treatments-xml/data/9E/30/87/9E3087E7E809BB47FF72271903D7FAA5.xml

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<mods:title id="71E56124816BC4E034CB870DF0F7E15C">Linyphia bilobata ROY &amp; al., 2015, is a junior synonym of Chrysso scintillans (THORELL, 1895) (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Theridiidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="162636F1E809BB42FF7227190304FF39" blockId="1.[144,565,113,141]" box="[144,565,113,141]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="4D6E819DE809BB42FF7227190304FF39" box="[144,565,113,141]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FF7227190304FF39" bold="true" box="[144,565,113,141]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The identity of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FEB627190304FF39" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[340,565,113,141]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FEB627190304FF39" bold="true" box="[340,565,113,141]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Linyphia bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E83657AE809BB42FF7227D6022CFBB8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="162636F1E809BB42FF7227D60394FDF8" blockId="1.[144,1029,190,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The description of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FE8927D60304FF62" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[363,565,190,214]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FE8927D60304FF62" box="[363,565,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Linyphia bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FD8127D603FDFF62" box="[611,716,190,214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Roy &amp; al</emphasis>
., based on 
<specimenCount id="009FFD78E809BB42FCB127D60286FF62" box="[851,951,190,214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">8 female</specimenCount>
specimens, is very detailed and accompanied by excellent illustrations, including habitus drawings, details of the chelicerae, maxillae, labium and sternum, the epigyne and internal genitalia, as well as a colour photograph of the 
<typeStatus id="C9228853E809BB42FC2B264601F2FED8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female. Together, this information allows a clear identification of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FC57263C01F2FE25" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FC57263C01F2FE25" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as being identical to 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FE2226110268FE25" authority="(THORELL, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[448,857,377,401]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FE22261103A6FE25" box="[448,663,377,401]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysso scintillans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FD4B26110261FE25" author="Thorell, T." box="[681,848,377,401]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3324" refString="Thorell, T. (1895): Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. - 406 pp., London." type="book" year="1895">THORELL, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FC89261102E5FE26" bold="true" box="[875,980,377,402]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">syn. nov.</emphasis>
). 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FC0C26110035FE02" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FC0C26110035FE02" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">C. scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a theridiid species that is widespread and common throughout Southeast Asia, with published records from 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E809BB42FD4D26AC03C7FE68" box="[687,758,452,476]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E809BB42FCE026AC0278FE68" box="[770,841,452,476]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E809BB42FCB726AC02ACFE68" box="[853,925,452,476]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Korea</collectingCountry>
, and the 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E809BB42FF722681003FFDB5" box="[144,270,489,513]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FEF826810311FDB5" author="Amalin, D. M. &amp; Barrion, A. A." box="[282,544,489,513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="179 - 184" refId="ref2556" refString="Amalin, D. M. &amp; Barrion, A. A. (1990): Spiders of white potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the lowland. - The Philippine Agricultural Scientist 73: 179 - 184." type="journal article" year="1990">Amalin &amp; Barrion 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FDCC268103EAFDB5" author="Namkung, J." box="[558,731,489,513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2985" refString="Namkung, J. (2002): The spiders of Korea. - 648 pp., Seoul." type="book" year="2002">Namkung 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FD0A268102AFFDB5" author="Song, D. X. &amp; Zhu, M. S. &amp; Chen, J." box="[744,926,489,513]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3221" refString="Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. &amp; Chen, J. (1999): The Spiders of China. - 640 pp., Shijiazhuang." type="book" year="1999">Song &amp; al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FC4E268101FBFD92" author="Yoshida, H." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="356 - 393" refId="ref3573" refString="Yoshida, H. (2009): Theridiidae. - In: Ono, H. (ed.), The Spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. pp. 356 - 393, Kanagawa." type="book chapter" year="2009">Yoshida 2009</bibRefCitation>
), in addition to the type locality in Tharawaddy, 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E809BB42FCE32566025FFD92" box="[769,878,526,550]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
, about 
<quantity id="D1619B14E809BB42FC2125660182FDF8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="1.2">1,200 km</quantity>
southeast of the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FDC7255C03AFFDF8" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[549,670,564,588]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FDC7255C03AFFDF8" box="[549,670,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E809BB42FF572531022CFBB8" blockId="1.[144,1029,190,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FF57253100A0FDC5" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[181,401,601,625]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FF57253100A0FDC5" box="[181,401,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysso scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described repeatedly under various names (
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FF7825160300FD22" authority="THORELL, 1895" authorityName="THORELL" authorityYear="1895" box="[154,561,638,662]" class="Arachnida" genus="Physcoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FF782516004DFD22" box="[154,380,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Physcoa scintillans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FE6425160300FD22" author="Thorell, T." box="[390,561,638,662]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3324" refString="Thorell, T. (1895): Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. - 406 pp., London." type="book" year="1895">THORELL, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FDA6251602F9FD22" authority="YAGINUMA, 1957" authorityName="YAGINUMA" authorityYear="1957" box="[580,968,638,662]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FDA6251603CEFD22" box="[580,767,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Argyria venusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FCEA251602F9FD22" author="Yaginuma, T." box="[776,968,638,662]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref3462" refString="Yaginuma, T. (1957): Two new conopisthine spiders from Japan. - Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo 15: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1957">YAGINUMA, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FF7225CC0360FD08" authority="XING, GAO &amp; ZHU, 1994" authorityName="XING, GAO &amp; ZHU" authorityYear="1994" box="[144,593,676,700]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FF7225CC0071FD08" box="[144,320,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysso bidens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FEA525CC0360FD08" author="Xing, S. Y. &amp; Gao, J. C. &amp; Zhu, C. D." box="[327,593,676,700]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="164 - 167" refId="ref3413" refString="Xing, S. Y., Gao, J. C. &amp; Zhu, C. D. (1994): Two new species of the family Theridiidae from China (Araneae: Theridiidae). - Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 19: 164 - 167." type="journal article" year="1994">XING, GAO &amp; ZHU, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Its rather isolated position amongst 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FF7225A10079FD55" box="[144,328,713,737]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FF7225A101DAFD55" box="[144,235,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chrysso</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
led to its repeated assignment as the 
<typeStatus id="C9228853E809BB42FCEA25A1020AFD55" box="[776,827,713,737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
species of a new genus (
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FF0B258600CDFCB2" authority="THORELL, 1895" authorityName="THORELL" authorityYear="1895" box="[233,508,750,774]" class="Arachnida" genus="Physcoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FF0B25860078FCB2" box="[233,329,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Physcoa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FEB1258600CDFCB2" author="Thorell, T." box="[339,508,750,774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3324" refString="Thorell, T. (1895): Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. - 406 pp., London." type="book" year="1895">THORELL, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FDD925860266FCB2" authority="YAGINUMA, 1957" authorityName="YAGINUMA" authorityYear="1957" box="[571,855,750,774]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FDD9258603BEFCB2" box="[571,655,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Argyria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FD7A25860266FCB2" author="Yaginuma, T." box="[664,855,750,774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref3462" refString="Yaginuma, T. (1957): Two new conopisthine spiders from Japan. - Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo 15: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1957">YAGINUMA, 1957</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
= 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FC9E2586007AFC98" authority="YAGINUMA, 1960" authorityName="YAGINUMA" authorityYear="1960" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Argyroaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FC9E25860535FCB2" box="[892,1028,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Argyroaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FF72247C007AFC98" author="Yaginuma, T." box="[144,331,788,812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3488" refString="Yaginuma, T. (1960): Spiders of Japan in colour. - 186 pp., Osaka." type="book" year="1960">YAGINUMA, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Numerous detailed descriptions and illustrations are available to support the identification of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FDDF2451038AFCE5" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[573,699,825,849]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FDDF2451038AFCE5" box="[573,699,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with this species (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FC34245101F8FCC2" author="Levi, H. W. &amp; Levi, L. R." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref2904" refString="Levi, H. W. &amp; Levi, L. R. (1962): The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 127: 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1962">Levi 1962</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FF3A243600A6FCC2" author="Levi, H. W. &amp; Levi, L. R." box="[216,407,862,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref2904" refString="Levi, H. W. &amp; Levi, L. R. (1962): The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 127: 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1962">Levi &amp; Levi 1962</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FE4524360364FCC2" author="Namkung, J." box="[423,597,862,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2985" refString="Namkung, J. (2002): The spiders of Korea. - 648 pp., Seoul." type="book" year="2002">Namkung 2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FD86243603CBFCC2" author="Shinkai, E." box="[612,762,862,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3157" refString="Shinkai, E. (2006): Spiders of Japan. - 335 pp., Tokyo." type="book" year="2006">Shinkai 2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FCE8243602F2FCC2" author="Song, D. X. &amp; Zhu, M. S. &amp; Chen, J." box="[778,963,862,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3221" refString="Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. &amp; Chen, J. (1999): The Spiders of China. - 640 pp., Shijiazhuang." type="book" year="1999">Song &amp; al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FC3124360035FC28" author="Xing, S. Y. &amp; Gao, J. C. &amp; Zhu, C. D." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="164 - 167" refId="ref3413" refString="Xing, S. Y., Gao, J. C. &amp; Zhu, C. D. (1994): Two new species of the family Theridiidae from China (Araneae: Theridiidae). - Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 19: 164 - 167." type="journal article" year="1994">Xing &amp; al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FEF324EC008CFC28" author="Yaginuma, T." box="[273,445,900,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="11 - 16" refId="ref3462" refString="Yaginuma, T. (1957): Two new conopisthine spiders from Japan. - Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo 15: 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="1957">Yaginuma 1957</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FE2824EC0335FC28" author="Yaginuma, T." box="[458,516,900,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3488" refString="Yaginuma, T. (1960): Spiders of Japan in colour. - 186 pp., Osaka." type="book" year="1960">1960</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FDF324EC039BFC28" author="Yoshida, H." box="[529,682,900,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="157 - 181" refId="ref3509" refString="Yoshida, H. (2001): A revision of the Japanese genera and species of the subfamily Theridiinae (Araneae: Theridiidae). - Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo 50: 157 - 181." type="journal article" year="2001">Yoshida 2001</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FD5524EC03C0FC28" author="Yoshida, H." box="[695,753,900,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3546" refString="Yoshida, H. (2003): The spider family Theridiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Japan. - 224 pp., Osaka." type="book" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FD1C24EC0206FC28" author="Yoshida, H." box="[766,823,900,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="356 - 393" refId="ref3573" refString="Yoshida, H. (2009): Theridiidae. - In: Ono, H. (ed.), The Spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. pp. 356 - 393, Kanagawa." type="book chapter" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FCA624EC029EFC28" author="Zhu, M. S." box="[836,943,900,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3620" refString="Zhu, M. S. (1998): Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae. - xi + 436 pp., Beijing." type="book" year="1998">Zhu 1998</bibRefCitation>
). A few selected details should suffice to illustrate the excellent agreement between the species described by 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FE5124A60365FC52" author="Thorell, T." box="[435,596,974,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref3324" refString="Thorell, T. (1895): Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. - 406 pp., London." type="book" year="1895">Thorell (1895)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E809BB42FD6F24A60279FC52" author="Roy, T. K. &amp; Sen, S. &amp; Saha, S. &amp; Raychaudhuri, D." box="[653,840,974,998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="61 - 64" refId="ref3034" refString="Roy, T. K., Sen, S., Saha, S. &amp; Raychaudhuri, D. (2015): A new Linyphia Latreille, 1804 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from West Bengal, India. - Munis Entomology and Zoology 10 (1): 61 - 64." type="journal article" year="2015">Roy &amp; al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. They also highlight the lasting quality of Thorell's eloquent descriptions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E83657AE809BB41FF57237103D0FC52" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="162636F1E809BB42FF572371022EFA82" blockId="1.[144,1029,190,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">The ocular quadrangle is described by Roy &amp; al. as &quot;nearly square&quot;, corresponding to Thorell's slightly more detailed &quot;Area oculorum mediorum paullulo (parum) latior antice quam postice, et aeque longa ac lata antice&quot; (&quot;area of the middle eyes very slightly (hardly) broader in the front than in the back, and as long as broad in the front&quot;). This description matches the figure in Roy &amp; al. exactly. The anterior eye row is described as &quot;strongly recurved… as viewed dorsally&quot;, which could be considered a literal translation of Thorell's &quot;series oculorum antica desuper visa fortiter recurva est.&quot;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E809BB42FF57222C0243FA78" blockId="1.[144,1029,190,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The maxillae of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E809BB42FE84222C00ECFAE8" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[358,477,1348,1372]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E809BB42FE84222C00ECFAE8" box="[358,477,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are &quot;nearly twice as long as wide&quot;, which Thorell describes as &quot;saltem dimidio sed non duplo longiores quam latiores&quot; (&quot;at least by half, but not twice longer than wide&quot;); the labium is &quot;wider than long&quot; (Thorell: &quot;paullo latius quam longius&quot;, &quot;a bit broader than long&quot;).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E809BB41FF5722B103D0FC52" blockId="1.[144,1029,190,1596]" lastBlockId="2.[181,1067,526,1596]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The cephalothorax is &quot;yellow brown&quot; (Thorell: &quot;luteo-testacea&quot;). The legs are of the same colour, but are &quot;banded&quot;. Thorell's detailed description of this banding matches the photograph of the 
<typeStatus id="C9228853E809BB42FD8C214C03E5F988" box="[622,724,1572,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in all details. The picture shows dark reddish-brown bands at the end of the femora, and black rings at the ends of the tibiae, metatarsi of legs I, II, and IV, as well as red brown rings in middle of femora I, II, IV, and tibia I. Thorell describes this as &quot;in reliquis pedibus (3ii exceptis) femora, tibiae et metatarsis apice sat late nigra sunt&quot; (&quot;in the other legs, except the third, the femora, tibiae and metatarsi are broadly black at their tips&quot;) and &quot;femora praetera (ut tibiae 1i paris) annulo nigro versus basin cincta&quot; (&quot;moreover, the femora, as well as the tibiae I, are banded with a black ring towards the base&quot;). The legs are further described as &quot;clothed with pale brown moderate hairs&quot;, while Thorell more precisely refers to &quot;pili pallide testacei, excepto in annulo nigro apicali tibiarum saltem 4i paris, ubi nigra sunt&quot; (&quot;pale brown hairs, except in the black apical bands of the tibiae, especially of leg IV, where they are black&quot;); a detail that is clearly visible in the photo of the 
<typeStatus id="C9228853E80ABB41FE3824A6030EFC52" box="[474,575,974,998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FD8324A603EBFC52" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[609,730,974,998]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FD8324A603EBFC52" box="[609,730,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="162636F1E80ABB41FE5427EB053CFE87" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<table id="6499C451E80A44BCFF2227EB053CFE87" box="[192,1037,131,307]" gridcols="5" gridrows="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<tr id="A8A934B3E80A44BCFF2227EB053CFF21" box="[192,1037,131,149]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFE7F27EB0332FF21" box="[413,515,131,149]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FE5427EB00D1FF21" bold="true" box="[438,480,131,149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leg I</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFDA927EB0380FF21" box="[587,689,131,149]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FD8327EB03A0FF21" bold="true" box="[609,657,131,149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leg II</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFD1427EB026EFF21" box="[758,863,131,149]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FCEE27EB0273FF21" bold="true" box="[780,834,131,149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leg III</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFC7627EB053CFF21" box="[916,1037,131,149]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FC5827EB02DEFF21" bold="true" box="[954,1007,131,149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leg IV</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="A8A934B3E80A44BCFF2227C7053CFF70" box="[192,1037,175,196]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFF2227C7001BFF70" box="[192,298,175,196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FF2227D9001BFF77" authorityName="THORELL" authorityYear="1895" box="[192,298,177,195]" class="Arachnida" genus="Physcoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FF2227D9001BFF77" box="[192,298,177,195]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFE7F27C70332FF70" box="[413,515,175,196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
11 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FE5E27C700FCFF70" bold="true" box="[444,461,175,196]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">⅔</emphasis>
(1.00)
</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFDA927C70380FF70" box="[587,689,175,196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
7 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FD8827C7034AFF70" bold="true" box="[618,635,175,196]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">¼</emphasis>
(0.62)
</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFD1427C7026EFF70" box="[758,863,175,196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">plus 4 (0.36)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFC7627C7053CFF70" box="[916,1037,175,196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">paene 8 (0.67)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8A934B3E80A44BCFF2227BE053CFF5C" box="[192,1037,214,232]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFF2227BE001BFF5C" box="[192,298,214,232]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FF2227BE0028FF5C" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[192,281,214,232]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FF2227BE0028FF5C" box="[192,281,214,232]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFE7F27BE0332FF5C" box="[413,515,214,232]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15.00 (1.00)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFDA927BE0380FF5C" box="[587,689,214,232]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.40 (0.56)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFD1427BE026EFF5C" box="[758,863,214,232]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.60 (0.37)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFC7627BE053CFF5C" box="[916,1037,214,232]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9.00 (0.60)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8A934B3E80A44BCFF222793053CFEB9" box="[192,1037,251,269]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFF222793001BFEB9" box="[192,298,251,269]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FF222793003FFEB9" authorityName="XING, GAO &amp; ZHU" authorityYear="1994" box="[192,270,251,269]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FF222793003FFEB9" box="[192,270,251,269]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFE7F27930332FEB9" box="[413,515,251,269]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15.52 (1.00)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFDA927930380FEB9" box="[587,689,251,269]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.40 (0.54)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFD142793026EFEB9" box="[758,863,251,269]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.04 (0.32)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFC762793053CFEB9" box="[916,1037,251,269]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.88 (0.57)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A8A934B3E80A44BCFF222649053CFE87" box="[192,1037,289,307]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<th id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFF222649001BFE87" box="[192,298,289,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FF2226490029FE87" authorityName="YAGINUMA" authorityYear="1957" box="[192,280,289,307]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FF2226490029FE87" box="[192,280,289,307]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFE7F26490332FE87" box="[413,515,289,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">18.80 (1.00)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFDA926490380FE87" box="[587,689,289,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.50 (0.56)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFD142649026EFE87" box="[758,863,289,307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.70 (0.30)</td>
<td id="EB785DCFE80A44BCFC762649053CFE87" box="[916,1037,289,307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.70 (0.57)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="42E66679E80ABB41FF57263000EBFE14" ID-Table-UUID="42E66679E80ABB41FF57263000EBFE14" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/42E66679E80ABB41FF57263000EBFE14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[181,230,344,362]" targetBox="[192,1037,131,307]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="162636F1E80ABB41FF57263000EBFE14" blockId="2.[181,1066,344,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Table 1. Absolute leg length in mm (and relative leg length compared to leg I) in the female type material of the four species here considered as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FD03261B02BDFE31" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[737,908,371,389]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FD03261B02BDFE31" bold="true" box="[737,908,371,389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Chrysso scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, according to the data in the original descriptions.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5E83657AE80ABB41FF39249C01C6FB58" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="162636F1E80ABB41FF39249C01C6FB58" blockId="2.[181,1067,526,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<tableCitation id="5B1B034AE80ABB41FF39249C001CFBB8" box="[219,301,1012,1036]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[181,230,344,362]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Absolute leg length in mm (and relative leg length compared to leg I) in the female type material of the four species here considered as synonyms of Chrysso scintillans, according to the data in the original descriptions." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/42E66679E80ABB41FF57263000EBFE14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="42E66679E80ABB41FF57263000EBFE14">Table 1</tableCitation>
shows the detailed agreement in the relative length of the legs in the female 
<typeStatus id="C9228853E80ABB41FED92371005EFB85" box="[315,367,1049,1073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FE1D23710033FBE2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FE1D237103D3FB85" authorityName="THORELL" authorityYear="1895" box="[511,738,1049,1073]" class="Arachnida" genus="Physcoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">Physcoa scintillans</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FD122371028EFB85" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[752,959,1049,1073]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">Linyphia bilobata</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FC2F23710033FBE2" authorityName="XING, GAO &amp; ZHU" authorityYear="1994" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidens">Chrysso bidens</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FEDB235600DDFBE2" authorityName="YAGINUMA" authorityYear="1957" box="[313,492,1086,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venusta">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FEDB235600DDFBE2" box="[313,492,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Argyria venusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The same consistency is also found in the relative lengths of the individual leg segments (not shown, as they are not reported in the original description by Thorell). In all cases, the observed differences are well within the range of measurement uncertainty and inter-individual variation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E83657AE80ABB40FF3923910330FEF2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="162636F1E80ABB41FF392391053AF988" blockId="2.[181,1067,526,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
The shape of the opisthosoma is &quot;sub pentagonal&quot; in 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FCBD239102EDFAA5" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[863,988,1273,1297]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FCBD239102EDFAA5" box="[863,988,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while &quot;desuper visum breviter pentagono-ovatum fere est abdomen&quot; (&quot;viewed from above the abdomen is quite shortly pentagonal-oval&quot;) in 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80ABB41FCD4222C02F2FAE8" authorityName="THORELL" authorityYear="1895" box="[822,963,1348,1372]" class="Arachnida" genus="Physcoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80ABB41FCD4222C02F2FAE8" box="[822,963,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The colour pattern of the &quot;off white&quot; abdomen &quot;widest at the middle, each end marked by a black hump, tip black, blunt and round&quot; is again described in some more detail by 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80ABB41FEFE22DC008AFA78" author="Thorell, T." box="[284,443,1460,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref3324" refString="Thorell, T. (1895): Descriptive catalogue of the spiders of Burma. - 406 pp., London." type="book" year="1895">Thorell (1895)</bibRefCitation>
, who refers to &quot;macula magna humerali nigra vel maculis ejusmodi binis utrinque&quot; (&quot;a large black shoulder spot or two such spots on each side&quot;) with &quot;apice coni apicalis nigro&quot; (&quot;black tip of the apical cone&quot;). The illustrations by Roy &amp; al. again match Thorell's description in all details.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E80BBB40FF57271C0330FEF2" blockId="3.[144,1028,116,513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
In 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FF33271C007AFF38" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[209,331,116,140]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FF33271C007AFF38" box="[209,331,116,140]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the &quot;epigynal plate [is] marked by 2 transverse nearly parallel lines&quot;; these lines are clearly visible, e.g., in the illustration in 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FC9F27F102CEFF05" author="Levi, H. W. &amp; Levi, L. R." box="[893,1023,153,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref2904" refString="Levi, H. W. &amp; Levi, L. R. (1962): The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. - Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 127: 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1962">Levi (1962)</bibRefCitation>
, while Thorell states that &quot;vulva ex sulco transverso lato et forti constat, … et ita foveas duas transversas plus minus discretas format&quot;: &quot;the epigyne consists of a strong and broad transverse groove, and in this way forms two more or less distinct transverse lines&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5E83657AE80BBB40FF57263C01C5FDB5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="162636F1E80BBB40FF57263C01C5FDB5" blockId="3.[144,1028,116,513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Thorell did not examine the internal genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FD33263C0294FED8" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[721,933,340,364]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FD33263C0294FED8" box="[721,933,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chrysso scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the bilobed spermathecae after which 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FDFF261103A6FE25" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[541,663,377,401]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FDFF261103A6FE25" box="[541,663,377,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been named are also a distinct feature of the former. Illustrations are provided, e.g., in 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FCA626F60535FE02" author="Xing, S. Y. &amp; Gao, J. C. &amp; Zhu, C. D." box="[836,1028,414,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="164 - 167" refId="ref3413" refString="Xing, S. Y., Gao, J. C. &amp; Zhu, C. D. (1994): Two new species of the family Theridiidae from China (Araneae: Theridiidae). - Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 19: 164 - 167." type="journal article" year="1994">Xing &amp; al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FF2126AC0040FE68" author="Yoshida, H." box="[195,369,452,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="157 - 181" refId="ref3509" refString="Yoshida, H. (2001): A revision of the Japanese genera and species of the subfamily Theridiinae (Araneae: Theridiidae). - Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo 50: 157 - 181." type="journal article" year="2001">Yoshida (2001)</bibRefCitation>
and also show the short fertilization duct mentioned by Roy &amp; al.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
<subSection id="7F162F1AE80BBB47FF72253E03D7FAA5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="162636F1E80BBB40FF72253E0302FDC6" blockId="3.[144,563,598,626]" box="[144,563,598,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="4D6E819DE80BBB40FF72253E0302FDC6" box="[144,563,598,626]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FF72253E0302FDC6" bold="true" box="[144,563,598,626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Other Indian species of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FE21253E0302FDC6" authorityName="LATREILLE" authorityYear="1804" box="[451,563,598,626]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FE21253E0302FDC6" bold="true" box="[451,563,598,626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Linyphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E80BBB40FF7225CC03D3FA82" blockId="3.[144,1029,676,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The misidentification of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FE4925CC0344FD08" authorityName="ROY, SEN, SAHA &amp; RAYCHAUDHURI" authorityYear="2015" box="[427,629,676,700]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilobata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FE4925CC0344FD08" box="[427,629,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Linyphia bilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can most likely be traced back to the work of Tikader, who described three species of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FCE325A10255FD55" authorityName="LATREILLE" authorityYear="1804" box="[769,868,713,737]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FCE325A10255FD55" box="[769,868,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Linyphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80BBB40FC4E25A102D4FD55" box="[940,997,713,737]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
in 1970 and 1977. One of these, 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FDE1258602B8FCB2" authority="TIKADER, 1970" authorityName="TIKADER" authorityYear="1970" box="[515,905,750,774]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbasae">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FDE1258603E2FCB2" box="[515,723,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Linyphia urbasae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FD3F258602B8FCB2" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[733,905,750,774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref3347" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1970): Spider fauna of Sikkim. - Records of the Zoological Survey of India 64: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1970">TIKADER, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was first reported from 
<collectingRegion id="D45DF813E80BBB40FEDA247C00B8FC98" box="[312,393,788,812]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80BBB40FE77247C00E3FC98" box="[405,466,788,812]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
, but is widespread and rather common in Southeast Asia, as evidenced by numerous photos of this distinctively coloured species from 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80BBB40FEE124360071FCC2" box="[259,320,862,886]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80BBB40FEA924360085FCC2" box="[331,436,862,886]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80BBB40FE2224360305FCC2" box="[448,564,862,886]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Singapore</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80BBB40FD8D243603F3FCC2" box="[623,706,862,886]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, which can be found on the internet. The species is certainly a theridiid, as can be seen from the schematic illustration of the epigyne in the original description, but most importantly from its habitus, which indeed closely resembles that of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FCC424A602CCFC52" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[806,1021,974,998]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scintillans">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FCC424A602CCFC52" box="[806,1021,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chrysso scintillans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As documented repeatedly on the internet, the species also shows the maternal care behaviour reported for other species of theridiids, including members of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FF4D2356003BFBE2" authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1882" box="[175,266,1086,1110]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FF4D2356003BFBE2" box="[175,266,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chrysso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FEF82356030CFBE2" author="Miller, J. &amp; Agnarsson, I." box="[282,573,1086,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="711 - 714" refId="ref2946" refString="Miller, J. &amp; Agnarsson, I. (2005): A redescription of Chrysso nigriceps (Araneae, Theridiidae) with evidence for maternal care. - Journal of Arachnology 33: 711 - 714." type="journal article" year="2005">Miller &amp; Agnarsson 2005</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FDAF235603D4FBE2" author="Shinkai, E." box="[589,741,1086,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref3157" refString="Shinkai, E. (2006): Spiders of Japan. - 335 pp., Tokyo." type="book" year="2006">Shinkai 2006</bibRefCitation>
). While the exact generic affiliation within 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FE91230C00C5FBC8" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1833" box="[371,500,1124,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Theridiidae</taxonomicName>
remains doubtful without studying authentic material of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FEF123E100BAFB15" authorityName="TIKADER" authorityYear="1970" box="[275,395,1161,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbasae">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FEF123E100BAFB15" box="[275,395,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. urbasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the available evidence supports a provisional transfer to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FECF23C600B8FB72" authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1882" box="[301,393,1198,1222]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FECF23C600B8FB72" box="[301,393,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chrysso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FE5F23C60274FB72" authority="(TIKADER, 1970)" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="TIKADER" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[445,837,1198,1222]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbasae" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FE5F23C6034EFB72" box="[445,639,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chrysso urbasae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FD7123C60209FB72" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[659,824,1198,1222]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref3347" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1970): Spider fauna of Sikkim. - Records of the Zoological Survey of India 64: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1970">TIKADER, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FCB123C602E0FB73" bold="true" box="[851,977,1198,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FDE5798E80BBB40FCB123C602E0FB73" box="[851,977,1198,1223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FF3C23BC0008FB58" authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1882" box="[222,313,1236,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FF3C23BC0008FB58" box="[222,313,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chrysso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as currently used, is certainly a heterogeneous polyphyletic assemblage (
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FEC623910377FAA5" author="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L." box="[292,582,1273,1297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="403 - 436" refId="ref2662" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (2009): Spiny theridiids in the Asian tropics. Systematics, notes on behaviour and species richness (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso, Meotipa). - Contributions to Natural History 12: 403 - 436." type="journal article" year="2009">Deeleman-Reinhold 2009</bibRefCitation>
), and a confident placement of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FC4923910186FA82" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="TIKADER" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbasae">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FC4923910186FA82" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. urbasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will require a careful revision of the entire group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E80BBB47FF57222C0013FF48" blockId="3.[144,1029,676,1596]" lastBlockId="4.[181,1068,116,1297]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
In the same publication, which is well-known for its dubious generic assignments (
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FF062201004EFA35" author="Brignoli, P. M." box="[228,383,1385,1409]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="211 - 213" refId="ref2631" refString="Brignoli, P. M. (1976): On some recent papers about Indian spiders. - Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 3: 211 - 213." type="journal article" year="1976">Brignoli 1976</bibRefCitation>
), Tikader described a second species of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FCB022010282FA35" authorityName="LATREILLE" authorityYear="1804" box="[850,947,1385,1409]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FCB022010282FA35" box="[850,947,1385,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Linyphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FC20220100ADFA12" authority="TIKADER, 1970" authorityName="TIKADER" authorityYear="1970" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikkimensis">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FC20220101C5FA12" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L. sikkimensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80BBB40FF1922E600ADFA12" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[251,412,1422,1446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref3347" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1970): Spider fauna of Sikkim. - Records of the Zoological Survey of India 64: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1970">TIKADER, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which he considers to be highly similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FC6622E602CCFA12" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="TIKADER" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[900,1021,1422,1446]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbasae">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FC6622E602CCFA12" box="[900,1021,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. urbasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This species also seems to be rather common (the 
<typeStatus id="C9228853E80BBB40FD1222DC0215FA78" box="[752,804,1460,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
series included 
<specimenCount id="009FFD78E80BBB40FC0A22DC01ECFA45" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">13 female</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="009FFD78E80BBB40FEF422B10052FA45" box="[278,355,1497,1521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
specimens). The illustrations of the male and female genitalia certainly exclude any affinity with 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FD80229603F5F9A2" authorityName="LATREILLE" authorityYear="1804" box="[610,708,1534,1558]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FD80229603F5F9A2" box="[610,708,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Linyphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the correct placement is difficult to determine. Considering the close similarity to 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80BBB40FCA7214C02F3F988" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="TIKADER" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[837,962,1572,1596]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbasae">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80BBB40FCA7214C02F3F988" box="[837,962,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. urbasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned in the original description, it would seem reasonable to very tentatively transfer the species to 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FE5427F1033EFF05" authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1882" box="[438,527,153,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FE5427F1033EFF05" box="[438,527,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chrysso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FDDF27F102EBFF05" authority="(TIKADER, 1970)" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="TIKADER" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[573,986,153,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikkimensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FDDF27F1022EFF05" box="[573,799,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chrysso sikkimensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FCD227F102FFFF05" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[816,974,153,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref3347" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1970): Spider fauna of Sikkim. - Records of the Zoological Survey of India 64: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1970">TIKADER, 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FC0427F101D4FF63" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FDE5798E80CBB47FC0427F101D4FF63" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, with the strong caveat that even the family affiliation is not quite clear in this case.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E80CBB47FF392661001EFD56" blockId="4.[181,1068,116,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
The heterogeneity of Tikader's concept of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FD342661020BFE95" authorityName="LATREILLE" authorityYear="1804" box="[726,826,265,289]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FD342661020BFE95" box="[726,826,265,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is illustrated by his third Indian species placed in this genus, 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FD6B26460512FEF2" authority="TIKADER, 1977" authorityName="TIKADER" authorityYear="1977" box="[649,1059,302,326]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicobarensis">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FD6B2646024CFEF2" box="[649,893,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia nicobarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FC6726460512FEF2" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[901,1059,302,326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="153 - 212" refId="ref3376" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1977): Studies on spider fauna of Andaman and Nicobar islands, Indian Ocean. - Records of the Zoological Survey of India 72: 153 - 212." type="journal article" year="1977">TIKADER, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. In this case, the description and illustrations leave no doubt that this species is very closely allied and probably even identical to the common 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FC2D261100F4FE02" authority="(THORELL, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FC2D261101CEFE02" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tylorida striata</emphasis>
(THORELL, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
, a member of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FD9226F60210FE02" authorityName="Menge" authorityYear="1866" box="[624,801,414,438]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tetragnathidae</taxonomicName>
. This species was also described by Tikader as being similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FD7726AC023EFE68" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="TIKADER" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[661,783,452,476]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Chrysso" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbasae">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FD7726AC023EFE68" box="[661,783,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. urbasae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but size, shape, colour and markings all exactly match 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FDF82681034DFDB5" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[538,636,489,513]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FDF82681034DFDB5" box="[538,636,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was already reported from the 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80CBB47FF5725660056FD92" box="[181,359,526,550]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FE7625660306FD92" author="Thorell, T." box="[404,567,526,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref3290" refString="Thorell, T. (1891): Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien. - Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 24 (2): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell (1891)</bibRefCitation>
, from a location no more than 
<quantity id="D1619B14E80CBB47FC41256602DDFD92" box="[931,1004,526,550]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
from the 
<typeStatus id="C9228853E80CBB47FF06255C0029FDF8" box="[228,280,564,588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FE7C255C037EFDF8" authorityName="TIKADER" authorityYear="1977" box="[414,591,564,588]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicobarensis">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FE7C255C037EFDF8" box="[414,591,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. nicobarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The illustration of the epigyne is, however, difficult to match to the epigyne of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FD71253103C6FDC5" baseAuthorityName="THORELL" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[659,759,601,625]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FD71253103C6FDC5" box="[659,759,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. While this may be due to the highly schematic nature of the drawing, it justifies provisional treatment of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FF3025CC004CFD08" authorityName="TIKADER" authorityYear="1977" box="[210,381,676,700]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicobarensis">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FF3025CC004CFD08" box="[210,381,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">L. nicobarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species, 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FD9725CC0514FD08" authority="(TIKADER, 1977)" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="TIKADER" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[629,1061,676,700]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicobarensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FD9725CC0259FD08" box="[629,872,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tylorida nicobarensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FC9A25CC0528FD08" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[888,1049,676,700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="153 - 212" refId="ref3376" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1977): Studies on spider fauna of Andaman and Nicobar islands, Indian Ocean. - Records of the Zoological Survey of India 72: 153 - 212." type="journal article" year="1977">TIKADER, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FF5725A1001EFD56" bold="true" box="[181,303,713,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FDE5798E80CBB47FF5725A1001EFD56" box="[181,303,713,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E80CBB47FF3925860515FBE3" blockId="4.[181,1068,116,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Two further species of 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FE0E2586037EFCB2" authorityName="LATREILLE" authorityYear="1804" box="[492,591,750,774]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FE0E2586037EFCB2" box="[492,591,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described from 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80CBB47FCB6258602D2FCB2" box="[852,995,750,774]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">British India</collectingCountry>
by O. 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FF57247C00D1FC98" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O." box="[181,480,788,812]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref3005" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1885): Araneida. - In: Scientific results of the second Yarkand mission, pp. 1 - 115, Calcutta." type="book chapter" year="1885">Pickard-Cambridge (1885)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FE0E247C038EFC98" authorityName="O.P.-Cambridge" authorityYear="1885" box="[492,703,788,812]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perampla">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FE0E247C038EFC98" box="[492,703,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia perampla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Sind Valley, 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80CBB47FC55247C02C5FC98" box="[951,1012,788,812]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">India</collectingCountry>
, was described as &quot;very nearly allied to 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FDAE24510259FCE5" authority=", L. KOCH" authorityName="L. KOCH" box="[588,872,825,849]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FDAE24510230FCE5" box="[588,769,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia collina</emphasis>
, L. KOCH
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (= 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FC7924510307FCC2" authority="(L. KOCH, 1872))" baseAuthorityName="L. KOCH" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Megalepthyphantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collinus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FC7924510040FCC2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Megalepthyphantes collinus</emphasis>
(L. 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FE7F24360311FCC2" author="Koch, L." box="[413,544,862,886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="127 - 152" refId="ref2844" refString="Koch, L. (1872): Apterologisches aus dem frankischen Jura. - Abhandlungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Nurnberg 6: 127 - 152." type="journal article" year="1872">KOCH, 1872</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FDA02436022DFCC2" authorityName="O.P.-Cambridge" authorityYear="1885" box="[578,796,862,886]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminea">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FDA02436022DFCC2" box="[578,796,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia straminea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Murree, 
<collectingCountry id="6E8E7661E80CBB47FC2224360516FCC2" box="[960,1063,862,886]" name="Pakistan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, was considered as &quot;in its form and general structure… very like 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FC7924EC0029FC75" authority=", BL." authorityName="BL." class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ericaea">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FC7924EC01C0FC75" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia ericaea,</emphasis>
BL.
</taxonomicName>
&quot; (= 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FEAE24C10273FC75" authority="(BLACKWALL, 1853))" baseAuthorityName="BLACKWALL" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[332,834,937,961]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Palliduphantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ericaeus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FEAE24C10368FC75" box="[332,601,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Palliduphantes ericaeus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FD8B24C1021DFC75" author="Blackwall, J." box="[617,812,937,961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="14 - 25" refId="ref2598" refString="Blackwall, J. (1853): Descriptions of some newly discovered species of Araneida. - Annals and Magazine of Natural History (2) 11: 14 - 25." type="journal article" year="1853">BLACKWALL, 1853</bibRefCitation>
))
</taxonomicName>
. In both cases, there is no indication of a close relationship with 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FD4124A60233FC52" authorityName="LATREILLE" authorityYear="1804" box="[675,770,974,998]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FD4124A60233FC52" box="[675,770,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the modern sense. The two species are therefore provisionally transferred to the genus 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FC66249C0017FB85" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FC66249C051BFBB8" authorityName="Menge" authorityYear="1866" box="[900,1066,1012,1036]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Lepthyphantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Lepthyphantes</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FDE5798E80CBB47FF5723710017FB85" box="[181,294,1049,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FEB1237102EDFB85" authority="(O. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, 1885)" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="O. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[339,988,1049,1073]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Lepthyphantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stramineus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FEB12371034DFB85" box="[339,636,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lepthyphantes stramineus</emphasis>
(O. 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FD4A237102E0FB85" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O." box="[680,977,1049,1073]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref3005" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1885): Araneida. - In: Scientific results of the second Yarkand mission, pp. 1 - 115, Calcutta." type="book chapter" year="1885">PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FC05237101D5FBE3" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FDE5798E80CBB47FC05237101D5FBE3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FEC223560293FBE2" authority="(O. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, 1885)" authorityName="Breitling" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="O. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[288,930,1086,1110]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Lepthyphantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peramplus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FEC223560373FBE2" box="[288,578,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lepthyphantes peramplus</emphasis>
(O. 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FD8D235602A6FBE2" author="Pickard-Cambridge, O." box="[623,919,1086,1110]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref3005" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1885): Araneida. - In: Scientific results of the second Yarkand mission, pp. 1 - 115, Calcutta." type="book chapter" year="1885">PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FC4F23560515FBE3" bold="true" box="[941,1060,1086,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3FDE5798E80CBB47FC4F23560515FBE3" box="[941,1060,1086,1111]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E80CBB47FF39230C029AFB72" blockId="4.[181,1068,116,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
&quot; 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FF05230C00ABFBC8" box="[231,410,1124,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FF05230C00ABFBC8" box="[231,410,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia striata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, a species described by 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FD27230C02FAFBC8" author="Sebastian, P. A. &amp; Sudhikumar, A. V. &amp; Mathew, M. J. &amp; Samson, P. D." box="[709,971,1124,1148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="114 - 396" refId="ref3090" refString="Sebastian, P. A., Sudhikumar, A. V., Mathew, M. J. &amp; Samson, P. D. (2009): Suborder Araneomorphae. - In: Sebastian, P. A. &amp; Peter, K. V. (eds.), Spiders of India, pp. 114 - 396, Hyderabad." type="book chapter" year="2009">Sebastian &amp; al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
without valid assignment of a 
<typeStatus id="C9228853E80CBB47FE4E23E10324FB15" box="[428,533,1161,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, has recently been identified as probably being identical to 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FEDB23C603FEFB72" authority="THORELL, 1890" authorityName="THORELL" authorityYear="1890" box="[313,719,1198,1222]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonulatum">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FEDB23C60314FB72" box="[313,549,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Theridion zonulatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FDC923C603FEFB72" author="Thorell, T." box="[555,719,1198,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 419" refId="ref3255" refString="Thorell, T. (1890): Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. IV, 1. - Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 28: 1 - 419." type="journal article" year="1890">THORELL, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FD3E23C602AAFB72" author="Ehrler, R. &amp; Ackermann, G. &amp; Grabolle, A. &amp; Breitling, R." box="[732,923,1198,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="79 - 82" refId="ref2708" refString="Ehrler, R., Ackermann, G., Grabolle, A. &amp; Breitling, R. (2014): Theridion zonulatum Thorell 1890, a senior synonym of Theridion zebrinusum Zhu 1998. - Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo 63 (2): 79 - 82." type="journal article" year="2014">Ehrler &amp; al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="162636F1E80CBB47FF3923BC03D7FAA5" blockId="4.[181,1068,116,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
In conclusion, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="D1994D72E80CBB47FDE323BC0352FB58" authorityName="LATREILLE" authorityYear="1804" box="[513,611,1236,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Linyphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24EDEAE3E80CBB47FDE323BC0352FB58" box="[513,611,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Linyphia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as defined by van 
<bibRefCitation id="72084B00E80CBB47FCAF23BC0514FB58" author="Helsdingen, P. J. van" box="[845,1061,1236,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 303" refId="ref2759" refString="Helsdingen, P. J. van (1969): A reclassification of the species of Linyphia Latreille based on the functioning of the genitalia (Araneida, Linyphiidae), I. - Zoologische Verhandelingen 105: 1 - 303." type="journal article" year="1969">Helsdingen (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, seems to be absent from the Indian subcontinent.
</paragraph>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>