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<document id="C4A321608E2F4107CE6880BFB610DDE8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.190892" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fdae6ed9-7729-4513-8a84-39fa12b0e7b5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="190892" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461121153331" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rueda, Leopoldo M., Brown, Tracy L., Kim, Heung-Chul, Klein, Terry A., Thongkukiatkul, Amporn &amp; Sherwood, Van" docDate="2009" docId="03ADA94BFFC0FFBAFBCCA0BAFD811DF1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02268p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2268" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anopheles belenrae Rueda" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF94D133FFCBFFB5FB5BA474FF941E31" masterDocTitle="Description and comparison of morphological structures of the eggs of Anopheles hyrcanus group and related species (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Republic of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698595997306" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="254FA3B3C124A265C7834882A29CE4B2">Description and comparison of morphological structures of the eggs of Anopheles hyrcanus group and related species (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Republic of Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB7C78663D4142CFB1CC8E8FC3F15E11">Rueda, Leopoldo M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0785A87EAB931A0D3A0E81D5C159AE0E">Brown, Tracy L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="701675D7A84553D5305FA7E2EEC37C12">Klein, Terry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AA3682D0595DB19695B37F98826C54C4">Thongkukiatkul, Amporn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="93F6320E43F5AF02B5B9E933442FEA52">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03ADA94BFFC0FFBAFBCCA0BAFD811DF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6219357" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119625697" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6219357" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ADA94BFFC0FFBAFBCCA0BAFD811DF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ADA94BFFC0FFBAFBCCA0BAFD811DF1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="C31E4BD6FFC0FFBEFBCCA0BAFE6F1AD9" box="[151,507,1230,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC0FFBEFBCCA0BAFE6F1AD9" blockId="11.[151,507,1230,1291]" box="[151,507,1230,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D0F3AF31FFC0FFBEFBCCA0BAFE6F1AD9" bold="true" box="[151,507,1230,1256]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC0FFBEFBCCA0BAFE6F1AD9" bold="true" box="[151,507,1230,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
8.
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC0FFBEFBEFA0BAFE6F1AD9" ID-CoL="89Z2K" authority="Rueda" authorityName="Rueda" box="[180,507,1230,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC0FFBEFBEFA0BAFE361AD9" bold="true" box="[180,418,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Anopheles belenrae</emphasis>
Rueda
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31E4BD6FFC0FFBAFBCCA085FD811DF1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC0FFBEFBCCA085FE331B3A" blockId="11.[151,507,1230,1291]" box="[151,423,1265,1291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
(
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC0FFBEFBC4A085FF7B1B3A" box="[159,239,1265,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[223,1362,932,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[204,1383,905,1581]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior dorsal plastron of Anopheles (Anopheles) species. A, An. kleini; B, An. sinensis; C, An. sineroides; D, An. pullus; E, An. lindesayi japonicus; F, An. koreicus; G, An. lesteri; H, An. belenrae. Magnification, 3500 x." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190895/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
H, 4H, 5H, 6H)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC0FFB9FBCCA14AFEC51F42" blockId="11.[151,1437,1342,2026]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,1183]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC0FFBEFBCCA14AFF471B69" bold="true" box="[151,211,1342,1368]" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Size:</emphasis>
Length 518.76604.87 um (mean 572.07 + 40.44 um, n = 5); width 66.51150.62 (mean 129.09 + 40.65 um, n = 5) (Table 1).
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC0FFBEFAFFA111FE621B4F" box="[420,502,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Color:</emphasis>
Black.
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC0FFBEF903A111FCDB1B4F" box="[600,847,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Overall appearance</emphasis>
: Boat-shaped in both ventral and dorsal views, anterior end blunt, posterior end blunt, sometimes pointed. Ventral surface concave, dorsal surface curved, float relatively short and wide in dorso-ventral plane, length 266.87304.33 um (mean 293.80 + 15.59 um, n = 5); width 57.86111.08 um (mean 74.44 + 22.25 um, n = 5).
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC0FFBEF8C3A1ADFB671BC3" box="[920,1267,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Dorsal and lateral surfaces</emphasis>
: All surfaces uniformly covered with mostly pentagonal and hexagonal outer chorionic cells or plastron-type cells (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9565ACFFC0FFBEFE12A274FF471871" author="Hinton" pageId="11" pageNumber="39" refString="Hinton, H. E. (1968) Observation on the biology and taxonomy of the eggs of Anopheles mosquitoes. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 57, 495 - 508." type="journal article" year="1968">Hinton 1968</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC0FFBEFBB0A252FEA41871" box="[235,304,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1591,1615]" captionTargetBox="[223,1362,932,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[204,1383,905,1581]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior dorsal plastron of Anopheles (Anopheles) species. A, An. kleini; B, An. sinensis; C, An. sineroides; D, An. pullus; E, An. lindesayi japonicus; F, An. koreicus; G, An. lesteri; H, An. belenrae. Magnification, 3500 x." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190895/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
H), each longer than wide, long dimension oriented in long axis of egg. Interior of each cell with interconnected, fine rounded structures, surrounded by an elevated, palisade-like outer chorionic reticulum. Cell area 98.38374.86 um (mean 264.84 + 66.08, n = 14) (Table 1). Float fairly short, about 0.51 length of egg; ratio of float length and width, and length in proportion to egg length and number of ribs as in Table 1. Ribs towards both ends of float wider than those at middle part, rarely striated on dorsal sides; number of ribs per float 2128 (mean 23.63 + 2.20, n = 8).
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC0FFBEF9C3A29CFCC61930" box="[664,850,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Ventral surface.</emphasis>
Deck continuous, narrows in mid-line near center of float, degree of narrowing usually variable; anterior part of deck usually wider than posterior part; entire deck covered uniformly with fine tubercles (
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC0FFBEF9E9A341FD68197E" box="[690,764,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,920,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[206,1381,895,1563]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chronic tubercles of middle part of deck of Anopheles (Anopheles) species. A, An. kleini; B, An. sinensis; C, An. sineroides; D, An. pullus; E, An. lindesayi japonicus; F, An. koreicus; G, An. lesteri; H, An. belenrae. Magnification, 3500 x." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190896/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
H). Frill continuous, shallow along narrowed portion of deck. Lobed ventral tubercles at anterior end of the deck, 49 (mean 7.75 + 2.50, n = 4), and at posterior end, 47 (mean 5.00 + 1.73, n = 3) (Table 1,
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC0FFBEF932A3F6FD3919AD" box="[617,685,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,260,1599,1623]" captionTargetBox="[225,1365,936,1562]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1384,917,1587]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anterior ventral tubercles of Anopheles (Anopheles) species. A, An. kleini; B, An. sinensis; C, An. sineroides; D, An. pullus; E, An. lindesayi japonicus; F, An. koreicus; G, An. lesteri; H, An. belenrae. Magnification, 3500 x." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190897/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="34">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
H). Lobed ventral tubercles usually oval or oblong, occasionally round. Lobes of each anterior ventral tubercle, 410 (mean 7.50 + 1.41, n = 22; lobes of each posterior ventral tubercle, 34 (mean 3.33 + 0.58, n = 3). Lobes clearly separated, often swollen at ends, outer walls often smooth. Lobes in slightly elevated, tuberculoid structures.
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9F81AA4ECFBCC1E80" box="[833,1112,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Anterior end, micropyle</emphasis>
. Anterior end slightly more blunt than posterior end. Micropylar collar irregular in outline, with slightly striated surface, inner edge uniformly and deeply excavated, peaks between excavations tapering to form radial ridges extending about half way across micropylar disc, dividing disc into sectors (
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC7FFB9F816A578FC061F17" box="[845,914,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1635,1659]" captionTargetBox="[226,1367,967,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[197,1390,940,1629]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Dorsal micropylar discs of Anopheles (Anopheles) species. A, An. kleini; B, An. sinensis; C, An. sineroides; D, An. pullus; E, An. lindesayi japonicus, F, An. koreicus, G, An. lesteri, H, An. belenrae. Magnification, 3500 x." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190898/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
H). Number of sectors (or ridges) 68 (mean 7.25 +0.96, n = 4). Area of micropylar disc 20.4221.40 um (mean 20.98 + 0.50 um, n = 3), usually with striated surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC7FFB9FB9DA50BFD001CFE" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FB9DA50BFDA51FA8" bold="true" box="[198,561,383,409]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Morphological comparisons.</emphasis>
Table 1 shows the comparisons of 27 attributes of eggs among eight
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FBCCA5D3FE851FF1" box="[151,273,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FBCCA5D3FE851FF1" box="[151,273,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Anopheles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, (see Appendix for abbreviations and their equivalents). Four species (i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FF8FA5D3FAF21FF1" box="[1236,1382,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FF8FA5D3FAF21FF1" box="[1236,1382,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. koreicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FE2FA5D3FF751FD7" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesteri">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FE2FA5D3FF751FD7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. lesteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FBAAA5B9FD931FD7" box="[241,519,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lindesayi" subSpecies="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FBAAA5B9FD931FD7" box="[241,519,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. lindesayi japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F94CA5B9FD541FD7" box="[535,704,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sineroides">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9F94CA5B9FD541FD7" box="[535,704,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. sineroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) have significantly higher float/egg length ratios, from 0.72 0.76, compared with the remaining four species (from 0.510.57) (P &lt;0.05).
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FF6FA580FA8E1C3C" box="[1076,1306,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FF6FA580FA8E1C3C" box="[1076,1306,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Anopheles koreicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a very distinct thin ornamented layer, covering the entire deck. This layer has elongate openings on both ends that extend towards the middle of the deck. It has also a usual round opening at middle part of the deck.
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FE79A635FF6A1CB0" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FE79A635FF6A1CB0" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Anopheles belenrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs are significantly longer than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F9A0A61CFCFF1CB0" box="[763,875,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9F9A0A61CFCFF1CB0" box="[763,875,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. kleini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F820A61CFB981CB0" box="[891,1036,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9F820A61CFB981CB0" box="[891,1036,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. koreicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FF47A61CFB001CB0" box="[1052,1172,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesteri">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FF47A61CFB001CB0" box="[1052,1172,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. lesteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FF8EA61CFAF61CB0" box="[1237,1378,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FF8EA61CFAF61CB0" box="[1237,1378,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P &lt;0.05).
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FBBFA6FBFE501C99" box="[228,452,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FBBFA6FBFE501C99" box="[228,452,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Anopheles sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs have significantly wider middle decks than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FF20A6FBFA871C99" box="[1147,1299,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FF20A6FBFA871C99" box="[1147,1299,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. belenrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FE79A6FBFA001C99" box="[1314,1428,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FE79A6FBFA001C99" box="[1314,1428,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. kleini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FBCCA6C1FEBC1CFF" box="[151,296,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FBCCA6C1FEBC1CFF" box="[151,296,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. koreicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FA33A6C1FD9B1CFF" box="[360,527,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sineroides">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FA33A6C1FD9B1CFF" box="[360,527,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. sineroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(P &lt;0.05).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC7FFB9FB9DA6AFFA081AAE" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FB9DA6AFFE751CC4" bold="true" box="[198,481,731,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Principal Components</emphasis>
. Principal components are useful as a means of identifying the combinations of attributes that provide the important contrasts and differences among usable characters of various species. Six attributes derived from SEM micrographs of the eggs were used: EGGL, EGGW, FLWR, FLELP, FLOA, FLOL (see the Appendix). They were selected using cross tabulations, correlations, parametric statistics and principal component analysis (PROC ANOVA, PROC PRINCOMP;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9565ACFFC7FFB9F891A702FB251DA1" author="SAS" box="[970,1201,886,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="SAS Institute (2003). Statistical Analysis Software. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina. StatPoint Technologies (2007). Statgraphics Centurion XV Software. StatPoint Technologies, Inc., Warrenton, VA." type="book chapter" year="2003">SAS Institute 2003</bibRefCitation>
). Of the six derived from the standardized (zero, mean, unit variance), variables, the first three accounted for 89.28% of the variation, and the first two for 70.34% (
<tableCitation id="C6862DE6FFC7FFB9F933A7B0FD571DEF" box="[616,707,964,990]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1234,1258]" captionText="TABLE 2. Partial tabulation of principal components analysis of six attributes of Anopheles eggs collected from various sites in the Republic of Korea. *" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Component 1 carried a heavy positive weighting (
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC7FFB9FE78A7B0FAFD1DEF" box="[1315,1385,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,255,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[152,1414,199,960]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,127,962]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plot of the eigenvectors of the first 2 principal components based on 6 attributes of the eggs of 8 Anopheles (Anopheles) species (An. kleini, An. sinensis, An. sineroides, An. pullus, An. lindesayi japonicus, An. koreicus, An. lesteri, and An. belenrae). Attributes are defined in the Appendix." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190899/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) for maximum length of float (FLOL). The attribute egg width (EGGW) had a negative eigenvector in component 1 (
<tableCitation id="C6862DE6FFC7FFB9FBEDA065FE821A1A" box="[182,278,1041,1067]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1234,1258]" captionText="TABLE 2. Partial tabulation of principal components analysis of six attributes of Anopheles eggs collected from various sites in the Republic of Korea. *" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Component 2 accounted for about 50% less than component 1 (
<tableCitation id="C6862DE6FFC7FFB9FF6DA065FB011A1A" box="[1078,1173,1041,1067]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1234,1258]" captionText="TABLE 2. Partial tabulation of principal components analysis of six attributes of Anopheles eggs collected from various sites in the Republic of Korea. *" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Attribute egg width (EGGW) contributed strongly to weightings on this axis (
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC7FFB9F861A04CFC151A63" box="[826,897,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[152,1418,1102,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1070,1906]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Plot of the individual components of the eggs of 8 Anopheles (Anopheles) species (BE, An. belenrae; KL, An. kleini; KO, An. koreicus; LE, An. lesteri; LN, An. lindesayi japonicus; PU, An. pullus; SI, An. sinensis; and SR, An. sineroides)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190900/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Component 3 accounted for 18.94% of total variance. The heaviest weightings in this component were mostly egg width (EGGW) and float area (FLOA), although length/width ratio of the float (FLWR) yielded a heavy negative weighting in component 3 (
<tableCitation id="C6862DE6FFC7FFB9FE68A0F1FA191AAE" box="[1331,1421,1157,1183]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,239,1234,1258]" captionText="TABLE 2. Partial tabulation of principal components analysis of six attributes of Anopheles eggs collected from various sites in the Republic of Korea. *" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7B48D5FFC7FFB9FBCCA0A6FE7D1B3D" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC7FFB9FBCCA0A6FE7D1B3D" blockId="12.[151,1435,1234,1513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FBCCA0A6FE9C1ADB" bold="true" box="[151,264,1234,1258]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Partial tabulation of principal components analysis of six attributes of
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F8A5A0A6FBF91AD8" box="[1022,1133,1234,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9F8A5A0A6FBF91AD8" box="[1022,1133,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Anopheles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs collected from various sites in the Republic of Korea.*
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC7FFB9FBC4A15CFB081B0E" blockId="12.[151,1435,1234,1513]" box="[159,1180,1320,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Principal Eigenvalue % of variance Attribute*</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC7FFB9FBC4A126FAE81BD8" blockId="12.[151,1435,1234,1513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">component explained EGGL EGGW FLWR FLELP FLOA FLOL 1 2.7397 45.66 0.1516 -0.1428 0.0509 0.5577 0.5495 0.5839 2 1.4807 24.68 0.6762 0.5702 0.3795 -0.1899 -0.0716 0.1795 3 1.1364 18.94 0.1733 0.3661 -0.8214 -0.1449 0.3638 -0.0878</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC7FFB9FBCCA27BFD811817" blockId="12.[151,533,1551,1574]" box="[151,533,1551,1574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">*Attribute defined in the Appendix.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC7FFB9FB9DA22EFA0D19B2" blockId="12.[151,1436,1626,1923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FB9DA22EFE681845" bold="true" box="[198,508,1626,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Discriminant Functions.</emphasis>
When discriminant analysis was applied to six variables to facilitate the separation of the species, the first four functions proved to be significant and the first 2 have 82.75% of the differences among species (
<tableCitation id="C6862DE6FFC7FFB9FA81A2DCFDA118F3" box="[474,565,1704,1730]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,240,577,601]" captionText="TABLE 3. Partial tabulation (non-significant functions omitted) of discriminant analysis of six attributes of Anopheles eggs collected from various sites in the Republic of Korea. *" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Four species (
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9F9ABA2DCFAC618F0" box="[752,1362,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F9ABA2DCFC1D18F0" box="[752,905,1704,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">An. belenrae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F8CEA2DCFB9C18F0" box="[917,1032,1704,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">An. kleini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FF4FA2DCFB1F18F0" box="[1044,1163,1704,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullus">An. pullus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FF9DA2DCFAC618F0" box="[1222,1362,1704,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">An. sinensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) were centered on the negative side of the first discriminant function, whereas the four other species were positive (
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC7FFB9FBC4A281FF65193E" box="[159,241,1781,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,259,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[276,1322,191,850]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[245,1347,152,882]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Plot of the first 2 individual discriminant functions, based on 6 attributes of the eggs of 8 Anopheles (Anopheles) species (BE, An. belenrae; KL, An. kleini; KO, An. koreicus; LE, An. lesteri; LN, An. lindesayi japonicus; PU, An. pullus; SI, An. sinensis; and SR, An. sineroides)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190901/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC7FFB9FA70A281FED8193E" box="[299,332,1781,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,1037,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,1006,1915]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Group centroids, by Anopheles (Anopheles) species, of the data plotted in Figure 9 (BE, An. belenrae; KL, An. kleini; KO, An. koreicus; LE, An. lesteri; LN, An. lindesayi japonicus; PU, An. pullus; SI, An. sinensis; and SR, An. sineroides)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190902/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">10</figureCitation>
). For the second discriminant function, an equal number of species appeared on either side of the centerline, but
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FA2BA368FD951904" box="[368,513,1820,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FA2BA368FD951904" box="[368,513,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. koreicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was far removed from the others. Examining the centroids, species differences are found primarily between a group (composed of
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9F859A337FBA3196D" box="[770,1079,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F859A337FC3B196D" box="[770,943,1859,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sineroides">An. sineroides</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F8E7A337FBA3196D" box="[956,1079,1859,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesteri">An. lesteri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FF28A337FA1E196D" box="[1139,1418,1859,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lindesayi" subSpecies="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FF28A337FA1E196D" box="[1139,1418,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. lindesayi japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FBCCA31DFEBC19B3" box="[151,296,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FBCCA31DFEBC19B3" box="[151,296,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. koreicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and another group (composed of
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9F9E0A31DFBD819B3" box="[699,1100,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F9E0A31DFCBA19B3" box="[699,814,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">An. kleini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F861A31DFC5C19B3" box="[826,968,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">An. sinensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9F88FA31DFBD819B3" box="[980,1100,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullus">An. pullus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC7FFB9FFDFA31DFA8E19B3" box="[1156,1306,1897,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC7FFB9FFDFA31DFA8E19B3" box="[1156,1306,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">An. belenrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC7FFB9FE6FA31DFA1819B2" box="[1332,1420,1897,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,1037,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,1006,1915]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Group centroids, by Anopheles (Anopheles) species, of the data plotted in Figure 9 (BE, An. belenrae; KL, An. kleini; KO, An. koreicus; LE, An. lesteri; LN, An. lindesayi japonicus; PU, An. pullus; SI, An. sinensis; and SR, An. sineroides)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190902/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7B48D5FFC6FFB8FBCCA7B5FC941A2F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190899/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[152,1414,199,960]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC6FFB8FBCCA7B5FC941A2F" blockId="13.[151,1436,961,1054]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FBCCA7B5FE8D1DE8" bold="true" box="[151,281,961,985]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Plot of the eigenvectors of the first 2 principal components based on 6 attributes of the eggs of 8
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FE76A7B6FE8C1DCA" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FE76A7B6FE8C1DCA" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Anopheles (Anopheles)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FA21A790FC9B1DCA" box="[378,783,996,1019]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FA21A790FE761DCA" box="[378,482,996,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">An. kleini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FAB7A790FDF91DCA" box="[492,621,996,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">An. sinensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8F92CA790FC9B1DCA" box="[631,783,996,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sineroides">An. sineroides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8F840A790FED31A2F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8F840A790FC1D1DCA" box="[795,905,996,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullus">An. pullus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8F8C8A790FB1B1DCA" box="[915,1167,996,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lindesayi" subSpecies="japonicus">An. lindesayi japonicus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FFC3A790FA8A1DCA" box="[1176,1310,996,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">An. koreicus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FE73A790FA0C1DCA" box="[1320,1432,996,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesteri">An. lesteri</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FB9EA073FED31A2F" box="[197,327,1031,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">An.belenrae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). Attributes are defined in the Appendix.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7B48D5FFC6FFB8FBCCA31FFE8719F9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190900/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[152,1418,1102,1898]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC6FFB8FBCCA31FFE8719F9" blockId="13.[151,1437,1899,1992]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FBCCA31FFE8819B2" bold="true" box="[151,284,1899,1923]" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Plot of the individual components of the eggs of 8
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8F816A31FFBD319B3" box="[845,1095,1899,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8F816A31FFBD319B3" box="[845,1095,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">Anopheles (Anopheles)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (BE,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FF85A31FFAFE19B3" box="[1246,1386,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FF85A31FFAF719B3" box="[1246,1379,1899,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">An.belenrae</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
KL,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FBCCA3FAFE921994" box="[151,262,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FBCCA3FAFF6B1994" box="[151,255,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">An. kleini</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
KO,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FA1AA3FAFE5B1994" box="[321,463,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FA1AA3FAFE5C1994" box="[321,456,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">An. koreicus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
LE,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8F95FA3FAFDE61994" box="[516,626,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesteri">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8F95FA3FAFDE61994" box="[516,626,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">An. lesteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; LN,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8F9EAA3FAFC211994" box="[689,949,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8F9EAA3FAFC3A1994" box="[689,942,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lindesayi" subSpecies="japonicus">An. lindesayi japonicus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
PU,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8F8B0A3FAFBF51994" box="[1003,1121,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8F8B0A3FAFBCE1994" box="[1003,1114,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullus">An. pullus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
SI,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FFD7A3FAFA811994" box="[1164,1301,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FFD7A3FAFA9A1994" box="[1164,1294,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">An. sinensis</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
and SR,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC6FFB8FE23A3FAFE9719F9" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sineroides">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC6FFB8FE23A3FAFE9719F9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="36">An. sineroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7B48D5FFC5FFBBFBCCA7F4FD6C1DED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190901/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[276,1322,191,850]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC5FFBBFBCCA7F4FD6C1DED" blockId="14.[151,1437,896,989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFBCCA7F4FEB41DA9" bold="true" box="[151,288,896,920]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Plot of the first 2 individual discriminant functions, based on 6 attributes of the eggs of 8
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFE73A7F4FE8D1D8B" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFE73A7F4FE8D1D8B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Anopheles (Anopheles)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (BE,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFAF5A7D7FDAE1D8B" box="[430,570,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFAF5A7D7FDA71D8B" box="[430,563,931,954]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">An.belenrae</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
KL,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBF92FA7D7FD701D8B" box="[628,740,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBF92FA7D7FD491D8B" box="[628,733,931,954]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">An. kleini</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
KO,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBF87BA7D7FC241D8B" box="[800,944,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBF87BA7D7FC3C1D8B" box="[800,936,931,954]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">An. koreicus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
LE,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBF8BDA7D7FBC11D8B" box="[998,1109,931,954]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesteri">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBF8BDA7D7FBC11D8B" box="[998,1109,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">An. lesteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; LN,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFFCDA7D7FA081D8B" box="[1174,1436,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFFCDA7D7FA011D8B" box="[1174,1429,931,954]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lindesayi" subSpecies="japonicus">An. lindesayi japonicus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
PU,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFB9DA7B2FEAF1DEC" box="[198,315,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFB9DA7B2FEA11DEC" box="[198,309,966,989]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullus">An. pullus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
SI,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFA3CA7B2FE7B1DEC" box="[359,495,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFA3CA7B2FE7C1DEC" box="[359,488,966,989]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">An. sinensis</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
and SR,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBF90AA7B2FD7C1DEC" box="[593,744,966,989]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sineroides">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBF90AA7B2FD7C1DEC" box="[593,744,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">An. sineroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7B48D5FFC5FFBBFBCCA3F7FE8719D1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190902/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[177,1409,1037,1886]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC5FFBBFBCCA3F7FE8719D1" blockId="14.[151,1437,1923,2016]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFBCCA3F7FEB319AA" bold="true" box="[151,295,1923,1947]" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Group centroids, by
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBF951A3F7FC9519AB" box="[522,769,1923,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBF951A3F7FC9519AB" box="[522,769,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">Anopheles (Anopheles)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, of the data plotted in Figure 9 (BE,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFFBBA3F7FAFF19AB" box="[1248,1387,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFFBBA3F7FAF719AB" box="[1248,1379,1923,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">An.belenrae</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
KL,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFBCCA3D2FE92198C" box="[151,262,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFBCCA3D2FF6B198C" box="[151,255,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">An. kleini</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
KO,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFA1AA3D2FE5B198C" box="[321,463,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFA1AA3D2FE5C198C" box="[321,456,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">An. koreicus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
LE,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBF95FA3D2FDE6198C" box="[516,626,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesteri">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBF95FA3D2FDE6198C" box="[516,626,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">An. lesteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; LN,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBF9EAA3D2FC21198C" box="[689,949,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBF9EAA3D2FC3A198C" box="[689,942,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lindesayi" subSpecies="japonicus">An. lindesayi japonicus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
PU,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBF8B0A3D2FBF5198C" box="[1003,1121,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBF8B0A3D2FBCE198C" box="[1003,1114,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullus">An. pullus</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
SI,
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFFD7A3D2FA81198C" box="[1164,1301,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFFD7A3D2FA9A198C" box="[1164,1294,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">An. sinensis</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
and SR,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC5FFBBFE23A3D2FE9719D1" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sineroides">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC5FFBBFE23A3D2FE9719D1" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="37">An. sineroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC4FFBAFB9DA4ECFE591C3F" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
Although eggs of
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAFAC0A4ECFD811E80" box="[411,533,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFAC0A4ECFD811E80" box="[411,533,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Anopheles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F31358CDFFC4FFBAF967A4ECFD441E83" box="[572,720,152,178]" name="South Korea" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">South Korea</collectingCountry>
are relatively simple in structure, they differ clearly in some attributes at the stereomicroscopic level (Table 1), particularly
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAF8C7A4CBFBA81EE9" box="[924,1084,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAF8C7A4CBFBAC1EE9" box="[924,1080,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreicus">An. koreicus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Multivariate analysis of egg characters indicated that
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFAE7A491FCDA1ECF" box="[444,846,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAFAE7A491FDBB1ECF" box="[444,559,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kleini">An. kleini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAF967A491FD5E1ECF" box="[572,714,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">An. sinensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAF98CA491FCDA1ECF" box="[727,846,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pullus">An. pullus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAF8D3A491FB8A1ECF" box="[904,1054,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belenrae">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAF8D3A491FB8A1ECF" box="[904,1054,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">An. belenrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generally cluster together (
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC4FFBAFE3AA491FF321F17" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,256,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[152,1418,1102,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,1070,1906]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Plot of the individual components of the eggs of 8 Anopheles (Anopheles) species (BE, An. belenrae; KL, An. kleini; KO, An. koreicus; LE, An. lesteri; LN, An. lindesayi japonicus; PU, An. pullus; SI, An. sinensis; and SR, An. sineroides)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190900/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="133F04D8FFC4FFBAFBBBA578FE941F17" box="[224,256,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1923,1947]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,1037,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,1006,1915]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Group centroids, by Anopheles (Anopheles) species, of the data plotted in Figure 9 (BE, An. belenrae; KL, An. kleini; KO, An. koreicus; LE, An. lesteri; LN, An. lindesayi japonicus; PU, An. pullus; SI, An. sinensis; and SR, An. sineroides)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/190902/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">10</figureCitation>
), and that their separation from
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAF9DBA578FC031F14" box="[640,919,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAF9DBA578FD681F14" box="[640,764,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lesteri">An. lesteri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAF851A578FC031F14" box="[778,919,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">An. sinensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAF881A578FB641F14" box="[986,1264,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lindesayi" subSpecies="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAF881A578FB641F14" box="[986,1264,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">An. lindesayi japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the second principal component was primarily attributable to differences in egg width. Several studies (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF9565ACFFC4FFBAFE5DA546FA031F7D" author="Linley" box="[1286,1431,306,332]" pageId="15" pageNumber="39" refString="Linley, J. R. (1992). The eggs of Anopheles atropos and Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 24, 40 - 50." type="journal article" year="1992">Linley 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9565ACFFC4FFBAFBCCA52DFEE81F42" author="Linley" box="[151,380,345,371]" pageId="15" pageNumber="39" refString="Linley, J. R., Kaiser, P. E. &amp; Cockburn A. F. (1993) A description and morphometric study of the eggs of species of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 25, 124 - 147." type="journal article" year="1993">
Linley
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFBA9A52DFEA61F43" box="[242,306,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9565ACFFC4FFBAFAD0A52DFDF21F42" author="Linley" box="[395,614,345,371]" pageId="15" pageNumber="39" refString="Linley, J. R., Lounibos, L. P., Conn, J., Duzak, D. &amp; Nishimura, N. (1996) A description and morphometric comparison of eggs from eight geographical populations of the South American malaria vector Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) nuneztovari (Diptera): Culicidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 12, 275 - 292." type="journal article" year="1996">
Linley
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFABEA52DFDB11F43" box="[485,549,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
) used principal component analyses to separate eggs of different
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAFBCCA5F4FE8C1FA8" box="[151,280,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFBCCA5F4FE8C1FA8" box="[151,280,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Anopheles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from different locations. Further studies need to be done to compare morphological differences of mosquito eggs from separate geographical populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAFF5EA5D3FB161FF1" box="[1029,1154,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFF5EA5D3FB161FF1" box="[1029,1154,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Anopheles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vectors of malaria, not only from the
<collectingCountry id="F31358CDFFC4FFBAFA1CA5B9FE1E1FD6" box="[327,394,461,487]" name="South Korea" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">ROK</collectingCountry>
, but also from other countries. These data maybe useful in revising the taxonomy of various
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAFBAFA580FEFA1C3C" box="[244,366,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFBAFA580FEFA1C3C" box="[244,366,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Anopheles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7B48D5FFC4FFBAFBCCA635FC831C4A" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC4FFBAFBCCA635FC831C4A" blockId="15.[151,1436,577,856]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFBCCA635FE981C68" bold="true" box="[151,268,577,601]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Partial tabulation (non-significant functions omitted) of discriminant analysis of six attributes of
<taxonomicName id="4C0463DEFFC4FFBAFE77A635FA081C69" box="[1324,1436,577,600]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Anopheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B970C44FFFC4FFBAFE77A635FA081C69" box="[1324,1436,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Anopheles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs collected from various sites in the Republic of Korea.*
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBB185DFFC4FFBAFBC4A6E2FD811DF1" blockId="15.[151,1436,577,856]" lastBlockId="15.[151,533,937,960]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38">Discriminant function Eigenvalue Relative percentage Chi-squared df P 1 5.4907 67.93 147.37 42 0.0000 2 1.7890 14.82 81.90 30 0.0000 3 0.7901 6.72 46.01 20 0.0008 4 0.5227 6.09 25.63 12 0.0121 *Attribute defined in the Appendix.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>