639 lines
75 KiB
XML
639 lines
75 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="62378558C52300E92C64A32CF6ACD852">Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E12673B1C1E1CCB55A6C58E181692B18">Stoetzel, Emmanuelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="882EAFF2D982900A84CFB5638FE9F2F8">Denys, Christiane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F9836CFD2530D33AAEEB4B8BE26CD15">Cornette, Raphaël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8ADA0C488C7C6CAC8B7FCDC191557C54">Bazgir, Behrouz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D828A3B1074F435AB45189E51C962AF5">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B7AA5F39E46014A71E8891C8A671CF56">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="718D43C128ED51EE0B0AD84859367E12">a 01</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FE5CFD9B7B9C0842" ID-CoL="634D8" authority="FISCHER, 1814" authorityName="FISCHER" authorityYear="1814" box="[407,740,582,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FE5CFD9B7B66087D" bold="true" box="[407,542,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ELLOBIUS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FDEEFD9B7B9C0842" author="Fischer von Waldheim, G." box="[549,740,582,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9192" refString="Fischer von Waldheim, G. 1814. Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata: in usum praelectionum Academiae imperialis medico-chirugicae mosquensis edita. Mosquae. Typis Nicolai S. Vsevolozsky." type="book" year="1814">FISCHER, 1814</bibRefCitation>
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Distribution and Ecological Remarks of the Extant
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<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FED3FD4B789308AD" authority="Species" authorityName="Species" box="[280,491,662,688]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FED3FD4B78F808B2" bold="true" box="[280,384,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
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Species
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FF31FD1B78740E02" blockId="2.[192,793,710,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Nowadays, the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FDC3FD1B7A6D08C2" authority="Fischer, 1814" authorityName="FISCHER" authorityYear="1814" box="[520,789,710,735]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FDC3FD1B7B1D08C2" box="[520,613,710,735]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FDA5FD1B7A6D08C2" author="Fischer von Waldheim, G." box="[622,789,710,735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9192" refString="Fischer von Waldheim, G. 1814. Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata: in usum praelectionum Academiae imperialis medico-chirugicae mosquensis edita. Mosquae. Typis Nicolai S. Vsevolozsky." type="book" year="1814">Fischer, 1814</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, occurs in southeast Europe, western and central Asia with five species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE01FCDB7B0C0902" author="Coskun, Y." box="[458,628,774,800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref8681" refString="Coskun, Y. 2001. On distribution, morphology and biology of the mole vole, Ellobius lutescens Thomas, 1897 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in eastern Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 23: 5 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2001.10637861" type="journal article" year="2001">Coşkun, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FDB4FCDB7BC60902" author="Coskun, Y." box="[639,702,774,799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="831 - 841" refId="ref8734" refString="Coskun, Y. 2016. Review of unique odd chromosome-numbered underground rodent species of the Palearctic region: Ellobius Lutescens Thomas 1897 (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40: 831 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo- 1509 - 53" type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson et al., 2017,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE9CFCFB7B5F0922" author="Kaya, A. & Gharkheloo, M. M. & Coskun, Y." box="[343,551,806,831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9713" refString="Kaya, A., Gharkheloo, M. M., and Coskun, Y. 2018. Geographic variation in the skull morphology" type="book" year="2018">Kaya et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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||
):
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FDF2FCFB78700942" authority="(Pallas, 1770)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1770" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talpinus">
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<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FDF2FCFB7BCE0922" box="[569,694,806,831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. talpinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD0DFCFB78790942" author="Pallas, P. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref10524" refString="Pallas, P. S. 1770. Spicilegia zoologica quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur. Fasciculus octavus." type="book" year="1770">Pallas, 1770</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FEEEFC9B78DF0942" box="[293,423,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. tancrei</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE0BFC9B7B0E0942" author="Blasius, W." box="[448,630,838,863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="2" refId="ref8375" refString="Blasius, W. 1884. Comptes rendus des seances de l´Academie des Sciences. Tome XCVIII. Nos 1 et 2. Paris." type="journal article" year="1884">Blasius, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FD58FC9B7A600942" box="[659,792,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. alaicus</emphasis>
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||
Vorontsov et al., 1969,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FE33FCBB787C0982" authority="(Blyth, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
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<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FE33FCBB7BC30962" box="[504,699,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD18FCBB79860982" author="Blyth, E." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref8400" refString="Blyth, E. 1843. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1832 - 1936." type="book" year="1843">Blyth, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FE89FC5B7BF40982" authority="Thomas, 1897" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[322,652,902,927]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FE89FC5B78AD0982" box="[322,469,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE16FC5B7BF40982" author="Thomas, O." box="[477,652,902,927]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="308" refId="ref11573" refString="Thomas, O. 1897. Ellobius lutescens. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20: 308." type="journal article" year="1897">Thomas, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. These fossorial species inhabit steppes, grasslands and semi-deserts, and are highly adapted to subterranean life (Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD7DFC3B787A0E02" author="Coskun, Y." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="831 - 841" refId="ref8734" refString="Coskun, Y. 2016. Review of unique odd chromosome-numbered underground rodent species of the Palearctic region: Ellobius Lutescens Thomas 1897 (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40: 831 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo- 1509 - 53" type="journal article" year="2016">Coşkun, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FF31FBFB7B5B0EC2" blockId="2.[192,793,710,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FEDCFBFB78310E22" box="[279,329,1062,1087]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the Kaldar Cave is located and the fossil material under study come from,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FD70FB9B7A600E42" authorityName="FISCHER" authorityYear="1814" box="[699,792,1094,1119]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FD70FB9B7A600E42" box="[699,792,1094,1119]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently represented by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FDC2FBBB7BE50E62" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[521,669,1126,1151]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FDC2FBBB7BE50E62" box="[521,669,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FD66FBBB78610E82" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FD66FBBB78610E82" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FE98FB5B78A90E82" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1770" box="[339,465,1158,1183]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FE98FB5B78A90E82" box="[339,465,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. talpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE14FB5B7BC20E82" author="Gharkheloo, M. M." box="[479,698,1158,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="281 - 292" refId="ref9312" refString="Gharkheloo, M. M. 2003. A study on the morphology, karyology and distribution of Ellobius Fischer, 1814 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 27: 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="2003">Gharkheloo, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Firouz, 2005; Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FDBFFB7B78020EC2" author="Krystufek, B. & Shenbrot, G." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9830" refString="Krystufek, B. and Shenbrot, G. 2016. Ellobius lutescens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened" type="book" year="2016">Kryštufek and Shenbrot, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE4EFB1B7B610EC2" author="Rusin, M." box="[389,537,1222,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="7656" refId="ref11118" refString="Rusin, M. 2017. Ellobius talpinus, Northern Mole Vole. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 7656 A 115085720. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 3. RLTS. T 7656 A 22339917. en" type="journal article" year="2017">Rusin, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A1FE10875DA29FC8DFB477C350EEC" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[838,916,1178,1201]" targetBox="[872,1399,1290,1451]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FC8DFB477C350EEC" blockId="2.[838,1442,1178,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FC8DFB477ACF0EAC" bold="true" box="[838,951,1178,1201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Ranges of month precipitations and mean annual temperatures within the geographic distribution
|
||
<tableNote id="76D34EE70875DA29FC8DFB077C350EEC" box="[838,1357,1242,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[872,1399,1290,1451]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
area of various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FC20FB077DEF0EEC" authority="species" authorityName="Species" box="[1003,1175,1242,1265]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FC20FB077D470EEC" box="[1003,1087,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(https://eol.org/).
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FF31FB3B783B0C42" blockId="2.[192,793,710,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FF31FB3B78A90EE2" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[250,465,1254,1279]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FF31FB3B78A90EE2" box="[250,465,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(western mole vole) is distributed in northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FDCAFADB7B4B0F02" box="[513,563,1286,1311]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FD81FADB7B040F02" box="[586,636,1286,1311]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FD58FADB7A6D0F02" box="[659,789,1286,1311]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FF0BFAFB785B0F22" box="[192,291,1318,1343]" name="Armenia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FE09FAFB7B5A0F22" box="[450,546,1318,1343]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FDF9FAFB7B9D0F22" author="Thomas, O." box="[562,741,1318,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="526" refId="ref11594" refString="Thomas, O. 1905. Ellobius woosnami. Abstract Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 23: 526." type="journal article" year="1905">Thomas, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD3AFAFB7B3B0F42" author="Ellerman, J. R. & Morrison-Scott, T. C. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9156" refString="Ellerman, J. R. and Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. 1951. Checklist of Palearctic and Indian Mammals, 1780 to 1946. British Museum of Natural History, London." type="book" year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD85FA9B7A6C0F42" author="Darlington, P. J." box="[590,788,1350,1375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref8986" refString="Darlington, P. J. 1957. Zoogeography: the Geographical Distribution of Animals. John Wiley and Sons, New York." type="book" year="1957">Darlington, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FF0BFABB781D0F62" author="Osborn, D. J." box="[192,357,1382,1408]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="515 - 529" refId="ref10486" refString="Osborn, D. J. 1962. Rodents of subfamily Microtinae from Turkey. Journal of Mammology, 43 (4): 515 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1376914" type="journal article" year="1962">Osborn, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FEBBFABB7B760F62" author="Walker, E. P." box="[368,526,1382,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref11833" refString="Walker, E. P. 1964. Mammals of the World. Vol. 2. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore." type="book" year="1964">Walker, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FDD2FABB7BF70F62" author="Lay, D. M." box="[537,655,1382,1407]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref10041" refString="Lay, D. M. 1967. A study of the mammals of Iran, resulting from the street expedition of 1962 - 63." type="book" year="1967">Lay, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD51FABB79870F82" author="Hassinger, J. D." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9382" refString="Hassinger, J. D. 1973. A survey of the mammals of Afghanistan: resulting from the 1965 Street" type="book" year="1973">Hassinger, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FED9FA5B78B90F82" author="Roberts, T. J." box="[274,449,1414,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref10761" refString="Roberts, T. J. 1977. The Mammals of Pakistan. Ernst Benn Ltd., London." type="book" year="1977">Roberts, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE1FFA5B7B010F82" author="Corbet, G. B." box="[468,633,1414,1440]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref8485" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978. The Mammals of the Palearctic Region: A Taxonomic Review. British Museum of Natural History, London." type="book" year="1978">Corbet, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD47FA5B78420FA2" author="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref8512" refString="Corbet, G. B. and Hill, J. E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. 3 rd ed. British Museum of Natural History, London." type="book" year="1991">Corbet and Hill, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE86FA7B78840FA2" author="Coskun, Y." box="[333,508,1446,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="349 - 354" refId="ref8654" refString="Coskun, Y. 1997. Ellobius lutescens Thomas, 1897 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) Turkish Journal of Zoology. 21; 349 - 354." type="journal article" year="1997">Coşkun, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FDC4FA7B7BCE0FA2" author="Nowak, R. M." box="[527,694,1446,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref10464" refString="Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore." type="book" year="1999">Nowak, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD03FA7B78E40FC2" author="Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref12010" refString="Wilson, D. E. and Reeder, D. M. 2005. Mammal Species of the World. Smithsonian Institution" type="book" year="2005">Wilson and Reeder, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FE62FA1B7A6C0FC2" author="Krystufek, B. & Shenbrot, G." box="[425,788,1478,1504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9830" refString="Krystufek, B. and Shenbrot, G. 2016. Ellobius lutescens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened" type="book" year="2016">Kryštufek and Shenbrot, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson et al., 2017). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FE1BFA3B7B7A0FE2" box="[464,514,1510,1535]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species is found in mountain grasslands, sandy semi-deserts and steppe areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FEAEF9FB7BB40C22" author="Krystufek, B. & Shenbrot, G." box="[357,716,1574,1600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref9830" refString="Krystufek, B. and Shenbrot, G. 2016. Ellobius lutescens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened" type="book" year="2016">Kryštufek and Shenbrot, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FD1CF9FB784F0C42" author="Tesakov, A. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref11537" refString="Tesakov, A. S. 2016. Early Middle Pleistocene Ellobius (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Arvicolinae) from Armenia. Russian Journal of Theriology, 15 (2): 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="2016">Tesakov, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FBE6FAD77C380FB6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<table id="F935BDC9087525D4FCA3FAD77C0F0FB6" box="[872,1399,1290,1451]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<tr id="35054D2B087525D4FCA3FAD77C0F0F24" box="[872,1399,1290,1337]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76D42457087525D4FBE6FAD77DD50F24" box="[1069,1197,1290,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FBE6FAD77DE60F24" bold="true" box="[1069,1197,1290,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Temperature (Max/Min)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76D42457087525D4FB1FFAD77C0F0F24" box="[1236,1399,1290,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FB2EFAD77C0F0F24" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Precipitation (mm per month)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35054D2B087525D4FCA3FA917C0F0F7C" box="[872,1399,1356,1377]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D42457087525D4FCA3FA917A840F7C" box="[872,1020,1356,1377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FCA3FA907A840F7C" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[872,1020,1357,1377]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FCA3FA907A840F7C" box="[872,1020,1357,1377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D42457087525D4FBE6FA917DD50F7C" box="[1069,1197,1356,1377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">11.62/ 0.1°C</td>
|
||
<td id="76D42457087525D4FB1FFA917C0F0F7C" box="[1236,1399,1356,1377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">36.01</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35054D2B087525D4FCA3FAAF7C0F0F9B" box="[872,1399,1394,1414]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D42457087525D4FCA3FAAF7A840F9B" box="[872,1020,1394,1414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FCA3FAAF7AA40F9B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1897" box="[872,988,1394,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FCA3FAAF7AA40F9B" box="[872,988,1394,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D42457087525D4FBE6FAAF7DD50F9B" box="[1069,1197,1394,1414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">10.79/ 0.1°C</td>
|
||
<td id="76D42457087525D4FB1FFAAF7C0F0F9B" box="[1236,1399,1394,1414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">28.17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35054D2B087525D4FCA3FA4A7C0F0FB6" box="[872,1399,1431,1451]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76D42457087525D4FCA3FA4A7A840FB6" box="[872,1020,1431,1451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FCA3FA4A7AB30FB6" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1770" box="[872,971,1431,1451]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FCA3FA4A7AB30FB6" box="[872,971,1431,1451]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. talpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D42457087525D4FBE6FA4A7DD50FB6" box="[1069,1197,1431,1451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.75 /0.1°C</td>
|
||
<td id="76D42457087525D4FB1FFA4A7C0F0FB6" box="[1236,1399,1431,1451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24.94</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FF31F9BB78B10CE2" blockId="2.[192,793,710,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FF31F9BB7B780C62" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[250,512,1638,1663]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FF31F9BB7B780C62" box="[250,512,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(southern mole vole) shows a range across northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FDA1F95B7BE40C82" box="[618,668,1670,1695]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FD6CF95B79840CA2" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FEC2F97B78ED0CA2" box="[265,405,1702,1727]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FE1EF97B7B470CA2" box="[469,575,1702,1727]" name="Pakistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FDA6F97B7BE30CA2" box="[621,667,1702,1727]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
it is found in open steppes with loose soil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FDF1F91B7A6C0CC2" author="Gharkheloo, M. M." box="[570,788,1734,1760]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="281 - 292" refId="ref9312" refString="Gharkheloo, M. M. 2003. A study on the morphology, karyology and distribution of Ellobius Fischer, 1814 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 27: 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="2003">Gharkheloo, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FF0BF93B78C60CE2" author="Shenbrot, G. & Krystufek, B. & Molur, S." box="[192,446,1766,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="7654" refId="ref11266" refString="Shenbrot, G., Krystufek, B., and Molur, S. 2016. Ellobius fuscocapillus, Southern Mole Vole. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 7654 A 22339730. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 2. RLTS. T 7654 A 22339730. en" type="journal article" year="2016">Shenbrot et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FF31F8DB7AEC0AE2" blockId="2.[192,793,710,1887]" lastBlockId="2.[840,1441,166,1023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FF31F8DB78C60D02" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1770" box="[250,446,1798,1823]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FF31F8DB78C60D02" box="[250,446,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius talpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(northern mole vole) is distributed in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FDC1F8FB7B1E0D22" box="[522,614,1830,1855]" name="Ukraine" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FD74F8FB7A6D0D22" box="[703,789,1830,1855]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FF0BF89B78370D42" box="[192,335,1862,1887]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FE96F89B789D0D42" box="[349,485,1862,1887]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FE39F89B7BEA0D42" box="[498,658,1862,1887]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in the small part of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FB86FF7B7D070AA2" box="[1101,1151,166,191]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Its habitat requirements are similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FBABFF1B7AE90AE2" authority="(Rusin, 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Rusin" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FBABFF1B7C440AC2" box="[1120,1340,198,223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FA98FF1B7AF20AE2" author="Rusin, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="7656" refId="ref11118" refString="Rusin, M. 2017. Ellobius talpinus, Northern Mole Vole. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 7656 A 115085720. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 3. RLTS. T 7656 A 22339917. en" type="journal article" year="2017">Rusin, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FC49FEDB7C1B09E2" blockId="2.[840,1441,166,1023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The geographical areas occupied by the three species show differences in mean annual temperatures and precipitations (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B77AD20875DA29FBA7FE9B7DBC0B42" box="[1132,1220,326,351]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[838,916,1178,1201]" captionTargetBox="[872,1399,1290,1451]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Ranges of month precipitations and mean annual temperatures within the geographic distribution area of various Ellobius species (https://eol.org/)." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FB14FE9B7CD90B42" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1770" box="[1247,1441,326,351]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FB14FE9B7CD90B42" box="[1247,1441,326,351]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius talpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in regions with drier conditions and lower maximum annual temperature than that of the other two species. The geographic ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FA4CFE7B7A980BC2" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FA4CFE7B7A980BC2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FBD6FE1B7DC80BC2" baseAuthorityName="Rusin" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1053,1200,454,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FBD6FE1B7DC80BC2" box="[1053,1200,454,479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
display similar temperatures, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FBCEFE3B7DBF0BE2" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1029,1223,486,511]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FBCEFE3B7DBF0BE2" box="[1029,1223,486,511]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E. fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in wetter environments. All the temperatures and precipitation levels are estimations, consistent with the above-described
|
||
<typeStatus id="548EF1CB0875DA29FBD0FD9B7D350842" box="[1051,1101,582,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of habitat. However, since their subterranean life makes them relatively insensitive to high variations in surface temperatures and precipitations, we can consider that all three species have essentially the same habitat requirements. What can make differences is the resulting vegetation cover, which is of course important for the survival of the animals. But all what we can assume in the current state of knowledge is that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FCBEFCBB7D4D0962" authority="species" authorityName="Species" box="[885,1077,870,895]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FCBEFCBB7AAA0962" box="[885,978,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provide significant information as indicators for steppe environments. Further studies are needed to evaluate more precisely the potential of the different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FBA2FC1B7C5109C2" authority="species" authorityName="Species" box="[1129,1321,966,991]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FBA2FC1B7DBE09C2" box="[1129,1222,966,991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic indicators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FC83FBCB7DF00E32" blockId="2.[840,1160,1046,1071]" box="[840,1160,1046,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FC83FBCB7DF00E32" bold="true" box="[840,1160,1046,1071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Fossil Record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FBEBFBCB7DF00E32" box="[1056,1160,1046,1071]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FBEBFBCB7DF00E32" bold="true" box="[1056,1160,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA29FC49FB9B7D330CE2" blockId="2.[898,1440,1094,1120]" lastBlockId="2.[840,1441,1510,1888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Arvicolines are commonly used in Quaternary biostratigraphy because of their rapid evolution and their abundance in the fossil record. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FC83F9FB7ADD0C22" box="[840,933,1574,1599]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FC83F9FB7ADD0C22" box="[840,933,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may represent a crucial biostratigraphic yardstick in the Zagros mountain range, which marks the western limits of its extant distribution range in the western Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA29FB53F95B7D500CA2" author="Weissbrod, L. & Weinstein-Evron, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref11954" refString="Weissbrod, L. and Weinstein-Evron, M. 2020. Climate variability in early expansions of Homo" type="book" year="2020">Weissbrod and Weinstein-Evron, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the palaeobiogeographic and stratigraphic range of the genus in this region is still debated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690875DA28FC49F8DB7BEE0B5F" blockId="2.[840,1441,1510,1888]" lastBlockId="3.[192,793,169,1890]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Remains of cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0875DA29FBFEF8DB7DEA0D02" box="[1077,1170,1798,1823]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0875DA29FBFEF8DB7DEA0D02" box="[1077,1170,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been reported in early Pliocene (Ruscinian) sites in Kotovka,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1818B0875DA29FC83F89B7ADC0D7D" box="[840,932,1862,1888]" country="Ukraine" name="Odesa" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Odessa</collectingRegion>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90875DA29FBCAF89B7D250D42" box="[1025,1117,1862,1887]" name="Ukraine" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980875DA28FBA4F89B78790ADF" author="Nesin, V. & Nadachowski, A." lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref10425" refString="Nesin, V. and Nadachowski, A. 2001. Late Miocene and Pliocene small mammal faunas" type="book" year="2001">Nesin and Nadachowski, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in two late Pliocene (Late Villanyian) sites, in the west of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FE6CFF147B7B0AFF" box="[423,515,201,226]" name="Ukraine" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in Rivoli Veronese, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FEA8FF3478EB0B1F" box="[355,403,233,258]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FE61FF357BF60B1F" author="Sala, B. & Masini, F. & Torre, D." box="[426,654,232,258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref11172" refString="Sala, B., Masini, F., and Torre, D. 1994. Villanyian arvicolids from Veronese, a karst fissure in the Adige valley, Northeastern Italy. Bolletino Societa Paleontologica Italina, 33: 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1994">Sala et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FF0BFED478040B3F" author="Tesakov, A. S." box="[192,380,265,290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 134" refId="ref11509" refString="Tesakov, A. S. 1998. Voles of the Tegelen fauna. Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO, 60: 71 - 134." type="journal article" year="1998">Tesakov (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
believes that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FDA9FED47BC70B3F" box="[610,703,265,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FDA9FED47BC70B3F" box="[610,703,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FF36FEF478550B5F" box="[253,301,297,322]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FE7CFEF47BF70B5F" box="[439,655,297,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Ungaromys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dehmi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FE7CFEF47BF70B5F" box="[439,655,297,322]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ungaromys dehmi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690874DA28FF31FE94787408BF" blockId="3.[192,793,169,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
According to several authors (compiled in Topachevsky and Rekovets, 1982;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FDACFEB478320BBF" author="Maul, L. C. & Markova, A. K." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10176" refString="Maul, L. C. and Markova, A. K. 2007. Similarity and regional differences in Quaternary arvicolid" type="book" year="2007">Maul and Markova, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FE92FE547B730BBF" author="Tesakov, A. S." box="[345,523,393,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref11537" refString="Tesakov, A. S. 2016. Early Middle Pleistocene Ellobius (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Arvicolinae) from Armenia. Russian Journal of Theriology, 15 (2): 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="2016">Tesakov, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), there was a succession of several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FE4FFE747B300BDF" authority="species" authorityName="Species" box="[388,584,425,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FE4FFE7478990BDF" box="[388,481,425,450]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during the early Pleistocene in Eastern Europe:
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FDFFFE147895083F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. paleotalpinus, E. melitopoliensis, E. primigenis, E. lakhutensis, E. tauricus, E. kujalnikensis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FDFAFDD47A68083F" box="[561,784,521,546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. tarchancutensis</emphasis>
|
||
. The morphology of
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FE77FDF47BE6085F" box="[444,670,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. tarchancutensis</emphasis>
|
||
suggests that it could be the ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FDB7FD947A60087F" baseAuthorityName="Rusin" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[636,792,585,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FDB7FD947A60087F" box="[636,792,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Topachevsky and Rekovets, 1982;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FD7AFDB4787A08BF" author="Tesakov, A. S." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref11537" refString="Tesakov, A. S. 2016. Early Middle Pleistocene Ellobius (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Arvicolinae) from Armenia. Russian Journal of Theriology, 15 (2): 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="2016">Tesakov, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690874DA28FF31FD747B6309BF" blockId="3.[192,793,169,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
In western Asia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FE76FD747B6208DF" box="[445,538,681,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FE76FD747B6208DF" box="[445,538,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recognized in several Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites in Sel’-Ungur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FEB4FD347B7A091F" box="[383,514,745,770]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FDD8FD347B08091F" box="[531,624,745,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FDD8FD347B08091F" box="[531,624,745,770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex gr.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FD0AFD347A69091F" box="[705,785,745,770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">tancrei</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FF0BFCD47800093F" author="Markova, A." box="[192,376,777,802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref10138" refString="Markova, A. 1992. Fossil rodents (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Sel' - Ungur Acheulian cave site (Kirghizstan). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 35 (2): 217 - 239." type="journal article" year="1992">Markova, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in Hummal layer G in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FD5FFCD57BA9093F" box="[660,721,776,802]" name="Syria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FD28FCD47859095F" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FD28FCD47989095F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FEE6FCF47883095F" author="Maul, L. C. & Smith, K. T. & Shenbrot, G. & Bruch, A. A. & Wegmuller, F. & Le Tensorer, J. M." box="[301,507,809,834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10228" refString="Maul, L. C., Smith, K. T., Shenbrot, G., Bruch, A. A., Wegmuller, F., and Le Tensorer, J. M. 2015. Microvertebrates from unit G / layer 17 of the archaeological site of Hummal (El Kowm," type="book" year="2015">Maul et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Azokh-1 units Vm, Vu, III, II/III, II (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FE8DFC9478AC097F" box="[326,468,841,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FE8DFC9478DB097F" box="[326,419,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Fernández-Jalvo, 2016) in Nagorno Karabakh and Krasarin (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FDBBFCB4782109BF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FDBBFCB4782A09BF" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pomeli" subGenus="Bramus">Ellobius (Bramus) pomeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FEABFC547B6909BF" author="Tesakov, A. S." box="[352,529,905,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="151 - 158" refId="ref11537" refString="Tesakov, A. S. 2016. Early Middle Pleistocene Ellobius (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Arvicolinae) from Armenia. Russian Journal of Theriology, 15 (2): 151 - 158." type="journal article" year="2016">Tesakov, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690874DA28FF31FC7478740C1F" blockId="3.[192,793,169,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
During the Middle Pleistocene,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FD70FC747A6009DF" box="[699,792,937,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FD70FC747A6009DF" box="[699,792,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extended its range westwards to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FD97FC147BD909FF" box="[604,673,969,994]" name="Israel" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tabun C and D (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FEDDFC3478E60E1F" author="Bate, D. M. A." box="[278,414,1001,1026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref7795" refString="Bate, D. M. A. 1937. Palaeontoogy: the fossil fauna of the Wady El-Mughara caves. In Garrod," type="book" year="1937">Bate, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Frumkin and Comay, in press), Misliya Cave (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FEB0FBD479860E5F" author="Weissbrod, L. & Weinstein-Evron, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref11954" refString="Weissbrod, L. and Weinstein-Evron, M. 2020. Climate variability in early expansions of Homo" type="book" year="2020">Weissbrod and Weinstein-Evron, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and North Africa as far as to the Moroccan Atlantic coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FEB6FB947B5D0E7F" author="Jaeger, J. J." box="[381,549,1097,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="3 - 50" refId="ref9555" refString="Jaeger, J. J. 1988. Origine et evolution du genre Ellobius (Mammalia, Rodentia) en Afrique Nord- Occidentale. Folia Quaternaria 57: 3 - 50." type="journal article" year="1988">Jaeger, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FDF3FB957B880E7F" author="Stoetzel, E." box="[568,752,1096,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="359 - 381" refId="ref11331" refString="Stoetzel, E. 2013. Late Cenozoic micromammal biochronology of northwestern Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 392: 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2013.09.026" type="journal article" year="2013">Stoetzel, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It probably arrived there from western Asia via the Libyco-Egyptian route during a cooling and aridification of North Africa favouring the development of steppes at the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FF0DFB3578060F1F" author="Stoetzel, E." box="[198,382,1256,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="359 - 381" refId="ref11331" refString="Stoetzel, E. 2013. Late Cenozoic micromammal biochronology of northwestern Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 392: 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2013.09.026" type="journal article" year="2013">Stoetzel, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The North African species then evolved independently from the Asian ones, through the succession of
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FDC9FAF478F10F7F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. africanus, E. atlanticus, E. barbarus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FE00FA947B4E0F7F" box="[459,566,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. zimae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FD8CFA947B940F7F" author="Jaeger, J. J." box="[583,748,1353,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="3 - 50" refId="ref9555" refString="Jaeger, J. J. 1988. Origine et evolution du genre Ellobius (Mammalia, Rodentia) en Afrique Nord- Occidentale. Folia Quaternaria 57: 3 - 50." type="journal article" year="1988">Jaeger, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In most studies, it is concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FD9CFAB47BCC0F9F" box="[599,692,1385,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FD9CFAB47BCC0F9F" box="[599,692,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, outside its current range, disappeared at the end of the Middle Pleistocene at the latest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FD94FA757A6C0FDF" author="Stoetzel, E." box="[607,788,1448,1474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="359 - 381" refId="ref11331" refString="Stoetzel, E. 2013. Late Cenozoic micromammal biochronology of northwestern Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 392: 359 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2013.09.026" type="journal article" year="2013">Stoetzel, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FF0BFA1478F10FFF" author="Maul, L. C. & Smith, K. T. & Shenbrot, G. & Bruch, A. A. & Wegmuller, F. & Le Tensorer, J. M." box="[192,393,1481,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10228" refString="Maul, L. C., Smith, K. T., Shenbrot, G., Bruch, A. A., Wegmuller, F., and Le Tensorer, J. M. 2015. Microvertebrates from unit G / layer 17 of the archaeological site of Hummal (El Kowm," type="book" year="2015">Maul et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FE5FFA14787A0C1F" author="Weissbrod, L. & Weinstein-Evron, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref11954" refString="Weissbrod, L. and Weinstein-Evron, M. 2020. Climate variability in early expansions of Homo" type="book" year="2020">Weissbrod and Weinstein-Evron, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690874DA28FF31F9D47A9F0BDF" blockId="3.[192,793,169,1890]" lastBlockId="3.[840,1441,169,450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
In the Late Pleistocene,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FDE8F9D47B9B0C3F" authorityName="Blasius" authorityYear="1884" box="[547,739,1545,1570]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trancrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FDE8F9D47B9B0C3F" box="[547,739,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius trancrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described from the Mousterian site of Ogzy-Kichik,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FED3F99478D20C7F" box="[280,426,1609,1634]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tadzhikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FE71F9947B0C0C7F" author="Markova, A." box="[442,628,1609,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref10138" refString="Markova, A. 1992. Fossil rodents (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Sel' - Ungur Acheulian cave site (Kirghizstan). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 35 (2): 217 - 239." type="journal article" year="1992">Markova, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The modern species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FEE7F9B478BF0C9F" baseAuthorityName="Rusin" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[300,455,1641,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FEE7F9B478BF0C9F" box="[300,455,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FD59F9B47BB80C9F" box="[658,704,1641,1666]" name="Iraq" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FD13F9B479850CBF" author="Bate, D. M. A." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref7762" refString="Bate, D. M. A. 1930. Animal remains from the Dark Cave, Hazar Merd. American School of" type="book" year="1930">Bate, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the layers of Hazar Merd, dated to 25,000 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FE81F97578830CDF" author="Coskun, Y." box="[330,507,1704,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="831 - 841" refId="ref8734" refString="Coskun, Y. 2016. Review of unique odd chromosome-numbered underground rodent species of the Palearctic region: Ellobius Lutescens Thomas 1897 (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40: 831 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo- 1509 - 53" type="journal article" year="2016">Coşkun, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FDC4F9747A600CDF" author="Hashemi, N. & Darvish, J. & Mashkour, M. & Biglari, F." box="[527,792,1705,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9428" refString="Hashemi, N., Darvish, J., Mashkour, M., and Biglari, F. 2006. Rodents and lagomorphs remains" type="book" year="2006">Hashemi et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FE2EF9147BF90CFF" baseAuthorityName="Rusin" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[485,641,1737,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FE2EF9147BF90CFF" box="[485,641,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found in several Late Pleistocene and early Holocene sites in western and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FD68F8D47BAD0D3F" box="[675,725,1801,1826]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Kani Mikaeil (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1818B0874DA28FEE6F8F478D70D5F" box="[301,431,1833,1858]" country="Iran" name="Kordestan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Kordestan</collectingRegion>
|
||
), Qalaloun near Kouhdasht, Yafteh Gar, and Arjeneh near Khoramabad (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1818B0874DA28FD2DF8947AF70ADF" box="[742,911,169,1890]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FC6DFF747DFD0ADF" baseAuthorityName="Rusin" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[934,1157,169,194]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FC6DFF747DFD0ADF" box="[934,1157,169,194]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been documented in Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic units of Dzudzuana Cave (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FBEEFF357DF30B1F" box="[1061,1163,232,258]" name="Georgia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 34.4-6 ka cal BP;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FABAFF347D550B3F" author="Belmaker, M. & Bar-Yosef, O. & Belfer-Cohen, A. & Meshveliani, T. & Jakeli, N." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="4 - 15" refId="ref8300" refString="Belmaker, M., Bar-Yosef, O., Belfer-Cohen, A., Meshveliani, T., and Jakeli, N. 2016. The environment in the Caucasus in the Upper Paleolithic (Late Pleistocene): evidence from the small mammals from Dzudzuana cave, Georgia. Quaternary International, 425: 4 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quaint. 2016.06.022" type="journal article" year="2016">Belmaker et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and also in Aghitu-3 level VII (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3220FF90874DA28FC85FEF47AC00B5F" box="[846,952,297,322]" name="Armenia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Upper Palaeolithic, 39-36 ka cal BP; Kandel et al., 2017).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FBBDFE947C760B7F" box="[1142,1294,329,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FBBDFE947DAB0B7F" box="[1142,1235,329,354]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described in Azokh-1 unit I (157 ± 26 ka BP) and in the Holocene site Azokh-5 (Nagorno Karabakh,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FC83FE757AA50BDF" author="Parfitt, S. A." box="[840,989,424,450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10551" refString="Parfitt, S. A. 2016. Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores from Azokh Cave, p. 163 - 177. In Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., King, T., Yepiskoposyan, L., and Andrews, P. (eds.), Azokh Cave and the Transcaucasian Corridor. Springer, Dordrecht. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 24924 - 7" type="book" year="2016">Parfitt, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F1CE20874DA28FC83FE047ACA0FFF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690874DA28FC83FE047D920BEF" blockId="3.[840,1258,473,498]" box="[840,1258,473,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FC83FE047D920BEF" bold="true" box="[840,1258,473,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description of Tooth Morphology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690874DA28FC49FDD47D23097F" blockId="3.[840,1441,520,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
We restricted our analysis to the first lower molar, the most diagnostic tooth in arvicolines. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FC83FD947ADD087F" box="[840,933,585,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FC83FD947ADD087F" box="[840,933,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lower m1 is composed of the anterior cap (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED24D7AC0874DA28FC84FDB57A03089F" box="[847,891,616,642]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||
), five triangles (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED24D7AC0874DA28FBFAFDB47D3C089F" box="[1073,1092,617,642]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T</collectionCode>
|
||
) with three buccal (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED24D7AC0874DA28FAE1FDB47C1D089F" box="[1322,1381,617,642]" country="Slovakia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14946" name="Slovak National Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">BRA</collectionCode>
|
||
) and four lingual (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED24D7AC0874DA28FC17FD547D6C08BF" box="[988,1044,649,674]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">LRA</collectionCode>
|
||
) re-entrant angles, and one posterior lobe (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED24D7AC0874DA28FC12FD747A8508DF" box="[985,1021,681,706]" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E53EC0874DA28FBD3FD747DEF08DF" box="[1048,1175,681,706]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[190,281,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[200,1430,164,759]" captionTargetId="figure-502@4.[200,1430,164,759]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A) Occlusal surface of Ellobius right lower m1: triangle (T); buccal re-entrant angle (BRA); lingual re- entrant angle (LRA); anterior cap (AC); posterior lobe (PL); B) Lingual view of left lower m1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11063092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11063092/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FB79FD747C7708DF" box="[1202,1295,681,706]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FB79FD747C7708DF" box="[1202,1295,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
molars are notably characterized by broadly confluent triangles, and the presence of roots that are visible in adult and old individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E53EC0874DA28FB45FCD47C75093F" box="[1166,1293,777,802]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[190,281,784,807]" captionTargetBox="[200,1430,164,759]" captionTargetId="figure-502@4.[200,1430,164,759]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. A) Occlusal surface of Ellobius right lower m1: triangle (T); buccal re-entrant angle (BRA); lingual re- entrant angle (LRA); anterior cap (AC); posterior lobe (PL); B) Lingual view of left lower m1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11063092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11063092/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FC83FCF47ADD095F" box="[840,933,809,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FC83FCF47ADD095F" box="[840,933,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
molars lack cement in the re-entrant angles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FC68FC957D29097F" author="Coskun, Y." box="[931,1105,840,866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="831 - 841" refId="ref8734" refString="Coskun, Y. 2016. Review of unique odd chromosome-numbered underground rodent species of the Palearctic region: Ellobius Lutescens Thomas 1897 (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40: 831 - 841. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo- 1509 - 53" type="journal article" year="2016">Coşkun, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A4F690874DA28FC49FCB47ACA0FFF" blockId="3.[840,1441,520,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
For modern representatives, the skull morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FC78FC547D0609BF" author="Kaya, A. & Gharkheloo, M. M. & Coskun, Y." box="[947,1150,905,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9713" refString="Kaya, A., Gharkheloo, M. M., and Coskun, Y. 2018. Geographic variation in the skull morphology" type="book" year="2018">Kaya et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and external characters (Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2009) contain the main diagnostic features, whereas fossil samples mostly consist of isolated molars or broken jaws. The occlusal morphology of the lower m1 is rather similar in the various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FBE8FBF47D9E0E5F" authority="species" authorityName="Species" box="[1059,1254,1065,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FBE8FBF47DF80E5F" box="[1059,1152,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(especially the three Iranian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FB8CFB947C780E7C" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1095,1280,1096,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FB8CFB947C780E7C" box="[1095,1280,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FAC4FB947CD80E7F" baseAuthorityName="Rusin" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1295,1440,1097,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FAC4FB947CD80E7F" box="[1295,1440,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FCB5FBB47A840E9F" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1770" box="[894,1020,1129,1154]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FCB5FBB47A840E9F" box="[894,1020,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. talpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, some specific morphological characters have been pointed out in previous studies: the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED24D7AC0874DA28FBC5FB757D4A0EDF" box="[1038,1074,1192,1218]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
|
||
is broad in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FB09FB747CE00EDF" baseAuthorityName="Rusin" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1218,1432,1193,1218]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lutescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FB09FB747CE00EDF" box="[1218,1432,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius lutescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, narrow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FC0FFB147DF10EFF" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1770" box="[964,1161,1225,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FC0FFB147DF10EFF" box="[964,1161,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius talpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FAA0FB147C7B0F1F" authority="(Maul et al., 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Maul" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FAA0FB147D630F1C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FBE1FB347D840F1F" author="Maul, L. C. & Smith, K. T. & Shenbrot, G. & Bruch, A. A. & Wegmuller, F. & Le Tensorer, J. M." box="[1066,1276,1257,1282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10228" refString="Maul, L. C., Smith, K. T., Shenbrot, G., Bruch, A. A., Wegmuller, F., and Le Tensorer, J. M. 2015. Microvertebrates from unit G / layer 17 of the archaeological site of Hummal (El Kowm," type="book" year="2015">Maul et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the distance between
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED24D7AC0874DA28FC7FFAD47ABD0F3F" box="[948,965,1289,1314]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T</collectionCode>
|
||
4 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED24D7AC0874DA28FBC4FAD47D580F3F" box="[1039,1056,1289,1314]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T</collectionCode>
|
||
5 (W) and the total length (L) differ between the species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FB52FAF47CD80F5C" box="[1177,1440,1320,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscocapillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FB52FAF47CD80F5C" box="[1177,1440,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius fuscocapillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing the largest teeth and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3534EA0874DA28FB7AFA947C0A0F7F" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1770" box="[1201,1394,1353,1378]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ellobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941937B0874DA28FB7AFA947C0A0F7F" box="[1201,1394,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ellobius talpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the smallest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA432980874DA28FC75FAB57C620F9F" author="Rey-Rodriguez, I. & Lopez-Garcia, J. M. & Blain, H. - A. & Stoetzel, E. & Denys, C. & Bazgir, B. & Olle, A." box="[958,1306,1384,1410]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="106278" refId="ref10663" refString="Rey-Rodriguez, I., Lopez-Garcia, J. M., Blain, H. - A., Stoetzel, E., Denys, C., Bazgir, B., and Olle, A. 2020. Exploring the landscape and climatic conditions of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans in the Middle East: the rodent assemblage from the late Pleistocene of Kaldar Cave (Khorramabad Valley, Iran). Quaternary Science Reviews, 236: 106278. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quascirev. 2020.106278" type="journal article" year="2020">Rey-Rodríguez et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, these varying morphological and biometric characters are not always clear nor reliable distinction is possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |