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<document id="E32647D3622119F50F5F682F315C9A56" ID-DOI="10.26107/RBZ-2023-0042" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-ZooBank="C4DA8175-9DFF-42A0-A0ED-1E574B8138E7" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1702067231461" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Parenti, Lynne R., Lumbantobing, Daniel N. &amp; Haryono" docDate="2023" docId="03F387B599548B52FF06FCAB7A1035C7" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.71.553-571.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26.5:RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="AF09A0581917EACD12E7F0991C3E7C26" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Phenacostethus Myers 1928" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="557" masterDocId="FFCAFFCD99508B56FFFBFFB6782F3332" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species" masterLastPageNumber="571" masterPageNumber="553" pageNumber="557" updateTime="1702067312852" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="7A93BA3B1074623E9DDC375153B73C12">Description of a new species of Phenacostethus (Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) endemic to Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo, reveals deep mtCOI divergence among miniature species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F94DEC0A34040284BF61C83A3F42077D">Parenti, Lynne R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C0793E6728046A545986368833E3055">Lumbantobing, Daniel N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB4C8C0A9AFC2FF7DBC8DED760D2E74A">Haryono</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="91F3C7C7727F9A80CD82D66FDF0653EE">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="65879694A4DCCCF544385121AB7B81BC">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F387B599548B52FF06FCAB7A1035C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387B599548B52FF06FCAB7A1035C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387B599548B52FF06FCAB7A1035C7" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<subSubSection id="C340652899548B52FF06FCAB7ABD3007" box="[253,658,797,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE536A399548B52FF06FCAB7ABD3007" blockId="4.[253,658,797,821]" box="[253,658,797,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<heading id="D0AD81CF99548B52FF06FCAB7ABD3007" bold="true" box="[253,658,797,821]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FF06FCAB7ABD3007" bold="true" box="[253,658,797,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FEB4FCAB7ABD3007" ID-CoL="6N66" ID-ENA="270657" authority="Myers, 1928" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" box="[335,658,797,821]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phenacostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FEB4FCAB79D33007" bold="true" box="[335,508,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phenacostethus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5299548B52FDFEFCAB7ABD3007" author="Myers GS" box="[517,658,797,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref14772" refString="Myers GS (1928) The systematic position of the phallostethid fishes, with diagnosis of a new genus from Siam. American Museum Novitates, 295: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1928">Myers, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C340652899548B52FF73FCEB798030A4" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BE536A399548B52FF73FCEB798030A4" blockId="4.[136,775,861,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FF73FCEB79363047" bold="true" box="[136,281,861,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<typeStatus id="54E1880199548B52FF73FCEB78EE3047" box="[136,193,861,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FEE6FCEB7AA13047" ID-CoL="4G2PD" authority="Myers, 1928" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" box="[285,654,861,886]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phenacostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FEE6FCEB7A2A3047" box="[285,517,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phenacostethus smithi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5299548B52FDF1FCE87AA13047" author="Myers GS" box="[522,654,861,886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref14772" refString="Myers GS (1928) The systematic position of the phallostethid fishes, with diagnosis of a new genus from Siam. American Museum Novitates, 295: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1928">Myers, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation and monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340652899548B52FF73FC0B7A1035C7" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE536A399548B52FF73FC0B791B3687" blockId="4.[136,776,957,1461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FF73FC0B798930E7" bold="true" box="[136,422,957,981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Differential Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FE49FC0B7A4630E7" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" box="[434,617,957,981]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phenacostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FE49FC0B7A4630E7" box="[434,617,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phenacostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FF04FC6B79BA30C7" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1913" box="[255,405,989,1013]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phallostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FF04FC6B79BA30C7" box="[255,405,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phallostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a lower oral jaw that protrudes beyond the upper jaw and a reduced second ctenactinium (priapial bone) which is prominent and serrated in
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FEE1FB8B79803767" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1913" box="[282,431,1085,1109]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phallostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FEE1FB8B79803767" box="[282,431,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phallostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FE37FB8B7A573767" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" box="[460,632,1085,1109]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phenacostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FE37FB8B7A573767" box="[460,632,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phenacostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has fewer anal-fin rays (1415 as opposed to 2628), second dorsal-fin rays (57 as opposed to 810) and vertebrae (3335 as opposed to 40) than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FDE9FB2B7A8E3787" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1913" box="[530,673,1181,1205]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phallostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FDE9FB2B7A8E3787" box="[530,673,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phallostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Parenti, 1986: table 1).
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FED1FB0B79E037E7" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" box="[298,463,1213,1237]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phenacostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FED1FB0B79E037E7" box="[298,463,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phenacostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a first dorsal fin with one unsegmented ray versus first dorsal fin absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FF73FB4B790F3627" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1913" box="[136,288,1277,1301]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phallostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FF73FB4B790F3627" box="[136,288,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phallostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FECFFB4B79CC3627" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" box="[308,483,1277,1301]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phenacostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FECFFB4B79CC3627" box="[308,483,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phenacostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FDDBFB4B7A943627" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1913" box="[544,699,1277,1301]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phallostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FDDBFB4B7A943627" box="[544,699,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phallostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from all other phallostethines (
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FDB6FAAB7AED3607" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1916" box="[589,706,1309,1333]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Neostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FDB6FAAB7AED3607" box="[589,706,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Neostethus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FF73FA8B79233667" authorityName="Herre" authorityYear="1925" box="[136,268,1341,1365]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Gulaphallus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FF73FA8B79233667" box="[136,268,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Gulaphallus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in having a priapium with a prominent, hooked toxactinium and a shield-like pulvinular pad, structures present in other priapiumfishes but not as well-developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE536A399548B52FF73FA6B7A1035C7" blockId="4.[136,775,1501,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FF73FA6B79CF36C7" bold="true" box="[136,480,1501,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Composition and distribution.</emphasis>
Four species, including the new species described herein (
<tableCitation id="C6D8031899548B52FE13FA4B7A113527" box="[488,574,1533,1557]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="1.[113,168,189,211]" captionText="Table 1. Classification of the family Phallostethidae (Atheriniformes), following Parenti (2014)." pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Table 1</tableCitation>
):
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FDA1FA4B794D3507" authority="Myers, 1928" authorityName="Myers" authorityYear="1928" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phenacostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="smithi">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FDA1FA4B78E53507" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phenacostethus smithi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5299548B52FF2FF9A8794D3507" author="Myers GS" box="[212,354,1565,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref14772" refString="Myers GS (1928) The systematic position of the phallostethid fishes, with diagnosis of a new genus from Siam. American Museum Novitates, 295: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1928">Myers, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fresh and brackish waters,
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FD5BF9AB7B2C3507" box="[672,771,1565,1589]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FF73F98B78D63567" box="[136,249,1597,1621]" name="Cambodia" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FE03F98B7A723567" box="[504,605,1597,1621]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FD94F98B7AE13567" box="[623,718,1597,1621]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FF73F9EB78FA3547" box="[136,213,1629,1653]" name="Brunei" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Brunei</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FF1FF9EB7A053547" authority="Roberts, 1971 a" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1971" box="[228,554,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" rank="species" species="posthon">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FF1FF9EB795A3547" box="[228,373,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phe. posthon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5299548B52FE84F9EB7A053547" author="Roberts TR" box="[383,554,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref15379" refString="Roberts TR (1971 a) The fishes of the Malaysian family Phallostethidae (Atheriniformes). Breviora, 374: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1971">Roberts, 1971a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fresh and brackish waters,
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FF22F9CB791835A7" box="[217,311,1661,1685]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FE20F9CB7A1135A7" box="[475,574,1661,1685]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, and Sumatra;
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FD2CF9CB79893587" authority="Parenti, 1986 b" authorityName="Parenti" authorityYear="1986" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" rank="species" species="trewavasae">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FD2CF9CB792E3587" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phe. trewavasae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B5299548B52FEF3F92B79893587" author="Parenti LR" box="[264,422,1693,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" pagination="225 - 236" refId="ref14928" refString="Parenti LR (1986 b) Bilateral asymmetry in phallostethid fishes (Atherinomorpha), with description of a new species from Sarawak. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 44: 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1986">Parenti, 1986b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, freshwater,
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FDD4F92B7AA13587" box="[559,654,1693,1717]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
, Malaysian Borneo, and
<collectingCountry id="F34D763399548B52FEE0F90B794735E7" box="[283,360,1725,1749]" name="Brunei" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Brunei</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D2099548B52FE8DF90B79CA35E7" authority="Parenti &amp; Lumbantobing &amp; Haryono, 2023" authorityName="Parenti &amp; Lumbantobing &amp; Haryono" authorityYear="2023" box="[374,485,1725,1749]" family="Phallostethidae" genus="Phenacostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Atheriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sikat" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92EEAB199548B52FE8DF90B79CA35E7" box="[374,485,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="557">Phe. sikat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57CA99548B52FE0DF9087A5335E7" box="[502,636,1725,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="557" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, freshwater, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesian Borneo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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