346 lines
52 KiB
XML
346 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="D2A1C85B19449CAB82919613C912B90E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9943d261-0081-4d52-a541-06ae75850079" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3734408" ID-ZooBank="1BFE0DC7-AFBF-4927-92D5-8F1B65008133" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585657926034" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Last, Peter R. & Pogonoski, John J." docDate="2020" docId="AD3E87814853337BFF63AFB4D30C00F2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4758.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4758 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Euclichthys McCulloch 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="236" masterDocId="5107FFF94850337EFFF4AE21D2700201" masterDocTitle="Revision of the fish family Euclichthyidae (Pisces: Gadiformes) with the description of two new species from the Western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="256" masterPageNumber="231" pageNumber="234" updateTime="1698733571121" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="F20C122C95B87C52096DF4C29353DDA3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="23EEDE7379A48601F3CBB461EB8A49B8">
|
||
<mods:title id="7239F98BC3093103E755816C7D5AEE00">Revision of the fish family Euclichthyidae (Pisces: Gadiformes) with the description of two new species from the Western Pacific</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="2ACE4CB9BA0DB28931BAFC0091C1DF63" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4BBAFF0961D023F108EDE1262BCB8263">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="45FCCCCF46E0B433E39A81D2679B8E5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="05D58B74CD2BF7FA9D33F55E237E8133">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="62BD2173A4C2A7FF4086AB6E93D6DC42" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="746A94A7F9D8A1AF22CABF99E3FD0BA0">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CD9A334349BDCA437078B7456F752908">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4881462783C788BB6C7B20857001E3F7">Pogonoski, John J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E40D2D654276E777697BDEF03686B8D5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2C5B422076321252F457D1BC25BF4936" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CC235B1ED077D281BE0EE49DAF37178F">
|
||
<mods:title id="2FE45BC39B56DD9D92A28B25840620E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="9711C73B6E8F498811C51CAA0443CF3E">
|
||
<mods:date id="8AA6EC0E60BA3B2EED5D84FAB9368827">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="73BDDE6FE83EF244291244544FADAA27" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="F82D21F49D08A87B3596C77219082536">2020-03-30</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D63B958E714156E1C948B69B92D7F9AE" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="33DFEEECC48158560761F90FD62BD1ED">4758</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B93FD4A7EA2A0C54DDD4D03C18E69AFC" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="594470DC58FD116D81889C8F9CB478BA">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="5E81280DBF0A6B4197A393D9807DB26F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="2DC7FA77A286EBCFE9F2EF87EA663CCE">231</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="3319F83A0D3984607BC5DF3FE9CD56C1">256</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="98EA1AEFFD81B67373B8DA9441C54687">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BCCAC99BFD263965963DC2D505F9A4FE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CFEE46134B710DC2FBF3A443950ACD29" type="GBIF-Dataset">9943d261-0081-4d52-a541-06ae75850079</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B54345407D47A3704607CC2704C9F63E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F9ECFDD553466C2AD23C578B85DC36D8" type="Zenodo-Dep">3734408</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B8580B6FCB102FFB5751549D9DB73019" type="ZooBank">1BFE0DC7-AFBF-4927-92D5-8F1B65008133</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="AD3E87814853337BFF63AFB4D30C00F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812367" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163417923" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3812367" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD3E87814853337BFF63AFB4D30C00F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD3E87814853337BFF63AFB4D30C00F2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<subSubSection id="6D8D651C4853337DFF63AFB4D06003AE" box="[151,528,405,432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974853337DFF63AFB4D06003AE" blockId="3.[151,528,405,432]" box="[151,528,405,432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<heading id="7E6081FB4853337DFF63AFB4D06003AE" bold="true" box="[151,528,405,432]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854853337DFF63AFB4D06003AE" bold="true" box="[151,528,405,432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144853337DFF1AAFB4D06003AE" ID-CoL="4F8M" ID-ENA="630725" authority="McCulloch" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[238,528,405,432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854853337DFF1AAFB4D30D03B1" bold="true" box="[238,381,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
McCulloch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6D8D651C4853337DFF63AFF8D72E03F0" box="[151,1374,472,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974853337DFF63AFF8D72E03F0" blockId="3.[151,1374,472,498]" box="[151,1374,472,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="058711B94853337DFF63AFF8D72E03F0" box="[151,1374,472,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A43610864853337DFF63AFF8D38803F0" author="McCulloch, A. R." box="[151,504,472,497]" page="174" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" year="1926">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144853337DFF63AFF8D38803F0" ID-CoL="4F8M" authority="McCulloch, 1926: 174" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityPageNumber="174" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,504,472,497]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854853337DFF63AFF8D37D03F0" box="[151,269,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664853337DFEE0AFF9D38803F0" author="McCulloch, A. R." box="[276,504,472,497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" pagination="157 - 216" refId="ref20322" refString="McCulloch, A. R. (1926) Report on some fishes obtained by the F. I. S. " Endeavour " on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South and South-Western Australia. Part V. Biological Results " Endeavour ", 5 (4), 157 - 216." type="journal article" year="1926">McCulloch, 1926: 174</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(masculine;
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA2C88354853337DFD8FAFFBD0D703F3" box="[635,679,474,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144853337DFD09AFF8D62E03F0" ID-CoL="3BTWM" authority="McCulloch" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[765,1118,472,497]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polynemus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854853337DFD09AFF8D19503F0" box="[765,997,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">Euclichthys polynemus</emphasis>
|
||
McCulloch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by original designation).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6D8D651C4853337AFF63AC3ED357003E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974853337DFF63AC3ED0B80038" blockId="3.[151,1437,543,2010]" box="[151,712,543,570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854853337DFF63AC3ED362003B" bold="true" box="[151,274,543,570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Monotypic, as for definition of family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974853337DFF33AC62D30500A4" blockId="3.[151,1437,543,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854853337DFF33AC62D3E8005F" bold="true" box="[199,408,579,606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">General features.</emphasis>
|
||
D1 1, 11–15, D2 67–88; A 1, 78–102; P 19–23; V 6; C 30–45; primary gill rakers 4–6 + 12–19 = 17–25, 0–1 rudiments on upper limb, 0–3 rudiments on lower limb; vertebrae 14–17 abdominal + 49–56 caudal, total 64–73.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974853337DFF33AC8ED3D506C0" blockId="3.[151,1437,543,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Body strongly compressed, tapering in width and depth beyond anus; slender, greatest depth
|
||
<quantity id="E26F9B724853337DFB25AC8ED75D00C8" box="[1233,1325,687,714]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3335" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.143" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" unit="in" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6 in</quantity>
|
||
SL. Head relatively small, compressed, length 4.4–6.4 and width between preopercles 9–13 times in SL, respectively; snout rounded anteriorly, horizontal length subequal or shorter than eye diameter; head partly scaled with shallow scale pockets (usually damaged), bones fine and skin thin; scales on isthmus usually intact, smaller than those of upper head; deep sensory canal extending from snout, around suborbit and posterior eye, additional canals associated with preopercles, outer part of lower jaw and extending posteriorly along lateral margin of nape from posterior eye. Mouth moderate in size (maxilla length
|
||
<quantity id="E26F9B724853337DFDACADA9D0B901A0" box="[600,713,903,930]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.571999999999999" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" unit="in" value="1.7999999999999998" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.9 in</quantity>
|
||
head length), subterminal, directed upward; upper jaw terminating more or less beneath posterior margin of eye. Teeth in both jaws small, villiform, similar in size and shape, in multiple irregular rows; rows not joined at symphysis of upper jaw. Nostrils small, located near anterior margin of orbit and slightly above horizontal through middle of eye; anterior aperture suboval, not tubular nor elevated into a broad flap, smaller than posterior aperture. Eye relatively large, diameter 3.1–4.0 in head length, orbit subcircular with slightly raised margin; interorbital space very slightly convex, narrow,
|
||
<quantity id="E26F9B724853337DFBFFAA1AD60F0654" box="[1035,1151,1083,1109]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.429" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" unit="in" value="1.35" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.6 in</quantity>
|
||
eye diameter. Opercular bones delicate; gill openings united ventrally below centre of orbit. Gill rakers long, slender, flattened slightly with fine lingual denticles. Innermost edge of first arch, and 2nd–4th arches with much shorter, apically thickened rakers set with small denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974853337DFF33AAEAD3D407E3" blockId="3.[151,1437,543,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Otolith size medium (length to at least
|
||
<quantity id="E26F9B724853337DFD8BAAEDD0AA06E7" box="[639,730,1228,1254]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), oval (terminology following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664853337DFBC7AAEAD77806E7" author="Furlani, D. & Gales, R. & Pemberton, D." box="[1075,1288,1227,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234" refId="ref19180" refString="Furlani, D., Gales, R. & Pemberton, D. (2007) Otoliths of common Australian temperate fish: a photographic guide. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, 208 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643098459" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Furlani
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854853337DFB7FAAEDD6CD06E7" box="[1163,1213,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); dorsal margin sinuate to almost entire; ventral margin weakly lobed, sinuate or almost entire; sulcus homosulcoid or weakly heterosulcoid, openings ostial or osteo-caudal; colliculi roughly equal in size; collum broad (slightly narrower to slightly more than half height of cauda), pseudocolliculum sometimes distinct, in ventral part of collum; crista superior weak to well developed, usually prominent, dorsal area depression usually evident, crista inferior similarly developed; rostrum short and broad to barely discernible, antirostrum poorly developed; excisura narrow to broad, notch small to rudimentary; pseudoexcisura prominent, narrow to absent; ventral area groove present, or absent (sometimes very weak).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974853337DFF33ABCAD6420548" blockId="3.[151,1437,543,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">Dorsal fins barely separated; first dorsal fin taller and much shorter based than second dorsal fin; unpaired fins partly enveloped in a sheath of skin. First dorsal fin originating above pectoral-fin base; first ray very short and spinous, rays 2–5 longest. Second dorsal-fin contour tallest anteriorly then tapering in height to form a shallow notch posteriorly (some penultimate rays of fin slightly longer than those anteriorly). Most of unpaired fins covered by thin fleshy sheaths; fin rays unconnected by membranes distal to sheath. Pelvic fins jugular, inserted ventrally slightly forward of vertical through posterior margin of preopercle; longest ray reaching to or beyond anus. Pectoral fins relatively short, tips not reaching origin of anal fin; proximal half of pectoral fin not encased in a fleshy sheath. Anal-fin rays of anterior part shorter than longest rays of first dorsal fin; longest posterior rays of second dorsal fin exceeding longest rays of posterior part of anal fin. Anus and origin of anal fin closely adjacent. Caudal peduncle short, slender, strongly compressed, usually less than half length of orbit diameter.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974853337AFF33A972D7130342" blockId="3.[151,1437,543,2010]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="3" pageNumber="234">Caudal fin asymmetrical, mid-lower branched rays longest; ventral procurrent and unbranched rays more numerous and extending more anteriorly than those of dorsal part of fin; fin covered by very thin sheath of skin; upper procurrent + unbranched rays 5–12, upper branched (segmented) rays 9–13, lower branched (segmented) rays 5–8, lower procurrent + unbranched rays 8–17. Caudal skeleton consisting of two fused hypurals associated with the first preural centrum (and first ural centrum) and fused hypurals 3–5 associated with a second ural centrum; uroneural present; two epurals; parahypural present; 1–2 neural spines and 1–2 hemal spines on preural centrum 2; X and Y accessory caudal bones present or absent, inter- and intraspecifically variable (i.e. absent in two species, mostly present in third species); anteriormost upper procurrent ray originating near tips of neural spines of pre-ural vertebrae 6–10; anteriormost lower procurrent ray originating near tips of hemal spines of pre-ural vertebrae 7–12.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974854337AFF33AF6CD66C038A" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Body covered with small, highly deciduous cycloid scales with delicate scale pockets; scales absent from jaws, fin sheaths and over branchiostegal membranes; lateral line pores indeterminate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974854337AFF33AFB4D08F03F6" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Upper body whitish to silvery, areas of dark luminous tissue ventrally on head, belly and around anus; pelvic-fin rays dark; margins of dorsal fin, caudal fin and parts of anal fin sometimes black, remainder of fins pale to translucent; scale pocket membranes demarcated when intact.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974854337AFF33AC21D357003E" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFF33AC21D355001A" bold="true" box="[199,293,512,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFED9AC20D08C001A" authority="McCulloch, 1926" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[301,764,513,539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polynemus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFED9AC20D040001A" box="[301,560,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys polynemus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFDC3AC20D08C001A" author="McCulloch, A. R." box="[567,764,513,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="157 - 216" refId="ref20322" refString="McCulloch, A. R. (1926) Report on some fishes obtained by the F. I. S. " Endeavour " on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South and South-Western Australia. Part V. Biological Results " Endeavour ", 5 (4), 157 - 216." type="journal article" year="1926">McCulloch, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFC08AC23D6C7001A" authority="Last & Pogonoski, 2020" authorityName="Last & Pogonoski" authorityYear="2020" box="[1020,1207,513,539]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdorsalis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFC08AC23D6C7001A" box="[1020,1207,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. microdorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CD057FE4854337AFB4AAC20D766001A" box="[1214,1302,513,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFAB9AC23D2B9003E" authority="Last & Pogonoski, 2020" authorityName="Last & Pogonoski" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robertsi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFAB9AC23D2B9003E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. robertsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CD057FE4854337AFF24AC04D357003E" box="[208,295,549,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6D8D651C4854337BFF33AC68D30C00F2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974854337AFF33AC68D12201A6" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFF33AC68D34B0062" bold="true" box="[199,315,585,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Family interrelationships of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFD47AC68D12B0062" authorityName="Cohen" authorityYear="1984" box="[691,859,585,611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Euclichthyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been fully resolved with the group comprising a monotypic genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFE26AC4CD0250086" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[466,597,621,647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFE26AC4CD0250086" box="[466,597,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFD91AC4CD1590086" author="Svetovidov, A. N." box="[613,809,621,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="1824 - 1831" refId="ref21100" refString="Svetovidov, A. N. (1969) On the systematic position of Euclichthys (Pisces, Gadiformes). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 48 (12), 1824 - 1831." type="journal article" year="1969">Svetovidov 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFCC2AC4CD1B30086" box="[822,963,621,647]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cohen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFCC2AC4CD1B30086" author="Cohen, D. M." box="[822,963,621,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="259 - 265" refId="ref18855" refString="Cohen, D. M. (1984) Gadiformes: overview. In: Moser, H. G. (Ed.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication, 1, pp. 259 - 265." type="journal article" year="1984">Cohen 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFC24AC4CD62A0086" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[976,1114,621,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="81 - 126" refId="ref20515" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1983) A revision of the family Moridae (Pisces: Anacanthini) within the New Zealand region. National Museum of New Zealand records, 2 (9), 81 - 126." type="journal article" year="1983">Paulin 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFB93AC4CD7000086" author="Roberts, C. D. & Paulin, C. D." box="[1127,1392,621,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref20843" refString="Roberts, C. D. & Paulin, C. D. (1997) First record of the Eucla cod, Euclichthys polynemus McCulloch, (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii, Euclichthyidae) from New Caledonia, southwest Pacific Ocean, with notes on morphological characters. In: Seret, B. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 17. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 174, pp. 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1997">Roberts & Paulin 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In erecting his new family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFE46ACB0D02000AA" box="[434,592,657,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cohen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFE46ACB0D02000AA" author="Cohen, D. M." box="[434,592,657,683]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="259 - 265" refId="ref18855" refString="Cohen, D. M. (1984) Gadiformes: overview. In: Moser, H. G. (Ed.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication, 1, pp. 259 - 265." type="journal article" year="1984">Cohen (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
wrote: “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFD4CACB0D14B00AA" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[696,827,657,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFD4CACB0D14B00AA" box="[696,827,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 137), represented by a single South Australian and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5D8076074854337AFF33AC94D32E00CE" box="[199,350,693,719]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species, was incorrectly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFD12AC94D13500CE" authorityName="Moreau" authorityYear="1881" box="[742,837,693,719]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Moridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Moridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
but removed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFBF1AC94D6A900D1" author="Svetovidov, A. N." box="[1029,1241,693,720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="1824 - 1831" refId="ref21100" refString="Svetovidov, A. N. (1969) On the systematic position of Euclichthys (Pisces, Gadiformes). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 48 (12), 1824 - 1831." type="journal article" year="1969">Svetovidov (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who pointed out some similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFE83ACF8D07A00F2" box="[375,522,729,755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Macrouridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFDE7ACF8D0E600F2" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[531,662,729,755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFDE7ACF8D0E600F2" box="[531,662,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be placed in any currently recognized family. It has a free first neural spine, which may indicate an origin prior to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFD2CACDCD11A0116" authorityName="Von Rath" authorityYear="1859" box="[728,874,765,791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Palaeogadus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFD2CACDCD11A0116" box="[728,874,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Palaeogadus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lacks an otophysic connection, has four hypurals nearly fused to two, and in two specimens has only one of the X–Y bones. As in morids, which are more specialized than macrourids and could not have given rise to them,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFCF0AD64D1F7015E" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[772,903,837,863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFCF0AD64D1F7015E" box="[772,903,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an asymmetrical, rather reduced caudal fin. Perhaps this curious fish is a modern representative of a macrourid progenitor.” These characters were subsequently used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFF01ADACD07801A6" author="Roberts, C. D. & Paulin, C. D." box="[245,520,909,935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref20843" refString="Roberts, C. D. & Paulin, C. D. (1997) First record of the Eucla cod, Euclichthys polynemus McCulloch, (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii, Euclichthyidae) from New Caledonia, southwest Pacific Ocean, with notes on morphological characters. In: Seret, B. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 17. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 174, pp. 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1997">Roberts & Paulin (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a diagnosis of the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974854337AFF33AD90D0870636" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">
|
||
The first neural spine of many gadiforms is closely adpressed to the occipital crest (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFB85AD90D68C01CA" box="[1137,1276,945,971]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cohen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFB85AD90D68C01CA" author="Cohen, D. M." box="[1137,1276,945,971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="259 - 265" refId="ref18855" refString="Cohen, D. M. (1984) Gadiformes: overview. In: Moser, H. G. (Ed.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication, 1, pp. 259 - 265." type="journal article" year="1984">Cohen 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and this condition was observed in material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFDEBADF4D0D201EE" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[543,674,981,1007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFDEBADF4D0D201EE" box="[543,674,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined for this study. In some gadiforms, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFB0EADF4D7E601EE" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1880" box="[1274,1430,981,1007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenolepididae" genus="Muraenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFB0EADF4D7E601EE" box="[1274,1430,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Muraenolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the first neural spine is free and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFDF2ADD8D0D20612" box="[518,674,1017,1043]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cohen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFDF2ADD8D0D20612" author="Cohen, D. M." box="[518,674,1017,1043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="259 - 265" refId="ref18855" refString="Cohen, D. M. (1984) Gadiformes: overview. In: Moser, H. G. (Ed.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication, 1, pp. 259 - 265." type="journal article" year="1984">Cohen (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggested that this condition applied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFB9AADD8D6810612" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[1134,1265,1017,1043]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFB9AADD8D6810612" box="[1134,1265,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this character seems variable and needs further evaluation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974854337AFF33AA60D634040A" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">
|
||
The caudal-fin skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFE0BAA60D0F2065A" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[511,642,1089,1115]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFE0BAA60D0F2065A" box="[511,642,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been illustrated and photographed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFB99AA60D774065A" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[1133,1284,1089,1115]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="81 - 126" refId="ref20515" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1983) A revision of the family Moridae (Pisces: Anacanthini) within the New Zealand region. National Museum of New Zealand records, 2 (9), 81 - 126." type="journal article" year="1983">Paulin (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 5C) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFF63AA44D347067E" author="Markle, D. F." box="[151,311,1125,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="59 - 88" refId="ref20132" refString="Markle, D. F. (1989) Aspects of character homology and phylogeny of the Gadiformes. In: Cohen, D. M. (Ed.), Papers on the systematics of gadiform fishes, 32. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, pp. 59 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1989">Markle (1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 16), respectively and our findings are in general agreement with the literature.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFB0BAA44D7EC067E" box="[1279,1436,1125,1151]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cohen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFB0BAA44D7EC067E" author="Cohen, D. M." box="[1279,1436,1125,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="259 - 265" refId="ref18855" refString="Cohen, D. M. (1984) Gadiformes: overview. In: Moser, H. G. (Ed.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication, 1, pp. 259 - 265." type="journal article" year="1984">Cohen (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported 4 hypural bones in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFE2EAAA8D02D06A2" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[474,605,1161,1187]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFE2EAAA8D02D06A2" box="[474,605,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
supporting 6 caudal-fin rays. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFBA5AAA8D69D06A2" author="Paulin, C. D." box="[1105,1261,1161,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="81 - 126" refId="ref20515" refString="Paulin, C. D. (1983) A revision of the family Moridae (Pisces: Anacanthini) within the New Zealand region. National Museum of New Zealand records, 2 (9), 81 - 126." type="journal article" year="1983">Paulin (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFAEEAAA8D37F06C6" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polynemus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFAEEAAA8D37F06C6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys polynemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hypurals 1 and 2 are fused at their base and hypurals 3, 4 and 5 are partially fused into a single plate. From our radiographs, and a condition consistent for all three species, the hypurals are fused to form two distinct plates consistent with Paulin (but the original 5 hypural elements are barely detectable) and these plates support 6–7 branched fin rays. However, the main discrepancies exist around the accessory caudal-fin elements (X and Y bones). X and Y bones have been reported as being both present and absent in gadiform fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFB70AB1CD72F0756" author="Grande, T. & Borden, W. C. & Smith, W. L." box="[1156,1375,1341,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="385 - 418" refId="ref19326" refString="Grande, T., Borden, W. C. & Smith, W. L. (2013) Limits and relationships of Paracanthopterygii: A molecular framework for evaluating past morphological hypotheses. In: Arratia, G., Schultze, H. P. & Wilson, M. V. H. (Eds.), Mesozoic Fishes 5 - Global Diversity and Evolution. Verlag Dr. Friedriech Pfeil, Munich, pp. 385 - 418." type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Grande
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFB15AB1FD7640756" box="[1249,1300,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and these characters are variable within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFDDDAB40D0DC077A" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[553,684,1377,1403]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFDDDAB40D0DC077A" box="[553,684,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Neither of these bones were found in
|
||
<specimenCount id="3391FD1E4854337AFBAAAB40D686077A" box="[1118,1270,1377,1403]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" type="generic">76 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of two species (22
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFF37ABA7D30D079E" authorityName="Last & Pogonoski" authorityYear="2020" box="[195,381,1413,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFF37ABA7D30D079E" box="[195,381,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. microdorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 54
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFE21ABA7D01B079E" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[469,619,1413,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polynemus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFE21ABA7D01B079E" box="[469,619,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. polynemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and all except one of
|
||
<specimenCount id="3391FD1E4854337AFC84ABA4D678079E" box="[880,1032,1413,1439]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" type="generic">29 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFBD8ABA7D6D3079E" authorityName="Last & Pogonoski" authorityYear="2020" box="[1068,1187,1413,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robertsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFBD8ABA7D6D3079E" box="[1068,1187,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. robertsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had an X bone and 20 of
|
||
<specimenCount id="3391FD1E4854337AFF41AB88D33C07C2" box="[181,332,1449,1475]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
a Y bone. A specimen examined by Fahey & Markle (1984: 280, Table 76), labelled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFB00AB88D70707C2" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[1268,1399,1449,1475]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFB00AB88D70707C2" box="[1268,1399,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. with an X but no Y bone, was most likely a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFCE2ABEFD1FD07E6" authorityName="Last & Pogonoski" authorityYear="2020" box="[790,909,1485,1511]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robertsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFCE2ABEFD1FD07E6" box="[790,909,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. robertsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
captured east of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E753F8754854337AFBB9ABECD6B507E6" box="[1101,1221,1485,1511]" country="United Kingdom" name="Newcastle upon Tyne" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Newcastle</collectingRegion>
|
||
, NSW and sourced from the Australian Museum (possibly AMS I.18838-038 figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFC68ABD0D647040A" author="Markle, D. F." box="[924,1079,1521,1547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="59 - 88" refId="ref20132" refString="Markle, D. F. (1989) Aspects of character homology and phylogeny of the Gadiformes. In: Cohen, D. M. (Ed.), Papers on the systematics of gadiform fishes, 32. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, pp. 59 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1989">Markle, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974854337AFF33A834D709054E" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFF33A834D3BE042E" author="Fahay, M. P. & Markle, D. F." box="[199,462,1557,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="265 - 283" refId="ref18987" refString="Fahay, M. P. & Markle, D. F. (1984) Gadiformes: development and relationships. In: Moser, H. G. (Ed.), Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication, 1, pp. 265 - 283." type="journal article" year="1984">Fahay & Markle (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a table of meristic characters for the gadiforms, including a single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFF63A818D36A0452" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,282,1593,1619]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFF63A818D36A0452" box="[151,282,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All of their data, apart from the pelvic-fin count (given as 5 rays), fall within the ranges observed in this study. Counts of the number of pelvic-fin rays has been confused in the literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFBD9A87CD7480476" author="Roberts, C. D. & Paulin, C. D." box="[1069,1336,1629,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref20843" refString="Roberts, C. D. & Paulin, C. D. (1997) First record of the Eucla cod, Euclichthys polynemus McCulloch, (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii, Euclichthyidae) from New Caledonia, southwest Pacific Ocean, with notes on morphological characters. In: Seret, B. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 17. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 174, pp. 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="1997">Roberts & Paulin, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) ranging from 4–6 rays and 0–3 branches. In our material, the pelvic fin was consistently formed of 6 long, filamentous rays with the uppermost 3 rays fused basal for a third to half of their length forming a thickened ray; the third ray in this fused uppermost part of the fin can be difficult to see even using a microscope if the ray is broken distally and may lead to counts less than 6. The structure of the pelvic fin is unique within the gadiforms. Asymmetry of a reduced caudal-fin is characteristic of this group and is achieved by having the longest caudal-fin rays associated with the hypurals and parahypural, and the anteriormost part of the fin extending further forward ventrally than dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974854337BFF33A978D28B03F6" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,153,755]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">
|
||
The otoliths of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFE34A978D0330572" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[448,579,1881,1907]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFE34A978D0330572" box="[448,579,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are typically oval and of medium size with a single, well-developed sulcus groove, and in shape resembling a generalised gadiform (
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFC9CA95FD1D60596" box="[872,934,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFC59A95CD6400596" author="Endo, H." box="[941,1072,1917,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="75 - 149" refId="ref18948" refString="Endo, H. (2002) Phylogeny of the Order Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii). Memoirs of the Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 49 (2), 75 - 149." type="journal article" year="2002">Endo, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and fossil otoliths from the Eocene and Miocene figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFE19A980D0A705BA" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[493,727,1953,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="3 - 326" refId="ref20952" refString="Schwarzhans, W. (2019) Reconstruction of the fossil marine bony fish fauna (Teleostei) from the Eocene to Pleistocene of New Zealand by means of otoliths. Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 46, 3 - 326." type="journal article" year="2019">Schwarzhans (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFD10A983D6C405BA" authority="Nolf & Rundle in Nolf, 2013" authorityName="Nolf & Rundle in Nolf" authorityYear="2013" box="[740,1204,1953,1979]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFD10A983D12C05BA" box="[740,860,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. lawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Nolf & Rundle in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFBC2A980D6C405BA" author="Nolf, D." box="[1078,1204,1953,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" refId="ref20384" refString="Nolf, D. (2013) The diversity of fish otoliths, past and present. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, 222 pp." type="book" year="2013">Nolf, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFB35A983D35A05DE" authority="(Frost, 1924)" baseAuthorityName="Frost" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noveazeelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFB35A983D7ED05BA" box="[1217,1437,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. noveazeelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFF6BA9E4D35205DE" author="Frost, G. A." box="[159,290,1989,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="605 - 614" refId="ref19142" refString="Frost, G. A. (1924) Otoliths of fishes from the Tertiary formations of N. Z. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 55, 605 - 614." type="journal article" year="1924">Frost, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144854337AFE97A9E7D0A705DE" authority="Schwarzhans, 1980" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="1980" box="[355,727,1989,2015]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eocenicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337AFE97A9E7D38105DE" box="[355,497,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">E. eocenicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664854337AFE0DA9E4D0A705DE" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[505,727,1989,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 211" refId="ref20924" refString="Schwarzhans, W. (1980) Die Tertiare Teleosteer-Fauna Neuseelands, rekonstruiert anhand von Otolithen. Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, A 26, 1 - 211." type="journal article" year="1980">Schwarzhans, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From the small number of samples examined, extant
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854854337BFAC9A9E4D2B402B2" italics="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="4" pageNumber="235">Euclich- thys</emphasis>
|
||
exhibit slight intraspecific variability in shape but interspecific differences were also observed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41064B664855337BFB1AAEB8D7EC02B2" author="Grenfell, H. R." box="[1262,1436,153,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" pagination="51 - 96" refId="ref19481" refString="Grenfell, H. R. (1984) Early Miocene teleost otoliths from Parengarenga Harbour, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 27 (1), 51 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288306.1984.10422291" type="journal article" year="1984">Grenfell (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined some 100 otoliths of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144855337BFE00AE9FD0BE02D6" baseAuthorityName="Frost" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[500,718,189,215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noveazeelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854855337BFE00AE9FD0BE02D6" box="[500,718,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">E. noveazeelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from sediments of the early Miocene in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5D8076074855337BFB64AE9CD75602D6" box="[1168,1318,189,215]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and found within subadults of the same age there was no apparent variation; juveniles tended to be less elongate with smaller colliculi, and adults had a less sculptured dorsal margin. Within the extant species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144855337BFBA1AF24D728031E" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[1109,1368,261,287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polynemus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854855337BFBA1AF24D728031E" box="[1109,1368,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Euclichthys polynemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more broadly oval otolith (ratio otolith length to otolith height <1.7 vs 1.75–1.9) with a more entire margin than its extant congeners, and the ostium is only slightly larger than the cauda (cauda larger than the ostium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144855337BFAC6AF6FD281038A" authorityName="Last & Pogonoski" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854855337BFAC6AF6FD281038A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">E. microdorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The sulcus opening of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144855337BFDFDAF53D0D1038A" authorityName="McCulloch" authorityYear="1926" box="[521,673,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="polynemus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854855337BFDFDAF53D0D1038A" box="[521,673,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">E. polynemus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be ostial (ostio-caudal in the other species) and a ventral groove is evident in all three replicates (
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854855337BFDACAFB7D00603AE" box="[600,630,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
absent).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144855337BFD28AFB4D1CD03AE" authorityName="Last & Pogonoski" authorityYear="2020" box="[732,957,405,431]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robertsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854855337BFD28AFB4D1CD03AE" box="[732,957,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">Euclichthys robertsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2974D144855337BFBBAAFB7D77803AE" authorityName="Last & Pogonoski" authorityYear="2020" box="[1102,1288,405,431]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Euclichthyidae" genus="Euclichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="17E3EA854855337BFBBAAFB7D77803AE" box="[1102,1288,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">E. microdorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in shape, but is more slender, has a narrower collum, more elongate ostium and cauda, and usually a more prominent pseudoexcisura.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="252836974855337BFF33AC20D30C00F2" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="236">While substantial detail is provided below for two important anatomical characters in gadiform fishes, the caudal skeleton and otoliths, the main objective of the present study was to elucidate alpha-taxonomic issues in the group rather than focus on phylogenetic aspects. Hence, some other characters considered to be of evolutionary significance and worthy of further investigation, such as the lack of an otophysic connection and the anatomy of the cranial muscle adductor arcus palatine, were not examined in this study. Similarly, in the absence of fresh tissues, molecular data for the two new taxa has not been obtained. This should be an important consideration for future studies of the group.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |