plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/71/3F/5A/713F5A32064A50D9B43CC0A2C3BA69A8.xml
maintenance c7ea922c92 added 71
2024-06-21 12:40:05 +02:00

683 lines
77 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.96986" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9D1068F2503457BF9D312C21185B8DB7" ID-ZooBank="2F0692D810564A39AA085BE57E928360" ModsDocID="1860-1324-70-1-1" checkinTime="1674828309261" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zheng, Xuhongyi, Qiang, Xinhe &amp; Zhou, Changfa" docDate="2023" docId="713F5A32064A50D9B43CC0A2C3BA69A8" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 70(1): 1-11" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (1)" docPubDate="2023-01-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.96986" docTitle="Polyplocia orientalis Nguyen &amp; Bae 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="9D1068F2503457BF9D312C21185B8DB7" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9D1068F2503457BF9D312C21185B8DB7" masterDocTitle="First nymph-imago association in Polyploica confirming the distribution of Euthyplociidae (Ephemeroptera) in China" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1674828309261" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>First nymph-imago association in Polyploica confirming the distribution of Euthyplociidae (Ephemeroptera) in China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zheng, Xuhongyi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Qiang, Xinhe</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhou, Changfa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>The Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zhouchangfa@njnu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-01-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>70</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>11</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.96986</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.96986</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2F0692D810564A39AA085BE57E928360</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9D1068F2503457BF9D312C21185B8DB7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:713F5A32064A50D9B43CC0A2C3BA69A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/713F5A32064A50D9B43CC0A2C3BA69A8" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6W5JJ" ID-ENA="2976262" LSID="713F5A32-064A-50D9-B43C-C0A2C3BA69A8" authority="Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Polyplocia orientalis Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Polyplocia orientalis</taxonomicName>
Nguyen &amp; Bae, 2003: 280.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">Polyplocia orientalis</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.9" author="Goncalves, IC" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="553 - 560" refId="B10" refString="Goncalves, IC, Peters, JG, 2016. A new species of Polyplocia Lestage from Malaysia with comments on the genus (Ephemeroptera, Euthyplociidae, Euthyplociinae). Zootaxa 4184 (3): 553 - 560, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.9" title="A new species of Polyplocia Lestage from Malaysia with comments on the genus (Ephemeroptera, Euthyplociidae, Euthyplociinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.9" volume="4184" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
and Peters 2016
</bibRefCitation>
: 554.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="redescription">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Redescription of mature nymphs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
See also
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2003.9647716" author="Nguyen, VV" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="279 - 282" refId="B20" refString="Nguyen, VV, Bae, YJ, 2003. A new euthyplociid burrowing mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Euthyplociinae, Polymitarcyidae) from Vietnam. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences 7 (3): 279 - 282, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2003.9647716" title="A new euthyplociid burrowing mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Euthyplociinae, Polymitarcyidae) from Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2003.9647716" volume="7" year="2003">Nguyen and Bae (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. Body length 25.0-35.0 mm in males (n = 5), 35.0-40.0 mm in females (n = 5) (tusks included, caudal filaments excluded) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
), mandibular tusks about 1/5-1/6 body length (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
), body parts generally yellowish-brown to reddish-dark (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A-K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Nymphal habitus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Nymph of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Head and prothorax;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Hind-leg;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
mid-leg;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Foreleg;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Gill I;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Gill IV;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
Hind-leg (ventral view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Fore-tarsus and claw;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
Apex of fore-tibia;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
Abdomen (dorsal view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D, F, G, I-K</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Head brownish-yellow, flattened, nearly trapezoidal, length subequal to width, slightly narrower than pronotum. Lateral ocelli pale, but with dark base, median ocellus indistinct; compound eyes round, at posterolateral corner of head, distance between compound eyes ca. 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
each eye width. Antennae around 10.0 mm (n = 5), longer than mandibular tusks, almost glabrous; scape and pedicel subequal in length, their length slightly larger than width; anterior margin of clypeus convex (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Mouthparts light yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A-H</figureCitation>
), except the reddish-brown mandibular tusks. Labrum slightly concave on anterior margin, with setae along anterior and lateral margins, those on anterior margin stouter and denser, also with a tuft of longer setae on dorsal surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3C</figureCitation>
). Anterolateral corner of mandibles elongated into tusks; tusks flattened, pointed at apex, 4.0-6.5 mm, ca. 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the head width (n = 5), densely set with setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3F</figureCitation>
), divided into longer hair-like setae on both inner and outer margins which are longer near the base and stout setae on apical 1/3 of outer margin; 3-12 denticles set on outer margin of apical tusks (n = 5) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D</figureCitation>
); incisor and kinetodontium each with 4 and 3 blunt denticles, respectively on left mandible, incisor with 4 blunt denticles and kinetodontium with 2 sharp denticles on right mandible (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A, B</figureCitation>
). Maxillae with hair-like setae on both medial and lateral margins, three canines sharp, a row of bristles present on top of crown near the canines (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3H</figureCitation>
). Maxillary palpi three-segmented, length ratio of segments I: II: III = 1.0: 1.0: 2.0, basal segment with setae on outer margin, apical two segments surrounded by long hair-like setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3H</figureCitation>
). Hypopharynx rounded, front margin concave, hair-like setae set sparsely along margins; superlinguae extended anterolaterally, with setae on margins, denser on the leading margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3E</figureCitation>
). Labium: glossae and paraglossae with hair-like setae on dorsal surface, ventral surface and margins, longer and denser on margins; paraglossae expanded laterally, glossae pointed ventrally apically; labial palpi three-segmented, 2.5: 1.0: 1.6 in length, long hair-like setae present on margins of basal and apical segment and outer margin of second segment; apical segment expanded, with a row of stout setae on anteromedial margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Nymphal mouthparts of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Right mandible (ventral view); B Left mandible (ventral view); C Labrum (dorsal view); D Apex of mandibular tusk; E Hypopharynx (ventral view); F Right mandible (dorsal view); G Labium (ventral view); H Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801020" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Nymphal mouthparts of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Right mandible (ventral view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Left mandible (ventral view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Labrum (dorsal view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Apex of mandibular tusk;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Hypopharynx (ventral view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Right mandible (dorsal view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
Labium (ventral view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Left maxilla (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Pronotum reddish-brown with dark markings, subquadrate, lateral margins expanded slightly (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
); anterolateral corners projected into acute points; lateral flange also extended into acute points (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
). Mesonotum and metanotum reddish-brown, width subequal to pronotum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). Prolegs situated closely at prosternum, making the latter triangular (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Legs yellowish-brown; foreleg longest while mid-leg shortest (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). Length ratio of femora: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 1.1: 0.6 in foreleg (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2D</figureCitation>
), 1.0: 1.0: 0.3 in mid-leg (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
), 1.0: 0.7: 0.3 in hind-leg (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2B</figureCitation>
). Coxae and trochanters of all legs with hair-like setae on margins, mid-coxae with expanded supracoxal projections (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). Femora of legs expanded, fore-femora and mid-femora densely covered with both short spine-like setae and long hair-like setae on margins and dorsal surface, hind-femora with hair-like setae on outer margin, but very sparse setae on inner margin and dorsal surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2B-D</figureCitation>
); hind-femora with subapical setae patch on ventral surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2G</figureCitation>
). Fore- and mid-tibiae with an apical, triangular, pyramidal spine or spur overlapping tarsi to about 1/3 of tarsal length (larger on fore-tarsi), margins with bristle-like setae (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2I</figureCitation>
); fore- and mid-tibiae with hair-like setae on both margins, some short spine-like setae at apex; hind-tibiae with sparse hair-like setae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2B</figureCitation>
); mid-tibiae with clear patello-tibial suture. Fore-tarsi with a sharp apical projection covering claw, with hair-like setae on margins and dorsal surface, additional spine-like setae on margin and projection (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2H</figureCitation>
); mid-tarsi with hair-like setae and a row of short spine-like setae dorsally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
); hind-tarsi with sparse hair-like setae. Claws stout and hooked (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Abdomen dark brown with light markings, including a pale mid-line, two pairs of pale medial dots and two pairs of lateral pale dots on each tergum, median pairs of dots progressively shortening from anterior to posterior segments (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2J</figureCitation>
); sterna light to pale brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2K</figureCitation>
). A pair of gills on abdominal segments I-VII (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
); gills I light grey, smaller than others (less than 2 mm), divided into two lobes, dorsal lobe larger and expanded distally, about 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of ventral one (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2E</figureCitation>
); gills II-VII similar, light to dark grey, bifurcated at base, dorsal lamella slightly shorter than ventral lamella, both lamellae slender and fringed with hairs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2F</figureCitation>
). Terminal filament sub-equal to body length, cerci ca. 3/5 of body length (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
), all with short spine-like setae on articulations and hair-like setae on both margins, progressively shorter from base to apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of male imagoes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Body length 16.0-18.0 mm (n = 3) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
). Head dark brown, compound eyes black, width between eyes subequal to eye width (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
). Three ocelli white, but with dark basal band, rounded, medial one smallest. Antennae sub-equal to head width, scape and pedicel stout, dark brown, flagella filamentous, light brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
). Pronotum yellowish-black with light markings, nearly trapezoidal in dorsal view, length sub-equal to width, lateral and posterior margins ridged, posterior one slightly wider than head (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
). Mesonotum and metanotum yellowish-brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Male imago of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Forewings 19.0-22.0 mm, hindwings 7.0-8.0 mm (n = 3) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Forewing; B Posterior area of hind-wing; C Hind-wing. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, C); 1.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A-C</figureCitation>
). Forewings translucent, base, costal and subcostal areas tinged brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Forewing; B Posterior area of hind-wing; C Hind-wing. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, C); 1.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
); longitudinal veins light to dark brown; forking point of MA at about 1/3 distance from base to margin, same level as fork of Rs; MP forked near base. Two longitudinal intercalaries (ICu) share a common stem attaching to CuP, some sigmoid veins originating from posterior ICu going to hind-margin; CuP and A1 also with veinlets connecting them to hind-margin of wing (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Forewing; B Posterior area of hind-wing; C Hind-wing. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, C); 1.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A</figureCitation>
). Hindwings hyaline, but with pigmented base; costal process round; Rs forked at about 1/3 distance from base to margin, MP forked at about 1/4 distance from base to margin, MA simple; anal region with some veinlets directed towards margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Forewing; B Posterior area of hind-wing; C Hind-wing. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, C); 1.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Wings of male
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Forewing;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Posterior area of hind-wing;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Hind-wing. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C</emphasis>
); 1.0 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Legs grey to light brown with dark markings, femora of all legs with pale base, tarsi paler than tibiae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Legs of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Foreleg; B Mid-leg; C Hind-leg; D Claw of foreleg; E claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A-C</figureCitation>
). Forelegs sub-equal to body length, hind-legs longer than mid-legs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Legs of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Foreleg; B Mid-leg; C Hind-leg; D Claw of foreleg; E claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A-C</figureCitation>
). Femora: tibiae: tarsi = 1.0: 1.5: 1.3 in forelegs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Legs of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Foreleg; B Mid-leg; C Hind-leg; D Claw of foreleg; E claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
), 1.0: 1.1: 0.3 in mid-legs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Legs of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Foreleg; B Mid-leg; C Hind-leg; D Claw of foreleg; E claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6B</figureCitation>
), 1.3: 1.0: 0.3 in hind-legs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Legs of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Foreleg; B Mid-leg; C Hind-leg; D Claw of foreleg; E claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6C</figureCitation>
). Ratios of tarsomeres I: II: III: IV: V in forelegs = 1.0: 15.0: 12.5: 10.0: 7.0 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
); mid- and hind-tarsi four-segmented, length ratio of tarsomeres = 1.0: 1.0: 1.0: 3.0 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Legs of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Foreleg; B Mid-leg; C Hind-leg; D Claw of foreleg; E claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6B, C</figureCitation>
). Claws paired, fore-claws lamellar-shaped, a very small hook present apically (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Legs of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Foreleg; B Mid-leg; C Hind-leg; D Claw of foreleg; E claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
). Mid- and hind-claws similar, sharply hooked (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Legs of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Foreleg; B Mid-leg; C Hind-leg; D Claw of foreleg; E claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801024" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Legs of male
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Foreleg;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Mid-leg;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Hind-leg;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Claw of foreleg;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
claw of mid-leg. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
); 0.1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Abdomen grey to brown dorsally, with light markings as in larvae, two pairs of pale dots on each segment, lateral margins pale (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
). Styliger plate yellowish-brown, posterior margin straight (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Genitalia of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Ventral view; B Detail of forceps (ventral view); C Penis (ventral view); D Penis (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A</figureCitation>
). Forceps yellowish-brown with a dark marking near apex, about 3.5 mm (n = 3), one segmented, slender and cylindrical, but flattened apically, about 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of penis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Genitalia of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Ventral view; B Detail of forceps (ventral view); C Penis (ventral view); D Penis (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A, B</figureCitation>
). Penis yellowish with dark shading, flattened; basal 2/3 fused together, apical 1/3 divided with a V-shape cleft; each lobe has a deep apical depression and extended apico-laterally into beak-like structure, margins sclerotised (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Genitalia of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Ventral view; B Detail of forceps (ventral view); C Penis (ventral view); D Penis (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C, D</figureCitation>
). Caudal filaments grey brown, about 3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, some short setae on surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Ventral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Detail of forceps (ventral view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Penis (ventral view);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Penis (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of female subimagoes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
. Body length 28 mm, similar to female imago, except dorsal surface and lateral margin of pronotum smooth, length/width of pronotum larger in female subimago than in imago, scutellum more protruded (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Females of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Female subimago, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Female imago, dorsal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Foreleg of female imago;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Mid-leg of female imago;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-B</emphasis>
); 1.0 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of female imagoes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Colour pattern, veins and other characters similar to male. Body length 26.0 mm (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
). Head dark, compound eyes black, width between eyes about 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of each eye (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
). Ocelli white, rounded, medial ocellus smallest. Pronotum black with light markings, corrugated in dorsal view. Mesonotum yellowish-brown, scutellum slightly protruded. No obvious sexual dimorphism on wings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Legs brownish-grey, Femora: tibiae: tarsi = 1.0: 1.2: 0.8 in forelegs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
), 1.0: 1.0: 0.3 in mid-legs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D</figureCitation>
), 1.3: 1.0: 0.3 in hind-legs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8E</figureCitation>
). Tarsomere I: II: III: IV: V in forelegs = 1.0: 4.0: 2.0: 1.5: 2.0 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8C</figureCitation>
); length ratio of mid- and hind-tarsomeres = 0.7: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0: 2.8 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D-E</figureCitation>
). Claws paired, all claws similar, sharply hooked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Abdomen dark brown dorsally, with light markings as in male imagoes, with four pairs of light dots and a light mid-line on each segment (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of sternum VII and subanal plate smooth, not obviously protruding or cleft (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Female subimago, dorsal view; B Female imago, dorsal view; C Foreleg of female imago; D Mid-leg of female imago; E Hind-leg of female imago. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A-B); 1.0 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801026" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of eggs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Dissected from female imago, barrel-shaped, smooth without apparent polar cap or ridges (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Egg of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 0.05 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801027" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801027" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Egg of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">China (Yunnan Province), Vietnam (Dak Lak Province, Lam Dong Province, Thua Thien Hue Province).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The mature nymphs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by a large body (25.0-40.0 mm) and long mandibular tusks (4.0-6.5 mm) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Nymphal habitus of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801018" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
), acute anterolateral apex of pronotum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
), uniformly pale abdominal sterna (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2K</figureCitation>
) and apically expanded dorsal lobe of gill I (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2E</figureCitation>
). Their imagoes can be easily recognised by transparent wings (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
), smooth eggs in females (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Egg of Polyplocia orientalis from China. Scale bar: 0.05 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801027" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
) and T-shaped male penis with apical depression on both lobes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Genitalia of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Ventral view; B Detail of forceps (ventral view); C Penis (ventral view); D Penis (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A-D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.9" author="Goncalves, IC" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="553 - 560" refId="B10" refString="Goncalves, IC, Peters, JG, 2016. A new species of Polyplocia Lestage from Malaysia with comments on the genus (Ephemeroptera, Euthyplociidae, Euthyplociinae). Zootaxa 4184 (3): 553 - 560, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.9" title="A new species of Polyplocia Lestage from Malaysia with comments on the genus (Ephemeroptera, Euthyplociidae, Euthyplociinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.9" volume="4184" year="2016">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
and Peters (2016)
</bibRefCitation>
examined specimens of almost all known
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and provided details of their comparison. We use their information as the basis of this comparative discussion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vitalisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vitalisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. vitalisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in most characters. Both have transparent wings (except costal and subcostal sections of forewings), two intercalaries between CuA and CuP, cross-veins without surrounding clouds (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Forewing; B Posterior area of hind-wing; C Hind-wing. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, C); 1.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
). There are two differences between them: 1) body size of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 16.0-18.0 mm, while that of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vitalisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vitalisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. vitalisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is around 12 mm; 2) the penis lobes of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are extended laterally and pointed with deeply concave lateral margins (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Genitalia of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Ventral view; B Detail of forceps (ventral view); C Penis (ventral view); D Penis (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
), but the penis lobes of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vitalisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vitalisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. vitalisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are almost straight.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. campylociella" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="campylociella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. campylociella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have penis lobes similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vitalisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vitalisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. vitalisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the cross-veins of forewings are pigmented and the membrane has a brown tinge. It can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
easily.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nebulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have pigmented cross-veins, both the abdominal terga and sterna have distinct brown markings. Further, its penis lobes are almost entirely fused with a very shallow emargination between the two lobes. In contrast, the males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described in the present study, have clear wings (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of male Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Forewing; B Posterior area of hind-wing; C Hind-wing. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A, C); 1.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
), somewhat uniform abdominal color (except terga with two pairs of pale dots) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male imago of Polyplocia orientalis from China: A Lateral view; B Dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801021" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
) and slimmer penial lobes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Genitalia of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Ventral view; B Detail of forceps (ventral view); C Penis (ventral view); D Penis (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801025" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Nymphs of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the possible nymph of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nebulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar to each other. Only three points are found to separate them. First, in mature nymphs, the lateral margins of the pronotal flanges of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nebulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are almost straight and parallel to the margin of the pronotum, the anterolateral corner tapers abruptly forming a relatively blunt apex; while those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are slightly sinuous and the anterolateral corner tapers gradually forming a more acute apex (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
). Second, the dorsal lobe of the first pair of gills of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nebulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have nearly parallel lateral margins but those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have an apically expanded larger lobe (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2E</figureCitation>
). Third, the abdominal sterna of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nebulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have brown markings, while those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack such markings (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Nymph of Polyplocia orientalis from China A Head and prothorax; B Hind-leg; C mid-leg; D Foreleg; E Gill I; F Gill IV; G Hind-leg (ventral view); H Fore-tarsus and claw; I Apex of fore-tibia; J Abdomen (dorsal view); K Abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (A-D, F, G, I-K); 0.1 mm (E, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801019" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2K</figureCitation>
). In addition, their eggs are different: eggs of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nebulosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. nebulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have mesh with raised ridges, while eggs are smooth and glabrous in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The nymphs of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. campylociella" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="campylociella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. campylociella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were only tentatively associated and have not been confirmed, not being discussed here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="genetic identity">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Genetic identity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Morphologically, our Chinese nymphal specimens match perfectly with the original description of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2003.9647716" author="Nguyen, VV" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="279 - 282" refId="B20" refString="Nguyen, VV, Bae, YJ, 2003. A new euthyplociid burrowing mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Euthyplociinae, Polymitarcyidae) from Vietnam. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences 7 (3): 279 - 282, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2003.9647716" title="A new euthyplociid burrowing mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Euthyplociinae, Polymitarcyidae) from Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/12265071.2003.9647716" volume="7" year="2003">Nguyen and Bae (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and some figures provided by colleagues. To ensure our identification, we also sequenced the COI gene of our specimen. The K2P genetic distance is 0.10 between our sequence (GenBank accession number OP962407) and a sequence stored in the GenBank of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. orientalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GenBank accession number OP347109.1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Nymphs were found in small forested streams narrower than 0.6 m, some sections of the stream had almost no flow, width less than 0.2 m and depth 1-15 cm. Nymphs of different instars were found at the same time (length from 0.5-40 mm), hidden in mud under stones (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitat of Polyplocia orientalis nymphs from China." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801028" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</figureCitation>
). Imagoes were collected at night sporadically, the rest on nearby vegetation. Judging from all the available information, it is assumed to be a univoltine and highly asynchronous population.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.70.96986.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/801028" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Bae" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Euthyplociidae" genus="Polyplocia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyplocia orientalis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyplocia orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nymphs from China.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink