265 lines
38 KiB
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265 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7431242" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1670915127192" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Costa, Lívia F., Wetzel, Carlos E., Maquardt, Gisele C., Zanon, Jaques E., Ector, Luc & Bicudo, Denise C." docDate="2022" docId="0399343DFF95FFC876ACBA54FA3BFB0A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.575.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 575 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Achnanthidium paulistanum L. F. Costa & D. Bicudo 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="204" masterDocId="FFA04C45FF85FFD97624BD1DFF97FFF6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and ecology of Achnanthidium (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthidiaceae) from southeastern Brazil with the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="223" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="203" updateTime="1670916171002" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and ecology of Achnanthidium (Bacillariophyta, Achnanthidiaceae) from southeastern Brazil with the description of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Costa, Lívia F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA), Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & livia. fcosta @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7148 - 9964</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">livia.fcosta@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. & carlos. wetzel @ list. lu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5330 - 0494</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">carlos.wetzel@list.lu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Maquardt, Gisele C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2721-1487</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA), Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Universidade Guarulhos, Centro de Pós-Graduação, Pesquisa e Extensão CEPPE, Praça Tereza Cristina 88, 07023070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. & giselecmarquardt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2721 - 1487</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">giselecmarquardt@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zanon, Jaques E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA), Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & jaques. zanon @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9619 - 4393</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jaques.zanon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ector, Luc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4573-9445</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4573 - 9445</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bicudo, Denise C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4248-3261</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA), Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & denisecbicudo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4248 - 3261</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">denisecbicudo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-12-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>575</mods:number>
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.575.3.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7431242</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0399343DFF95FFC876ACBA54FA3BFB0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0399343DFF95FFC876ACBA54FA3BFB0A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">
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<subSubSection box="[136,998,1865,1892]" pageId="16" pageNumber="203" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[136,998,1865,1892]" box="[136,998,1865,1892]" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">
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<heading box="[136,998,1865,1892]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="203" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="L.F.Costa & D.Bicudo" authorityName="L. F. Costa & D. Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,729,1865,1892]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="16" pageNumber="203" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="paulistanum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,470,1865,1892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">Achnanthidium paulistanum</emphasis>
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L.F.Costa & D.Bicudo
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis box="[736,821,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[736,821,1866,1891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="203" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[835,990,1865,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">Figs 117–143</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="16" pageNumber="203" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="16.[136,1452,1937,2072]" lastBlockId="17.[136,1452,158,1277]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="204" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,312,1937,1963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">Description:—</emphasis>
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LM: Valves narrowly linear-lanceolate, with subrostrate to rostrate apices (
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<figureCitation box="[1171,1331,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">Figs 117–134</figureCitation>
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); 8.4–15.0 µm long, 2.1–2.6 µm wide. Raphe valve: axial area narrow and linear; central area small rounded, almost absent, with 1–2 shortened striae on both sides of the valve, and never forming a fascia (
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<figureCitation box="[1004,1164,2009,2035]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="203">Figs 117–126</figureCitation>
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). Raphe filiform straight. Transapical striae slightly radiate throughout the entire valve, becoming denser and more strongly radiate towards the apices,
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<quantity box="[262,362,158,184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.747" metricValueMax="7.874" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" unit="in" value="30.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="30.0">30–31 in</quantity>
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10 µm (
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<figureCitation box="[457,616,158,184]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 117–126</figureCitation>
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). Rapheless valve: axial area narrow and linear, slightly widening towards the central area; central area very small rounded or absent, with 1–2 shortened striae on both sides of the valve (
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 127–134</figureCitation>
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). Transapical striae slightly radiate throughout the entire valve, becoming denser towards the apices,
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<quantity box="[1354,1452,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.874" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" unit="in" value="31.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="30.0">30–32 in</quantity>
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10 µm (
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<figureCitation box="[224,383,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 127–134</figureCitation>
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). Girdle view rectangularly arched, with apices recurved to the rapheless valve (
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<figureCitation box="[1280,1439,264,291]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 135–137</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="17.[136,1452,158,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
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SEM: Raphe terminating right after the last stria (
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<figureCitation box="[736,895,299,325]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 138–140</figureCitation>
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). Central raphe fissures close, straight and slightly expanded (
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<figureCitation box="[260,422,334,360]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 138–140</figureCitation>
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). Terminal raphe fissures short, deflected (
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<figureCitation box="[910,1072,334,360]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 138–140</figureCitation>
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). Striae mainly composed of 3–5 rounded to elongated areolae, sometimes slit-like near the valve margin (
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<figureCitation box="[955,1115,369,396]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 138–143</figureCitation>
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). Mantle with one row of slitlike areolae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[281,439,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Figs 139, 140</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="204" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[136,1452,158,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,286,440,466]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Type:—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1990-03-20" collectorName="Sao Pedro, SP & A. A. J. Castro & C. E. M. Bicudo" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo state" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[285,390,440,466]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[402,582,440,466]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">São Paulo state</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName box="[594,758,440,466]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">São Pedro, SP</collectorName>
|
||
–304, km 127, periphyton from a small lake,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<collectorName box="[1278,1421,440,466]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">A.A.J.Castro</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName box="[136,298,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">C.E.M.Bicudo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[309,503,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" value="1990-03-20">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[309,503,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" value="1990-03-20">20th March 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus box="[517,617,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
SP-255724! =
|
||
<figureCitation box="[788,882,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 117–143" captionStartId="16.[136,243,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[232,1355,187,1588]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[221,1366,187,1589]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 117–143. LM and SEM images of Achnanthidium paulistanum sp. nov. from the type (SP-255724) from a small lake, São Pedro city, São Paulo state. Figure 118 corresponds to the holotype. 117–126. LM views of raphe valves. 127–134. LM views of rapheless valves. 135–137. Girdle views of the new taxon. 138–140. SEM external view of raphe valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas, the terminal raphe fissures deflected and the row of slit-like areolae on mantle. 141. SEM internal view of the raphe and rapheless valves. 142, 143. SEM external view of the rapheless valves showing striation pattern, axial and central areas. LM scale bar = 10 μm. SEM scale bars indicated in each figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7431262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7431262/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
|
||
, isotype: BR-4617)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="204" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[136,1452,158,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,328,510,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
—The specific epithet refers to people born in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1084,1206,510,536]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(in Portuguese, the “
|
||
<emphasis box="[148,249,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">paulistas</emphasis>
|
||
”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[136,1452,158,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,486,580,607]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Taxonomical remarks:—</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,893,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[486,802,581,607]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="paulistanum" status="sp. nov.">Achnanthidium paulistanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[808,893,581,606]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is characterized by a linear or narrowly lanceolate valve shape, with subrostrate apices. In contrast,
|
||
<emphasis box="[678,920,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[678,831,616,642]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliense" status="sp. nov.">A. brasiliense</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[836,920,617,642]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has linear-lanceolate valves and rostrate apices. Notably, the slightly deflected terminal raphe fissures are always present in
|
||
<emphasis box="[995,1260,651,677]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[995,1165,651,677]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="paulistanum" status="sp. nov.">A. paulistanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1174,1260,652,677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
valves, a feature that was not observed in
|
||
<emphasis box="[417,664,686,713]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[417,571,686,713]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliense" status="sp. nov.">A. brasiliense</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[579,664,687,712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens. The central area never forms a fascia and is almost absent in the new species. In this way, the main characters differing in both species are the terminal raphe fissures and the central area shape of the raphid valve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[136,1452,158,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
The deflected terminal raphe fissures differentiate the species from others, including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityYear="2014" box="[1155,1326,792,818]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1155,1326,792,818]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">A. indistinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens with valve outline very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[513,682,827,853]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="paulistanum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[513,682,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">A. paulistanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[689,775,828,854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis box="[689,768,828,853]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
It also can be distinguished by the girdle view: the Brazilian species has apices recurved to the rapheless valve and mantle striae almost indiscernible in LM, whereas the Antarctic one presents girdle view with apices straight and mantle striae thickened in LM. In valve view,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityYear="2014" box="[1234,1405,897,924]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="indistinctum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1234,1405,897,924]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">A. indistinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has slightly higher stria density and slightly narrower valves (1.8–2.2 µm wide, 30–35 striae in 10 µm,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K." pageId="17" pageNumber="204" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25160" refString="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K. (2014) Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region. European Journal of Taxonomy 79: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.79" type="journal article" year="2014">Van de Vijver & Kopalová 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityYear="2014" box="[372,800,968,994]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="maritimo-antarcticum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,800,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Achnanthidium maritimo-antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another Antarctic species, differs by having parallel to slightly convex margins, appearing sometimes undulated, and clearly protracted apices, whereas
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[1240,1410,1003,1029]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="paulistanum" status="sp. nov.">A. paulistanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has convex to slightly convex margins and apices not clearly differentiate from the main body. In ultrastructure,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Van de Vijver & Kopalova" authorityYear="2014" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="maritimo-antarcticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">A. maritimo-antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses terminal raphe fissures straight to weakly curved (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K." box="[1064,1432,1073,1100]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25160" refString="Van de Vijver, B. & Kopalova, K. (2014) Four Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyta) formerly identified as Achnanthidium minutissimum from the Antarctic Region. European Journal of Taxonomy 79: 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.79" type="journal article" year="2014">Van de Vijver & Kopalová 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[136,1452,158,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
Due to its linear shape,
|
||
<emphasis box="[451,802,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[451,711,1109,1135]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="acutum" status="sp. nov.">Achnanthidium acutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[718,802,1109,1134]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is morphologically close to this taxon, but
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[1282,1451,1109,1135]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="paulistanum" status="sp. nov.">A. paulistanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[136,221,1145,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be narrowly lanceolate. These species also differ with respect to the apices, which are acutely rounded in the first and subrostrate in the latter. Nevertheless, the slightly deflected terminal raphe fissures and the higher stria density in
|
||
<emphasis box="[253,514,1214,1241]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo, 2022" authorityName="Costa & Wetzel & Maquardt & Zanon & Ector & Bicudo" authorityYear="2022" box="[253,422,1214,1241]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Achnanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="paulistanum" status="sp. nov.">A. paulistanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[429,514,1215,1240]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be used to separate both taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[189,1452,1250,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[136,1452,158,1277]" box="[189,1452,1250,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,699,1250,1276]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">Distribution and ecological information:—</emphasis>
|
||
The taxon was rare and occurred only in the epiphytic
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1310,1358,1251,1277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="204">type</typeStatus>
|
||
sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |