627 lines
71 KiB
XML
627 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="7621B6B5D773FE4ABE1564C47D8CD3C6" ID-DOI="10.1080/02724634.2021.2054718" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89e8f19b-0a3e-4c32-b90b-91c7c9d546d7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6953111" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659444679165" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Jiangzuo, Qigao & Spassov, Nikolai" docDate="2022" docId="038B87E437581242E9B0FE1B8191D700" docLanguage="en" docName="JVertebrPaleontol.42.1.e2054718.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology (e 2054718) 42 (1)" docTitle="Agriarctos nikolovi Jiangzuo & Spassov, 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFB2FF9C37591241EA00FFE18163D450" masterDocTitle="A late Turolian giant panda from Bulgaria and the early evolution and dispersal of the panda lineage" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1701691742373" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="57C0F194EA6C26ED4B4B4485E6CE7070" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2E6C9732972E541D95F001351633180C">
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<mods:title id="AB60B5F9AA1C5ACBE1987364F1D59CBE">A late Turolian giant panda from Bulgaria and the early evolution and dispersal of the panda lineage</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="35C900EB060821DE8DBB5B1952AAAC7C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D03756E9E34FBF0F41B8B48958FD4025">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F292EEBC31C07F0068E8A69E4DAF80BE">Jiangzuo, Qigao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D4E0F88123987CBC0F4F4DA11A39F889">Spassov, Nikolai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E2874FC0BB9FD7BA74BE99B6A121DE37">Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0B07FCD640B17434E641F9DEB8BAE2FB">
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<mods:date id="DCA665CBF72191739D44CC03A10EBE95">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="4D2F343F040EC2049997D92FD0D2AED9">e 2054718</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="17E8D054FD8987AD0BE2941809A0A69D">2022-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A8B4C8F63F10AAB31CA0CF8283519751" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="84B81A7C5B79C46C36A65569C2BD0093">42</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="224F06B7DD668D412467129ADB9FA2F6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5055B37ADB2FF083FFE6349EF82345BD" type="DOI">10.1080/02724634.2021.2054718</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="350AD9420B31BCB40D466031CE9DD4DC" type="GBIF-Dataset">89e8f19b-0a3e-4c32-b90b-91c7c9d546d7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038B87E437581242E9B0FE1B8191D700" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952976" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198478757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6952976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B87E437581242E9B0FE1B8191D700" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87E437581242E9B0FE1B8191D700" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C338657937581240E9B0FE1B845CD640" box="[944,1343,506,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240E9B0FE1B845CD640" blockId="1.[908,1378,400,555]" box="[944,1343,506,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E9B0FE1B858AD640" box="[944,1257,506,528]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
?
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240E9BAFE1B858AD640" authorityName="Jiangzuo & Spassov" authorityYear="2022" box="[954,1257,506,528]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi" status="sp. nov.">AGRIARCTOS NIKOLOVI</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265579B37581240EEF0FE1A845CD640" box="[1264,1343,507,528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338657937581240EE51FDF485FED67B" box="[1105,1181,533,555]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240EE51FDF485FED67B" blockId="1.[908,1378,400,555]" box="[1105,1181,533,555]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13192A7737581240EE5AFDF485F7D67B" box="[1114,1172,533,555]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[106,195,603,623]" captionTargetBox="[106,1477,160,590]" captionTargetId="figure-632@2.[144,1440,160,578]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Teeth of?Ag. nikolovi: A, NMNHS FM3546-b, upper canine in labial and lingual views; B, NMNHS FM3546-a, P4 in buccal, occlusal, and lingual views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6953117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6953117/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338657937581240E940FDAA84A4D6C6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240E940FDAA84A4D6C6" blockId="1.[808,1479,586,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E940FDAA82D3D630" bold="true" box="[832,944,587,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Etymology</emphasis>
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—Named in honor of Dr. Ivan Nikolov, who has preserved the fossil teeth in the collections of the NMNHS and for his contributions to the study of the fossil mammal fauna of Bulgaria.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338657937581240E940FD7A84A4D6B6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240E940FD7A84A4D6B6" blockId="1.[808,1479,586,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4A3CAF37581240E940FD7A84A0D6B6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3874681301" collectionCode="NMNHS" country="Bulgaria" location="Ognyanovo" municipality="Elin Pelin" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="FM3546-a, FM3546-b" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sofia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E940FD7A82C0D6E0" bold="true" box="[832,931,667,688]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="5499885037581240E940FD7A82C0D6E0" box="[832,931,667,688]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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—Upper right carnassial tooth (
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<collectionCode id="ED33AE3737581240EEEDFD7B842ED6E0" box="[1261,1357,666,688]" collectionName="NMNHS" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">NMNHS</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DB849E8937581240EF53FD7B84DCD6E0" box="[1363,1471,666,688]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">FM3546-a</specimenCode>
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) and upper right canine (
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<collectionCode id="ED33AE3737581240EE20FD5485E3D69B" box="[1056,1152,693,715]" collectionName="NMNHS" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">NMNHS</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DB849E8937581240EE86FD548590D69B" box="[1158,1267,693,715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">FM3546-b</specimenCode>
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; both numbers from the collection of the NMNHS), belonging to the same individual
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338657937581240E940FD0B82E0D74B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240E940FD0B82E0D74B" blockId="1.[808,1479,586,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E940FD0B820FD750" bold="true" box="[832,876,746,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Age</emphasis>
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—Estimated late Messinian (i.e., latest Turolian) age (MN13).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338657937581240E940FCC1840AD010" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240E940FCC1846AD7EB" blockId="1.[808,1479,586,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E940FCC182C4D766" bold="true" box="[832,935,800,822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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—Derived
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240EE1DFCC185C6D766" authorityName="Greve" authorityYear="1892" box="[1053,1189,800,822]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ailuropodini">Ailuropodini</taxonomicName>
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of large size. Canines proportionally very large. P4 with distinct parastyle, but not enlarged to metacone size. Inner lobe expanded with well-developed protocone and especially hypocone. Protocone and hypocone subdivided. Paracone and metacone under very slight angle. Buccal wall straight, without concavity in the middle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240E940FC21840AD010" blockId="1.[808,1479,586,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E940FC218559D786" bold="true" box="[832,1082,960,982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Differential Diagnosis</emphasis>
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—Differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240EEFDFC2084E4D786" box="[1277,1415,961,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Kretzoiarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240EEFDFC2084E4D786" box="[1277,1415,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Kretzoiarctos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240E928FC3A82E7D7A0" box="[808,900,987,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Miomaci" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E928FC3A82E7D7A0" box="[808,900,987,1008]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Miomaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having much stronger P4 parastyle and more complicated P4 inner lobe; differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240EE80FC148598D05B" box="[1152,1275,1013,1035]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240EE80FC148598D05B" box="[1152,1275,1013,1035]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having larger P4 inner lobe and more developed small cusps in the inner lobe; differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240E9ACFBCB8543D010" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" box="[940,1056,1066,1088]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E9ACFBCB8543D010" box="[940,1056,1066,1088]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having smaller P4 parastyle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338657937581240E940FBA4844ED37B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240E940FBA48419D11B" blockId="1.[808,1479,586,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E940FBA482D8D00B" bold="true" box="[832,955,1093,1115]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description</emphasis>
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—The canine is large and robust. A wear facet from the contact with the lower canine is seen on the base of the mesial surface of the tooth. The mesial and distal ridges are well marked: A well expressed sharp ridge is present on the distal surface of the C1. A similar, but slightly less pronounced ridge is present on the mesial surface, displaced slightly lingually. The labial surface of the tooth is the largest one. It is slightly convex. The lingual one is relatively flat. A visible rim separates the lingual surface from a third, short, flat to slightly concave postero-lingual surface, reaching distally the distal ridge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240E940FAB1844ED37B" blockId="1.[808,1479,586,1835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">The P4 is unworn, with a triangular shape. There is no distinct concavity in both antero- or posterior border of the inner lobe. The buccal wall is straight, not concave in the middle. Three large buccal cusps are present. The paracone is the dominant cusp, followed by metacone and then parastyle. The parastyle practically reaches the metacone in height, but is significantly shorter mediodistally than the metacone, which is rather elongated. The cutting edge of the three cusps is well developed. The paracone and metacone are oriented in a very slight angle. The medial faces of these three cusps are rather flat, whereas the lateral faces of parastyle and paracone are convex. The inner lobe is greatly extended to most of the medial border. There are two large cusps, representing protocone on the anterior side and hypocone on the posterior side. They are relatively mesially located on the inner lobe. The hypocone is clearly larger than the protocone. It is more distally placed (close to the paracone/metacone boundary) and presents several, weakly expressed corrugations. Both the protocone and hypocone are subdivided around their middle part.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C338657937581242EE21F8B98191D700" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581240EE21F8B985AED33E" blockId="1.[808,1478,1880,1969]" box="[1057,1229,1880,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0D5819E37581240EE21F8B985AED33E" allCaps="true" box="[1057,1229,1880,1902]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="4">COMPARISON</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9D36F237581243E940F8618058D71A" blockId="1.[808,1478,1880,1969]" lastBlockId="2.[106,776,714,842]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The P4 of?
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240E9BAF86185E1D3C6" box="[954,1154,1920,1942]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE037581240E9BAF86185E1D3C6" box="[954,1154,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Agriarctos nikolovi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265579B37581240EE89F86085BBD3C6" box="[1161,1240,1921,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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shows clear
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240EF5EF8618202D3E0" authorityName="Greve" authorityYear="1892" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ailuropodinae">Ailuropodinae</taxonomicName>
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affinity, and in particular
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D7137581240EE7AF87B8461D3E0" authorityName="Greve" authorityYear="1892" box="[1146,1282,1946,1968]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ailuropodini">Ailuropodini</taxonomicName>
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affinity. The large and ridge-like parastyle, and greatly enlarged inner lobe with multiple cusps point to an affinity to either
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E832FD0583FED6AA" authorityName="Kretzoi" authorityYear="1942" box="[562,669,740,762]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E832FD0583FED6AA" box="[562,669,740,762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Agriarctos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E8A9FD0581E5D745" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E8A9FD0581E5D745" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, or
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EAAEFD1E8045D745" baseAuthorityName="Pei" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[174,294,767,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EAAEFD1E8045D745" box="[174,294,767,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EBCAFD1E8348D745" authorityName="Pilgrim" authorityYear="1913" box="[458,555,767,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Indarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EBCAFD1E8348D745" box="[458,555,767,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Indarctos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E85DFD1E838AD745" box="[605,745,767,789]" class="Mammalia" family="Hemicyonidae" genus="Agriotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E85DFD1E838AD745" box="[605,745,767,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Agriotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its much larger and blade-like parastyle and more expanded and complex inner lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5D667A375B1243EA6AFDBA818BD6D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6953117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6953117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6953117/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[106,195,603,623]" targetBox="[106,1477,160,590]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243EA6AFDBA818BD6D7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
FIGURE 2. Teeth of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB38FDBA80CAD63F" box="[312,425,603,623]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB38FDBA80CAD63F" box="[312,425,603,623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. nikolovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EBB3FDBA80A6D63E" bold="true" box="[435,453,603,622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
|
||
, NMNHS FM3546-b, upper canine in labial and lingual views;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EE00FDBA856DD63E" bold="true" box="[1024,1038,603,622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
|
||
, NMNHS FM3546-a, P4 in buccal, occlusal, and lingual views.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243EA6AFC968329D7DC" blockId="2.[106,776,887,1136]" box="[106,586,887,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EA6AFC968329D7DC" bold="true" box="[106,586,887,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB26FC9680D6D7DC" box="[294,437,887,908]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Kretzoiarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB26FC9680D6D7DC" bold="true" box="[294,437,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kretzoiarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EBEAFC968329D7DC" box="[490,586,887,908]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Miomaci" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EBEAFC968329D7DC" bold="true" box="[490,586,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Miomaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243EA82FC7E83AFD03F" blockId="2.[106,776,887,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The tooth of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB20FC7E80C1D7E5" box="[288,418,927,949]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB20FC7E80C1D7E5" box="[288,418,927,949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. nikolovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265579B375B1243EBABFC41809FD7E5" box="[427,508,928,949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs significantly from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EA6AFC5B8197D79F" box="[106,244,954,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Kretzoiarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EA6AFC5B8197D79F" box="[106,244,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kretzoiarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: The P4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB73FC5B809DD79F" box="[371,510,954,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Kretzoiarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB73FC5B809DD79F" box="[371,510,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kretzoiarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A00349375B1243E87AFC5B83ABD780" box="[634,712,954,976]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[107,183,159,179]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of upper teeth of Ailuropodini. Measurements of K. beatrix are from Abella et al. (2011, 2012); metric data for Ag. depereti from Soblay are from Crusafont and Kurtén (1976), and others were measured by authors. Abbreviations: L, length; Max, maximum; Min, minimum; MN, Mammal Neogene zone; n, sample size; W, width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D667A375A1242EA6BFF7E83ACD4B0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="DF5D667A375A1242EA6BFF7E83ACD4B0">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The parastyle is distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB5CFC3483A6D7BA" authority="(Abella et al., 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Abella" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[348,709,980,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Kretzoiarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB5CFC348084D7BA" box="[348,487,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kretzoiarctos</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B03375B1243EBF6FC3583DFD7BA" author="Abella, J. & P. Montoya & J. Morales" box="[502,700,980,1002]" journalOrPublisher="Estudios Geologicos" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="187 - 191" part="67" refId="ref9565" refString="Abella, J., P. Montoya, and J. Morales. 2011. A new species of Agriarctos (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae, Carnivora) in the locality of Nombrevilla 2 (Zaragoza, Spain). Estudios Geologicos 67: 187 - 191." title="A new species of Agriarctos (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae, Carnivora) in the locality of Nombrevilla 2 (Zaragoza, Spain)" type="journal article" year="2011">Abella et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but it is relatively small, much smaller (shorter and lower) than that of the Bulgarian one. The inner lobe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E85CFBEB8385D04F" box="[604,742,1034,1055]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Kretzoiarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E85CFBEB8385D04F" box="[604,742,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Kretzoiarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller, with the only hypocone developed. Similar differences can be applied to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB30FBA180EFD005" box="[304,396,1088,1109]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Miomaci" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB30FBA180EFD005" box="[304,396,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Miomaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a smaller parastyle and simpler inner lobe in a similar way (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B03375B1243EBE6FBBB83DFD020" author="Bonis, L. de & J. Abella & G. Merceron & D. R. Begun" box="[486,700,1114,1136]" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="413 - 421" part="50" refId="ref9877" refString="Bonis, L. de, J. Abella, G. Merceron, and D. R. Begun. 2017. A new late Miocene ailuropodine (giant panda) from Rudabanya (Northcentral Hungary). Geobios 50: 413 - 421." title="A new late Miocene ailuropodine (giant panda) from Rudabanya (Northcentral Hungary)" type="journal article" year="2017">de Bonis et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243EA6AFB7C8372D0E2" blockId="2.[106,776,1180,1296]" box="[106,529,1180,1203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading id="D0D5819E375B1243EA6AFB7C8372D0E2" bold="true" box="[106,529,1180,1203]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EA6AFB7C8372D0E2" bold="true" box="[106,529,1180,1203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Comparison with cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB46FB7C8372D0E2" box="[326,529,1180,1202]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB46FB7C8372D0E2" bold="true" box="[326,529,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Agriarctos depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243EA82FB248286D7E5" blockId="2.[106,776,1180,1296]" lastBlockId="2.[808,1478,714,1162]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Two P4s of cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB1AFB2580BED08A" box="[282,477,1220,1242]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB1AFB2580BED08A" box="[282,477,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Agriarctos depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below Discussion point 1–3 about the taxonomic status and the scope of this taxon) are known from Soblay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B03375B1243EB4FFB1B80A4D140" author="Viret, J." box="[335,455,1274,1296]" journalOrPublisher="Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="469 - 476" part="42" refId="ref11273" refString="Viret, J. 1949. Observations complementaires sur quelques mammiferes fossiles de Soblay. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 42: 469 - 476." title="Observations complementaires sur quelques mammiferes fossiles de Soblay" type="journal article" year="1949">Viret, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Bulgarian P4 is similar to the two P4 of cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EE01FD2885E3D68F" box="[1025,1152,713,735]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EE01FD2885E3D68F" box="[1025,1152,713,735]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a similarly enlarged blade-like parastyle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13192A77375B1243EE02FD058559D6AA" box="[1026,1082,740,762]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[106,195,1804,1824]" captionTargetBox="[133,750,1387,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-663@2.[132,751,1386,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Upper dentition (PA) of?Agriarctos nikolovi in comparison with other representatives of Ailuropodini. A, cf. Ag. depereti, uncatalogued cast of MHNL AA52bis in the collection of the University of Vienna; B,?Ag. nikolovi NMNHS FM3546-a (reversed for comparison); C, Ai. yuanmouensis, YICRA YV2509.1 (reversed); D, Ai. lufengensis, IVPP V6892.12; E, A. microta, IVPP V14564; F1-3, A. melanoleuca, IOZ32756, IOZ26449, IOZ32755. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6953121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6953121/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). But the Bulgarian P4 has a parastyle nearly in line with the paracone, whereas the parastyle in the two P4s from Soblay turns slightly buccally. The paracone and metacone in Bulgarian P4 are nearly in line. The situation in cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EFA1FCD5821AD735" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EFA1FCD5821AD735" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is variable. There is no buccal concavity in the Bulgarian P4, which is present in both teeth of cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EEC9FC8B8425D7D0" box="[1225,1350,874,896]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EEC9FC8B8425D7D0" box="[1225,1350,874,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The buccal cingulum is nearly absent in the Bulgarian P4, but well developed in cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E962FC7E82BDD7E5" box="[866,990,927,949]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E962FC7E82BDD7E5" box="[866,990,927,949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243E940FC5B842DD0DA" blockId="2.[808,1478,714,1162]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The inner lobe of the Bulgarian P4 is clearly more derived than that of cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E997FC358575D7BA" box="[919,1046,980,1002]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E997FC358575D7BA" box="[919,1046,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Bulgarian P4 has a distinctly more expanded inner lobe, with clearly developed protocone and hypocone, both subdivided. In the P4 of cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EF12FBEB84F0D070" box="[1298,1427,1034,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EF12FBEB84F0D070" box="[1298,1427,1034,1056]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the inner lobe only expends around half of the tooth length, with the protocone located more posteriorly, and both protocone and hypocone are not subdivided. The Bulgarian tooth therefore is more derived than cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EE27FB9585C7D0DA" box="[1063,1188,1140,1162]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EE27FB9585C7D0DA" box="[1063,1188,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also larger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243E928FB5B853ED080" blockId="2.[808,1478,1210,1699]" box="[808,1117,1210,1232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading id="D0D5819E375B1243E928FB5B853ED080" bold="true" box="[808,1117,1210,1232]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E928FB5B853ED080" bold="true" box="[808,1117,1210,1232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E9E4FB5B853ED080" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" box="[996,1117,1210,1232]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E9E4FB5B853ED080" bold="true" box="[996,1117,1210,1232]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243E940FB0284E4D1C8" blockId="2.[808,1478,1210,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E9E1FB038530D0A8" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" box="[993,1107,1250,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E9E1FB038530D0A8" box="[993,1107,1250,1272]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known. The Bulgarian tooth is similar to the P4s of both species in having well-developed inner lobe cusps, with both protocone and hypocone subdivided. The parastyle and metacone also form a very small angle or in line in all three species, and the buccal concavity is indistinct or absent. The buccal wall of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E9F4FA8685DBD12D" box="[1012,1208,1383,1405]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E9F4FA8685DBD12D" box="[1012,1208,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Agriarctos nikolovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is straight, not concave, in which it is close to the more derived
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EE9DFA6384E2D1C8" box="[1181,1409,1410,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lufengensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EE9DFA6384E2D1C8" box="[1181,1409,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailurarctos lufengensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243E940FA7C82A1D2F2" blockId="2.[808,1478,1210,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
However, the Bulgarian tooth is different from the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E94BFA5682DCD19D" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" box="[843,959,1463,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E94BFA5682DCD19D" box="[843,959,1463,1485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several aspects. The parastyle is distinctly smaller than the metacone in length in the Bulgarian tooth, whereas in both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EE49FA0C85DFD253" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" box="[1097,1212,1517,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EE49FA0C85DFD253" box="[1097,1212,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the parastyle is close to the metacone in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13192A77375B1243EE28F9E68501D24D" box="[1064,1122,1543,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[107,196,1948,1968]" captionTargetBox="[143,1442,1434,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-598@3.[143,1442,1433,1923]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dental ratio of P4 of Ailuropodini. Abbreviations: L, length; W, width, in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6953125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6953125/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Bulgarian tooth has no cingulum, which is present in both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EEF1F9C38407D268" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" box="[1265,1380,1570,1592]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EEF1F9C38407D268" box="[1265,1380,1570,1592]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A small cusp is present between protocone and hypocone in both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E99AF9B6856ED23D" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" box="[922,1037,1623,1645]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E99AF9B6856ED23D" box="[922,1037,1623,1645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is absent in the Bulgarian tooth, though the latter trait could be variable, as is seen in the situation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E944F96C82DFD2F3" baseAuthorityName="Pei" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[836,956,1677,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E944F96C82DFD2F3" box="[836,956,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243E928F933853CD2B8" blockId="2.[808,1478,1746,1968]" box="[808,1119,1746,1768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<heading id="D0D5819E375B1243E928F933853CD2B8" bold="true" box="[808,1119,1746,1768]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E928F933853CD2B8" bold="true" box="[808,1119,1746,1768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E9E3F933853CD2B8" baseAuthorityName="Pei" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[995,1119,1746,1768]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E9E3F933853CD2B8" bold="true" box="[995,1119,1746,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1242E940F91B81B5D750" blockId="2.[808,1478,1746,1968]" lastBlockId="3.[107,777,693,848]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
The P4 of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E9BAF91B85E1D340" box="[954,1154,1786,1808]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E9BAF91B85E1D340" box="[954,1154,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Agriarctos nikolovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EF87F91B82DED37B" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EF87F91B82DED37B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailuropoda microta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and smaller than other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EF18F8F48201D315" authority="(Pei, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Pei" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EF18F8F484F3D37B" box="[1304,1424,1813,1835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B03375B1243EF9CF8F4823BD316" author="Pei, W." journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Academia Sinica" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 119" part="18" refId="ref10562" refString="Pei, W. 1987. Canivora, Proboscidea and Rodentia from Liucheng Gigantopithecus Cave and other caves in Guangxi. Memoirs of Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Academia Sinica 18: 1 - 119." title="Canivora, Proboscidea and Rodentia from Liucheng Gigantopithecus Cave and other caves in Guangxi" type="journal article" year="1987">Pei, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas its canine size is comparable to that of the largest individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E9C1F8AB85A7D330" box="[961,1220,1866,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E9C1F8AB85A7D330" box="[961,1220,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailuropoda melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and larger than that of other species. The P4 is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EF01F884841AD32B" baseAuthorityName="Pei" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[1281,1401,1893,1915]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EF01F884841AD32B" box="[1281,1401,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the absence of the cingulum. The differences between the Bulgarian tooth and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E995F87B856ED3E0" baseAuthorityName="Pei" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[917,1037,1946,1968]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E995F87B856ED3E0" box="[917,1037,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can largely be referred to the differences between the Bulgarian tooth and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242EBE7FD548339D69B" authorityName="Qiu Zhanxiang & Qi Guoquin" authorityYear="1989" box="[487,602,693,715]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EBE7FD548339D69B" box="[487,602,693,715]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ailurarctos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Bulgarian tooth further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242EBA6FD2E837DD6B5" baseAuthorityName="Pei" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[422,542,719,741]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EBA6FD2E837DD6B5" box="[422,542,719,741]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by a less enlarged hypocone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5D667A375B1243EA6AF8ED8343D3E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6953121" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6953121" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6953121/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[106,195,1804,1824]" targetBox="[133,750,1387,1778]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375B1243EA6AF8ED8343D3E0" blockId="2.[106,777,1804,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
FIGURE 3. Upper dentition (PA) of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EBCDF8ED831CD370" box="[461,639,1804,1824]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EBCDF8ED831CD370" box="[461,639,1804,1824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Agriarctos nikolovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in comparison with other representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB7CF8C5809BD368" authorityName="Greve" authorityYear="1892" box="[380,504,1828,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ailuropodini">Ailuropodini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E800F8C58371D367" bold="true" box="[512,530,1828,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
|
||
, cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E838F8C583C5D368" box="[568,678,1828,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E838F8C583C5D368" box="[568,678,1828,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, uncatalogued cast of MHNL AA52bis in the collection of the University of Vienna;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EAB8F8B581A5D337" bold="true" box="[184,198,1876,1895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
|
||
,?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EADCF8B580AED338" authority="NMNHS FM" authorityName="NMNHS FM" box="[220,461,1876,1896]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EADCF8B5802DD338" box="[220,334,1876,1896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ag. nikolovi</emphasis>
|
||
NMNHS FM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3546-a (reversed for comparison);
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EA6AF88D811AD32F" bold="true" box="[106,121,1900,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EA87F88D80C8D3D0" authority=", YICRA YV" authorityName="YICRA YV" box="[135,427,1900,1920]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuanmouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EA87F88D804FD32F" box="[135,300,1900,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ai. yuanmouensis</emphasis>
|
||
, YICRA YV
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2509.1 (reversed);
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E85DF88D830ED32F" bold="true" box="[605,621,1900,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E87BF88D81DBD3C8" authority=", IVPP V" authorityName="IVPP V" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lufengensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E87BF88D8260D3D0" box="[635,771,1900,1920]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ai. lufengensis</emphasis>
|
||
, IVPP V
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
6892.12;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB0DF865807FD3C7" bold="true" box="[269,284,1924,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243EB2DF8658093D3C8" authority=", IVPP V" authorityName="IVPP V" box="[301,496,1924,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243EB2DF86580F0D3C7" box="[301,403,1924,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. microta</emphasis>
|
||
, IVPP
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9471AB11375B1243EBE0F8658093D3C8" box="[480,496,1924,1944]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V14564" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="EnaNcbi">V</accessionNumber>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
14564;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E836F865833CD3C7" bold="true" box="[566,607,1924,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">F1-3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375B1243E86FF86581F2D3E0" authority=", IOZ" authorityName="IOZ" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375B1243E86FF8658260D3C8" box="[623,771,1924,1944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
, IOZ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
32756, IOZ26449, IOZ32755. Not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5D667A375A1242EA6BFF7E83ACD4B0" ID-Table-UUID="DF5D667A375A1242EA6BFF7E83ACD4B0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5D667A375A1242EA6BFF7E83ACD4B0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[107,183,159,179]" targetBox="[107,1477,260,584]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375A1242EA6BFF7E83ACD4B0" blockId="3.[107,1478,159,224]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
TABLE 1. Measurements (in mm) of upper teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E865FF7E8382D4E3" authorityName="Greve" authorityYear="1892" box="[613,737,159,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ailuropodini">Ailuropodini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E990FF7E8288D4E3" box="[912,1003,159,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Kretzoiarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beatrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E990FF7E8288D4E3" box="[912,1003,159,179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">K. beatrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B03375A1242EE47FF7E8591D4E3" author="Abella, J. & P. Montoya & J. Morales" box="[1095,1266,159,179]" journalOrPublisher="Estudios Geologicos" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="187 - 191" part="67" refId="ref9565" refString="Abella, J., P. Montoya, and J. Morales. 2011. A new species of Agriarctos (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae, Carnivora) in the locality of Nombrevilla 2 (Zaragoza, Spain). Estudios Geologicos 67: 187 - 191." title="A new species of Agriarctos (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae, Carnivora) in the locality of Nombrevilla 2 (Zaragoza, Spain)" type="journal article" year="2011">Abella et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B03375A1242EEFDFF7E844BD4E3" author="Abella, J. & D. M. Alba & J. M. Robles & A. Valenciano & C. Rotgers & R. Carmona & P. Montoya & J. Morales" box="[1277,1320,159,179]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS One" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="48985" part="7" refId="ref9613" refString="Abella, J., D. M. Alba, J. M. Robles, A. Valenciano, C. Rotgers, R. Carmona, P. Montoya, and J. Morales. 2012. Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda clade. PLoS One 7, e 48985." title="Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda clade" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); metric data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242EA6BFF5481B4D499" box="[107,215,181,201]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EA6BFF5481B4D499" box="[107,215,181,201]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Soblay are from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B03375A1242EBA5FF5483CDD499" author="Crusafont Pairo, M. & B. Kurten" box="[421,686,181,201]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 30" part="144" refId="ref9957" refString="Crusafont Pairo, M. and B. Kurten, 1976. Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain. Acta Zoologica Fennica 144: 1 - 30." title="Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain" type="journal article" year="1976">Crusafont and Kurtén (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and others were measured by authors.
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EE17FF5485FFD498" bold="true" box="[1047,1180,181,200]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EEA5FF5785D0D499" bold="true" box="[1189,1203,182,201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L</emphasis>
|
||
, length;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EF01FF578449D499" bold="true" box="[1281,1322,182,201]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Max</emphasis>
|
||
, maximum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EF9BFF5484A2D498" bold="true" box="[1435,1473,181,200]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Min</emphasis>
|
||
, minimum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EACFFF2D8191D48F" bold="true" box="[207,242,204,223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MN</emphasis>
|
||
, Mammal Neogene zone;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EBE8FF2D8097D48F" bold="true" box="[488,500,204,223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
|
||
, sample size;
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E876FF2D83EAD48F" bold="true" box="[630,649,204,223]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">W</emphasis>
|
||
, width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375A1242EE73FEE584DED618" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<table id="F922C452375AEDBEEA6BFEE584A6D618" box="[107,1477,260,584]" gridcols="9" gridrows="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFEE584A6D548" box="[107,1477,260,280]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE3CFEE585A0D548" box="[1084,1219,260,280]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C1</th>
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FEE58412D548" box="[1345,1393,260,280]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P4</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFECE84A6D513" box="[107,1477,303,323]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEA6BFECE805ED513" box="[107,317,303,323]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Catalogs</th>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEB65FECE8089D513" box="[357,490,303,323]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Locality</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FECE8385D513" box="[529,742,303,323]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Age</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFECE8575D513" box="[781,1046,303,323]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taxon</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE3CFECE850FD513" box="[1084,1132,303,323]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE93FECE85A0D513" box="[1171,1219,303,323]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">W</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFECE8479D513" box="[1258,1306,303,323]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">L</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FECE8412D513" box="[1345,1393,303,323]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">W</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FECE84A6D513" box="[1432,1477,303,323]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">W/L</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFEB084A6D535" box="[107,1477,337,357]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEA6BFEB0805ED535" box="[107,317,337,357]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">NMNHS FM3546-a, b</th>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEB65FEB08089D535" box="[357,490,337,357]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ognyanovo</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FEB08385D535" box="[529,742,337,357]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Late Messinian/ MN13</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFEB08575D535" box="[781,1046,337,357]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E917FEB082A9D535" box="[791,970,337,357]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E917FEB082A9D535" box="[791,970,337,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Agriarctos nikolovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265579B375A1242E9D0FEB08575D535" box="[976,1046,337,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE3CFEB0850FD535" box="[1084,1132,337,357]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">20.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE93FEB085A0D535" box="[1171,1219,337,357]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">14.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFEB08479D535" box="[1258,1306,337,357]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">22.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FEB08412D535" box="[1345,1393,337,357]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">14.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FEB084A6D535" box="[1432,1477,337,357]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.66</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFE8984A6D52C" box="[107,1477,360,380]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEA6BFE89805ED52C" box="[107,317,360,380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MNCN-CSIC NV-2-42</th>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEB65FE898089D52C" box="[357,490,360,380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nombrevilla 2</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FE898385D52C" box="[529,742,360,380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MN 8</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFE898575D52C" box="[781,1046,360,380]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E90DFE88820BD52C" box="[781,872,360,380]" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" genus="Kretzoiarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beatrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E90DFE88820BD52C" box="[781,872,360,380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">K. beatrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFE898479D52C" box="[1258,1306,360,380]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FE898412D52C" box="[1345,1393,360,380]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">13.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FE8984A6D52C" box="[1432,1477,360,380]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFE9E84A6D5C3" box="[107,1477,383,403]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEA6BFE9E805ED5C3" box="[107,317,383,403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MC AA52bis</th>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEB65FE9E8089D5C3" box="[357,490,383,403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Soblay</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FE9E8385D5C3" box="[529,742,383,403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MN 10</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFE9E8575D5C3" box="[781,1046,383,403]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E928FE9E82F4D5C3" box="[808,919,383,403]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E928FE9E82F4D5C3" box="[808,919,383,403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFE9E8479D5C3" box="[1258,1306,383,403]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">21.30</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FE9E8412D5C3" box="[1345,1393,383,403]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">14.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FE9E84A6D5C3" box="[1432,1477,383,403]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.68</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFE7484A6D5F9" box="[107,1477,405,425]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEA6BFE74805ED5F9" box="[107,317,405,425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MC AA96</th>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEB65FE748089D5F9" box="[357,490,405,425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Soblay</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FE748385D5F9" box="[529,742,405,425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MN 10</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFE748575D5F9" box="[781,1046,405,425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E928FE7482F4D5F9" box="[808,919,405,425]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depereti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E928FE7482F4D5F9" box="[808,919,405,425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ag. depereti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFE748479D5F9" box="[1258,1306,405,425]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">19.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FE748412D5F9" box="[1345,1393,405,425]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">13.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FE7484A6D5F9" box="[1432,1477,405,425]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.66</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFE4D84A6D590" box="[107,1477,428,448]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEA6BFE4D805ED590" box="[107,317,428,448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IVPP V6892.12</th>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEB65FE4D8089D590" box="[357,490,428,448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lufeng</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FE4D8385D590" box="[529,742,428,448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MN 13</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFE4D8575D590" box="[781,1046,428,448]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E90DFE4D82F7D590" box="[781,916,428,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lufengensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E90DFE4D82F7D590" box="[781,916,428,448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ai. lufengensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFE4D8479D590" box="[1258,1306,428,448]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">15.72</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FE4D8412D590" box="[1345,1393,428,448]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11.78</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FE4D84A6D590" box="[1432,1477,428,448]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.75</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFE2284A6D587" box="[107,1477,451,471]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEA6BFE22805ED587" box="[107,317,451,471]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IVPP V6892.1</th>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEB65FE228089D587" box="[357,490,451,471]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lufeng</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FE228385D587" box="[529,742,451,471]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MN 13</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFE228575D587" box="[781,1046,451,471]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E90DFE2282F7D587" box="[781,916,451,471]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lufengensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E90DFE2282F7D587" box="[781,916,451,471]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ai. lufengensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFE3884A6D5BD" box="[107,1477,473,493]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEA6BFE38805ED5BD" box="[107,317,473,493]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">YICRA YV2509</th>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEB65FE388089D5BD" box="[357,490,473,493]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Yuanmou</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FE388385D5BD" box="[529,742,473,493]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MN 12</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFE388575D5BD" box="[781,1046,473,493]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E90DFE3882D2D5BC" box="[781,945,473,493]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuanmouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E90DFE3882D2D5BC" box="[781,945,473,493]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ai. yuanmouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFE388479D5BD" box="[1258,1306,473,493]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">14.62</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FE388412D5BD" box="[1345,1393,473,493]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">10.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FE3884A6D5BD" box="[1432,1477,473,493]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.73</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFE1184A6D654" box="[107,1477,496,516]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFE118575D654" box="[781,1046,496,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E90DFE1182CBD654" box="[781,936,496,516]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E90DFE1182CBD654" box="[781,936,496,516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ail. melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE3CFE11850FD654" box="[1084,1132,496,516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n=28</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE93FE1185A0D654" box="[1171,1219,496,516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n=29</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFE118479D654" box="[1258,1306,496,516]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n=34</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FE118412D654" box="[1345,1393,496,516]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n=34</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FE1184A6D654" box="[1432,1477,496,516]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n=34</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFDE684A6D64B" box="[107,1477,519,539]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE811FDE68385D64B" box="[529,742,519,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Recent sp.</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFDE68575D64B" box="[781,1046,519,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Means</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE3CFDE6850FD64B" box="[1084,1132,519,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">17.34</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE93FDE685A0D64B" box="[1171,1219,519,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12.69</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFDE68479D64B" box="[1258,1306,519,539]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">26.51</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FDE68412D64B" box="[1345,1393,519,539]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18.68</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FDE684A6D64B" box="[1432,1477,519,539]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.70</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFDFC84A6D661" box="[107,1477,541,561]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFDFC8575D661" box="[781,1046,541,561]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Max.</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE3CFDFC850FD661" box="[1084,1132,541,561]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">20.82</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE93FDFC85A0D661" box="[1171,1219,541,561]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">16.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFDFC8479D661" box="[1258,1306,541,561]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28.29</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FDFC8412D661" box="[1345,1393,541,561]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">20.04</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FDFC84A6D661" box="[1432,1477,541,561]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.74</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351234B0375AEDBEEA6BFDD584A6D618" box="[107,1477,564,584]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEE90DFDD58575D618" box="[781,1046,564,584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Min.</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE3CFDD5850FD618" box="[1084,1132,564,584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">15.47</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEE93FDD585A0D618" box="[1171,1219,564,584]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11.24</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEEEAFDD58479D618" box="[1258,1306,564,584]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">25.50</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF41FDD58412D618" box="[1345,1393,564,584]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">17.42</td>
|
||
<td id="76C35DCC375AEDBEEF98FDD584A6D618" box="[1432,1477,564,584]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.66</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9D36F2375A1242EA83FCE48191D700" blockId="3.[107,777,693,848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The canine of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242EB28FCE480FDD74B" box="[296,414,773,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Agriarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nikolovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242EB28FCE480FDD74B" box="[296,414,773,795]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. nikolovi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very robust, comparable in size (in spite of the smaller dimensions of P4) to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C224D71375A1242E890FCFE818FD700" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B956EAE0375A1242E890FCFE818FD700" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ailuropoda melanoleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |