151 lines
18 KiB
XML
151 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.004" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167719" approvalRequired="93" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="34" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="54" approvalRequired_for_treatments="5" checkinTime="1665261516902" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tiffney, Bruce H. & Manchester, Steven R." docDate="2022" docId="039C64310832FFD9A785904FD395F7EB" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.1.51-79.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.004" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Coryloides S.R.Manchester 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFA51C490834FFDFA45B9267D633FFDF" masterDocTitle="The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1665274218719" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tiffney, Bruce H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-08-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>79</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.004</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.004</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7167719</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C64310832FFD9A785904FD395F7EB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C64310832FFD9A785904FD395F7EB" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[990,1334,552,576]" box="[990,1334,552,576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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<heading box="[990,1334,552,576]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[990,1334,552,576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S.R.Manchester" authorityYear="1994" box="[1069,1186,552,576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Coryloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1069,1186,552,576]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Coryloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1193,1334,552,576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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<collectingRegion box="[1193,1334,552,576]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">MANCHESTER</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1089,1235,584,608]" box="[1089,1235,584,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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<figureCitation box="[1089,1235,584,608]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1842,1863]" captionTargetBox="[132,1440,157,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[90,1483,-63,2303]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r:" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167723/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Text-fig. 2o–r</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,632,688]" box="[881,1482,632,656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">M a t e r i a l. One specimen, chalcedony cast. USNM</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,632,688]" box="[843,984,664,688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">PAL 772345.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,711,1088]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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D e s c r i p t i o n. Distorted sphere,
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<quantity box="[1313,1404,711,735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
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high,
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<quantity box="[843,934,743,767]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="18.9">18.9 mm</quantity>
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on one equatorial axis,
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<quantity box="[1209,1300,743,767]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="21.7">21.7 mm</quantity>
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on the opposite axis. One end surmounted by a very clearly demarcated disk, 11 ×
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<quantity box="[959,1050,807,831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, distorted on the same axes as the larger specimen. The center of the disk is smoother than the surface of the sphere as a whole, and tapers to a conical point (
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<figureCitation box="[1021,1179,904,928]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1842,1863]" captionTargetBox="[132,1440,157,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[90,1483,-63,2303]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r:" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167723/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Text-fig. 2o–q</figureCitation>
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). There is a suggestion that the surface of the sphere laps up against the margin of the terminal disk in one or more layers, the innermost exhibiting an undulating margin (
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<figureCitation box="[1088,1218,1000,1024]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1842,1863]" captionTargetBox="[132,1440,157,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[90,1483,-63,2303]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 2. Salicaceae (a–g), Cannabaceae (h–n), cf. Betulaceae (o–r). a–g: Saxifragispermum, USNM PAL 772341. Scale bar = 5mm except as indicated. a–b: Lateral, c: apical, and d: basal views of fruit, reflected light, palladium coated; apex at top of (a, b). e: Equatorial transverse section reflected light; arrows indicate presumed seeds, scale bar = 2mm. f: Detail of locule contents extracted from (e), transmitted light, scale bar = 200 Μm. g: Interwoven trichomes or fibers from locule, transmitted light, scale bar = 5 Μm. h–j: Celtis. h, i: USNM PAL 772342, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5mm. h: Lateral view parallel with plane of dehiscence. i: Lateral view perpendicular to plane of dehiscence. j: DMNH EPI.47809, Celtis in lateral view; showing reticulate sculpture and the vertically-oriented, plane of dehiscence (arrow), scale bar = 5mm. k–m: Aphananthe. USNM PAL 772344, reflected light, palladium coated, scale bar = 5mm. k: Apical view, note triangular cross section and apical plug (arrow). l: Lateral view, apex up. m: Lateral view at 90° to (l). n: Detail of cellular pattern at surface of endocarp, scale bar = 0.5 mm. o–r:" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167723/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Text-fig. 2p</figureCitation>
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). The surface of the rest of the sphere is unevenly rumpled, and is traversed by eight faint, equidistant, longitudinal striations.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,1112,2100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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D i s c u s s i o n. We interpret this fossil as a locule cast or seed of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S.R.Manchester" authorityYear="1994" box="[958,1075,1144,1168]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Coryloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[958,1075,1144,1168]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Coryloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<collectingRegion box="[1082,1216,1144,1167]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">MANCHESTER</collectingRegion>
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, first described from the Clarno flora (
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<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." box="[981,1170,1176,1200]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref25068" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
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<collectingRegion box="[981,1107,1176,1200]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Initially we thought that this was the exterior of a poorly preserved fruit of some form. However, at least one Clarno specimen of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S.R.Manchester" authorityYear="1994" box="[1295,1412,1240,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Coryloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1295,1412,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Coryloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(pl. 7, fig.
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<quantity box="[885,939,1272,1296]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." box="[946,1132,1272,1296]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref25068" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
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<collectingRegion box="[946,1070,1272,1296]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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) exhibits a broken nut, exposing a contained locule cast or seed. Re-examination of this latter specimen reveals that the locule cast/seed exhibits a large, circular, scar with a central pointed tip. This scar is not aligned with the basal cupule scar of the fruit (
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<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref25068" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
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<collectingRegion box="[1355,1481,1401,1425]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 7, figs 7, 9, 10). It is unclear from present data if this scar and point represents the micropylar end of the seed, or more plausibly due to its complexity, the chalaza.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,1112,2100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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The unevenly distorted surface of the Wagon Bed specimen suggests that the living structure had a flexible surface with a degree of plasticity that could be easily deformed in the preservational process; if the fossil represents a seed, it could well have been deformed in preservation, much as the specimen in pl. 7, fig. 12 of
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<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." box="[1273,1478,1690,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref25068" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
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<collectingRegion box="[1273,1397,1690,1714]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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(1994)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. The surface of the Wagon Bed specimen is traversed by widely spaced, equidistant, longitudinal grooves. As with other Wagon Bed taxa, the presence of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S.R.Manchester" authorityYear="1994" box="[1267,1384,1786,1810]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Coryloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1267,1384,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Coryloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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suggests a geographic link with the Clarno flora.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,1112,2100]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">
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Although the external surface of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S.R.Manchester" authorityYear="1994" box="[1302,1417,1851,1875]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Coryloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1302,1417,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Coryloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nuts resembles that of extant
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1116,1199,1883,1907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1116,1199,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Corylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. in the
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<taxonomicName box="[1318,1435,1883,1907]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
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, the locule morphology as seen in the Nut Beds and Wagon Bed specimens does not match that of the extant genus; whether this reflects true relationship or a convergent morphology within the
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<taxonomicName box="[956,1071,2011,2035]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Manchester, S. R." box="[1085,1270,2011,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref25068" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
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<collectingRegion box="[1085,1209,2011,2035]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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) is unclear.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1399,1482,2011,2035]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1399,1482,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="57">Corylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently represented by about 18 species of deciduous trees and shrubs of the Northern Hemisphere (Mabberly 2008).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |