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<document id="E984A9E355B85879FBFDC78397E483B3" ID-CLB-Dataset="2926" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc0592d1-cf60-451e-9a38-798c281a103b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5785366" ID-ZooBank="53BD391E-A8F5-4B3D-8151-1DD814FDCEFA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639641295153" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Tran, Ngat Thi, Bui, Dien Trong &amp; Ljubomirov, Toshko" docDate="2021" docId="03F37C76BA5FFFE107C5FDEB2549FD6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5082.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5082 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="163" masterDocId="FFCA040EBA5EFFE50752FF92261BFF9E" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the genus Pararrhynchium de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae Eumeninae), with description of two new species from Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="159" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1699472663607" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="C3D0F79E3DD3ADC72D5641D209E0D169" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="344A0149743F29ED1A387B712EB8963D">
<mods:title id="685B2CC7615DD24BBA64578EC3A9EAE0">Contribution to the genus Pararrhynchium de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae Eumeninae), with description of two new species from Vietnam</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A3C1931A581253E5A41A2108DBE73799" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D75F9166C2C2189AC4F6FCE467FC58A9">
<mods:roleTerm id="B5B9A5CD99A5F58E3CAECAE79BFC1C44">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F81E9C02A2648B47FAD99BC39F600F1A">Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="25C9EEA860F75322032499A19DDD63CB" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3527-9577</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="54690BD5D221610585865CE7449140C6">Insect Ecology Department, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3527 - 9577 &amp; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7057 - 4638</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="07E8DC58001F13764A742C94F345E759" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8D6386A04257478F4D1396926DA9F607">
<mods:roleTerm id="EB9CE74F81162969BFE721C5A4CF7F6E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C968A2E226B964F4228F98D44542CE31">Tran, Ngat Thi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="78D605017FC74E59817C91D6127C75D8" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3527-9577</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AC1B1B542BDB946372BB6470BCA4BF81">Insect Ecology Department, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3527 - 9577</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="37749AF1E9643281E53DB512C9C598D7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A99728C57691A3636233194F5FF6EABC">
<mods:roleTerm id="725E8E8F7A01C84DF2711E8B3A26A478">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C5BF3F416600948773E92982D56FD783">Bui, Dien Trong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="674C4EEE116B4FA8CDB03A49F139F720">Bee Research Centre, National Institute of Animal Sciences, 9 Tan Phong, Thuy Phuong, Bac Tư Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="10BAAB9151842C8C1B189DE5D08EAE5F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3436F54F3850063498E1FB924750C653">
<mods:roleTerm id="718CCE0FBB4F4EF1D987F94C82564578">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="335BD97B6E9EA180881AE844A58C48A7">Ljubomirov, Toshko</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8FDBEFCCB0D2EF08CB448745CF90150A" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3202-3309</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B6F836F41C2BF8282C5EEE40CE8689F1">Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1, Tzar Osvoboditel Boulevard. Sofia, 1000. Bulgaria. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3202 - 3309</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EDCBEF0951E29A6EC0B22374D6096884">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="559CBFFC3CA87EF4354BAFF1D271DEA0" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="830E4009B7AFE2024803C67989E06167">
<mods:title id="38203B6B1FCA7EE22A9E34DD97C42B52">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6A0CFF33B470264D471A657573CBA0CC">
<mods:date id="1A4A8A5ED6C32927DEA72B502167759A">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7034118524DB8C5C06C6F11ED96CACA9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EF0CB2B827F9EE269A9B281BFB6572F9">2021-12-16</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9A6F9066CC62200ED06A8161D8A365C2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="596ACB732204BC5A45C9916677240B0D">5082</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EEBBFDBFF52E68DA7F06FAA33EE32354" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6B03E7D0A6ED0C2F08BA2194A01A01F4">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="59445E4A88B3DDD92D292F3E120E3FE0">159</mods:start>
<mods:end id="98619110B72EA74C252712809C646F09">168</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="1A34087210140E153BEB274119D76AE6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F164131A0EFCB7086783B169EAC268BD" type="CLB-Dataset">2926</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="19EC588A0698A6E399B6E5DEC9A6C7F6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5082.2.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="82F66E490F9ECABA7E5727703130CD4B" type="GBIF-Dataset">cc0592d1-cf60-451e-9a38-798c281a103b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="79B562039CE4113723CADBF3E9C99814" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="42464E61DE8F8F19E8E4330973B8C8BE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5785366</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="89C131C9C64F4C958D812D43EEFE66B7" type="ZooBank">53BD391E-A8F5-4B3D-8151-1DD814FDCEFA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F37C76BA5FFFE107C5FDEB2549FD6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191651889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5785354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F37C76BA5FFFE107C5FDEB2549FD6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F37C76BA5FFFE107C5FDEB2549FD6F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection id="C3409EEBBA5FFFE407C5FDEB2505FD0D" box="[151,798,633,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5FFFE407C5FDEB2505FD0D" blockId="1.[151,798,633,660]" box="[151,798,633,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
<heading id="D0AD7A0CBA5FFFE407C5FDEB2505FD0D" bold="true" box="[151,798,633,660]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5FFFE407C5FDEB2505FD0D" bold="true" box="[151,798,633,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AB6E3BA5FFFE407C5FDEB24AAFD0D" authority="Nguyen &amp; Tran" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,689,633,660]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pararrhynchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simsanum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5FFFE407C5FDEB27FDFD0D" bold="true" box="[151,486,633,660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Pararrhynchium simsanum</emphasis>
Nguyen &amp; Tran
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DAC09BA5FFFE40592FDEB2505FD0D" box="[704,798,633,659]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3409EEBBA5FFFE407C5FD53275CFC2D" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5FFFE407C5FD53275CFC2D" blockId="1.[151,1437,705,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5FFFE407C5FD532709FD45" bold="true" box="[151,274,705,731]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species can be distinguished from all other known species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5AB6E3BA5FFFE4033AFD532339FD45" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[1128,1314,705,731]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pararrhynchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5FFFE4033AFD532339FD45" box="[1128,1314,705,731]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Pararrhynchium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: female clypeus pear shaped, truncated at apex, in frontal view about 1.14 times as high as wide; gena almost as wide as eye; propodeum with posterior surface clearly separated from dorsal surface by an upper sharp and well-developed carina, the carina surrounds metanotum from behind and produces to a sharp tubercle at lower lateral corners; mesepisternum without epicnemial carina; T1–5 with thick smooth band apically; male vertex also with cephalic foveae situated far from each other, about 0.85 times as wide as distance between posterior ocelli.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3409EEBBA5FFFE40795FC2F2529FBDA" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5FFFE40795FC2F227BFC62" blockId="1.[151,1437,705,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5FFFE40795FC2F27AAFC49" bold="true" box="[199,433,957,983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B32C73DBA5FFFE406EBFC2F227BFC62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418908306" collectingDate="2019-08-02" collectionCode="IEBR" collectorName="LTP Nguyen &amp; CQ Nguyen &amp; NT Tran" country="Vietnam" elevation="1324" latitude="22.630001" location="Bat Xat" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="103.58111" municipality="Simsan" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E173C2BA5FFFE406EBFC2F243FFC49" box="[441,548,957,983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, female,
<collectingCountry id="F34D8DF0BA5FFFE405DBFC2F24F7FC49" box="[649,748,957,983]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B81571ABA5FFFE405A5FC2F2557FC49" box="[759,844,957,983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Simsan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="26AFA8B6BA5FFFE40405FC2C258BFC46" box="[855,912,958,984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Y Ty</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26AFA8B6BA5FFFE404CEFC2C25EEFC46" box="[924,1013,958,984]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
<location id="8E859BBBBA5FFFE404CEFC2C25EEFC46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F37C76BA5FFFE107C5FDEB2549FD6F:8E859BBBBA5FFFE404CEFC2C25EEFC46" box="[924,1013,958,984]" country="Vietnam" latitude="22.630001" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="103.58111" municipality="Simsan" name="Bat Xat" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Lao Cai">Bat Xat</location>
</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="499E0382BA5FFFE40353FC2C2245FC49" box="[1025,1118,957,984]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EABA7BA5FFFE4033BFC2F22EEFC49" box="[1129,1269,957,983]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" precision="15" seconds="48" value="22.630001">22°37’48”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6EABA7BA5FFFE40253FC2F238CFC46" box="[1281,1431,957,984]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" precision="15" seconds="52" value="103.58111">103°34’52”E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity id="4CA26085BA5FFFE40793FC732703FC62" box="[193,280,993,1020]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.324" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="1324.0">
<elevation id="00772A53BA5FFFE40793FC732703FC62" box="[193,280,993,1020]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.324" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="1324.0">1324 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE4EBA0BA5FFFE40676FC7327AAFC65" box="[292,433,993,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" value="2019-08-02">
<collectingDate id="EFA01248BA5FFFE40676FC7327AAFC65" box="[292,433,993,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" value="2019-08-02">2 Aug. 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, LTP
<collectorName id="26AFA8B6BA5FFFE406A3FC702457FC62" box="[497,588,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Nguyen</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26AFA8B6BA5FFFE40505FC7324FBFC62" box="[599,736,993,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">CQ Nguyen</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26AFA8B6BA5FFFE405BEFC702550FC62" box="[748,843,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">NT Tran</collectorName>
leg., deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED4B55A5BA5FFFE4034AFC702240FC62" box="[1048,1115,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">IEBR</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5FFFE40795FB942529FBDA" blockId="1.[151,1437,705,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
<materialsCitation id="3B32C73DBA5FFFE40795FB9425E8FB81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418908302" box="[199,1011,1029,1056]" collectingDate="2019-08-02" collectionCode="IEBR" collectorName="LTP Nguyen &amp; CQ Nguyen &amp; NT Tran" country="Vietnam" elevation="1324" latitude="22.630001" location="Bat Xat" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="103.58111" municipality="Simsan" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ha Giang" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54E173C2BA5FFFE40795FB942723FBBE" box="[199,312,1030,1056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D5C06E9BA5FFFE40610FB9727ABFB81" box="[322,432,1029,1055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5C06E9BA5FFFE406E9FB972413FB81" box="[443,520,1029,1055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype;
<collectingCountry id="F34D8DF0BA5FFFE40447FB972561FB81" box="[789,890,1029,1055]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="499E0382BA5FFFE404D1FB9425E8FB81" box="[899,1011,1029,1056]" country="Vietnam" name="Ha Giang" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Ha Giang</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B32C73DBA5FFFE404AFFB972536FBDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418908303" collectingDate="2018-05-18" collectionCode="IEBR" collectorName="LTP Nguyen" country="Vietnam" elevation="750" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ha Giang" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D5C06E9BA5FFFE404AFFB97227BFB81" box="[1021,1120,1029,1055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="26AFA8B6BA5FFFE40338FB9422EFFB81" box="[1130,1268,1029,1056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Bat Dai Son</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26AFA8B6BA5FFFE403ADFB972383FBBE" box="[1279,1432,1029,1056]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Quan Ba, NR</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CA26085BA5FFFE407C5FBBB26FBFBDA" box="[151,224,1065,1092]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="750.0">
<elevation id="00772A53BA5FFFE407C5FBBB26FBFBDA" box="[151,224,1065,1092]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFE4EBA0BA5FFFE407BEFBBB279FFBDD" box="[236,388,1065,1092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" value="2018-05-18">
<collectingDate id="EFA01248BA5FFFE407BEFBBB279FFBDD" box="[236,388,1065,1092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" value="2018-05-18">18 May 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, LTP
<collectorName id="26AFA8B6BA5FFFE40696FBB82406FBDA" box="[452,541,1066,1092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Nguyen</collectorName>
leg., deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED4B55A5BA5FFFE405B8FBB82536FBDA" box="[746,813,1066,1092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">IEBR</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3409EEBBA5FFFE10795FBDF26C0FE6B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5FFFE40795FBDF277BFB12" blockId="1.[151,1437,705,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5FFFE40795FBDF27A4FBF9" bold="true" box="[199,447,1101,1127]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Description. Female.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4CA26085BA5FFFE40508FBDF24E5FBF6" box="[602,766,1101,1128]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.335" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.3199999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="13.35" valueMax="13.5" valueMin="13.2">13.2–13.5 mm</quantity>
(
<typeStatus id="54E173C2BA5FFFE4045FFBDF256EFBF9" box="[781,885,1101,1127]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<quantity id="4CA26085BA5FFFE404D3FBDF25F1FBF6" box="[897,1002,1101,1128]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
); fore wing length 12.8–13.0 mm (
<typeStatus id="54E173C2BA5FFFE40227FBDF26FAFB15" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 13.0 mm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5FFFE40795FB072796F875" blockId="1.[151,1437,705,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">
Head in frontal view subcircular, slightly wider than high (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE40403FB07258AFB31" box="[849,913,1173,1199]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Vertex with cephalic foveae situated far from each other, distance between them slightly greater than half distance between posterior ocelli (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE403F5FB2B22F0FB4D" box="[1191,1259,1209,1235]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Distance from posterior ocelli to apical margin of vertex 2.5 times distance from posterior ocellus to inner eye margin (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE4021AFB4F2394FB69" box="[1352,1423,1245,1271]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Gena almost as wide as eye; occipital carina complete, present along entire length of the gena, somewhat weak at dorsal part. Inner eye margins convergent ventrally; in frontal view nearly 1.18 times further apart from each other at vertex than at clypeus. Clypeus in lateral view prominently convex at basal half, then straight to apical margin; in frontal view about 1.14 times as high as wide (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE405EDFAFF251AFA19" box="[703,769,1389,1415]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), with basal margin slightly convex medially and distinctly separated from antennal sockets; apical margin almost truncated medially, width of the truncation slightly greater than 1/3 width of clypeus between inner eye margin. Mandible with four prominent teeth. Antennal scape about 4 times as long as its maximum width, slightly curved; F1 about 1.6 times longer than wide, F2 longer than wide, F3 – 9 wider than long, terminal flagellomere bullet-shaped, 0.86 times as long as its basal width (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE4039AFA6F2311F989" box="[1224,1290,1533,1559]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma longer than wide in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE4054CF9B3247EF9A5" box="[542,613,1569,1595]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Pronotal carina strongly raised, reaching ventral corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum weakly convex, 1.1 times as long as wide between tegulae, with two longitudinal smooth and shiny area (close to tegula and parategula) running from apical margin to one-third length of the mesoscutum, with two depressed furrow running from apical margin to one-fourth length of the mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE40325F91F22A6F939" box="[1143,1213,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Disc of scutellum slightly convex, in lateral view at the same level of mesoscutum (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE4042CF92325DFF955" box="[894,964,1713,1739]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Metanotum weakly convex. Propodeum (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE407F2F94726F9F96E" box="[160,226,1749,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) with horizontal area about half as long as the length of metanotum), concavity margined by a crest, posterior surface clearly separated from dorsal side by an upper sharp and well-developed carina, the carina surrounds metanotum from behind and produces to a sharp tubercle at lower lateral corner (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE40311F88F2291F8A6" box="[1091,1162,1821,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Metasomal segment 1 slightly narrower than segment 2, truncate at base; anterior vertical surface flat, with dense coarse punctures, clearly separable from posterior horizontal part, with partial carina, visible on lateral sides. T
<quantity id="4CA26085BA5FFFE4033AF8F7228AF8E1" box="[1128,1169,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="160" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
dorsal view about 1.86 times as wide as long; T2 about 1.14 times as long as wide in dorsal view; S2 strongly depressed at base, in lateral view almost straight from base to one-fifth, strongly curve, then straight to apical margin (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5FFFE403DCF83F22C8F856" box="[1166,1235,1965,1992]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="160">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); T1–5 with thick smooth band apically.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF259DE8BA5CFFE707C5F8052494F866" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" startId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" targetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5CFFE707C5F8052494F866" blockId="2.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5CFFE707C5F8052720F831" bold="true" box="[151,315,1943,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">FIGURES 1–8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AB6E3BA5CFFE70613F80A24E4F831" authority="Nguyen &amp; Tran" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[321,767,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pararrhynchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simsanum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5CFFE70613F80A244DF831" box="[321,598,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">Pararrhynchium simsanum</emphasis>
Nguyen &amp; Tran
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5CFFE7045BF80A2541F82E" bold="true" box="[777,858,1944,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DAC09BA5CFFE7045BF80A2541F82E" box="[777,858,1944,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="161" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF259DE8BA5DFFE607C5FB38244AFB78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5785370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785370/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" startId="3.[151,264,1194,1218]" targetBox="[151,1432,181,1169]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5DFFE607C5FB38244AFB78" blockId="3.[151,1436,1194,1255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5DFFE607C5FB382753FB5C" bold="true" box="[151,328,1194,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">FIGURES 9–12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AB6E3BA5DFFE6061CFB382510FB5C" authority="Nguyen &amp; Tran" authorityName="Nguyen &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[334,779,1194,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pararrhynchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simsanum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5DFFE6061CFB382479FB5C" box="[334,610,1194,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Pararrhynchium simsanum</emphasis>
Nguyen &amp; Tran
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5DFFE60447FB39257DFB5D" bold="true" box="[789,870,1195,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21DAC09BA5DFFE60447FB39257DFB5D" box="[789,870,1195,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male. 9. Head, frontal view. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Left antenna. 12. Habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5DFFE60795FA8724C5FAB1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1301,2011]" box="[199,734,1301,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Vestiture. Body covered with short, silver hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5DFFE60795FAAB24B8F8B9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1301,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Sculpture. Clypeus with dense, coarse punctures, border between punctures raised, each puncture bearing a very short bristle. Frons densely covered with very coarse punctures, border between punctures smooth and raised to form reticulations. Vertex with punctures similar to those on frons; gena with strong punctures, border between punctures smooth and much larger than those on vertex. Pronotum with punctures coarser than punctures on vertex. Mesoscutum densely and coarsely covered with flat-bottomed punctures, border between punctures raised to form longitudinal striae at apical half; punctures on scutellum dense, coarse and equal to those on mesoscutum, punctures on metanotum smaller. Mesepisternum with flat-bottomed punctures, punctures coarser to those on pronotum posterodorsally, minute punctured anteroventrally; border between posterodorsal and anteroventral parts distinct, without epicnemial carina. Dorsal part of metapleuron with several striae, ventral metapleural part with dense and strong punctures. Propodeum with very coarse and dense punctures on dorsal and lateral parts, border between punctures strongly raised to form reticulation; posterior surface shiny, smooth largely, with some small and shallow punctures at sides, and with dense oblique striations near median carina. T1 covered with strong punctures, border between punctures with minute punctures and sometimes larger than puncture diameter; punctures near apex of T2–5 much denser; T6 with weaker and smaller punctures.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5DFFE60795F8A3234EF8F1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1301,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5DFFE60795F8A3270DF8D5" box="[199,278,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Colour</emphasis>
. Body black, the following part yellow: small triangular spot near base of mandible, antennal scape beneath, inner side of fore tibiae. Wing strongly infuscated, with purple reflexion, veins dark brown (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5DFFE60251F8C7235CF8F1" box="[1283,1351,1877,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,185,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[179,1408,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., holotype, female. 1. Head, frontal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 4. Mesosoma, lateral view. 5. Propodeum, posterior view, 6. Metasoma, dorsal view. 7. Metasoma, lateral view. 8. Fore wing. Scale bar: 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785368/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5DFFE10795F8EB2229FE17" blockId="3.[151,1437,1301,2011]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5DFFE60795F8EB271FF80D" bold="true" box="[199,260,1913,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5DFFE60641F8EB277DF80D" box="[275,358,1913,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., male. 9. Head, frontal view. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Left antenna. 12. Habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785370/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Body length
<quantity id="4CA26085BA5DFFE6055BF8EB246BF80D" box="[521,624,1913,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="3" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="10.3">10.3 mm</quantity>
; fore wing length 10.0 mm. Structure as in female, but differing from the latter as follows: head proportionally smaller, transverse, 1.14 times as wide as high in frontal view (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5DFFE603AEF80F235BF829" box="[1276,1344,1949,1975]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., male. 9. Head, frontal view. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Left antenna. 12. Habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785370/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); vertex also with cephalic foveae situated far from each other (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5DFFE60452F8532548F845" box="[768,851,1985,2011]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., male. 9. Head, frontal view. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Left antenna. 12. Habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785370/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="162">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), about 0.85 times as wide as distance between posterior ocelli; distance from posterior ocelli to apical margin of vertex nearly 2.3 times distance from posterior ocelli to inner eye margin (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5AFFE106D5FF2927C7FF4B" box="[391,476,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., male. 9. Head, frontal view. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Left antenna. 12. Habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); inner eye margins strongly convergent, 1.56 times further apart from each other at vertex than at clypeus (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5AFFE106C5FF4D27C0FF67" box="[407,475,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., male. 9. Head, frontal view. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Left antenna. 12. Habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); clypeus in frontal view 1.17 times as long as wide, apical margin deeply emarginated medially, forming sharp pointed tooth on each lateral side (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5AFFE10474FE912571FE83" box="[806,874,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., male. 9. Head, frontal view. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Left antenna. 12. Habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), with of emargination slightly greater than half of clypeus with; mandible with four prominent teeth. Antenna slightly slender than in female, flagellomere 1 about 2 times as long as wide, F2–5 longer than wide, F6–9 wider than long, F10 much smaller than F9, the terminal flagellomere elongate, slightly curved, about 2 times as long as its basal width (
<figureCitation id="1361D1E5BA5AFFE10480FEFD223FFE17" box="[978,1060,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,181,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1170]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Pararrhynchium simsanum Nguyen &amp; Tran, sp. nov., male. 9. Head, frontal view. 10. Head, dorsal view. 11. Left antenna. 12. Habitus. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5785370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5785370/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5AFFE10795FE012260FE33" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[199,1147,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Sculpture. Body surface sculptured as in female, but clypeus with smaller punctures.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5AFFE10795FE2526C0FE6B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Colour. Similar to female, but mandible entirely black, yellow strip on scape much shorter. Legs entirely black.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3409EEBBA5AFFE10795FE6C240DFD87" box="[199,534,510,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5AFFE10795FE6C240DFD87" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[199,534,510,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5AFFE10795FE6C277AFD86" bold="true" box="[199,353,510,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Distribution.</emphasis>
North
<collectingCountry id="F34D8DF0BA5AFFE106FDFE6D2409FD87" box="[431,530,511,537]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3409EEBBA5AFFE10795FDB1240DFDFF" pageId="4" pageNumber="163" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5AFFE10795FDB1240DFDFF" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5AFFE10795FDB12755FDA3" bold="true" box="[199,334,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name refers to the locality name, Simsan village, where species was collected; it is to be treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3409EEBBA5AFFE10795FDF92549FD6F" pageId="4" pageNumber="163" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE5CD60BA5AFFE10795FDF92549FD6F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5AFFE10795FDF92720FD1B" bold="true" box="[199,315,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is close to
<taxonomicName id="4C5AB6E3BA5AFFE10519FDF925A8FD1B" authority="Sk. Yamane, 1990" authorityName="Sk. Yamane" authorityYear="1990" box="[587,947,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pararrhynchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oceanicum">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5AFFE10519FDF924FBFD1A" box="[587,736,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">P. oceanicum</emphasis>
Sk.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBB091BA5AFFE10440FDF925A8FD1B" author="Yamane, Sk." box="[786,947,619,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="163" pagination="83 - 85" refId="ref7447" refString="Yamane, Sk. (1990) A revision of the Japanese Eumenidae (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). Insecta Matsumurana, 43, 83 - 85." type="journal article" year="1990">
Yamane,
<quantity id="4CA26085BA5AFFE10429FDF925A8FD1B" box="[891,947,619,645]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0546" pageId="4" pageNumber="163" unit="in" value="1990.0">1990</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in having the epicnemial carina absent, but it has the propodeum with a distinct shelf between the crest and metanotum (versus the propodeum without a shelf in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AB6E3BA5AFFE107E6FD212752FD52" authorityName="Sk. Yamane" authorityYear="1990" box="[180,329,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pararrhynchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oceanicum">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5AFFE107E6FD212752FD52" box="[180,329,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">P. oceanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the anterior vertical face of T1 without a median longitudinal carina (versus anterior vertical face of T1 with a median longitudinal carina in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AB6E3BA5AFFE105FFFD45255AFD6E" authorityName="Sk. Yamane" authorityYear="1990" box="[685,833,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pararrhynchium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oceanicum">
<emphasis id="B92E1172BA5AFFE105FFFD45255AFD6E" box="[685,833,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="163">P. oceanicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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