426 lines
64 KiB
XML
426 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="E53924FA52101D1F9C6DE0596DA8EA5D" ID-DOI="10.1093/mspecies/sez011" ID-ISSN="1545-1410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7168858" ID-ZooBank="8AC0A4D9-1D09-4291-894C-CDA8C2EE6083" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665270192973" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Velazco, Paúl M & Kline, Kerry A" docDate="2019" docId="039C87BFFFC6F91D0475FAF9BB1FF7FC" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpecies.51.979.70-74.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalian Species 51 (979)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sez011" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36.4:MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36" docStyleName="MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tomopeas ravus Miller 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FFA5FFC7FFC6F91F0566FFE8BF44F179" masterDocTitle="Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera: Molossidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="70" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1699376350025" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="55DDE9297B205EE8AD0752E00EEDDD63">
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<mods:title id="F80D1AAE75EBF3C34A352CE20540173F">Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera: Molossidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="3D7CE6D00080EEB2BD86BE6DA8ED398C">Velazco, Paúl M</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A791F255243DCC05CB4FF957AF42B03D">Kline, Kerry A</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BC2CAA2A79E5E3A96E6A09DEA6BCDCA3">Mammalian Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B2CF6A856F06BD5522A07B86ADBE693B">
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<mods:date id="5E24DBE8F2FA575E4208F7A1E0955FE1">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EFF46063DE56B5CB0A1C90FD9BFA0101">2019-10-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="35628BAAA085872BC870B7C43232E62E">51</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6B1B2FA2B43D913D345D9510E7EF9A16" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="465C391D27589440C83844E909B4D69D">979</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FD0786CD8AD972A5E1E9161136C51923">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="683AA3FB84ABAD8E308FA51E4DC8C966" type="DOI">10.1093/mspecies/sez011</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="91D73CAE0EB13943F77B1BFBA69D6CDC" type="ISSN">1545-1410</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039C87BFFFC6F91D0475FAF9BB1FF7FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87BFFFC6F91D0475FAF9BB1FF7FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87BFFFC6F91D0475FAF9BB1FF7FC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection id="C32F6522FFC6F91F0475FAF9BD23F423" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC6F91F0475FAF9BD37F452" blockId="0.[275,627,1297,1323]" box="[275,627,1297,1323]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
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<heading id="D0C281C5FFC6F91F0475FAF9BD37F452" box="[275,627,1297,1323]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F0475FAF9BD37F452" ID-CoL="57DHP" authority="Miller, 1900" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[275,627,1297,1323]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
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<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F0475FAF9BD37F452" bold="true" box="[275,627,1297,1323]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F0475FAF9BE92F452" bold="true" box="[275,470,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F04B8FAF9BD37F452" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[478,627,1297,1323]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="570 - 574" refId="ref3842" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1900. LXXIV - a new bat from Peru. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 10: 570 - 574." type="journal article" year="1900">Miller, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC6F91F0478FAABBD23F423" blockId="0.[286,615,1347,1370]" box="[286,615,1347,1370]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Peruvian Crevice-dwelling Bat</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6522FFC6F91F050BFA90BE55F77C" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC6F91F050BFA90BD66F4D6" blockId="0.[109,792,1400,1455]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB251187FFC6F91F050BFA90BD66F4D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9410B8FFC6F91F050BFA90BEBBF4F6" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[109,511,1400,1423]" page="571" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" year="1900">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F050BFA90BEBBF4F6" ID-CoL="57DHP" authority="Miller, 1900: 571" authorityName="Miller" authorityPageNumber="571" authorityYear="1900" box="[109,511,1400,1423]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
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||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F050BFA90BE63F4F6" box="[109,295,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F045DFA90BEBBF4F6" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[315,511,1400,1423]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="570 - 574" refId="ref3842" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1900. LXXIV - a new bat from Peru. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 10: 570 - 574." type="journal article" year="1900">Miller, 1900:571</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="548E880BFFC6F91F0770FA90BD0FF4F6" box="[534,587,1400,1423]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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<quote id="F9CAC1BBFFC6F91F07A5FA90BD66F4D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
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“Yayan,
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<collectingRegion id="49F1F84BFFC6F91F05FBFA70BE56F4D6" box="[157,274,1432,1455]" country="Peru" name="Cajamarca" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3227639FFC6F91F047BFA70BE0AF4D6" box="[285,334,1432,1455]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(alt. 1000 metres).”
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</quote>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC6F91F050BFA26BE55F77C" blockId="0.[109,792,1486,1541]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Context as for genus, no subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6522FFC6F91F050BF9F6BCC9F418" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC6F91F050BF9F6BCC9F418" blockId="0.[109,793,1566,1845]" lastBlockId="0.[840,1523,938,1377]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
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NOMENCLATURAL NOTES. The phylogenetic affinities of
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F050BF9D6BF9CF72C" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[109,216,1598,1621]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F050BF9D6BF9CF72C" box="[109,216,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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have been a major topic of debate.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F0712F9D6BC56F72C" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[628,786,1598,1621]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="570 - 574" refId="ref3842" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1900. LXXIV - a new bat from Peru. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 10: 570 - 574." type="journal article" year="1900">Miller’s (1900</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F050BF9B6BFE6F70C" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[109,162,1630,1653]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3881" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57: xvii + 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">1907</bibRefCitation>
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||
) inclusion of
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F045CF9B6BEE1F70C" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[314,421,1630,1653]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F045CF9B6BEE1F70C" box="[314,421,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in the family
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F075BF9B6BDAEF70C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[573,746,1630,1653]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vespertilionidae</taxonomicName>
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and in its own subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F043EF996BD3AF7EC" authority="Miller, 1907" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1907" box="[344,638,1662,1685]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tomopeatinae">
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Tomopeatinae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F049EF996BD3AF7EC" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[504,638,1662,1685]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3881" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57: xvii + 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">Miller, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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was accepted in several subsequent studies (e.g.,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F0483F976BD31F7CC" author="CABRERA, A." box="[485,629,1694,1717]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 308" refId="ref3240" refString="CABRERA, A. 1958. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales " Bernardino Rivadavia, " Ciencias Zoologicas 4: 1 - 308." type="journal article" year="1958">Cabrera 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F07E5F976BFE6F7AC" author="HONACKI, J. H. & K. E. KINMAN & J. W. KOEPPL" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref3525" refString="HONACKI, J. H., K. E. KINMAN, and J. W. KOEPPL. 1982. Mammals species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference. Allen Press and the Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas." type="book" year="1982">Honacki et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F05DEF956BE27F7AC" author="KOOPMAN, K. P." box="[184,355,1726,1749]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref3679" refString="KOOPMAN, K. P. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137 - 241 in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). 2 nd revised ed. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="1993">Koopman 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F0411F956BEE8F7AC" author="KOOPMAN, K. F." box="[375,428,1726,1749]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 217" refId="ref3739" refString="KOOPMAN, K. F. 1994. Chiroptera: systematics. Handb Zool VIII (Mammalia) 60: 1 - 217." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F04A4F956BC4CF7AC" author="EISENBERG, J. F. & K. H. REDFORD" box="[450,776,1726,1749]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref3337" refString="EISENBERG, J. F., and K. H. REDFORD. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics. The Central Tropics. Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois and London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1999">Eisenberg and Redford 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
), even though
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F059AF936BEE5F78C" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[252,417,1758,1781]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="570 - 574" refId="ref3842" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1900. LXXIV - a new bat from Peru. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 10: 570 - 574." type="journal article" year="1900">Miller’s (1900)</bibRefCitation>
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description of the genus and species hinted at a potential membership in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F07FBF916BC5CF66C" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1856" box="[669,792,1790,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Molossidae</taxonomicName>
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||
based on the morphology of the tragus. After reviewing newly collected specimens,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F015DFC42BB8BF2B8" author="DAVIS, W. B." box="[1083,1231,938,961]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="244 - 247" refId="ref3275" refString="DAVIS, W. B. 1970. Tomopeas ravus Miller (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy 51: 244 - 247." type="journal article" year="1970">Davis (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recommended the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F06CEFC22BB57F298" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[936,1043,970,993]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F06CEFC22BB57F298" box="[936,1043,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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in its own family; however, the placement of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F0601FC02BC96F578" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[871,978,1002,1025]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F0601FC02BC96F578" box="[871,978,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F010BFC02BA5EF578" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1133,1306,1002,1025]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vespertilionidae</taxonomicName>
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||
was not challenged until the use of allozymes and mitochondrial DNA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F00FDFBE2BCF2F538" author="SUDMAN, P. D. & L. J. BARKLEY & M. S. HAFNER" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="365 - 377" refId="ref4254" refString="SUDMAN, P. D., L. J. BARKLEY, and M. S. HAFNER. 1994. Familial affinity of Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera) based on protein electrophoretic and cytochrome b sequence data. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 365 - 377." type="journal article" year="1994">Sudman et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
) found
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F016FFBC2BB30F538" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[1033,1140,1066,1089]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F016FFBC2BB30F538" box="[1033,1140,1066,1089]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
to be sister to all the other members of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F0603FBA2BCA4F518" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1856" box="[869,992,1098,1121]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Molossidae</taxonomicName>
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||
; this relationship was corroborated with morphological data by Simmons (1998). Currently,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F007AFB82BAC3F5F8" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[1308,1415,1130,1153]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F007AFB82BAC3F5F8" box="[1308,1415,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is located in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F0682FB62BB1BF5D8" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1856" box="[996,1119,1162,1185]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Molossidae</taxonomicName>
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in its own subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F003AFB62BAB6F5D8" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1907" box="[1372,1522,1162,1185]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tomopeatinae">Tomopeatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F0637FB42BB30F5B8" author="MCKENNA, M. C. & S. K. BELL" box="[849,1140,1194,1217]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref3810" refString="MCKENNA, M. C., and S. K. BELL. 1997. Classification of mammals: above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York." type="book" year="1997">McKenna and Bell 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F01EBFB42BA7CF5B8" author="SIMMONS, N. B." box="[1165,1336,1194,1217]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref4137" refString="SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529 in Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3 rd ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland." type="book" year="2005">Simmons 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F0037FB42BAAFF5B8" author="BARKLEY, L. J." box="[1361,1515,1194,1217]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref3154" refString="BARKLEY, L. J. 2008. Subfamily Tomopeatinae Miller, 1907. Pp. 439 - 440 in Mammals of South America, vol. 1, marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats (A. L. Gardner, ed.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2008">Barkley 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F062EFB22BBC1F598" author="GREGORIN, R. & A. CIRRANELLO" box="[840,1157,1226,1249]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="2 - 35" refId="ref3492" refString="GREGORIN, R., and A. CIRRANELLO. 2016. Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. Cladistics 32: 2 - 35." type="journal article" year="2016">Gregorin and Cirranello 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Vernacular names for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F00EEFB22BCC7F478" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F00EEFB22BCC7F478" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are blunt-eared bat, Peruvian crevice-dwelling bat, murciélago de orejas romas, and murciélago peruano de grietas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F0637FAC2BCB7F438" author="SIMMONS, N. B." box="[849,1011,1322,1345]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref4137" refString="SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312 - 529 in Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3 rd ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland." type="book" year="2005">Simmons 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F0165FAC2BBD1F438" author="BARKLEY, L. J." box="[1027,1173,1322,1345]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref3154" refString="BARKLEY, L. J. 2008. Subfamily Tomopeatinae Miller, 1907. Pp. 439 - 440 in Mammals of South America, vol. 1, marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats (A. L. Gardner, ed.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2008">Barkley 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F01C3FAC2BA3EF438" author="PACHECO, V., R. & CADENILLAS, E. & SALAS, C. & H. ZEBALLOS" box="[1189,1402,1322,1345]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" pagination="5 - 32" refId="ref3992" refString="PACHECO, V., R. CADENILLAS, E. SALAS, C. TELLO, and H. ZEBALLOS. 2009. Diversidad y endemismo de los mamiferos del Peru. Revista Peruana de Biologia 16: 5 - 32." type="journal article" year="2009">Pacheco et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC6F91F00ECFAC2BC39F418" author="PARI, A. & K. PINO & C. E. MEDINA & E. LoPEZ & H. ZEBALLOS" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" refId="ref4035" refString="PARI, A., K. PINO, C. E. MEDINA, E. LoPEZ, and H. ZEBALLOS. 2015. Murcielagos de Arequipa: Historia Natural y Conservacion. Impreseiones Juve E. I. R. L., Arequipa, Peru." type="book" year="2015">Pari et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6522FFC6F91E012AFA73BC5CF6E0" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC6F91F012AFA73BBABF4CC" blockId="0.[1100,1263,1435,1461]" box="[1100,1263,1435,1461]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F012AFA73BBABF4CC" bold="true" box="[1100,1263,1435,1461]" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC6F91E0615FA37BB72F33B" blockId="0.[840,1523,1503,1846]" lastBlockId="1.[840,1524,203,834]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F0615FA37BB58F48F" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[883,1052,1503,1526]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC6F91F0615FA37BB58F48F" box="[883,1052,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="70">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sole member of the monotypic subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC6F91F062EFA17BCA5F76F" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1907" box="[840,993,1535,1558]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tomopeatinae">Tomopeatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is distinguished from other vespertilionoids by a unique combination of external and skull morphology characters, including: ears with a low, rounded tragus and a small, well-developed antitragus lacking a basal lobe; anteriorly projected pinnae; broad upper lip, slightly wrinkled, conspicuously fringed with hairs, and extends over the lower lip; tubular nostrils; tail is enclosed in the uropatagium, except for the last two vertebrae, which extend beyond the interfemoral membrane; thin uropatagium with visible fascicles of transverse layers of muscle; lateral “brush” of hairs absent on pedal digit length, 4.5–6.0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0693FF23BB46F19B" box="[1013,1026,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 23); ear length, 11.0–16.0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0027FF23BA23F19B" box="[1345,1383,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n =</emphasis>
|
||
18); forearm length, 31.0–35.0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E017CFF03BB02F07B" box="[1050,1094,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n =</emphasis>
|
||
25––
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E01E1FF03BA4DF07B" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[1159,1289,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="570 - 574" refId="ref3842" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1900. LXXIV - a new bat from Peru. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 10: 570 - 574." type="journal article" year="1900">Miller 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E007AFF03BAE6F07B" author="AELLEN, V." box="[1308,1442,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="563 - 571" refId="ref3076" refString="AELLEN, V. 1965. Sur une petite collection de Chiropteres du nord-ouest du Perou. Mammalia (Paris) 29: 563 - 571." type="journal article" year="1965">Aellen 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E00D0FF03BC38F05B" author="DAVIS, W. B." pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="244 - 247" refId="ref3275" refString="DAVIS, W. B. 1970. Tomopeas ravus Miller (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy 51: 244 - 247." type="journal article" year="1970">Davis 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E06EDFEE3BB12F05B" author="VELAZCO, P. M. & CADENILLAS, O. & CENTTY, L. & H. ZAMORA" box="[907,1110,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="425 - 434" refId="ref4441" refString="VELAZCO, P. M., R. CADENILLAS, O. CENTTY, L. HUAMANi, and H. ZAMORA. 2013. New records of Platalina genovensium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) and Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 20: 425 - 434." type="journal article" year="2013">Velazco et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0100FEE3BA75F05B" author="ZAMORA, H. & C. MEDINA & A. ESCOBAR & Y. ARTEAGA & R. CADENILLAS & P. M. VELAZCO" box="[1126,1329,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="257 - 260" refId="ref4670" refString="ZAMORA, H., C. MEDINA, A. ESCOBAR, Y. ARTEAGA, R. CADENILLAS, and P. M. VELAZCO. 2014. New distributional record of the rare endemic Peruvian Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900 (Chiroptera, Molossidae, Tomopeatinae). Mammalia 78: 257 - 260." type="journal article" year="2014">Zamora et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0027FEE3BAA7F05B" author="PARI, A. & K. PINO & C. E. MEDINA & E. LoPEZ & H. ZEBALLOS" box="[1345,1507,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" refId="ref4035" refString="PARI, A., K. PINO, C. E. MEDINA, E. LoPEZ, and H. ZEBALLOS. 2015. Murcielagos de Arequipa: Historia Natural y Conservacion. Impreseiones Juve E. I. R. L., Arequipa, Peru." type="book" year="2015">Pari et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ranges of selected craniodental measurements (mm; parenthetical
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E062EFEA3BC11F01B" box="[840,853,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
) were: greatest length of skull, 11.4–13.2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0042FEA3BA0FF01B" box="[1316,1355,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n =</emphasis>
|
||
21); zygomatic breadth, 6.5–7.6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E016CFE83BB71F0FB" box="[1034,1077,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n =</emphasis>
|
||
19); mastoid breadth, 6.1–6.8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E00F0FE83BAE7F0FB" box="[1430,1443,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 18); least interorbital breadth, 2.8–3.8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E01D5FE63BB9DF0DB" box="[1203,1241,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n =</emphasis>
|
||
21); palate length, 4.3–5.0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0637FE43BC1AF0BB" box="[849,862,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 16); length of maxillary toothrow, 4.2–4.8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0035FE43BA3FF0BB" box="[1363,1403,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n =</emphasis>
|
||
21); width across molars, 4.7–5.3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0126FE23BB09F09B" box="[1088,1101,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 18); greatest mandible length, 7.9–9.8 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0637FE03BC32F37B" box="[849,886,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n =</emphasis>
|
||
17); length of mandibular toothrow, 4.6–5.0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0032FE03BA25F37B" box="[1364,1377,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20––
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E00D7FE03BC38F35B" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="570 - 574" refId="ref3842" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1900. LXXIV - a new bat from Peru. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 10: 570 - 574." type="journal article" year="1900">Miller 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E06EEFDE3BB4CF35B" author="AELLEN, V." box="[904,1032,523,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="563 - 571" refId="ref3076" refString="AELLEN, V. 1965. Sur une petite collection de Chiropteres du nord-ouest du Perou. Mammalia (Paris) 29: 563 - 571." type="journal article" year="1965">Aellen 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0173FDE3BBCFF35B" author="DAVIS, W. B." box="[1045,1163,523,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="244 - 247" refId="ref3275" refString="DAVIS, W. B. 1970. Tomopeas ravus Miller (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy 51: 244 - 247." type="journal article" year="1970">Davis 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E01F1FDE3BA18F35B" author="VELAZCO, P. M. & CADENILLAS, O. & CENTTY, L. & H. ZAMORA" box="[1175,1372,523,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="425 - 434" refId="ref4441" refString="VELAZCO, P. M., R. CADENILLAS, O. CENTTY, L. HUAMANi, and H. ZAMORA. 2013. New records of Platalina genovensium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) and Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 20: 425 - 434." type="journal article" year="2013">Velazco et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E000FFDE3BC38F33B" author="ZAMORA, H. & C. MEDINA & A. ESCOBAR & Y. ARTEAGA & R. CADENILLAS & P. M. VELAZCO" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="257 - 260" refId="ref4670" refString="ZAMORA, H., C. MEDINA, A. ESCOBAR, Y. ARTEAGA, R. CADENILLAS, and P. M. VELAZCO. 2014. New distributional record of the rare endemic Peruvian Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900 (Chiroptera, Molossidae, Tomopeatinae). Mammalia 78: 257 - 260." type="journal article" year="2014">Zamora et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E06ECFDC3BB62F33B" author="PARI, A. & K. PINO & C. E. MEDINA & E. LoPEZ & H. ZEBALLOS" box="[906,1062,555,578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" refId="ref4035" refString="PARI, A., K. PINO, C. E. MEDINA, E. LoPEZ, and H. ZEBALLOS. 2015. Murcielagos de Arequipa: Historia Natural y Conservacion. Impreseiones Juve E. I. R. L., Arequipa, Peru." type="book" year="2015">Pari et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E0615FDA3BEB8F4DA" blockId="1.[840,1524,203,834]" lastBlockId="1.[109,793,1292,1443]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The skull is narrow, with the braincase and rostrum flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E0637FD83BCCBF3FB" box="[849,911,619,642]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1437,1458]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-301@2.[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of the adult male Tomopeas ravus (CEBIOMAS [Colección de Mastozoología, Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru] 226) from Quebrada Pariñas, 9.6 km NE of Talara, district of Pariñas, province of Talara, department of Piura, Peru. Greatest length of the skull is 12.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168864/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rostrum is considerably more than one-half as long as the braincase with a distinct median groove. The sagittal crest is absent. The palate is slightly concave longitudinally. The pterygoids are parallel, enclosing a nearly square space. The pterygoid hamuli are minute and slightly bent inward. The auditory bullae are large and their diameter noticeably exceeds the space between them. Basisphenoid pits are absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E007BFCC3BA1EF23B" box="[1309,1370,811,834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1437,1458]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-301@2.[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of the adult male Tomopeas ravus (CEBIOMAS [Colección de Mastozoología, Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru] 226) from Quebrada Pariñas, 9.6 km NE of Talara, district of Pariñas, province of Talara, department of Piura, Peru. Greatest length of the skull is 12.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168864/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0001FCC3BAA7F23B" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[1383,1507,811,834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3881" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57: xvii + 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">Miller 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). I; dorsoventrally flattened skull with a conspicuous shallow depression in the middle of the nasals; flattened disc-shaped auditory bullae; second lower incisor trifid; seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae fused (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E04C8FA84BD69F4FA" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[430,557,1388,1411]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3881" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57: xvii + 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">Miller 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E075AFA84BDF1F4FA" author="DAVIS, W. B." box="[572,693,1388,1411]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="244 - 247" refId="ref3275" refString="DAVIS, W. B. 1970. Tomopeas ravus Miller (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy 51: 244 - 247." type="journal article" year="1970">Davis 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E07A2FA84BFE6F4DA" author="BARKLEY, L. J." pageId="1" pageNumber="71" refId="ref3154" refString="BARKLEY, L. J. 2008. Subfamily Tomopeatinae Miller, 1907. Pp. 439 - 440 in Mammals of South America, vol. 1, marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats (A. L. Gardner, ed.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois." type="book" year="2008">Barkley 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E05D7FA64BEA8F4DA" author="GREGORIN, R. & A. CIRRANELLO" box="[177,492,1420,1443]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="2 - 35" refId="ref3492" refString="GREGORIN, R., and A. CIRRANELLO. 2016. Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data. Cladistics 32: 2 - 35." type="journal article" year="2016">Gregorin and Cirranello 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6621FFC7F91E050BFBDCBE4BF5C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7168860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168860/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" startId="1.[109,144,1076,1097]" targetBox="[115,787,200,1063]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E050BFBDCBE4BF5C6" blockId="1.[109,792,1076,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E050BFBDCBF89F530" bold="true" box="[109,205,1076,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 1.—</emphasis>
|
||
A subadult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC7F91E04FAFBDDBD04F533" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[412,576,1077,1098]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E04FAFBDDBD04F533" box="[412,576,1077,1098]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MUSA [Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru] 12202) from Quebrada San Juan, province of Pisco, department of Ica, Peru. Photograph by Hugo Zamora used with permission.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E0477FA36BD31F481" blockId="1.[273,629,1502,1528]" box="[273,629,1502,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0477FA36BD31F481" bold="true" box="[273,629,1502,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">GENERAL CHARACTERS</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E05FEF9CABC49F640" blockId="1.[109,792,1570,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC7F91E05FEF9CABE02F740" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[152,326,1570,1593]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E05FEF9CABE02F740" box="[152,326,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small bat (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B4CFFC7F91E048CF9CABD6EF740" box="[490,554,1570,1593]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" unit="g" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 g</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0750F9CABD07F740" box="[566,579,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 19––
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E07F1F9CABC55F740" author="DAVIS, W. B." box="[663,785,1570,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="244 - 247" refId="ref3275" refString="DAVIS, W. B. 1970. Tomopeas ravus Miller (Chiroptera). Journal of Mammalogy 51: 244 - 247." type="journal article" year="1970">Davis 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E050BF9AABE7AF720" author="VELAZCO, P. M. & CADENILLAS, O. & CENTTY, L. & H. ZAMORA" box="[109,318,1602,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="425 - 434" refId="ref4441" refString="VELAZCO, P. M., R. CADENILLAS, O. CENTTY, L. HUAMANi, and H. ZAMORA. 2013. New records of Platalina genovensium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) and Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 20: 425 - 434." type="journal article" year="2013">Velazco et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0429F9AABD5BF720" author="ZAMORA, H. & C. MEDINA & A. ESCOBAR & Y. ARTEAGA & R. CADENILLAS & P. M. VELAZCO" box="[335,543,1602,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="257 - 260" refId="ref4670" refString="ZAMORA, H., C. MEDINA, A. ESCOBAR, Y. ARTEAGA, R. CADENILLAS, and P. M. VELAZCO. 2014. New distributional record of the rare endemic Peruvian Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900 (Chiroptera, Molossidae, Tomopeatinae). Mammalia 78: 257 - 260." type="journal article" year="2014">Zamora et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0749F9AABD92F720" author="PARI, A. & K. PINO & C. E. MEDINA & E. LoPEZ & H. ZEBALLOS" box="[559,726,1602,1625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" refId="ref4035" refString="PARI, A., K. PINO, C. E. MEDINA, E. LoPEZ, and H. ZEBALLOS. 2015. Murcielagos de Arequipa: Historia Natural y Conservacion. Impreseiones Juve E. I. R. L., Arequipa, Peru." type="book" year="2015">Pari et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal pelage is long (about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B4CFFC7F91E04FFF98ABE9CF700" box="[409,472,1634,1657]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and pale brown; the venter is dull buff to whitish cream buff (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E04D8F96ABEBFF7E0" box="[446,507,1666,1689]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[109,144,1076,1097]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-768@1.[115,787,200,1063]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1.—A subadult female Tomopeas ravus (MUSA [Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru] 12202) from Quebrada San Juan, province of Pisco, department of Ica, Peru. Photograph by Hugo Zamora used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168860/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The basal one-half of the fur on the dorsum and venter is dull gray. The skin on the face, ears, and membranes is blackish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E048EF92ABD6DF7A0" box="[488,553,1730,1753]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[109,144,1076,1097]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-768@1.[115,787,200,1063]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1.—A subadult female Tomopeas ravus (MUSA [Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru] 12202) from Quebrada San Juan, province of Pisco, department of Ica, Peru. Photograph by Hugo Zamora used with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168860/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The face and proximal one-half of the ears are furred. Metacarpals III and IV are subequal in size, with metacarpal V being the smallest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E07B3F8EABFE6F640" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3881" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57: xvii + 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">Miller 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The calcar is similar in length to the tibia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0718F8CABDB9F640" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[638,765,1826,1849]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="570 - 574" refId="ref3842" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1900. LXXIV - a new bat from Peru. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology 10: 570 - 574." type="journal article" year="1900">Miller 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E05FEF8AABC5CF6E0" blockId="1.[109,792,1570,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Ranges (mm; parenthetical
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E04B6F8AABE99F620" box="[464,477,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
) for external measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC7F91E05E8F88ABFA2F600" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[142,230,1890,1913]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E05E8F88ABFA2F600" box="[142,230,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">T. ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were: total length, 67.0–85.0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E075BF88ABD0EF600" box="[573,586,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 22); tail length, 29.0–45.0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E058CF86ABFB3F6E0" box="[234,247,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 23); tibia length, 10.0–11.0 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E073CF86ABD23F6E0" box="[602,615,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); hind foot
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6522FFC7F91D0157FC95BB1FF7FC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E0157FC95BA4DF2EE" blockId="1.[1073,1289,893,919]" box="[1073,1289,893,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0157FC95BA4DF2EE" bold="true" box="[1073,1289,893,919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E0615FC29BAB4F5E1" blockId="1.[840,1524,961,1176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC7F91E0615FC29BB60F2A1" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[883,1060,961,984]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0615FC29BB60F2A1" box="[883,1060,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to the coastal desert of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227639FFC7F91E00A4FC29BAB7F2A1" box="[1474,1523,961,984]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E0637FC09BCD6F281" box="[849,914,993,1016]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[840,875,1068,1089]" captionTargetBox="[846,1517,201,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-360@2.[845,1517,200,1054]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3.—Geographic distribution of Tomopeas ravus and associated Andean topography. Localities of sampled specimens obtained from collections records and literature are indicated by circles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168862/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E06C4FC09BB32F281" author="VELAZCO, P. M. & CADENILLAS, O. & CENTTY, L. & H. ZAMORA" box="[930,1142,993,1016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="425 - 434" refId="ref4441" refString="VELAZCO, P. M., R. CADENILLAS, O. CENTTY, L. HUAMANi, and H. ZAMORA. 2013. New records of Platalina genovensium (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) and Tomopeas ravus (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Mastozoologia Neotropical 20: 425 - 434." type="journal article" year="2013">Velazco et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E01EEFC09BA76F281" author="PARI, A. & K. PINO & C. E. MEDINA & E. LoPEZ & H. ZEBALLOS" box="[1160,1330,993,1016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" refId="ref4035" refString="PARI, A., K. PINO, C. E. MEDINA, E. LoPEZ, and H. ZEBALLOS. 2015. Murcielagos de Arequipa: Historia Natural y Conservacion. Impreseiones Juve E. I. R. L., Arequipa, Peru." type="book" year="2015">Pari et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The elevational range is from near sea level (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F84BFFC7F91E0113FBE9BBF5F561" box="[1141,1201,1025,1048]" country="Peru" name="Piura" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Piura</collectingRegion>
|
||
) to near
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B4CFFC7F91E006AFBE9BA27F561" box="[1292,1379,1025,1048]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" unit="m" value="2300.0">2,300 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F84BFFC7F91E0009FBE9BAACF561" box="[1391,1512,1025,1048]" country="Peru" name="Cajamarca" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548E880BFFC7F91E0611FBC9BCE1F541" box="[887,933,1057,1080]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is Yayán in the department of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F84BFFC7F91E005CFBC9BAE8F541" box="[1338,1452,1057,1080]" country="Peru" name="Cajamarca" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
|
||
(coordinates not available).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0150FBA9BAB6F521" author="LOAIZA SALAZAR, C. R. & V. PACHECO TORRES" box="[1078,1522,1089,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="193 - 198" refId="ref3763" refString="LOAIZA SALAZAR, C. R., and V. PACHECO TORRES. 2017. Modelamiento predictivo, distribucion geografica y estado de conservacion de Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900 (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Revista Peruana de Biologia 24: 193 - 198." type="journal article" year="2017">Loaiza Salazar and Pacheco Torres (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erroneously reported the coordinates of another locality (Tolón) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC7F91E0603FB69BC94F5E1" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[869,976,1153,1176]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E0603FB69BC94F5E1" box="[869,976,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Tomopeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548E880BFFC7F91E0111FB69BBE1F5E1" box="[1143,1189,1153,1176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. No fossils are known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E069AFB36BA7AF581" blockId="1.[1020,1342,1246,1272]" box="[1020,1342,1246,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E069AFB36BA7AF581" bold="true" box="[1020,1342,1246,1272]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">FORM AND FUNCTION</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91E0615FACABA75F640" blockId="1.[840,1523,1314,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The hairs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC7F91E016EFACABBFDF440" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[1032,1209,1314,1337]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E016EFACABBFDF440" box="[1032,1209,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present denticulate, coronal scales (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E06F1FAAABB76F420" author="BENEDICT, F. A." box="[919,1074,1346,1369]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="285 - 548" refId="ref3211" refString="BENEDICT, F. A. 1957. Hair structure as a generic character in bats. University of California Publications in Zoology 59: 285 - 548." type="journal article" year="1957">Benedict 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dental formula is i 1/2, c 1/1, p 1/2, m 3/3, total 28. The upper incisor is strongly curved backward and less than one-half the height of the canine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E000AFA6ABAEAF4E0" box="[1388,1454,1410,1433]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1437,1458]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-301@2.[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of the adult male Tomopeas ravus (CEBIOMAS [Colección de Mastozoología, Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru] 226) from Quebrada Pariñas, 9.6 km NE of Talara, district of Pariñas, province of Talara, department of Piura, Peru. Greatest length of the skull is 12.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168864/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The upper incisor cingulum forms a small but distinct inner basal cusp. The lower incisors are subequal and trifid. The upper canine is slightly curved backward. The cingulum of the lower canine forms a distinct anterior basal lobe. The upper premolar is relatively large, its crown area is more than 75% that of the first molar, very slightly emarginate posteriorly, its protocone is well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E06A0F98ABB42F700" box="[966,1030,1634,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1437,1458]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-301@2.[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of the adult male Tomopeas ravus (CEBIOMAS [Colección de Mastozoología, Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru] 226) from Quebrada Pariñas, 9.6 km NE of Talara, district of Pariñas, province of Talara, department of Piura, Peru. Greatest length of the skull is 12.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168864/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E0170F98ABBD2F700" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[1046,1174,1634,1657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3881" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57: xvii + 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">Miller 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The protocone of the first and second upper molars is well developed. The lingual borders of the inner first and second upper molars have a noticeable concavity between the protocone and hypocone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E0030F92ABADFF7A0" box="[1366,1435,1730,1753]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1437,1458]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-301@2.[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of the adult male Tomopeas ravus (CEBIOMAS [Colección de Mastozoología, Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru] 226) from Quebrada Pariñas, 9.6 km NE of Talara, district of Pariñas, province of Talara, department of Piura, Peru. Greatest length of the skull is 12.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168864/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E00D6F92ABC39F780" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3881" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57: xvii + 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">Miller 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The upper third molar is similar to the other upper molars in buccolingual width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E0124F8EABBC5F660" box="[1090,1153,1794,1817]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1437,1458]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-301@2.[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of the adult male Tomopeas ravus (CEBIOMAS [Colección de Mastozoología, Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru] 226) from Quebrada Pariñas, 9.6 km NE of Talara, district of Pariñas, province of Talara, department of Piura, Peru. Greatest length of the skull is 12.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168864/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The metacone of the upper third molar is well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A2CFFC7F91E0130F8CABBD0F640" box="[1110,1172,1826,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[109,144,1437,1458]" captionTargetBox="[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-301@2.[115,787,200,1424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of the adult male Tomopeas ravus (CEBIOMAS [Colección de Mastozoología, Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru] 226) from Quebrada Pariñas, 9.6 km NE of Talara, district of Pariñas, province of Talara, department of Piura, Peru. Greatest length of the skull is 12.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168864/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC7F91E01C4F8CABA65F640" author="MILLER, G. S., JR." box="[1186,1313,1826,1849]" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 282" refId="ref3881" refString="MILLER, G. S., JR. 1907. The families and genera of bats. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 57: xvii + 1 - 282." type="journal article" year="1907">Miller 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC7F91D0615F8AABBACF4DC" blockId="1.[840,1523,1314,1945]" lastBlockId="2.[840,1523,1198,1669]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">
|
||
The width of the cochlea relative to the basicranium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC7F91E062EF88ABCDBF600" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[840,927,1890,1913]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC7F91E062EF88ABCDBF600" box="[840,927,1890,1913]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="71">T. ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is among the smallest in bats. The contribution of the cochlear volume to the whole bony labyrinth is 68.6%. The coiling of the cochlear canal completes two turns. The estimated height of the spiral of the cochlea is
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B4CFFC4F91D0499F94ABD27F7C0" box="[511,611,1698,1721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.07" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="1.07">1.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
. There is a large apical lacuna at the apex of the cochlear spiral. The secondary bony lamina is visible on the outer edge of the first turn. The bony channel for the vestibular aqueduct leaves the inner ear medial and anterior to the vestibular aperture of the common crus, then gently curves and opens on the surface of the petrosal near the dorsal end of the common crus. The angle between the anterior and lateral semicircular canals is 75° and between the posterior and lateral is 107°. The anterior and lateral semicircular canals deviate substantially from their planes (out-of-plane curvature) and the posterior canal is mostly planar. The anterior and lateral semicircular canals extend to the same level anteriorly.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC4F91D0619FAC7BC91F43F" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[895,981,1327,1350]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC4F91D0619FAC7BC91F43F" box="[895,981,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">T. ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has one of the smallest cochlear among molossids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC4F91D0637FAA6BB2CF41C" author="VELAZCO, P. M. & C. GROHe" box="[849,1128,1358,1381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" pagination="87 - 95" refId="ref4494" refString="VELAZCO, P. M., and C. GROHe. 2017 a. Comparative anatomy of the bony labyrinth of the bats Platalina genovensium (Phyllostomidae, Lonchophyllinae) and Tomopeas ravus (Molossidae, Tomopeatinae). Biotempo 14: 87 - 95." type="journal article" year="2017">Velazco and Grohé 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Three-dimensional surface models of the bony labyrinth of one individual are available in a public repository (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC4F91D06A2FA66BB9CF4DC" author="VELAZCO, P. M. & C. GROHe" box="[964,1240,1422,1445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" pagination="2" refId="ref4541" refString="VELAZCO, P. M., and C. GROHe. 2017 b. 3 D models related to the publication: comparative anatomy of the bony labyrinth of the bats Platalina genovensium (Phyllostomidae, Lonchophyllinae) and Tomopeas ravus (Molossidae, Tomopeatinae). MorphoMuseuM 3: e 2." type="journal article" year="2017">Velazco and Grohé 2017b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6621FFC4F91D062EFBC4BA29F505" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168862" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7168862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168862/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" startId="2.[840,875,1068,1089]" targetBox="[846,1517,201,1053]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC4F91D062EFBC4BA29F505" blockId="2.[840,1523,1068,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC4F91D062EFBC4BCE0F538" bold="true" box="[840,932,1068,1089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">Fig. 3.—</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC4F91D01D1FBC4BA13F538" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[1207,1367,1068,1089]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC4F91D01D1FBC4BA13F538" box="[1207,1367,1068,1089]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and associated Andean topography. Localities of sampled specimens obtained from collections records and literature are indicated by circles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6621FFC4F91D050BFA75BE50F73C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7168864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7168864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7168864/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" startId="2.[109,144,1437,1458]" targetBox="[115,787,200,1424]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC4F91D050BFA75BE50F73C" blockId="2.[109,792,1437,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC4F91D050BFA75BF82F4CB" bold="true" box="[109,198,1437,1458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">Fig. 2.—</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of the adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC4F91D0418FA53BD5FF4A9" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[382,539,1467,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ravus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC4F91D0418FA53BD5FF4A9" box="[382,539,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">Tomopeas ravus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CEBIOMAS [Colección de Mastozoología, Centro de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Lima, Peru] 226) from Quebrada Pariñas, 9.6 km NE of Talara, district of Pariñas, province of Talara, department of Piura, Peru. Greatest length of the skull is 12.3 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36A9FFC4F91D0615FA46BB1FF7FC" blockId="2.[840,1523,1198,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">
|
||
The tongue of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC4F91D0178FA47BBCDF4BF" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[1054,1161,1455,1478]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC4F91D0178FA47BBCDF4BF" box="[1054,1161,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">Tomopeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all other molossids present a well-defined median dorsal lobe that it is separated from the more anterior portion of the tongue by a deep groove at the base, that divides the tongue into anterior and posterior regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC4F91D0637F9C6BCA9F73C" author="GREGORIN, R." box="[849,1005,1582,1605]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" pagination="213 - 221" refId="ref3463" refString="GREGORIN, R. 2003. Comparative morphology of the tongue in free-tailed bats (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 93: 213 - 221." type="journal article" year="2003">Gregorin 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The basal papillae on the tongue of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D2AFFC4F91D00EEF9C7BAB7F73F" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1900" box="[1416,1523,1583,1606]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Tomopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EABBFFC4F91D00EEF9C7BAB7F73F" box="[1416,1523,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="72">Tomopeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are conical, whereas in all other molossids the basal papillae are rounded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B58FFC4F91D06C9F986BB0EF7FC" author="GREGORIN, R." box="[943,1098,1646,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="72" pagination="213 - 221" refId="ref3463" refString="GREGORIN, R. 2003. Comparative morphology of the tongue in free-tailed bats (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia 93: 213 - 221." type="journal article" year="2003">Gregorin 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |