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<mods:title>Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, Charles H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>and C. Riley Nelson &amp; Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, U. S. A. E-mail: charles-nelson @ utc. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, C. Riley</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, U. S. A. E-mail: rileynelson @ byu. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Illiesia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName authority="(Frison, 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Frison" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[309,678,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knowltoni">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[309,509,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diura knowltoni</emphasis>
(
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<paragraph blockId="17.[194,792,293,418]" box="[385,601,293,317]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nearctic Springfly</paragraph>
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http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: 
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<figureCitation box="[389,520,393,418]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionStartId-1="19.[189,241,1093,1117]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetBox-1="[286,1343,247,1045]" captionTargetId-0="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetId-1="figure-346@19.[286,1344,247,1045]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figs. 70–73. Diura knowltoni adult (Alberta, Canada). 70. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 71. Male terminalia, dorsal. 72. Male paraprocts lateral. 73. Female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761176" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4761176/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 61–73</figureCitation>
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<emphasis box="[227,493,468,489]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dictyopterygella knowltoni</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[227,286,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diura</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Illies, J." box="[227,541,565,587]" page="383" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1966">
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<emphasis box="[227,389,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diura knowltoni</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Zwick, P." box="[227,558,597,619]" page="228" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1973">
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<emphasis box="[227,389,597,619]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diura knowltoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Zwick, P." box="[395,558,597,619]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 465" refId="ref16002" refString="Zwick, P. 1973. Insecta: Plecoptera. Phylogenetisches System und Katalog. Das Tierreich 94: I - XXXII, 1 - 465, 75 figures. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York." type="book chapter" year="1973">Zwick 1973:228</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName authority="DeWalt et al. 2018" authorityName="DeWalt" authorityYear="2018" box="[227,586,630,652]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knowltoni">
<emphasis box="[227,389,630,651]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diura knowltoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="DeWalt, R. E. &amp; D. Maehr &amp; U. Neu-Becker &amp; G. Stueber" box="[395,586,630,652]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref13074" refString="DeWalt, R. E., M D. Maehr, U. Neu-Becker, &amp; G. Stueber. 2018. Plecoptera Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. 5 February 2018. http: // Plecoptera. SpeciesFile. org." type="url" year="2018">DeWalt et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,437,702,726]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Specimens of 
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<emphasis box="[643,797,703,727]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. knowltoni</emphasis>
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examined for this study conform with previous descriptions and illustrations of this species (
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, 
<bibRefCitation author="Frison, T. H." box="[256,312,811,835]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="235 - 355" refId="ref13183" refString="Frison, T. H. 1942. Studies of North American Plecoptera with special reference to the fauna of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 22: 235 - 355." type="journal article" year="1942">1942</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Jewett, S. G." box="[322,459,811,835]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref13814" refString="Jewett, S. G. 1959. The Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Pacific Northwest. Oregon State Monographs, Studies in Entomology, 3: 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1959">Jewett 1959</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Gaufin, A. R. &amp; A. V. Nebeker &amp; J. Sessions" box="[469,676,811,835]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref13219" refString="Gaufin, A. R., A. V. Nebeker, &amp; J. Sessions. 1966. The Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Utah. University of Utah Biological Series, XIV: 1 - 89." type="book chapter" year="1966">Gaufin et al. 1966</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Gaufin, A. R. &amp; W. E. Ricker &amp; M. Miner &amp; P. Milam &amp; R. A. Hayes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref13259" refString="Gaufin, A. R., W. E. Ricker, M. Miner, P. Milam, &amp; R. A. Hayes. 1972. The Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Montana. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 98: 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1972">Gaufin et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Baumann, R. W. &amp; A. R. Gaufin &amp; R. F. Surdick" box="[298,549,847,871]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref12706" refString="Baumann, R. W., A. R. Gaufin, &amp; R. F. Surdick. 1977. The Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Rocky" type="book" year="1977">Baumann et al. 1977</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Stark, B. P. &amp; S. W. Szczytko" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref15090" refString="Stark, B. P. &amp; S. W. Szczytko. 1984. Egg morphology and classification of Perlodinae (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Annales de Limnologie, 20: 99 - 103." type="journal article" year="1984">Stark and Szczytko 1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Stark, B. P. &amp; S. W. Szczytko &amp; B. C. Kondratieff" box="[258,452,883,907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="91 - 96" refId="ref15174" refString="Stark, B. P., S. W. Szczytko, &amp; B. C. Kondratieff. 1988. The Cultus decisus complex of Eastern North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 90: 91 - 96." type="journal article" year="1988">Stark et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart, K. W. &amp; M. W. Oswood" box="[465,783,883,907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref15264" refString="Stewart, K. W. &amp; M. W. Oswood. 2006. The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Alaska and Western Canada. The Caddis Press. Columbus, OH. vi + 325 pp." type="book" year="2006">Stewart and Oswood 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
: 
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,281,918,942]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry box="[189,281,918,942]" name="Canada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Canada</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis box="[297,377,919,943]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion box="[297,377,919,943]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Alberta</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Oldham River, Highway 22 north of Lundbreck, Baumann &amp; Liu, 
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, 
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(
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[733,798,954,978]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry box="[733,792,954,978]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
;
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<emphasis box="[189,292,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion box="[189,285,991,1015]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colorado</collectingRegion>
;
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Mineral County, Pass Creek, 46° F, elev. 
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, Ross &amp; Ross, 
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[
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laboratory photo voucher D33]. Summit Co., Blue River, S. of Breckenridge, B.C. Kondratieff, 
<date pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1990-06-05">5 June 1990</date>
, 
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, 
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, 
<specimenCount box="[423,519,1135,1159]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
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Larimer Co., Fall River Pass, near Estes Park, C.P. Alexander, 
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, 
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(
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111692337" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis box="[505,611,1207,1230]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion box="[505,604,1207,1230]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Montana</collectingRegion>
;
</emphasis>
Ponderosa Co., South Fork of Sun River, Lewis and Clark National Forest, R. M. Duffield, 
<date box="[477,630,1278,1303]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2000-07-15">15 July 2000</date>
, 
<specimenCount box="[645,679,1278,1303]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[699,786,1279,1303]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CHNC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111692325" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis box="[189,244,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion box="[189,244,1315,1339]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Utah</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
; Cache Co., Logan Canyon, R. E. Nye, 
<date pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1938-04-23">23 April 1938</date>
, 
<specimenCount box="[260,294,1350,1375]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[313,400,1351,1375]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CHNC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111692369" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Emery Co., Huntington Creek, Stewart Stn, 
<date box="[355,509,1386,1410]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1975-06-06">6 June 1975</date>
, 
<specimenCount box="[529,563,1386,1410]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[585,619,1386,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[642,702,1387,1411]" country="USA" name="Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="University or college">BYU</collectionCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111692361" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
[
<collectionCode box="[738,797,1387,1411]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CRN</collectionCode>
laboratory photo voucher D34]
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111692332" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis box="[593,699,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingRegion box="[593,699,1423,1446]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
; Grand Teton National Park, Pilgrim Creek at junction US Highway 89&amp; 
<quantity box="[359,493,1495,1519]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.620426624" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mi" value="287.1">287, 1 mile</quantity>
S Colter Bay 6800’, J.W. Richardson &amp; S.L. Jensen, 
<specimenCount box="[531,565,1530,1555]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount box="[587,620,1530,1555]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode box="[643,703,1531,1555]" country="USA" name="Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="University or college">BYU</collectionCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111692329" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
[
<collectionCode box="[738,797,1531,1555]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">CRN</collectionCode>
laboratory photo voucher D35].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="17.[189,798,702,1878]" lastBlockId="17.[835,1444,257,1864]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,364,1602,1626]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Adult habitus.</emphasis>
General color dark brown to black in life (
<bibRefCitation author="Stark, B. P. &amp; S. W. Szczytko &amp; C. R. Nelson" box="[251,471,1638,1663]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref15219" refString="Stark, B. P., S. W. Szczytko, &amp; C. R. Nelson. 1998. American Stoneflies: A Photographic Guide to the Plecoptera. The Caddis Press, Columbus, OH. iv + 126 pp." type="book" year="1998">Stark et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Markings on head and pronotum similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hanson" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[470,686,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoniana">
<emphasis box="[470,686,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. washingtoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except that the sub-triangular yellow interocellular spot is broadly continuous with the longitudinal, yellow median band of the vertex and occiput (
<figureCitation box="[302,404,1818,1843]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 61</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[426,456,1819,1843]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="19.[189,241,1093,1117]" captionTargetBox="[286,1343,247,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-346@19.[286,1344,247,1045]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs. 70–73. Diura knowltoni adult (Alberta, Canada). 70. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 71. Male terminalia, dorsal. 72. Male paraprocts lateral. 73. Female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761176/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">70</figureCitation>
). Meso- and metaeusterna yellow with lateral areas dark brown (
<figureCitation box="[694,785,1854,1878]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
). Mesothoracic sternum with an incomplete sternacostal suture separating the basisternum from the furcasternum (
<figureCitation box="[1052,1134,329,353]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[835,1444,257,1864]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,904,365,389]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Male.</emphasis>
Body length longer than 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rauser" authorityYear="1968" box="[1201,1319,365,388]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanseni">
<emphasis box="[1201,1319,365,388]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. nanseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hanson" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[835,1044,401,425]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoniana">
<emphasis box="[835,856,402,425]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[873,1044,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">washingtoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1112,1253,401,425]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis box="[1112,1253,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Macropterous, forewing length similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hanson" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1150,1356,437,461]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoniana">
<emphasis box="[1150,1356,437,461]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. washingtoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rauser" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanseni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. nanseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Tergum 8 (
<figureCitation box="[1063,1142,473,497]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
) exhibits a broad chaliceshaped light-colored area; setose, lacking short, stout sensilla basiconica. Tergum 9 (
<figureCitation box="[1265,1345,545,569]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
) similar to that of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hanson" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[973,1188,581,605]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoniana">
<emphasis box="[973,1188,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. washingtoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it is nearly divided by a longitudinal, lightly sclerotized median band that extends from the posterior margin to near the anterior margin; setose and on each side of the mesal band exhibits a semicircular area of short, stout sensilla basiconica; immediately laterad of each sensilla basiconica patch there is a broad light-colored band. Tergum 10 pattern of sclerotization similar to 
<taxonomicName box="[1131,1271,869,893]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis box="[1131,1152,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[1168,1271,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– the median pale, longitudinal, lightly sclerotized strip is interrupted mesally by a darkly sclerotized band connecting the adjacent darkly sclerotized tergal halves; setose with a single, mesal patch of a few short, stout sensilla basiconica. Epiproct also absent. Each paraproct caudal projection in dorsal and ventral views with its outer surface exhibiting a bluntly pointed protuberance (
<figureCitation box="[1206,1387,1156,1180]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 63, 65, 66</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1400,1429,1157,1181]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="19.[189,241,1093,1117]" captionTargetBox="[286,1343,247,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-346@19.[286,1344,247,1045]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs. 70–73. Diura knowltoni adult (Alberta, Canada). 70. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 71. Male terminalia, dorsal. 72. Male paraprocts lateral. 73. Female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761176/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">71</figureCitation>
); setal lengths generally less than those of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hanson" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoniana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. washingtoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rauser" authorityYear="1968" box="[1067,1186,1229,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanseni">
D. 
<emphasis box="[1102,1186,1229,1252]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">nanseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in lateral view (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 64, 65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[930,958,1264,1288]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="19.[189,241,1093,1117]" captionTargetBox="[286,1343,247,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-346@19.[286,1344,247,1045]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs. 70–73. Diura knowltoni adult (Alberta, Canada). 70. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 71. Male terminalia, dorsal. 72. Male paraprocts lateral. 73. Female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761176/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">72</figureCitation>
) the caudal projection of each side is somewhat sub-triangular and tapers to a bluntly pointed apical margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[835,1444,257,1864]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,929,1372,1396]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Female.</emphasis>
Body length longer than 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rauser" authorityYear="1968" box="[1229,1348,1372,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanseni">
<emphasis box="[1229,1348,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. nanseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hanson" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[863,1067,1408,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoniana">
<emphasis box="[863,1067,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. washingtoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[1123,1259,1408,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis box="[1123,1259,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Macropterous, forewing length similar to preceding species. Sternum 9 bearing two oblique brown bands (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate similar to preceding species by exhibiting variable shapes (
<figureCitation box="[1154,1282,1552,1576]" captionStart-0="Figs" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" captionStartId-1="19.[189,241,1093,1117]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1347,255,1583]" captionTargetBox-1="[286,1343,247,1045]" captionTargetId-0="figure-131@18.[249,1383,247,1590]" captionTargetId-1="figure-346@19.[286,1344,247,1045]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Figs. 61-69. Diura knowltoni, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figs. 70–73. Diura knowltoni adult (Alberta, Canada). 70. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 71. Male terminalia, dorsal. 72. Male paraprocts lateral. 73. Female terminalia, ventral." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761176" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4761176/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 68. 73</figureCitation>
), ca. 3.8 – 4.6x wider than long. Vagina and spermatheca membranous; spermatheca (
<figureCitation box="[1166,1260,1624,1648]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="11.[189,241,1529,1553]" captionTargetBox="[286,1344,283,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-190@11.[286,1344,283,1483]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs. 40–45. Diura nanseni, adult. 40–43 (Russian Far East, Russia). 40. Head and pronotum, dorsal, 41. Male terminalia, dorsal. 42. Male paraprocts, lateral. 43. Female terminalia, ventral. 44-45 (Lule, Lappmark, Sweden). 44. Male terminalia, dorsal. 45. Male paraprocts, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761166/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 45 s</figureCitation>
), similar to that of 
<taxonomicName box="[866,1004,1660,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicaudata">
<emphasis box="[866,1004,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. bicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ovoid or egg-shaped, nearly as long as wide (1.3x longer than wide); spermathecal duct (sd) 0.5x length of vagina (v); spermatheca and duct bearing accessory glands (ag).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[835,1444,257,1864]" lastBlockId="19.[189,798,1237,1729]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,910,1804,1828]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Larva.</emphasis>
Originally described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Frison, T. H." box="[1210,1367,1804,1828]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="235 - 355" refId="ref13183" refString="Frison, T. H. 1942. Studies of North American Plecoptera with special reference to the fauna of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 22: 235 - 355." type="journal article" year="1942">Frison (1942)</bibRefCitation>
, other information provided by 
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark" box="[1134,1415,1840,1864]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="373 - 415" refId="ref15303" refString="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark. 1984. Nymphs of North American Perlodinae Genera (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). The Great Basin Naturalist, 44: 373 - 415." type="journal article" year="1984">Stewart and Stark (1984</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark" box="[189,245,1237,1261]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15341" refString="Stewart, K. W. and B. P. Stark. 2002. Nymphs of North American Stonefly Genera (Plecoptera), Second Edition. The Caddis Press. Columbus, OH. xii + 510 p." type="book" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart, K. W. &amp; B. P. Stark" box="[267,322,1237,1261]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="311 - 384" refId="ref15382" refString="Stewart, K. W. and B. P. Stark. 2008. Plecoptera, pp. 311 - 384. In R. W. Merritt, K. W. Cummins &amp; M. B. Berg (eds.), An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America, 4 th Edition." type="book chapter" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation author="Stark, B. P. &amp; S. W. Szczytko &amp; C. R. Nelson" box="[411,649,1237,1261]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15219" refString="Stark, B. P., S. W. Szczytko, &amp; C. R. Nelson. 1998. American Stoneflies: A Photographic Guide to the Plecoptera. The Caddis Press, Columbus, OH. iv + 126 pp." type="book" year="1998">Stark et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
. Similar to preceding species except that abdominal tergites have broad areas of light color giving the impression that the larva is yellow to light brown with dark brown markings, spinulae pattern of pronotal margins (
<figureCitation box="[458,562,1417,1441]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="23.[189,241,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,247,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-306@23.[249,1383,247,1301]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs. 78-81. 78 Diura bicaudata (Cumberland, England, United Kingdom). Egg collar and anchor, lateral. 79- 81. Diura knowltoni (Summit County, Colorado, USA). 79. Larval pronotal margins, dorsal. 80. Egg, dorsal. 81. Egg collar and anchors, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761180/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
) similar to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hanson" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoniana">
<emphasis box="[770,790,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[189,360,1453,1477]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">washingtoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rauser" authorityYear="1968" box="[419,542,1453,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanseni">
<emphasis box="[419,440,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[454,542,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nanseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[541,545,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4761174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761174/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[189,241,1673,1697]" targetBox="[264,1347,255,1583]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[189,1443,1673,1841]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Figs. 61-69. 
<taxonomicName box="[338,523,1673,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knowltoni">
<emphasis box="[338,523,1673,1697]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diura knowltoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult. 61. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 62. Mesothorax, ventral. 63. Male terminalia, dorsal. 64. Male terminalia, lateral. 65. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 66. Paraprocts, ventral. 67. Female terminalia, ventral. 68. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 69. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4761176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761176/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,241,1093,1117]" targetBox="[286,1343,247,1045]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[189,1444,1093,1153]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figs. 70–73. 
<taxonomicName box="[334,515,1093,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knowltoni">
<emphasis box="[334,515,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diura knowltoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult (Alberta, Canada). 70. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 71. Male terminalia, dorsal. 72. Male paraprocts lateral. 73. Female terminalia, ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="19.[189,798,1237,1729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,241,1488,1512]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Egg.</emphasis>
Initially described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Knight, A. W. &amp; A. V. Nebeker &amp; A. R. Gaufin" box="[541,793,1488,1512]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="233 - 239" refId="ref14043" refString="Knight, A. W., A. V. Nebeker, &amp; A. R. Gaufin. 1965. Further descriptions of the eggs of Plecoptera of Western United States. Entomological News, 76: 233 - 239." type="journal article" year="1965">Knight et al. (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. Collar forms a Y-shaped, triradiate ridge (
<bibRefCitation author="Stark, B. P. &amp; S. W. Szczytko" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="99 - 103" refId="ref15090" refString="Stark, B. P. &amp; S. W. Szczytko. 1984. Egg morphology and classification of Perlodinae (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Annales de Limnologie, 20: 99 - 103." type="journal article" year="1984">Stark &amp; Szczytko 1984</bibRefCitation>
). Anchor uniquely comprised of three rounded mushroom-shaped plates each located between the arms of the ridged collar (
<figureCitation box="[650,784,1633,1657]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="23.[189,241,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,247,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-306@23.[249,1383,247,1301]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs. 78-81. 78 Diura bicaudata (Cumberland, England, United Kingdom). Egg collar and anchor, lateral. 79- 81. Diura knowltoni (Summit County, Colorado, USA). 79. Larval pronotal margins, dorsal. 80. Egg, dorsal. 81. Egg collar and anchors, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761180/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 80, 81</figureCitation>
). Chorionic surface similar to preceding three species (
<figureCitation box="[197,329,1705,1729]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="23.[189,241,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,247,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-306@23.[249,1383,247,1301]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs. 78-81. 78 Diura bicaudata (Cumberland, England, United Kingdom). Egg collar and anchor, lateral. 79- 81. Diura knowltoni (Summit County, Colorado, USA). 79. Larval pronotal margins, dorsal. 80. Egg, dorsal. 81. Egg collar and anchors, lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761180/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 80, 81</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>