treatments-xml/data/03/F3/87/03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

610 lines
60 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6183f557-d88b-466e-81ea-549149b529cb" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750099" ID-ISSN="13132970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791808" checkinTime="1587980814297" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Knoflach, Barbara, Rollard, Christine &amp; Thaler, Konrad" docDate="2009" docId="03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2018.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 16 (16)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BEF2356135E79670CA200BCAD40C4E3A:zookeys.2008.journal_article" docStyleId="BEF2356135E79670CA200BCAD40C4E3A" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Episinus algiricus Lucas 1846" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="233" masterDocId="FFCAFFADFFF9FFBB0668FF80CE62FFD7" masterDocTitle="Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) II" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="227" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1636539309459" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) II</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knoflach, Barbara</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck ,, Austria</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rollard, Christine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris ,, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Thaler, Konrad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck ,, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-07-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>227</mods:start>
<mods:end>264</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.16.237</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6183f557-d88b-466e-81ea-549149b529cb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">13132970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576484</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791808" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791808" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<subSubSection box="[140,501,166,193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,501,166,229]" box="[140,501,166,193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<heading box="[140,501,166,193]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" reason="3">
<taxonomicName authority="Lucas, 1846" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" box="[140,501,166,193]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,501,166,193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,349,166,193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Episinus algiricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lucas" box="[356,501,166,193]" firstAuthor="Lucas" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" refId="ref16782" refString="Lucas H (1846) Histoire naturelle des Animaux articules. Arachnides. In: Exploration scientifique de l'Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842. Sciences physiques, Zoologie, 1 (Paris): 89 - 321, pl. 1 - 22." type="journal volume" year="1846">Lucas, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[140,469,202,229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,501,166,229]" box="[140,469,202,229]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<figureCitation box="[140,345,202,229]" captionStart-0="Figures 10-12" captionStart-1="Figures 13-18" captionStartId-0="5.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionStartId-1="7.[140,222,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox-0="[147,1101,942,1603]" captionTargetBox-1="[219,1021,594,1534]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[140,1108,936,1603]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[215,1033,586,1538]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="Figures 10-12. Episinus algiricus Lucas from France, Menton. Male palp, retrolateral (10), ventral (11), prolateral view (12). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale line: 0.30 mm." captionText-1="Figures 13-18. Episinus algiricus Lucas (13, 15, 16, 17) from Gallia (MHNP AR 2196) (13, 17) and France: Landes (15, 16; type of E. albescens Denis). E. maculipes Cavanna (14, 18) from Gallia (MHNP AR 2196, sub E. algiricus). Epigynum ventral (13-14), epigynum/vulva, ventral (15, 17-18), dorsal view (16). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814460" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814462" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3814460/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3814462/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Figs 10-13, 15-17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[357,469,202,229]" captionStart="Figures 21-27" captionStartId="9.[140,222,1288,1310]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[140,1108,165,1269]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 21-27. Episinus maculipes Cavanna from Sardinia (21, 23, 24), E. algiricus Lucas from Sardinia (22, 25, 26) and E. theridioides Simon from Corsica (27). Male (21-23, 25), female (24, 26, 27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814470/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">22, 25-26</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1107,272,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<treatmentCitation author="Lucas H" box="[140,531,272,299]" page="269" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" year="1846">
<taxonomicName authority="Lucas, 1846: 269" authorityName="Lucas" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1846" box="[140,531,272,299]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis box="[140,327,272,298]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Episinus algiricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lucas" box="[333,531,272,299]" firstAuthor="Lucas" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" refId="ref16782" refString="Lucas H (1846) Histoire naturelle des Animaux articules. Arachnides. In: Exploration scientifique de l'Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842. Sciences physiques, Zoologie, 1 (Paris): 89 - 321, pl. 1 - 22." type="journal volume" year="1846">Lucas, 1846: 269</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 11, pl. 17, subadult male,
<typeStatus box="[880,928,273,299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
region:
<collectingCountry box="[1021,1104,272,298]" name="Algeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Algeria</collectingCountry>
, not examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1107,272,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<treatmentCitation author="Denis J" box="[140,538,342,369]" page="611" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" year="1965">
<taxonomicName authority="Denis, 1965: 611" authorityName="Denis" authorityPageNumber="611" authorityYear="1965" box="[140,538,342,369]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albescens">
<emphasis box="[140,331,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Episinus albescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[337,538,342,369]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="611 - 613" refId="ref15934" refString="Denis J (1965) Un Episinus nouveau pour la faune de France (Araneidae Theridiidae). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (2) 36 (5): 611 - 613." type="journal article" year="1965">Denis, 1965: 611</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 1-3, female,
<typeStatus box="[734,833,343,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">holotype</typeStatus>
from Landes,
<collectingCountry box="[995,1073,343,369]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">France</collectingCountry>
, in MHNP, examined,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[407,486,378,404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">syn. n.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,448,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,470,448,474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis box="[140,285,448,474]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
, identification.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kulczynski" box="[482,697,448,475]" firstAuthor="Kulczynski" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="430 - 440" refId="ref16466" refString="Kulczynski W (1905) Fragmenta arachnologica III. 6. De Episinis. Annotatio altera. Bulletin international de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie, 1905: 430 - 440, pl. 11." type="journal article" year="1905">Kulczyński (1905)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[713,862,448,475]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="611 - 613" refId="ref15934" refString="Denis J (1965) Un Episinus nouveau pour la faune de France (Araneidae Theridiidae). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (2) 36 (5): 611 - 613." type="journal article" year="1965">Denis (1965</bibRefCitation>
; sub
<taxonomicName authorityName="Denis" authorityYear="1965" box="[929,1059,448,474]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albescens">
<emphasis box="[929,1059,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">E. albescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female),
<bibRefCitation author="Knoflach and Thaler" box="[220,537,483,510]" firstAuthor="Knoflach" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref16350" refString="Knoflach B, Thaler K (2000) Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) - I. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 78 (2): 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2000">Knoflach and Thaler (2000</bibRefCitation>
, female). Species name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" box="[812,902,483,509]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis box="[812,902,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">algiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as in original description (see
<bibRefCitation author="Lucas" box="[296,489,519,546]" firstAuthor="Lucas" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" refId="ref16782" refString="Lucas H (1846) Histoire naturelle des Animaux articules. Arachnides. In: Exploration scientifique de l'Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842. Sciences physiques, Zoologie, 1 (Paris): 89 - 321, pl. 1 - 22." type="journal volume" year="1846">Lucas 1846: 269</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,448,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,317,553,579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis box="[185,312,553,579]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" reason="1">Synonymy</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus box="[380,428,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
specimen (female) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Denis" authorityYear="1965" box="[690,884,554,580]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albescens">
<emphasis box="[690,884,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Episinus albescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is in rather poor condition, allows a clear synonymisation according to the epigynal/vulval characters (
<figureCitation box="[195,321,624,651]" captionStart="Figures 13-18" captionStartId="7.[140,222,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[219,1021,594,1534]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1033,586,1538]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 13-18. Episinus algiricus Lucas (13, 15, 16, 17) from Gallia (MHNP AR 2196) (13, 17) and France: Landes (15, 16; type of E. albescens Denis). E. maculipes Cavanna (14, 18) from Gallia (MHNP AR 2196, sub E. algiricus). Epigynum ventral (13-14), epigynum/vulva, ventral (15, 17-18), dorsal view (16). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814462/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Figs 15-16</figureCitation>
). Shape and size of epigynal cavity and receptacula agree well with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">E. algiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also colour pattern and the abdominal shape figured by
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[897,1049,659,686]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" pagination="611 - 613" refId="ref15934" refString="Denis J (1965) Un Episinus nouveau pour la faune de France (Araneidae Theridiidae). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (2) 36 (5): 611 - 613." type="journal article" year="1965">Denis (1965)</bibRefCitation>
support this interpretation.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Denis" authorityYear="1965" box="[421,548,695,721]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albescens">
<emphasis box="[421,548,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">E. albescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been recorded since its description. The
<typeStatus box="[140,188,730,756]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
locality in Landes lies within the distribution area of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" box="[793,914,730,756]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis box="[793,914,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">E. algiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,448,863]" lastBlockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,508,765,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis box="[185,284,765,791]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" reason="1">Material</emphasis>
examined.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939366" collectedFrom="sub Episinus truncatus" collectionCode="MHNP" country="France" location="Cavalaire" municipality="Var" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="AR 2198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry box="[423,503,765,791]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">France</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[517,556,766,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Var</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFCFFBE0452FD7DCCC1FCC0" box="[570,675,765,791]" country="France" municipality="Var" name="Cavalaire" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Cavalaire</location>
,
<specimenCount box="[688,730,765,793]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[752,841,765,791]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a5xg-x4h4" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Perpignan" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">MHNP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[851,957,765,791]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">AR 2198</specimenCode>
,
<collectedFrom pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
sub
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1809" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Episinus truncatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
).
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939338" box="[265,909,800,828]" collectingDate="1915-05-22" collectionCode="MHNP" collectorName="E. Simon" country="France" location="Menton" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="AR 2184" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFCFFBE0761FCA1CF04FCEC" box="[265,358,801,827]" name="Menton" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Menton</location>
,
<specimenCount box="[372,415,800,828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[437,526,800,826]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a5xg-x4h4" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Perpignan" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">MHNP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[536,644,800,826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">AR 2184</specimenCode>
),
<date box="[667,784,800,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" value="1915-05-22">
<collectingDate box="[667,784,800,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" value="1915-05-22">22.5.1915</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[799,909,800,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">E. Simon</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939365" collectionCode="MHNP" country="France" location="Gallia" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="AR 2196" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-male="2">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFCFFBE05CCFCA0CD8AFCED" box="[932,1000,800,826]" name="Gallia" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Gallia</location>
” without exact locality,
<specimenCount box="[291,329,836,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[345,380,835,862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount box="[393,499,835,862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[513,602,836,862]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a5xg-x4h4" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Perpignan" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">MHNP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[608,712,835,862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">AR 2196</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939345" collectingDate="1962-08" collectionCode="MHNP" collectorName="Schilt" country="France" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="233" location="Dax" municipality="Landes" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[730,811,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Landes</collectingMunicipality>
, surroundings of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFCFFBE058FFCC4CA7AFC89" box="[999,1048,836,862]" municipality="Landes" name="Dax" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Dax</location>
,
<specimenCount box="[1058,1093,836,862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date box="[140,283,167,193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="1962-08">
<collectingDate box="[140,283,167,193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="1962-08">August 1962</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName box="[338,401,167,193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Schilt</collectorName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[414,547,166,193]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="611 - 613" refId="ref15934" refString="Denis J (1965) Un Episinus nouveau pour la faune de France (Araneidae Theridiidae). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (2) 36 (5): 611 - 613." type="journal article" year="1965">Denis 1965</bibRefCitation>
; type of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Denis" authorityYear="1965" box="[639,760,167,193]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albescens">
<emphasis box="[639,760,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. albescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; faded and shrivelled;
<collectionCode box="[1003,1096,167,193]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a5xg-x4h4" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Perpignan" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">MHNP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939331" box="[140,728,202,228]" collectedFrom="sub E. angulatus" collectionCode="MHNP" country="France" location="Evisa" municipality="Corse" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCode="AR 2206" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[140,207,202,228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Corse</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFFFFBD06B1FF4ACF76FF33" box="[217,276,202,228]" municipality="Corse" name="Evisa" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Evisa</location>
,
<specimenCount box="[286,321,202,228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[342,431,202,228]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a5xg-x4h4" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Perpignan" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">MHNP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[437,536,202,228]" collectionCode="MHNP" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a5xg-x4h4" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Perpignan" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">AR 2206</specimenCode>
<collectedFrom box="[542,718,202,228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
sub
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blackwall" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[586,718,202,228]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">
<emphasis box="[586,718,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. angulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939400" collectingDate="2003-06-02" collectingMethod="beating from Quercus" collectionCode="CTh" collectorName="B. Knoflach &amp; K. Thaler" country="Italy" county="Ogliastra" elevation="718" latitude="40.105316" location="W Baunei" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.581117" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sardinia">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[739,800,202,228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<collectingCountry box="[739,795,202,228]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Italy</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion box="[805,898,202,228]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty box="[908,1011,202,228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Ogliastra</collectingCounty>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFFFFBD0595FF4ACED2FED0" country="Italy" county="Ogliastra" latitude="40.105316" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.581117" name="W Baunei" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" stateProvince="Sardinia">W Baunei</location>
,
<quantity box="[189,265,237,264]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.18" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="718.0">
<elevation box="[189,265,237,264]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.18" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="718.0">718 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[278,434,237,264]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="06.319" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" precision="1" value="40.105316">40°06.319 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[447,597,237,264]" degrees="09" direction="east" minutes="34.867" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" precision="1" value="9.581117">09°34.867 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount box="[610,651,237,265]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[670,722,237,263]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">CTh</collectionCode>
),
<date box="[747,850,237,263]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="2003-06-02">
<collectingDate box="[747,850,237,263]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="2003-06-02">2.6.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod box="[863,1100,237,264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
beating from
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1014,1100,238,264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1014,1100,238,264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectingMethod>
, leg.
<collectorName box="[187,321,272,299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">B. Knoflach</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[363,468,272,299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">K. Thaler</collectorName>
[Th-443 Sa03/2]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939369" collectedFrom="pasture plateau" collectingDate="2003-06-05" collectingMethod="beating from Cistus" collectionCode="CTh" collectorName="B. Knoflach &amp; K. Thaler" country="Italy" county="Baunei" elevation="635" latitude="40.096516" location="Codula di Luna" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.552633" municipality="Dorgali" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingCounty box="[680,759,272,298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Baunei</collectingCounty>
/
<collectingMunicipality box="[768,854,272,298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Dorgali</collectingMunicipality>
, close to branch-off to
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFFFFBD06E4FEB3CF5EFE99" box="[140,316,307,334]" country="Italy" county="Baunei" latitude="40.096516" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.552633" municipality="Dorgali" name="Codula di Luna" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" stateProvince="Sardegna">Codula di Luna</location>
,
<quantity box="[326,401,307,334]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="635.0">
<elevation box="[326,401,307,334]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="635.0">635 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[412,565,307,334]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="05.791" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" precision="1" value="40.096516">40°05.791 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[576,724,307,334]" degrees="09" direction="east" minutes="33.158" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" precision="1" value="9.552633">09°33.158 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount box="[735,771,308,334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[791,843,307,333]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">CTh</collectionCode>
),
<date box="[866,969,307,334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="2003-06-05">
<collectingDate box="[866,969,307,334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="2003-06-05">5.6.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectedFrom pageId="6" pageNumber="233">pasture plateau</collectedFrom>
,
<collectingMethod box="[201,414,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
beating from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Demoly" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Emb. &amp; Maire" box="[351,414,343,369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[351,414,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Cistus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectingMethod>
, leg.
<collectorName box="[475,608,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">B. Knoflach</collectorName>
and
<collectorName box="[664,768,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">K. Thaler</collectorName>
[Th-455 Sa03/14]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939403" collectingDate="2003-06-05" collectingMethod="beating in oak forest with rocky, bare ground" collectionCode="CTh" collectorName="B. Knoflach &amp; K. Thaler" country="Italy" elevation="220" latitude="40.2715" location="Cala Gonone" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.610683" municipality="E Dorgali" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<collectingMunicipality box="[992,1103,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E Dorgali</collectingMunicipality>
, above
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFFFFBD06B9FEFACF0AFE43" box="[209,360,378,404]" country="Italy" county="Ogliastra" latitude="40.2715" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="9.610683" municipality="E Dorgali" name="Cala Gonone" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" stateProvince="Sardegna">Cala Gonone</location>
,
<quantity box="[370,445,378,404]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="220.0">
<elevation box="[370,445,378,404]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[456,610,378,404]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="16.290" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" precision="1" value="40.2715">40°16.290 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[621,769,378,404]" degrees="09" direction="east" minutes="36.641" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" precision="1" value="9.610683">09°36.641 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount box="[781,816,378,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[837,889,378,404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">CTh</collectionCode>
),
<date box="[912,1015,378,405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="2003-06-05">
<collectingDate box="[912,1015,378,405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="2003-06-05">5.6.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod pageId="6" pageNumber="233">beating in oak forest with rocky, bare ground</collectingMethod>
, leg.
<collectorName box="[603,735,413,440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">B. Knoflach</collectorName>
and
<collectorName box="[790,893,413,440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">K. Thaler</collectorName>
[Th-458 Sa03/17]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939378" collectedFrom="salt marsh near airport, from scrub" collectingDate="2007-04-27" collectionCode="CM" collectorName="C. Muster" country="Tunisia" latitude="35.75" location="Monastir" longLatPrecision="1191" longitude="10.783334" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Monastir">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,233,448,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis box="[140,228,448,474]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" reason="1">
<collectingCountry box="[140,228,448,474]" name="Tunisia" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion box="[243,345,448,474]" country="Tunisia" name="Monastir" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Monastir</collectingRegion>
,
<collectedFrom box="[360,620,448,475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">salt marsh near airport</collectedFrom>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[634,730,448,475]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" precision="925" value="35.75">35°45N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[740,832,448,474]" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" precision="925" value="10.783334">10°47E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount box="[847,889,448,476]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[912,962,448,474]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">CM</collectionCode>
),
<date box="[985,1103,448,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="2007-04-27">
<collectingDate box="[985,1103,448,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" value="2007-04-27">27.4.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectedFrom box="[140,263,483,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">from scrub</collectedFrom>
, leg.
<collectorName box="[319,434,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">C. Muster</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3042939343" box="[445,1054,483,510]" collectionCode="MHNP" country="Algeria" location="Foret de Zonagha" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[445,535,483,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<collectingCountry box="[445,531,483,509]" name="Algeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Algeria</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFFCFFBC06E4FF27CD4DFF33:8E856018FFFFFFBD044FFE64CC92FE2A" box="[551,752,483,510]" country="Algeria" name="Foret de Zonagha" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Forêt de Zonagha</location>
”,
<specimenCount box="[773,809,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[830,937,483,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[953,1046,484,510]" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a5xg-x4h4" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Perpignan" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">MHNP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814460/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" startId="5.[140,222,1622,1644]" subCaptionStartIDs="5.[368,429,1654,1676]" subCaptionStarts="figures d" targetBox="[147,1101,942,1603]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1622,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,295,1622,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Figures 10-12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Lucas" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" box="[301,511,1622,1644]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis box="[301,454,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Episinus algiricus</emphasis>
Lucas
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry box="[568,632,1623,1644]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">France</collectingCountry>
, Menton. Male palp, retrolateral (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[945,971,1622,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">1 0</emphasis>
), ventral (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1067,1093,1622,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">11</emphasis>
), prolateral view (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[289,316,1654,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">1 2</emphasis>
). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale line:
<quantity box="[727,816,1655,1676]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.30 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,365,519,545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis box="[185,360,519,545]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" reason="1">Measurements</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Males (n=5, min-max): Total length 2.9-4.2, carapace length 1.2- 1.6, width 1.0-1.4, length femur I 3.4-4.2, tibia I
<quantity box="[726,869,554,580]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="3.3499999999999996" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="2.8">2.8-3.9 mm</quantity>
. Females (n=5, minmax): Total length 4.2-5.0, carapace length 1.5-1.6, width 1.2-1.4, length femur I 2.5-2.8, tibia I
<quantity box="[311,451,624,651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.1">2.1-2.4 mm</quantity>
. Prosoma smaller than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanna" authorityYear="1876" box="[742,878,624,650]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis box="[742,878,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. maculipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see also
<bibRefCitation author="Kulczynski" firstAuthor="Kulczynski" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="430 - 440" refId="ref16466" refString="Kulczynski W (1905) Fragmenta arachnologica III. 6. De Episinis. Annotatio altera. Bulletin international de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie, 1905: 430 - 440, pl. 11." type="journal article" year="1905">Kulczyński 1905</bibRefCitation>
), but male legs comparatively longer (
<figureCitation box="[631,715,659,686]" captionStart="Figures 21-27" captionStartId="9.[140,222,1288,1310]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[140,1108,165,1269]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 21-27. Episinus maculipes Cavanna from Sardinia (21, 23, 24), E. algiricus Lucas from Sardinia (22, 25, 26) and E. theridioides Simon from Corsica (27). Male (21-23, 25), female (24, 26, 27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814470/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,534,694,720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis box="[185,282,694,720]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" reason="1">Somatic</emphasis>
features, colouration
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[547,714,694,721]" captionStart="Figures 21-27" captionStartId="9.[140,222,1288,1310]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[140,1108,165,1269]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 21-27. Episinus maculipes Cavanna from Sardinia (21, 23, 24), E. algiricus Lucas from Sardinia (22, 25, 26) and E. theridioides Simon from Corsica (27). Male (21-23, 25), female (24, 26, 27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814470/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Figs 22, 25-26</figureCitation>
). Habitus, colour and pattern similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanna" authorityYear="1876" box="[204,340,730,756]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis box="[204,340,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. maculipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sternum dark, its light median stripe narrower than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanna" authorityYear="1876" box="[965,1100,730,756]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis box="[965,1100,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. maculipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sometimes even missing. Carapace with brown median band and reticulate pattern at margins. These and leg markings more diffuse than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanna" authorityYear="1876" box="[773,912,800,826]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis box="[773,912,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. maculipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Venter and epigaster usually dark or greyish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,303,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis box="[185,245,871,897]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" reason="1">Male</emphasis>
palp
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[315,438,871,897]" captionStart="Figures 10-12" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[147,1101,942,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,936,1603]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 10-12. Episinus algiricus Lucas from France, Menton. Male palp, retrolateral (10), ventral (11), prolateral view (12). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale line: 0.30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814460/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Figs 10-12</figureCitation>
). Theridiid tegular apophysis (= TA
<quantity box="[833,875,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation author="Knoflach and Thaler" firstAuthor="Knoflach" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref16350" refString="Knoflach B, Thaler K (2000) Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) - I. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 78 (2): 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2000">Knoflach and Thaler 2000</bibRefCitation>
) of characteristic shape, markedly projecting beyond conductor and cymbium (TTA in
<figureCitation box="[248,374,941,967]" captionStart="Figures 10-12" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[147,1101,942,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,936,1603]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 10-12. Episinus algiricus Lucas from France, Menton. Male palp, retrolateral (10), ventral (11), prolateral view (12). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale line: 0.30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814460/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Figs 10-12</figureCitation>
). Conductor forming two small tips, retrolateral one tooth-like (
<figureCitation box="[148,230,976,1002]" captionStart="Figures 10-12" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[147,1101,942,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,936,1603]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 10-12. Episinus algiricus Lucas from France, Menton. Male palp, retrolateral (10), ventral (11), prolateral view (12). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale line: 0.30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814460/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Palp morphology as in other congeners: embolus well developed, containing numerous loops of sperm duct, partially guided by a large conductor, three apophyses present (nomenclature of median apophysis, theridiid tegular apophysis and extra tegular apophysis according to
<bibRefCitation author="Agnarsson" box="[495,748,1082,1108]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Agnarsson" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="334 - 395" refId="ref14930" refString="Agnarsson I, Coddington JA, Knoflach B (2007) Morphology and evolution of cobweb spider male genitalia (Araneae, Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology 35: 334 - 395." type="journal article" year="2007">Agnarsson et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
), tibia with one dorsal and two retrolateral trichobothria, cymbium with two distal groups of setae. Palp altogether smaller than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanna" authorityYear="1876" box="[316,452,1152,1178]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis box="[316,452,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. maculipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[467,550,1152,1178]" captionStart="Figures 21-27" captionStartId="9.[140,222,1288,1310]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1268]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[140,1108,165,1269]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 21-27. Episinus maculipes Cavanna from Sardinia (21, 23, 24), E. algiricus Lucas from Sardinia (22, 25, 26) and E. theridioides Simon from Corsica (27). Male (21-23, 25), female (24, 26, 27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814470/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Figs 22</figureCitation>
vs. 21; see also
<bibRefCitation author="Kulczynski" box="[728,921,1152,1179]" firstAuthor="Kulczynski" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="430 - 440" refId="ref16466" refString="Kulczynski W (1905) Fragmenta arachnologica III. 6. De Episinis. Annotatio altera. Bulletin international de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie, 1905: 430 - 440, pl. 11." type="journal article" year="1905">Kulczyński 1905</bibRefCitation>
), in ventral view
<quantity box="[140,277,1187,1214]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4-0.5 mm</quantity>
broad,
<quantity box="[368,505,1188,1214]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7-0.8 mm</quantity>
long (distance between distal rim of tibia and tip of cymbium). Tibia as wide as long (
<figureCitation box="[521,604,1223,1249]" captionStart="Figures 10-12" captionStartId="5.[140,222,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[147,1101,942,1603]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[140,1108,936,1603]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 10-12. Episinus algiricus Lucas from France, Menton. Male palp, retrolateral (10), ventral (11), prolateral view (12). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale line: 0.30 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814460/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), see also
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" box="[716,879,1223,1249]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" refId="ref17360" refString="Simon E (1914) Les Arachnides de France 6 (1). Roret, Paris, 308 pp." type="book" year="1914">Simon (1914)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,384,1257,1283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis box="[185,310,1257,1283]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" reason="1">Epigynum</emphasis>
/vulva
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[403,580,1258,1285]" captionStart="Figures 13-18" captionStartId="7.[140,222,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[219,1021,594,1534]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1033,586,1538]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 13-18. Episinus algiricus Lucas (13, 15, 16, 17) from Gallia (MHNP AR 2196) (13, 17) and France: Landes (15, 16; type of E. albescens Denis). E. maculipes Cavanna (14, 18) from Gallia (MHNP AR 2196, sub E. algiricus). Epigynum ventral (13-14), epigynum/vulva, ventral (15, 17-18), dorsal view (16). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814462/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Figs 13, 15-17</figureCitation>
). Epigynal cavity longer than wide, covering proximal part of receptacula (
<figureCitation box="[473,603,1293,1319]" captionStart="Figures 13-18" captionStartId="7.[140,222,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[219,1021,594,1534]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1033,586,1538]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 13-18. Episinus algiricus Lucas (13, 15, 16, 17) from Gallia (MHNP AR 2196) (13, 17) and France: Landes (15, 16; type of E. albescens Denis). E. maculipes Cavanna (14, 18) from Gallia (MHNP AR 2196, sub E. algiricus). Epigynum ventral (13-14), epigynum/vulva, ventral (15, 17-18), dorsal view (16). All figures drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814462/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Figs 13, 17</figureCitation>
), without median septum. Cavity
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.21" valueMin="0.19">0.19-0.21 mm</quantity>
wide, its posterior margin distinct. Receptacula seminis small as compared with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanna" authorityYear="1876" box="[140,279,1363,1389]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis box="[140,279,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. maculipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and less spherical. The uncertain assignment of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" box="[856,980,1363,1389]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis box="[856,980,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. algiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females in
<bibRefCitation author="Knoflach and Thaler" box="[140,457,1399,1425]" firstAuthor="Knoflach" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref16350" refString="Knoflach B, Thaler K (2000) Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) - I. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 78 (2): 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2000">Knoflach and Thaler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
can be confirmed here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" lastBlockId="7.[140,1108,167,228]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,344,1433,1459]" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis box="[185,339,1433,1459]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" box="[347,531,1434,1460]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algiricus">
<emphasis box="[347,531,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Episinus algiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apparently confined to the western Mediterranean. Several records come from North Africa,
<collectingCountry box="[627,706,1469,1495]" name="Algeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Algeria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lucas" box="[724,862,1469,1495]" firstAuthor="Lucas" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" refId="ref16782" refString="Lucas H (1846) Histoire naturelle des Animaux articules. Arachnides. In: Exploration scientifique de l'Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842. Sciences physiques, Zoologie, 1 (Paris): 89 - 321, pl. 1 - 22." type="journal volume" year="1846">Lucas 1846</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" box="[878,1025,1469,1495]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" refId="ref17360" refString="Simon E (1914) Les Arachnides de France 6 (1). Roret, Paris, 308 pp." type="book" year="1914">Simon 1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="1027 - 1060" refId="ref15775" refString="Denis J (1937) On a collection of spiders from Algeria. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 4, 1936: 1027 - 1060, pl. I-V." type="journal article" year="1937">Denis 1937</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry box="[222,304,1504,1530]" name="Tunisia" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" box="[319,463,1504,1530]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" refId="ref17360" refString="Simon E (1914) Les Arachnides de France 6 (1). Roret, Paris, 308 pp." type="book" year="1914">Simon 1914</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry box="[529,631,1505,1531]" name="Morocco" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" box="[646,803,1504,1530]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref17146" refString="Simon E (1873 a) Araneides nouveaux ou peu connus du midi de l'Europe (2 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe royale des sciences de Liege (2) 5: 1 - 174, 3 pl." type="journal article" year="1873" yearSuffix="a">Simon 1873a</bibRefCitation>
), and from south-west Europe,
<collectingCountry box="[209,304,1539,1565]" name="Portugal" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Bacelar" box="[322,478,1539,1566]" firstAuthor="Bacelar" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="87 - 97" refId="ref15028" refString="Bacelar A (1927) Aracnidios Portugueses. I. Bulletin de la Societe Portugaise des Sciences Naturelles 10 (8): 87 - 97." type="journal article" year="1927">Bacelar 1927</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Cardoso" box="[494,663,1539,1566]" firstAuthor="Cardoso" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" refId="ref15498" refString="Cardoso P (2009) Portugal spider catalogue (v 1.5). Available online at http: // www. ennor. org / catalogue. php (updated 5.2.2009)." type="url" year="2009">Cardoso 2009</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry box="[687,750,1539,1565]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" box="[769,929,1539,1566]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref17146" refString="Simon E (1873 a) Araneides nouveaux ou peu connus du midi de l'Europe (2 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe royale des sciences de Liege (2) 5: 1 - 174, 3 pl." type="journal article" year="1873" yearSuffix="a">Simon 1873a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" box="[946,1008,1540,1566]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" refId="ref17360" refString="Simon E (1914) Les Arachnides de France 6 (1). Roret, Paris, 308 pp." type="book" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry box="[1032,1107,1540,1566]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" box="[148,292,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" refId="ref17360" refString="Simon E (1914) Les Arachnides de France 6 (1). Roret, Paris, 308 pp." type="book" year="1914">Simon 1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[304,439,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="136 - 158" refId="ref15716" refString="Denis J (1934) Elements d'une faune arachnologique de l'ile de Port-Cros (Var). Annales de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulon 18: 136 - 158." type="journal article" year="1934">Denis 1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[452,513,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="99 - 117" refId="ref15908" refString="Denis J (1964) Complements a la faune arachnologique de Vendee. Bulletin de la Societe scientifique de Bretagne 38: 99 - 117." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[525,586,1574,1601]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="611 - 613" refId="ref15934" refString="Denis J (1965) Un Episinus nouveau pour la faune de France (Araneidae Theridiidae). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (2) 36 (5): 611 - 613." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[598,659,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="159 - 176" refId="ref15972" refString="Denis J (1966) Second supplement a la faune arachnologique de Vendee. Bulletin de la Societe scientifique de Bretagne 39: 159 - 176." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Soyer" box="[672,801,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Soyer" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="113 - 121" refId="ref17412" refString="Soyer B (1973) Contribution a l'etude ethologique et ecologique des araignees de la Provence occidentale. VIII. Les therides des collines et des terrains sales. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne Provence 26: 113 - 121." type="journal article" year="1973">Soyer 1973</bibRefCitation>
) including
<collectingCountry box="[931,1016,1575,1601]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Corsica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Simon" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref17146" refString="Simon E (1873 a) Araneides nouveaux ou peu connus du midi de l'Europe (2 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe royale des sciences de Liege (2) 5: 1 - 174, 3 pl." type="journal article" year="1873" yearSuffix="a">Simon 1873a</bibRefCitation>
; sub
<taxonomicName authority="Walckenaer, 1809" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1809" box="[271,614,1610,1636]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
<emphasis box="[271,402,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. truncatus</emphasis>
Walckenaer, 1809
</taxonomicName>
), and
<collectingCountry box="[683,733,1610,1636]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion box="[748,847,1610,1637]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
), see also
<bibRefCitation author="Knoflach and Thaler" firstAuthor="Knoflach" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" pagination="411 - 442" refId="ref16350" refString="Knoflach B, Thaler K (2000) Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) - I. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 78 (2): 411 - 442." type="journal article" year="2000">Knoflach and Thaler (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. Sympatric occurrence with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanna" authorityYear="1876" box="[619,754,1645,1671]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Episinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis box="[619,754,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="233">E. maculipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be evident from a few localities only, e.g. Vendée, Longeville (
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[577,713,167,193]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="7" pageNumber="234" pagination="99 - 117" refId="ref15908" refString="Denis J (1964) Complements a la faune arachnologique de Vendee. Bulletin de la Societe scientifique de Bretagne 38: 99 - 117." type="journal article" year="1964">Denis 1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Denis" box="[724,787,167,194]" firstAuthor="Denis" pageId="7" pageNumber="234" pagination="159 - 176" refId="ref15972" refString="Denis J (1966) Second supplement a la faune arachnologique de Vendee. Bulletin de la Societe scientifique de Bretagne 39: 159 - 176." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
). Among the present records from
<collectingRegion box="[203,295,202,228]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="7" pageNumber="234">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
both species were found at least not far apart.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>