C131D83AFCDB" box="[225,325,841,865]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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SAM E2927).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="825F122FDF42600FFF47C111DA94FA39" blockId="24.[154,1111,713,1732]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF42600FFF47C111D836FC3B" box="[194,329,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">Description.</emphasis>
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Both colonies are firm, flat, encrusting sheets, white with a tinge of pinkish orange in preservative. Small common cloacal apertures in the centre of zooid-free areas about
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<quantity id="4518BFCADF42600FFE54C1D1DB7BFC7B" box="[465,516,937,961]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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apart have frilled margins or are contracted into a cross. Each opening is surrounded by thick spicule-filled radial ribs in the roof of the common cloacal cavity beneath it. Orange pigment particles, especially crowded, mixed with the spicules around each common cloacal aperture in the
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<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF42600FFC71C672DD28FB98" box="[1012,1111,1034,1058]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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colony, fade to pale pinkish orange further away from the openings. On the remain- der of the upper surface, away from the common cloacal apertures, are evenly spaced branchial apertures with their margins outlined with spicules. The surface layer of test is relatively thick with the anterior end of each zooid in a concavity in its under surface. The common cloacal cavity is a shallow, horizontal space at thoracic level, its shallowness contributing to the firmness of the colony. A short test strip is associated with the ventrum of each thorax as it crosses the common cloacal cavity. Abdomina are embedded in the basal test. Spicules are stellate, with five to seven conical pointed rays in optical transverse section and are crowded throughout. They are of two sizes, the larger ones to
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<quantity id="4518BFCADF42600FFC3AC733DD61FAD9" box="[959,1054,1355,1379]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" unit="mm" value="0.06">0.06 mm</quantity>
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diameter and the smaller and more numerous ones only to about
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||
<quantity id="4518BFCADF42600FFC01C713DA98FA39" box="[900,999,1387,1411]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="825F122FDF42600FFF47C7F3DBADF97E" blockId="24.[154,1111,713,1732]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478">
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Zooids are relatively small. An atrial lip from the anterior rim of the opening is especially long on those zooids in the vicinity of the common cloacal apertures. Large, circular saucer-shaped lateral organs are on each side of the thorax. Eight stigmata are in the anterior row in the branchial sac, reducing to six in the posterior row. Five coils of the vas deferens surround four or five testis follicles in the
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<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF42600FFB9EC474D9B5F9FE" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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colony, although gonads are not present in the Tasmanian specimen. Also, robust larvae are in the basal test of the
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<typeStatus id="5D5BAC8DDF42600FFDF5C434DBA8F9DE" box="[624,727,1612,1636]" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
. The larval trunk is
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||
<quantity id="4518BFCADF42600FFC46C434DD6AF9DE" box="[963,1045,1612,1636]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="2478" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
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long, the tail is wound almost the whole way around it, 12 lateral ampullae are along each side of the three antero-median adhesive organs and a large, thick, external horizontal ampulla is on the left side of the trunk.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D69F42A7DF43600EFF1AC6C4DAAAFB57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10126482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10126482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10126482/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" startId="25.[159,175,1212,1234]" targetBox="[163,1114,173,1174]" targetPageId="25">
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<paragraph id="825F122FDF43600EFF1AC6C4DAAAFB57" blockId="25.[159,1116,1212,1261]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">
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FIG. 4.
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<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFF7CC6C5D88FFB68" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2010" box="[249,496,1213,1234]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galaxum">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFF7CC6C5D88FFB68" box="[249,496,1213,1234]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">Polysyncraton galaxum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[(A) SAM E3200; (B–D) SAM E2927]. (A, B) Thoraces; (C) abdomen; (D) larva. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A–C); 0.5 mm (D).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="825F122FDF43600EFF42C773DAA3F9BE" blockId="25.[159,1116,1291,1732]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFF42C773D84DFA99" box="[199,306,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The species has spicules with fewer rays than any of the few species in this genus (
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFED7C753D805FAF9" box="[338,378,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">e.g.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFE0DC753DBD7FAF9" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[392,680,1323,1347]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuicutis">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFE0DC753DB66FAF9" box="[392,537,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">P. tenuicutis</emphasis>
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Kott, 2001
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFD6AC753DD67FAF9" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[751,1048,1323,1347]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubitapum">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFD6AC753DAF8FAF9" box="[751,903,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">P. rubitapum</emphasis>
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Kott, 2001
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</taxonomicName>
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) that have stellate spicules in two conspicuously different size ranges. Also, it is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFEC2C713D8A1FA39" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[327,478,1387,1411]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubitapum">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFEC2C713D8A1FA39" box="[327,478,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">P. rubitapum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its more numerous larval lateral ampullae.
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<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFB9AC713DB53FA19" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tasmanense">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFB9AC713D8E6FA1E" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">Polysyncraton tasmanense</emphasis>
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Kott, 2001
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</taxonomicName>
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has similar but larger spicules (to
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<quantity id="4518BFCADF43600EFC6AC7F3DD23FA19" box="[1007,1116,1419,1443]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" unit="mm" value="0.114">0.114 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) with more rays.
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||
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFE62C7D4DA58FA7E" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[487,807,1452,1476]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microthoracicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFE62C7D4DA58FA7E" box="[487,807,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">Didemnum microthoracicum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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has large and small spicules, but although they have the same number of rays as the present species, they reach nearly twice the size (the larger ones to
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<quantity id="4518BFCADF43600EFD7BC794DA22F9BE" box="[766,861,1516,1540]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
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||
diameter).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="825F122FDF43600EFF42C474DA12F97E" blockId="25.[159,1116,1291,1732]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">
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The common cloacal apertures in the present species are surrounded by zooids, and do not occur at the junctions of circular canals, as they do in so many species in the
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<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFE25C434DB50F9DE" box="[416,559,1612,1636]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Didemnidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
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<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFDC4C434DAA0F9DE" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[577,991,1612,1636]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaucum">
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<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFDC4C434DA33F9DE" box="[577,844,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">Polysyncraton glaucum</emphasis>
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Kott, 2001
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFC77C434D80EF93E" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFC77C434D99FF93E" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">P. multiforme</emphasis>
|
||
Kott, 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFE06C414DB94F93E" authority="Monniot, 1993" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1993" box="[387,747,1644,1668]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pavimentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFE06C414DB50F93E" box="[387,559,1644,1668]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">P. pavimentum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E6716FDEDF43600EFDB9C414DB94F93E" author="MONNIOT, F." box="[572,747,1644,1668]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref32565" refString="MONNIOT, F., 1993, Ascidies de Nouvelle-Caledonie XIII. Le genre Polysyncraton (Didemnidae), Bulletin Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, serie 4, 15 A (1 - 4), 3 - 17." type="journal article" year="1993">Monniot, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAF752BFDF43600EFCE7C414DD7FF93E" box="[866,1024,1644,1668]" name="New Zealand" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45E069ACDF43600EFF1AC4F5D88EF91E" authority="Brewin, 1956" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1956" box="[159,497,1676,1701]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithostrotum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B094CE3DDF43600EFF1AC4F5D833F91F" box="[159,332,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2479">P. lithostrotum</emphasis>
|
||
Brewin, 1956
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have similar common cloacal systems, however, all of these species have more spicule rays than the present one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |