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<document id="C381331BE389C89716450B0AADCCB464" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624287261" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Published, First" docDate="2007" docId="03CE87EB49580734FF36F9DDFC77D977" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01404p066.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1404" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Endochironomus eocenicus Published 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFF7FF9349730719FFA1FF88FFC8DE5F" masterDocTitle="Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698992602245" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="75DB834DF42FB57210966D5A4F17BAAA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F00FA6EABB9225242A883D16600763D3">
<mods:title id="4A5C1C32E4FF677869D4868DD83A0FC6">Chironomid midges from early Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4982063CEFFA4AB9CD60DC8D0F81A233" type="personal">
<mods:role id="005AB23D858CC9CFE22AC109D6FD1428">
<mods:roleTerm id="AFA5FF524C8EBB8E14BD4BDB875B929C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="499BE093467EF5C6B366C180CD62F396">Published, First</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="65FDA76697CA56DD308665F82B550FE6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C9118C322C1DBF0FF60F76AAC676B448">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A79B9D4CAFDF8AF5ED18E10BA3EBAB91">
<mods:date id="E3A8941FFB723AE638195D1E46603201">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="379E5C652432CCF8340E5ECCE672896E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="1377B960F20B9471CF96A4B0912AEA6E">2007-02-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D77208ADCFC28B7D4F523EB83F07C6A7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="20A25CB0D890880C6F5BC3584662D47B">1404</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7717B6844FD863E782D3F1CF77BA7915">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="712D8C1E570E8D2E07BF6790AFC67E10" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03CE87EB49580734FF36F9DDFC77D977" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5076807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5076807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87EB49580734FF36F9DDFC77D977" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87EB49580734FF36F9DDFC77D977" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="C37D657649580732FF36F9DDFDF9D830" box="[151,561,1621,1647]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD836FD49580732FF36F9DDFDF9D830" blockId="43.[151,673,1517,1682]" box="[151,561,1621,1647]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D090819149580732FF36F9DDFDF9D830" bold="true" box="[151,561,1621,1647]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49580732FF36F9DDFDF9D830" bold="true" box="[151,561,1621,1647]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E49580732FF36F9DDFE2FD830" ID-CoL="8BZYK" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,487,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49580732FF36F9DDFE2FD830" bold="true" box="[151,487,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Endochironomus eocenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579449580732FE4FF9DDFDF9D830" box="[494,561,1621,1647]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D657649580732FF36F9F0FEFCD8CD" box="[151,308,1656,1682]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD836FD49580732FF36F9F0FEFCD8CD" blockId="43.[151,673,1517,1682]" box="[151,308,1656,1682]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="135C2A7849580732FF3EF9F0FEC9D8CD" box="[159,257,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="44.[151,255,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[222,1354,181,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-59@44.[205,1381,173,1942]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 41. Endochironomus eocenicus n. sp., holotype PA 2267, photograph of habitus." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 41</figureCitation>
, 42)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D657649580732FF36F940FC87D8BD" box="[151,847,1736,1762]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD836FD49580732FF36F940FC87D8BD" blockId="43.[151,1437,1736,1965]" box="[151,847,1736,1762]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49580732FF36F940FEEFD8BD" bold="true" box="[151,295,1736,1762]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Etymology:</emphasis>
This species is named after the Eocene period.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D657649580735FF67F978FDD1D9AA" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD836FD49580732FF67F978FE31D9F2" blockId="43.[151,1437,1736,1965]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF49580732FF67F978FE80D955" bold="true" box="[198,328,1776,1802]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Dorsomedial extension of eyes strong, extending to inner margin of pedicel; male antenna with 13 flagellomeres; antennal ratio important (&gt; 0.35);
<collectingRegion id="49A3F81F49580732FCF7F890FC4CD96D" box="[854,900,1816,1842]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">RM</collectingRegion>
oblique to R
<subScript id="17E334B849580732FB89F8A0FB89D969" attach="right" box="[1064,1089,1832,1846]" fontSize="6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">4+5</subScript>
; squama with setae; scutum extending to apex of antepronotal lobes; fore tibial scale well developed and bearing spine but not spur; fore tarsus with rather long beard; mid and hind tibiae with 2 spurs, 1 on each comb; median volsella absent; tergite VIII not anteriorly tapered.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF186675495F0735FF36F811FB95D9EF" box="[151,1117,1945,1969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,255,1945,1969]" targetBox="[222,1354,181,1930]" targetPageId="44">
<paragraph id="8BD836FD495F0735FF36F811FB95D9EF" blockId="44.[151,1436,1945,2037]" box="[151,1117,1945,1969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495F0735FF36F811FEEED9EE" bold="true" box="[151,294,1945,1969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 41.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495F0735FE8CF811FD9AD9EF" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[301,594,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495F0735FE8CF811FD9AD9EF" box="[301,594,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Endochironomus eocenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205794495F0735FDF8F811FD5BD9EF" box="[601,659,1945,1968]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype PA 2267, photograph of habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD836FD495F0735FF36F833FDD1D9AA" blockId="44.[151,1436,1945,2037]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495F0735FF36F833FEE0D98C" bold="true" box="[151,296,1979,2003]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495F0735FE91F834FD9DD98C" authority="Published, 2007" authorityName="Published" authorityYear="2007" box="[304,597,1980,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eocenicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495F0735FE91F834FD9DD98C" box="[304,597,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Endochironomus eocenicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2205794495F0735FDFFF834FD52D98C" box="[606,666,1980,2003]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<typeStatus id="54DC885F495F0735FD07F834FCCBD98C" box="[678,771,1980,2003]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
PA 2267, drawing of habitus (scale bar =
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495F0735FB70F834FADBD98C" box="[1233,1299,1980,2003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), drawing of male genitalia (scale bar =
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495F0735FE19F856FDC5D9AA" box="[440,525,2014,2037]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D6576495E0734FF67FF1FFBD4DDEA" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD836FD495E0734FF67FF1FFBD4DDEA" blockId="45.[151,1439,151,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FF67FF1FFEA8DEEE" bold="true" box="[198,352,151,177]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description:</emphasis>
Head
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FE0DFF10FDDCDEED" box="[428,532,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
long; ocelli absent; antenna
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FCC2FF10FC03DEED" box="[867,971,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.82">0.82 mm</quantity>
long, much longer than head, distinctly hairy, with 13 flagellomeres covered with long setae (shortest
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FCD4FF48FC17DE85" box="[885,991,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
long, longest
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FB26FF48FB2ADE85" box="[1159,1250,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
long), antennal ratio 1.54 (&gt; 0.35), pedicel broad and short, rounded, 13
<superScript id="7C129BB5495E0734FC93FF60FCF6DEA9" attach="left" box="[818,830,232,246]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">th</superScript>
flagellomere
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FC42FF62FBF6DF5B" box="[995,1086,234,260]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long; eye bare but deformed, with strong dorsomedial extension, extending to inner margin of pedicel; mouthparts lacking functional mandibles; all palpomeres with numerous setae; 1 postocular seta, frontal and inner vertical and outer vertical setae not visible. Thorax
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FE1EFEEAFDEEDF23" box="[447,550,354,380]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FDD0FEEAFD12DF23" box="[625,730,354,380]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.54">0.54 mm</quantity>
high; postnotum without setae but with distinct longitudinal median groove; surface of scutellum with numerous long setae; scutal tubercle not visible; 2 prealar setae; 1 supraalar seta; anterior acrostichal setae not visible; series of numerous dorsocentral setae; postanepisternal setae absent; preepisternum bare. Wing macropterous, apically rounded,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FC59FE52FBA9DFAB" box="[1016,1121,474,500]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.12" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.12">1.12 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FB0EFE52FAD0DFAB" box="[1199,1304,474,500]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
wide, hyaline, without macrotrichia; anal vein An
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FDCEFD9BFDBFDC7E" attach="left" box="[623,631,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2</subScript>
absent; radius with 3 branches R
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FBA1FD9BFBC0DC7E" attach="left" box="[1024,1032,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">1</subScript>
, R
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FB8AFD9BFB8CDC7E" attach="left" box="[1067,1092,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2+3</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FB33FD9BFB63DC7E" attach="right" box="[1170,1195,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">4+5</subScript>
, R
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FB6FFD9BFB2FDC7E" attach="left" box="[1230,1255,531,545]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2+3</subScript>
weakly sclerotized apically and not divided into R
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FDE9FDB5FD98DC14" attach="left" box="[584,592,573,587]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">2</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FD3EFDB5FD6FDC14" attach="left" box="[671,679,573,587]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">3</subScript>
; costa ending at level of insertion of last branch of radius; only M
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FF10FDE1FF02DC28" attach="left" box="[177,202,617,631]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">1+2</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FEBAFDE1FEFDDC28" attach="left" box="[283,309,617,631]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">3+4</subScript>
present; cross­vein MCu absent; squama with 5 visible setae. Halter
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FBC4FDD1FB06DC2C" box="[1125,1230,601,627]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
long. Fore femur
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FF36FD0BFF37DCC2" box="[151,255,643,669]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
long, tibia
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FE29FD0BFE39DCC2" box="[392,497,643,669]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
long, tarsus
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FD2BFD0BFD3BDCC2" box="[650,755,643,669]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.64">1.64 mm</quantity>
long; mid femur
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FC62FD0BFBD6DCC2" box="[963,1054,643,669]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
long, tibia
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FB07FD0BFAC6DCC2" box="[1190,1294,643,669]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.52">0.52 mm</quantity>
long, tarsus
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FF36FD23FECBDC9A" box="[151,259,683,709]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.74">0.74 mm</quantity>
long; hind femur
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FE42FD23FD86DC9A" box="[483,590,683,709]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
long, tibia
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FD7FFD23FC81DC9A" box="[734,841,683,709]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.52">0.52 mm</quantity>
long, tarsus
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FC4BFD23FB9EDC9A" box="[1002,1110,683,709]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.98">0.98 mm</quantity>
long; fore tibial scale well developed, bearing spine, not spur; mid tibia with 1 spur, hind tibia with 2 spurs, 1 on each comb, combs closely approximated but separated; ta4 of all legs cylindrical, not cordiform; fore tarsus with rather long beard, ratio (length of longest setae/width of tarsomere) 2.5; claw of middle legs simple, as in fore and hind legs. Abdomen
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FEF7FCC3FE0ADD3A" box="[342,450,843,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.44">1.44 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FDB5FCC3FD48DD3A" box="[532,640,843,869]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
wide; gonostylus with long setae,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FB8BFCC3FB5EDD3A" box="[1066,1174,843,869]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FB46FCC3FA9ADD3A" box="[1255,1362,843,869]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
wide; fused to gonocoxite
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FE26FCFBFE27DDD2" box="[391,495,883,909]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FD9AFCFBFD6CDDD2" box="[571,676,883,909]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
wide, with long setae; anal point sharp and long,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FB53FCFBFA92DDD2" box="[1266,1370,883,909]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
long; inferior volsella narrow and elongate,
<quantity id="4C9F9B18495E0734FDF7FC13FD76DDEA" box="[598,702,923,949]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
long; median volsella absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D6576495E0734FF67FC4BFA97D95F" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD836FD495E0734FF67FC4BFF28D8D7" blockId="45.[151,1439,151,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FF67FC4BFE9CDD82" bold="true" box="[198,340,963,989]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Discussion:</emphasis>
In the key to dipteran families of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C495E0734FD47FC4BFC7DDD82" author="McAlpine, J. F." box="[742,949,963,989]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="89 - 124" refId="ref38752" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1981) Key to families, adult. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Wood, D. M. (Coordinators). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 89 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1981">McAlpine (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, this fossil falls in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FAB2FC4BFF0BDA5A" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
. In the keys to Nearctic genera of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C495E0734FDD0FC63FCDFDA5A" author="Oliver, D. R." box="[625,791,1003,1029]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="423 - 457" refId="ref39516" refString="Oliver, D. R. (1981) Chironomidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Wood, D. M. (Coordinators). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Monograph, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 423 - 457." type="book chapter" year="1981">Oliver (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, the key to Holarctic subfamilies of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C495E0734FB7BFC63FF20DA72" author="Oliver, D. R. &amp; Dillon, M. E." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="11 - 15" refId="ref39667" refString="Oliver, D. R. &amp; Dillon, M. E. (1989) The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic region - key to subfamilies. In: Wiederholm, T. (Ed.). Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica Scandinavica, (Supplement), 34, 11 - 15." type="journal article" year="1989">Oliver &amp; Dillon (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, and the key to Palaearctic subfamilies in Saether
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FC97FB9CFCA3DA72" box="[822,875,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. (2000), it falls in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FB55FB9BFA54DA72" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[1268,1436,1043,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chironominae">Chironominae</taxonomicName>
because of the following characters: macropterous, wings extending posterior to first abdominal segment; cross­vein MCu absent; tarsomere ta5 not trifid; gonostylus rigid, fused to gonocoxite; fore tarsomere ta1 longer than fore tibia; and hind tibial comb consisting of fused spines. In the key of Cranston
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FB7BFB04FAC5DAFA" box="[1242,1293,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. (1989), the species is in the tribes
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FE3DFB3BFDFADA92" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[412,562,1203,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FDF7FB3BFC14DA92" authority="Saether, 1977" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1977" box="[598,988,1203,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudochironomini">Pseudochironomini Saether, 1977</taxonomicName>
, because the wings are devoid of macrotrichia and
<collectingRegion id="49A3F81F495E0734FE95FB53FEAADAAA" box="[308,354,1243,1269]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">RM</collectingRegion>
is oblique to R
<subScript id="17E334B8495E0734FDB7FB63FDF8DAA6" attach="left" box="[534,560,1259,1273]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">4+5</subScript>
. In the key for subfamilies and tribes of
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FBB0FB53FB71DAAA" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1834" box="[1041,1209,1243,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C495E0734FB40FB53FA50DAAA" author="Saether, O. A." box="[1249,1432,1243,1269]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref40112" refString="Saether, O. A. (1977 a) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, i - viii + 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1977">Saether (1977a)</bibRefCitation>
, our fossils fall in the
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FE32FA8EFDE1DB7F" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[403,553,1286,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
because of the following characters: apex of fore tibia with a scale, with a spine, and without a comb­like spur; and in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FCB3FAA7FBB7DB17" authority="Kieffer, 1918" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1918" box="[786,1151,1326,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FCB3FAA7FC11DB17" box="[786,985,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Endochironomus</emphasis>
Kieffer, 1918
</taxonomicName>
, for its apically rounded wings, male antenna with 13 flagellomeres, fore tibial scale well developed and bearing a spine but not a spur, antennal ratio of 1.54, antepronotum not extending anterior more than most anterior projection of scutum, median volsella absent, squama with five visible setae but possibly bearing more, tergite VIII not anteriorly tapered, scutum extending to apex of antepronotal lobes, dorsomedial extension of eyes strong, extending to inner margin of pedicel, mid and hind tibiae with two spurs, one on each comb, and fore tarsus with rather long beard.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C495E0734FE87F996FE26D867" author="Grodhaus, G." box="[294,494,1566,1592]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="167 - 242" refId="ref37721" refString="Grodhaus, G. (1987) Endochironomus Kieffer, Tribelos Townes, Synendotendipes, n. gen., and Endotribelos, n. gen. (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Nearctic region. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 60, 167 - 242." type="journal article" year="1987">Grodhaus (1987)</bibRefCitation>
revised the Nearctic members of
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FC25F997FB83D867" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1918" box="[900,1099,1567,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FC25F997FB83D867" box="[900,1099,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Endochironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and relatives. He characterized
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FF73F9CFFE51D83F" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1918" box="[210,409,1607,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FF73F9CFFE51D83F" box="[210,409,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Endochironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of two spurs on the mid tibia and the male fore tarsus with a beard.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD836FD495E0734FF67F91EFA97D95F" blockId="45.[151,1439,151,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
The systematics of this genus are still confusing. A comprehensive revision is needed for the non­Nearctic fauna (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B0C495E0734FF46F936FE2DD887" author="Spies, M. &amp; Saether, O. A." box="[231,485,1726,1752]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref40670" refString="Spies, M. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2004) Notes and recommendations on taxonomy and nomenclature of Chironomidae (Diptera). Zootaxa, 752, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="2004">Spies &amp; Saether 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, it is not possible to compare our fossil with the recent species of
<taxonomicName id="4C674D7E495E0734FA98F937FECCD95F" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Endochironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FA98F937FECCD95F" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Endochironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but because it is the first pre­Holocene record of this genus, we recognize a new species for it.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37D6576495E0734FF67F886FC77D977" box="[198,959,1806,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD836FD495E0734FF67F886FC77D977" blockId="45.[151,1439,151,1832]" box="[198,959,1806,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B913EAEF495E0734FF67F886FEF5D977" bold="true" box="[198,317,1806,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54DC885F495E0734FEE5F886FE79D977" box="[324,433,1806,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
PA
<date id="FFD9103D495E0734FE43F886FD84D977" box="[482,588,1806,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2267-02-02">2267 2/2</date>
,
<typeStatus id="54DC885F495E0734FDF9F886FD75D977" box="[600,701,1806,1832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
PA 7546, both males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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