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<document ID-DOI="10.1645/22-36" ID-ISSN="1937-2345" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753943" approvalRequired="4" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="4" checkinTime="1679078562045" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bullard, Matthew R. Womble and Stephen A." docDate="2022" docId="039987AB2160FFE216E44EC6A9C795B0" docLanguage="en" docName="JourParasitol.108.4.74-394.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Parasitology 108 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/22-36" docStyle="DocumentStyle:378338F1068CC775F20F95F13175CB49.1:JourParasitol.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="378338F1068CC775F20F95F13175CB49" docStyleName="JourParasitol.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Leuceruthrus stephanocauda Bullard 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="383" masterDocId="FFA0FFD32169FFE8152D4E11AB29913A" masterDocTitle="Azygiid Parasites Of North American Endemic Pleurocerids And Centrarchids: Revision Of Leuceruthrus Marshall And Gilbert, 1905 (Digenea: Azygiidae), Description Of Two New Species, And Phylogenetic Analysis" masterLastPageNumber="394" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="382" updateTime="1679337468500" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Azygiid Parasites Of North American Endemic Pleurocerids And Centrarchids: Revision Of Leuceruthrus Marshall And Gilbert, 1905 (Digenea: Azygiidae), Description Of Two New Species, And Phylogenetic Analysis</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bullard, Matthew R. Womble and Stephen A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Parasitology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-08-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>108</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>374</mods:start>
<mods:end>394</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/22-36</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1645/22-36</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1937-2345</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7753943</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987AB2160FFE216E44EC6A9C795B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987AB2160FFE216E44EC6A9C795B0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<subSubSection box="[969,1337,215,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="9.[969,1337,215,237]" box="[969,1337,215,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<heading box="[969,1337,215,237]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" reason="2">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="9GJ46" ID-ENA="2961551" authorityName="Bullard" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Faust" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[969,1337,215,237]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stephanocauda">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[969,1337,215,237]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[969,1120,215,237]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1163,1337,215,237]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">stephanocauda</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="9.[1057,1250,246,266]" box="[1057,1250,246,266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
(
<figureCitation box="[1061,1157,246,266]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Figs. 3 8</figureCitation>
; Table II)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[816,1489,303,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
Diagnosis of cercaria (based on light microscopy of 2 stained, whole-mounted, naturally shed cercariae with withdrawn distome) (
<figureCitation box="[827,931,362,383]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Figs. 3 8</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Cercaria
<geoCoordinate box="[1054,1108,361,383]" degrees="3,320" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" precision="55" value="3.32">3,320</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1122,1176,361,383]" degrees="3,580" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" precision="55" value="3.58">3,580</geoCoordinate>
(3,450, 2) long (
<figureCitation box="[1359,1424,361,383]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Tail stem lacking pigmentation,
<geoCoordinate box="[1137,1192,391,413]" degrees="2,600" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" precision="55" value="2.6">2,600</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1207,1262,391,413]" degrees="2,900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" precision="55" value="2.9">2,900</geoCoordinate>
(2,750, 2) long or 78 81% (80%, 2) of cercariae length, 510 660 (585, 2) wide or 4.4 5.1 (4.7, 2) X longer than wide, comprised of an anterior and posterior region (
<figureCitation box="[998,1060,480,502]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); anterior tail stem region (
<collectionCode box="[1346,1395,480,502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">ATS</collectionCode>
) oblong,
<geoCoordinate box="[818,872,510,532]" degrees="1,320" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" precision="55" value="1.32">1,320</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[886,940,510,532]" degrees="1,460" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" precision="55" value="1.46">1,460</geoCoordinate>
(1,390, 2) long or 40 41% (40%, 2) of cercariae length, maximum width same as reported for tail stem, containing distome, tapering anteriorly, devoid of mammillae, armed with 2 rows of tail stem spines (
<figureCitation box="[1093,1193,599,621]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Figs. 3 8</figureCitation>
); posterior tail stem region (
<collectionCode box="[826,871,628,650]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">PTS</collectionCode>
) dorsoventrally compressed,
<geoCoordinate box="[1176,1230,628,650]" degrees="1,280" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" precision="55" value="1.28">1,280</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[1244,1298,628,650]" degrees="1,440" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" precision="55" value="1.44">1,440</geoCoordinate>
(1,360, 2) long or 39 40% (39%, 2) of cercariae length, 360 340 (350, 2) wide, nearly uniform in width anteriorly to posteriorly, devoid of mammillae, lateral margins bearing many minute protuberances (
<figureCitation box="[826,925,747,769]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Figs. 3, 8</figureCitation>
);
<collectionCode box="[947,991,747,769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">PTS</collectionCode>
protuberances, minute, lacking pores, marginal (
<figureCitation box="[826,890,777,799]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Furcae lacking pigmentation, lanceolate, dorsoventrally compressed, margin bearing many protuberances, serrate (
<figureCitation box="[1414,1474,807,829]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); furcal protuberances minute, pored, marginal; dorsal furca 660 700 (680, 2) long or 18 21% (19%, 2) of cercariae length, 320 380 (350, 2) wide or 1.7 2.2 X (2, 2) longer than wide; ventral furca 620 720 (670, 2) long or 17 22% (20%, 2) of cercariae length, 320 340 (330, 2) wide or 1.8 2.3 X (2, 2) longer than wide (
<figureCitation box="[826,894,984,1006]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Tail cavity opening at anteromedial end of cercaria, directing anteriad (
<figureCitation box="[1044,1119,1014,1036]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); tail stem cavity not evident. Mammillae not evident. Tail stem spines maximum length 40, maximum width 35 (
<figureCitation box="[1041,1105,1074,1096]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), restricted to the anterior tail stem region, distributed in 2 concentric rows, anterior row encircling area near tail cavity opening (
<figureCitation box="[1126,1223,1133,1155]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
), posterior row encircling area near synthesis of posterior tail stem (
<figureCitation box="[1264,1366,1162,1184]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Figs. 3, 7</figureCitation>
). Excretory system with 1 primary excretory canal, extending posteriad along the medial axis of the posterior tail stem, bifurcating at the synthesis of the furcae, extending independently through each furca, opening via excretory pore at the distal end of each furca (
<figureCitation box="[826,889,1311,1333]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[816,1489,303,1956]" lastBlockId="10.[144,814,202,1162]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
Body of distome (
<figureCitation box="[1023,1082,1341,1363]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
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(1,500, 2) long or 37 50% (43%, 2) of cercaria length, 470 580 (525, 2) wide or 2.6 3 (2.8, 2) X longer than wider, anterior margin 30 40 (35, 2) from tail cavity opening; forebody 630 900 (765, 2) long or 51 52% (51, 2) of overall body length; hindbody 350 600 (475, 2) long or 29 34% (31%, 2) of overall body length, 56 67% (61%, 2) of forebody length; tegument unarmed. Excretory system not evident. Nervous system not evident. Oral sucker 360 370 (365, 2) long or 21 30% (25%, 2) of body length, 340 370 (355, 2) wide or 64 72% (68%, 2) of body width, 60 30 (45, 2) or 2 3% (3%, 2) of body length from anterior body end, 850 1,360 (1,105, 2) or 70 76% (73%, 2) of body length from posterior body end (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Ventral sucker in posterior half of body, with anterior margin 630 900 (765, 2) or 51 52% (51%, 2) of body length from anterior body end (
<figureCitation box="[1031,1097,1756,1778]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), 290 300 (295, 2) long or 24 25% (24%, 2) of body length, 290 300 (295, 2) wide or 50 64% (57%, 2) of body width, 78 83% (81%, 2) of oral sucker length, 78 88% (83%, 2) of oral sucker width (
<figureCitation box="[1148,1212,1845,1867]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Pharynx ovoid, 100 140 (120, 2) long or 6 11% (9%, 2) of body length, 110 135 (123, 2) wide (
<figureCitation box="[881,944,1904,1926]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Esophagus extending posteriad from mouth before bifurcating posterior to pharynx, esophageal branches arching posterolaterad before joining with intestinal ceca (
<figureCitation box="[660,722,202,224]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); dextral cecum
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(1,284, 2) or 82 85% (84%, 2) of body length, laterad cecum length 150 163 (157, 2), descending cecum length 900 1,355 (1,128, 2), prececal space 375 550 (463, 2) or 29 31% (30%, 2) of body length from anterior end of body, postcecal space 20 50 (35, 2) or 2% (2%, 2) of body length from posterior end of body; sinistral cecum
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(1,310, 2) or 78 91% (85%, 2) of body length, laterad cecum length 150 (150, 2), descending cecum length 850–1,470 (1,160, 2), prececal space 375 510 (443, 2) or 29 30% (29%, 2) of body length from anterior end of body, postcecal space 25 50 (38, 2) or 2 3% (2%, 2) of body length from posterior end of body. Testes abreast, round to oval (
<figureCitation box="[298,359,554,576]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); dextral testis 50 (50, 2) long or 2 4% (3%, 2) of body length, 65 90 (78, 2) wide or 1.3 1.8 (1.6, 2) X wider than long; sinistral testis 60 (60, 2) long or 3 5% (4%, 2) of body length, 60 75 (68, 2) wide or 1 1.3 (1.1, 2) X wider than long; pretesticular space 810 1,180 (995, 2) from anterior end of body or 63 66% (65%, 2) of total body length; posttesticular space 300 540 (420, 2) from posterior end of body or 23 30% (27%, 2) of total body length. Vasa efferentia not evident. Prostatic sac 55 75 (65, 2) long, 90 110 (100, 2) wide or 1.5 1.6 (1.5, 2) X wider than long (
<figureCitation box="[258,321,818,840]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Genital atrium circular in ventral view, 25 30 (28, 2) in diameter. Genital pore 650 840 (745, 2) of body length from anterior end of body or at 47 50% (49%, 2) of body length. Fine features of terminal male genitalia (i.e., seminal vesicle, pars prostatica, ejaculatory duct, sinus organ) not evident.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" startId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" targetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[117,787,1777,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[141,249,1777,1796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Figures 3–8.</emphasis>
Naturally shed cercaria of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bullard" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Faust" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[509,786,1777,1797]" class="Trematoda" family="Azygiidae" genus="Leuceruthrus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="stephanocauda">
<emphasis box="[509,625,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Leuceruthrus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis box="[657,786,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">stephanocauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName box="[169,273,1801,1820]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pleuroceridae" genus="Elimia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="382" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[169,227,1801,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">Elimia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[603,614,1801,1820]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">3</emphasis>
) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[684,695,1897,1916]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">4</emphasis>
) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[769,780,1921,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">5</emphasis>
) Tail stem spine. (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[292,303,1945,1964]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">6</emphasis>
) Tail stem spine. (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[496,507,1945,1964]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">7</emphasis>
) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (
<emphasis bold="true" box="[584,595,1969,1988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="382">8</emphasis>
) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[144,814,202,1162]" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">
Ovary 140 210 (175, 2) of body length from posterior end of body, 65 70 (68, 2) long or 1.2 1.3 (1.2, 2) X longer than wide, 55 (55, 2) wide (
<figureCitation box="[288,353,1023,1045]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Fine features of terminal female genitalia (i.e., oviduct, Laurer’s canal, ovovitelline duct, oötype, and Mehlis’ gland) not evident. Uterus 430 655 (543, 2) long or 34 37% (35%, 2) of body length, 13 20 (17, 2) wide. Metraterm not evident. Vitellarium not developed in distome (
<figureCitation box="[675,738,1140,1162]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="9.[141,206,1777,1796]" captionTargetBox="[137,768,202,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-620@9.[136,768,202,1750]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 3–8. Naturally shed cercaria of Leuceruthrus cf. stephanocauda from Elimia spp. from Big Canoe Creek, Alabama. (3) Cercaria (USNM 1593584) showing tail cavity opening (tco), position of tail stem spines (s), anterior (ats) and posterior tail stem (pts) regions, location of the distome, showing pharynx (p), ceca (c), prostatic sac (ps), ventral sucker (vs), testes (t), ovary (o),, and paired lanceolate furcae (f). Dorsal view. (4) Anterior tail stem region showing anterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (5) Tail stem spine. (6) Tail stem spine. (7) Anterior tail stem showing posterior row of tail stem spines (arrowheads). (8) Posterior tail stem showing marginal placement of associated protuberances (p)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7753947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7753947/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="383">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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