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<document id="E76A9DBF9B8F21292AA5D3B950535579" ID-CLB-Dataset="7001" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6cadad22-abf2-4abe-9165-156d5c63ece3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4752531" ID-ZooBank="94FB89CF-2083-4FAC-AE60-B8CCF1D5FE8E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619690781738" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia &amp; Copley, Darren" docDate="2021" docId="038B87C31902BE2DFF3A6AF0FBCC9FFE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4965.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4965 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cybaeus consocius Chamberlin &amp; Ivie 1932" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="403" masterDocId="FFB2FFBB1903BE2FFFAD6F15FFC49C5B" masterDocTitle="Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the consocius species group of the Californian clade" masterLastPageNumber="436" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="402" updateTime="1698937978772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E70448BAE1A9165E77DD2362D94A850C">Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the consocius species group of the Californian clade</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F35238D77BC9E3D812FFD8C046885B88">Bennett, Robb</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BD27D7B42B27073798C9B4BD1593FEF6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6587-7079</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B449375209F4DD59B1C0F693EF7311AD" type="email">ennett@shaw.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B846954C2C5C72CA8AB77B1B0CDF5D4D">Copley, Claudia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B01AD6CF67C7C5FDDFA85F8D298F5268" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8184-5819</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="95E0DA9CC2716D9AAFF26FD22D49BFDC">ccopley @ royalbcmuseum. bc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8184 - 5819</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8139D5143E75C500E96B5B9578235EDA" type="email">ccopley@royalbcmuseum.bc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="362FE99872F26218DE19EC636B79F673">Copley, Darren</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="16B50CC1675BE1F886FD479775E0A16E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1944-4272</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="DC3512E79E0352100FB0FEB4CFDD5344">dcopley @ royalbcmuseum. bc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1944 - 4272</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E798825CB1105A100FD4AF4F8BC0A377" type="email">dcopley@royalbcmuseum.bc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="5701DF3D5E2BC62CA45564E9342C7B56">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B11AC83B142129036B25661EBF3ED5B1">4965</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038B87C31902BE2DFF3A6AF0FBCC9FFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752640" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181983467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4752640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B87C31902BE2DFF3A6AF0FBCC9FFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B87C31902BE2DFF3A6AF0FBCC9FFE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="403" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<subSubSection id="C338655E1902BE2EFF3A6AF0FE3199A4" box="[151,501,1509,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9D36D51902BE2EFF3A6AF0FE3199A4" blockId="1.[151,501,1509,1535]" box="[151,501,1509,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<heading id="D0D581B91902BE2EFF3A6AF0FE3199A4" bold="true" box="[151,501,1509,1535]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFF3A6AF0FE3199A4" bold="true" box="[151,501,1509,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561902BE2EFF626AF0FE8299A4" ID-CoL="6C55P" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1932" box="[207,326,1509,1535]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocius">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFF626AF0FE8299A4" bold="true" box="[207,326,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">consocius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338655E1902BE2EFF3A6938FBC49BA3" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9D36D51902BE2EFF3A6938FEA89AA7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1581,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFF3A6938FECE9A1C" bold="true" box="[151,266,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. The species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561902BE2EFE4F693BFD949A1C" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1932" box="[482,592,1582,1607]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocius">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFE4F693BFD949A1C" box="[482,592,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">consocius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of the Californian clade are defined by a combination of the following characters: the anterior to medially located undivided (
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFCAA6944FC969A37" box="[775,850,1617,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,180,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,179,1391]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Cybaeus consocius, females from California, copulatory organ (5–7 holotype, 8 from Mount Tamalpais, 9 from near Oakville). 5 Epigynum, ventral. 6–8 Vulva (6, 8 ventral, 7 dorsal). 9 Atria, ventral. BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752539/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFCCD6944FCBA9A30" box="[864,894,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1664,1688]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,184,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Cybaeus spp., females, copulatory organ (13–15 C. hesper, syntype of C. minor; 16–17 C. consocius, holotype of C. marinensis). 13, 16 Epigynum, ventral; 14–15, 17 Vulva (14, 17 ventral, 15 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752550/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFC266944FC6D9A30" box="[907,937,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,186,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 30–32. Cybaeus opulentus spec. nov., female from Riverton, California, copulatory organ. 30 Epigynum, ventral. 31–32 Vulva (31 ventral, 32 dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752572/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFC1A6944FC119A30" box="[951,981,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–41" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,185,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37–41. Cybaeus spp., females from California, copulatory organ (37–38 C. pan spec. nov. from near Calpine, 39 C. pan spec. nov. from Sierra City, 40–41 C. vulpinus from Big Trees State Park). 37 Epigynum, ventral. 38–41 Vulva (38, 40 ventral; 39, 41 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct, SS—spermathecal stalk. Unlabelled arrow indicates epigynal notch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752580/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFC4E6944FBC69A30" box="[995,1026,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–51" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,181,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[151,1437,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 46–51. Cybaeus penedentatus, females from California, copulatory organ (46–48 from Ben Lomond, 49 from Pescadero Creek, 50–51 from Mount Madonna). 46 Epigynum, ventral. 47–51 Vulva (47, 49–50 ventral; 48, 51 dorsal). AT—atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752586/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFBA36944FBE89A37" box="[1038,1068,1617,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 52–54" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[176,1401,188,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[176,1411,181,1052]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 52–54. Cybaeus penedentatus, female from Brookdale, California, copulatory organ. 52 Epigynum, ventral. 53–54 Vulva (53 ventral, 54 dorsal). AT—atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752592/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">52</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFB976944FB9C9A30" box="[1082,1112,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,184,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1226]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Cybaeus simplex, females from Cascadia, Oregon, copulatory organ. 64 Epigynum, ventral. 65–67 Vulva (65 ventral, 66–67 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752604/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">64</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFBCB6944FB479A30" box="[1126,1155,1617,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–79" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,186,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@26.[151,1436,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 74–79. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (74–76 from Point Reyes Station, 77– 79 from Anchor Bay). 74, 77 Epigynum, ventral. 75–76, 78–79 Vulva (75, 78, ventral, 76, 79 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752616/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">74</figureCitation>
) or divided atrium (
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFAC76944FF269ACB" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,906,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-111@10.[151,1436,906,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Cybaeus hummeli spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (23–25 from Miramar, 26 from San Francisco). 23, 26 Epigynum, ventral. 24–25 Vulva (24 ventral, 25 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752564/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 23, 26</figureCitation>
), the well-developed, often distinctly looped and/or somewhat membranous copulatory ducts of which the proximal sections (closest to the atrium) do not envelop or loop around the more distal sections (closest to the spermathecal heads) (
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFE2169A8FE119A83" box="[396,469,1725,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,180,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,179,1391]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Cybaeus consocius, females from California, copulatory organ (5–7 holotype, 8 from Mount Tamalpais, 9 from near Oakville). 5 Epigynum, ventral. 6–8 Vulva (6, 8 ventral, 7 dorsal). 9 Atria, ventral. BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752539/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFE4F69A8FDC49A83" box="[482,512,1725,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1664,1688]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,184,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Cybaeus spp., females, copulatory organ (13–15 C. hesper, syntype of C. minor; 16–17 C. consocius, holotype of C. marinensis). 13, 16 Epigynum, ventral; 14–15, 17 Vulva (14, 17 ventral, 15 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752550/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFDA069A8FDEF9A83" box="[525,555,1725,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,906,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-111@10.[151,1436,906,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Cybaeus hummeli spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (23–25 from Miramar, 26 from San Francisco). 23, 26 Epigynum, ventral. 24–25 Vulva (24 ventral, 25 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752564/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFD9569A8FD929A8C" box="[568,598,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–41" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,185,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37–41. Cybaeus spp., females from California, copulatory organ (37–38 C. pan spec. nov. from near Calpine, 39 C. pan spec. nov. from Sierra City, 40–41 C. vulpinus from Big Trees State Park). 37 Epigynum, ventral. 38–41 Vulva (38, 40 ventral; 39, 41 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct, SS—spermathecal stalk. Unlabelled arrow indicates epigynal notch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752580/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFDCE69A8FD459A83" box="[611,641,1725,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 52–54" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[176,1401,188,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[176,1411,181,1052]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 52–54. Cybaeus penedentatus, female from Brookdale, California, copulatory organ. 52 Epigynum, ventral. 53–54 Vulva (53 ventral, 54 dorsal). AT—atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752592/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">54</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFD2369A8FD689A8C" box="[654,684,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,184,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1226]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Cybaeus simplex, females from Cascadia, Oregon, copulatory organ. 64 Epigynum, ventral. 65–67 Vulva (65 ventral, 66–67 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752604/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">67</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFD1469A8FD1C9A83" box="[697,728,1725,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–79" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,186,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@26.[151,1436,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 74–79. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (74–76 from Point Reyes Station, 77– 79 from Anchor Bay). 74, 77 Epigynum, ventral. 75–76, 78–79 Vulva (75, 78, ventral, 76, 79 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752616/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">75</figureCitation>
), and the roughly quadrangular shape of the vulva (
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFA8F69A8FAA89A8C" box="[1314,1388,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,180,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,179,1391]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Cybaeus consocius, females from California, copulatory organ (5–7 holotype, 8 from Mount Tamalpais, 9 from near Oakville). 5 Epigynum, ventral. 6–8 Vulva (6, 8 ventral, 7 dorsal). 9 Atria, ventral. BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752539/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFAD469A8FA539A8C" box="[1401,1431,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1664,1688]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,184,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Cybaeus spp., females, copulatory organ (13–15 C. hesper, syntype of C. minor; 16–17 C. consocius, holotype of C. marinensis). 13, 16 Epigynum, ventral; 14–15, 17 Vulva (14, 17 ventral, 15 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752550/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFF3A69F4FF719AA0" box="[151,181,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,906,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-111@10.[151,1436,906,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Cybaeus hummeli spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (23–25 from Miramar, 26 from San Francisco). 23, 26 Epigynum, ventral. 24–25 Vulva (24 ventral, 25 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752564/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFF6C69F4FF1B9AA0" box="[193,223,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–41" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,185,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37–41. Cybaeus spp., females from California, copulatory organ (37–38 C. pan spec. nov. from near Calpine, 39 C. pan spec. nov. from Sierra City, 40–41 C. vulpinus from Big Trees State Park). 37 Epigynum, ventral. 38–41 Vulva (38, 40 ventral; 39, 41 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct, SS—spermathecal stalk. Unlabelled arrow indicates epigynal notch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752580/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFF4669F4FECD9AA0" box="[235,265,1761,1787]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–51" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,181,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[151,1437,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 46–51. Cybaeus penedentatus, females from California, copulatory organ (46–48 from Ben Lomond, 49 from Pescadero Creek, 50–51 from Mount Madonna). 46 Epigynum, ventral. 47–51 Vulva (47, 49–50 ventral; 48, 51 dorsal). AT—atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752586/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">47</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFEB869F4FEF79AA7" box="[277,307,1761,1788]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,184,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1226]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Cybaeus simplex, females from Cascadia, Oregon, copulatory organ. 64 Epigynum, ventral. 65–67 Vulva (65 ventral, 66–67 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752604/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">65</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501902BE2EFE9269F4FE9B9AA7" box="[319,351,1761,1788]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–79" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,186,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@26.[151,1436,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 74–79. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (74–76 from Point Reyes Station, 77– 79 from Anchor Bay). 74, 77 Epigynum, ventral. 75–76, 78–79 Vulva (75, 78, ventral, 76, 79 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752616/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">75</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D36D51902BE2EFF6A6810FBC49BA3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1581,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">
The members of the
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFE186810FE399B44" box="[437,509,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">devius</emphasis>
group are most similar to those of the
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561902BE2EFC116813FBEE9B44" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1932" box="[956,1066,1798,1823]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocius">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFC116813FBEE9B44" box="[956,1066,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">consocius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group but differ in their possession of copulatory ducts in which the proximal sections partially envelop or loop around the more distal sections (
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFF0C685BFF0D9B3C" box="[161,201,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B241902BE2EFF756858FE689B3C" author="Copley, C. R. &amp; Bennett, R. &amp; Perlman, S. J." box="[216,428,1869,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="367 - 401" refId="ref18027" refString="Copley, C. R., Bennett, R. &amp; Perlman, S. J. (2009) Systematics of Nearctic Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 23, 367 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 09001" type="journal article" year="2009">
Copley
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFE9C685BFEAE9B3C" box="[305,362,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 9). The other Californian clade species groups are characterized either by transverse ridges or “wrinkles” on the epigynum (
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFDE46864FD1E9BD0" box="[585,730,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">aspenicolens</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFCA26867FCAF9BD0" box="[783,875,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">septatus</emphasis>
groups;
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFC666867FC309BD0" box="[971,1012,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B241902BE2EFBAC6864FB159BD0" author="Copley, C. R. &amp; Bennett, R. &amp; Perlman, S. J." box="[1025,1233,1905,1931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="367 - 401" refId="ref18027" refString="Copley, C. R., Bennett, R. &amp; Perlman, S. J. (2009) Systematics of Nearctic Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 23, 367 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 09001" type="journal article" year="2009">
Copley
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFBF56867FB549BD0" box="[1112,1168,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 6, 12, 65, 95, 101;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B241902BE2EFF7C6883FE699BF4" author="Bennett, R. &amp; Copley, C. &amp; Copley, D." box="[209,429,1941,1968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="224 - 244" refId="ref17331" refString="Bennett, R., Copley, C. &amp; Copley, D. (2021) Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the aspenicolens species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa, 4926 (2), 224 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4926.2.4" type="journal article" year="2021">
Bennett
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFE9D6883FEAE9BF4" box="[304,362,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 34–35, 38), straight, longitudinally oriented copulatory ducts and a triangular vulva (
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFF0C68ACFF399B88" box="[161,253,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">tardatus</emphasis>
group;
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFEFA68AFFEBB9B88" box="[343,383,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B241902BE2EFE2268ACFDA29B88" author="Copley, C. R. &amp; Bennett, R. &amp; Perlman, S. J." box="[399,614,1977,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="367 - 401" refId="ref18027" refString="Copley, C. R., Bennett, R. &amp; Perlman, S. J. (2009) Systematics of Nearctic Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 23, 367 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 09001" type="journal article" year="2009">
Copley
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFE4568AFFDE69B88" box="[488,546,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 10), or reduced laterally projecting copulatory ducts and very short spermathecal stalks (
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFE2F68C8FE149BAC" box="[386,464,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">adenes</emphasis>
group;
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFD8A68CBFD8B9BAC" box="[551,591,2014,2039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">e.g.</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB34B241902BE2EFDF068CBFCF19BAC" author="Bennett, R. &amp; Copley, C. &amp; Copley, D." box="[605,821,2013,2040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="402" pagination="245 - 274" refId="ref17217" refString="Bennett, R., Copley, C. &amp; Copley, D. (2019) Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the adenes species group of the Californian clade. Zootaxa, 4711 (2), 245 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4711.2.2" type="journal article" year="2019">
Bennett
<emphasis id="B956EAC71902BE2EFD1668CBFD309BAC" box="[699,756,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="402">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 6, 8, 16–17).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338655E1901BE2DFF6A6F83FBCC9FFE" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9D36D51901BE2DFF6A6F83FC2B9CA2" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFF6A6F83FE959CEB" bold="true" box="[199,337,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Description</emphasis>
. Medium- to large-sized spiders, carapace lengths averaging 2.11–3.0 mm (females), sexes subequal. Abdomen patterned, legs usually unbanded. Two or three complete pairs of ventral tibia I macrosetae; terminal pair absent, incomplete, or present: pattern 2-1p-2-1p-0(or 1p or 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D36D51901BE2DFF6A6E17FCEC9D8A" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFF6A6E17FEC69D46" bold="true" box="[199,258,258,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Male</emphasis>
: Patellar apophysis (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFE446E16FDF49D46" box="[489,560,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[252,1338,241,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-62@4.[246,1341,234,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Cybaeus spp., males, left palpus (1 C. simplex from Ashland watershed, Oregon; 2–4 C. consocius from Muir Woods, California). 1 Patella, tibia, and genital bulb, ventral. 2 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 3–4 Genital bulb (3 ventral, 4 retrolateral). DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PS—peg setae, PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752533/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD966E16FD9D9D46" box="[571,601,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[207,1372,273,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-71@14.[207,1381,273,1909]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Cybaeus pan spec. nov., male from Calpine, California, left palpus. 33–34 Patella and tibia (33 retrolateral, 34 dorsal). 35–36 Genital bulb (35 ventral, 36 retrolateral). PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate simple curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFDC96E16FD469D46" box="[612,642,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–45" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,155,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,151,1783]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 42–45. Cybaeus penedentatus, male from Holy City, California, left palpus. 42–43 Patella and tibia (42 retrolateral, 43 dorsal). 44–45 Genital bulb (44 ventral, 45 retrolateral). PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate ventral keel of proximal arm of tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752582/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">43</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD206E16FD6F9D46" box="[653,683,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–63" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,183,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[176,1410,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 59–63. Cybaeus simplex, males from Oregon, left palpus (59 from Ashland watershed, 60–63 from H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest). 59 Tibia, retrolateral. 60 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 61–62 Genital bulb (61 ventral, 62 retrolateral). 63 Tip of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Arrows indicate diagnostic characters (59 distal extension of retrolateral tibial apophysis, 61 strongly twisted tip and prominent basal projection of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, 62 compound curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752600/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">60</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD1B6E16FD109D46" box="[694,724,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–71" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1762,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,186,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-27@24.[151,1436,181,1738]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 68–71. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., males from California, left palpus (68–69, 71 from Novato, 70 from Anchor Bay). 68–69 Patella and tibia (68 retrolateral, 69 dorsal). 70–71 Genital bulb (70 ventral, 71 retrolateral). E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate dorsal tibial ridge and dorsal prominence of patellar apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752607/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">69</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD726E16FD389D46" box="[735,764,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 72–73" captionStartId="25.[151,264,977,1001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,953]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,953]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 72–73. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., male from Novato, California, left palpus. 72 Patellar apophysis, ventral. 73 Proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Arrows indicate diagnostic characters (72 dorsal prominence of patellar apophysis, 73 ventral longitudinal groove of proximal arm of tegular apophysis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752611/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">72</figureCitation>
) anteriorly or anterolaterally directed, often species specific, length about 1/3 to as long as width of patella. Number and placement of peg setae variable, diagnostic for some species. Retrolateral tibial apophysis (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFDEB6E5EFD5A9D3E" box="[582,670,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[207,1372,273,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-71@14.[207,1381,273,1909]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Cybaeus pan spec. nov., male from Calpine, California, left palpus. 33–34 Patella and tibia (33 retrolateral, 34 dorsal). 35–36 Genital bulb (35 ventral, 36 retrolateral). PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate simple curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD016E5FFD0E9D3E" box="[684,714,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–63" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,183,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[176,1410,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 59–63. Cybaeus simplex, males from Oregon, left palpus (59 from Ashland watershed, 60–63 from H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest). 59 Tibia, retrolateral. 60 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 61–62 Genital bulb (61 ventral, 62 retrolateral). 63 Tip of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Arrows indicate diagnostic characters (59 distal extension of retrolateral tibial apophysis, 61 strongly twisted tip and prominent basal projection of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, 62 compound curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752600/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">59</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD7A6E5EFD309D3D" box="[727,756,331,358]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–71" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1762,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,186,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-27@24.[151,1436,181,1738]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 68–71. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., males from California, left palpus (68–69, 71 from Novato, 70 from Anchor Bay). 68–69 Patella and tibia (68 retrolateral, 69 dorsal). 70–71 Genital bulb (70 ventral, 71 retrolateral). E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate dorsal tibial ridge and dorsal prominence of patellar apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752607/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">68</figureCitation>
) carinate, nearly as long as tibia. Embolus (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFB446E5EFA849D3E" box="[1257,1344,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,192,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[200,1388,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Cybaeus hesper, male from Skyline Boulevard at King’s Mountain, California, right palpus. 10 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 11–12 Genital bulb (11 ventral, 12 retrolateral). PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752546/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFAE36E5EFAA89D3E" box="[1358,1388,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 27–29" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[157,1430,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 27–29. Cybaeus opulentus spec. nov., male from Riverton, California, left palpus. 27 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 28–29 Genital bulb (28 ventral, 29 retrolateral). PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate compound curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFAD46E5EFA539D3E" box="[1401,1431,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–63" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,183,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[176,1410,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 59–63. Cybaeus simplex, males from Oregon, left palpus (59 from Ashland watershed, 60–63 from H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest). 59 Tibia, retrolateral. 60 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 61–62 Genital bulb (61 ventral, 62 retrolateral). 63 Tip of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Arrows indicate diagnostic characters (59 distal extension of retrolateral tibial apophysis, 61 strongly twisted tip and prominent basal projection of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, 62 compound curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752600/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFF3A6E7AFF709DD2" box="[151,180,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 80–83" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1420,199,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[151,1436,181,1819]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 80–83. Cybaeus vulpinus, male from Columbia, California, left palpus. 80–81 Patella and tibia (80 retrolateral, 81 dorsal). 82–83 Genital bulb (82 ventral, 83 retrolateral). Arrows indicate simple curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752620/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">82</figureCitation>
) relatively short, somewhat thickened, flattened and ribbon-like in one species (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFB946E7AFB799DD2" box="[1081,1213,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–71" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1762,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,186,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-27@24.[151,1436,181,1738]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 68–71. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., males from California, left palpus (68–69, 71 from Novato, 70 from Anchor Bay). 68–69 Patella and tibia (68 retrolateral, 69 dorsal). 70–71 Genital bulb (70 ventral, 71 retrolateral). E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate dorsal tibial ridge and dorsal prominence of patellar apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752607/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 70–71</figureCitation>
). Tegular apophysis with distal arm short, relatively broad but not enlarged or lengthened; proximal arm prolaterally directed, variously developed, species specific (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFE7B6EA2FDDA9D8A" box="[470,542,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1863,1887]" captionTargetBox="[252,1338,241,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-62@4.[246,1341,234,1837]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Cybaeus spp., males, left palpus (1 C. simplex from Ashland watershed, Oregon; 2–4 C. consocius from Muir Woods, California). 1 Patella, tibia, and genital bulb, ventral. 2 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 3–4 Genital bulb (3 ventral, 4 retrolateral). DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PS—peg setae, PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752533/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD866EA2FD8C9D8A" box="[555,584,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–12" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1388,192,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[200,1388,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–12. Cybaeus hesper, male from Skyline Boulevard at King’s Mountain, California, right palpus. 10 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 11–12 Genital bulb (11 ventral, 12 retrolateral). PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752546/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFDF96EA2FDB69D8A" box="[596,626,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–19" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1430,1454]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,573,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-158@9.[151,1436,562,1407]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 18–19. Cybaeus hummeli spec. nov., male from Skyline Boulevard at King’s Mountain, California, left palpus, genital bulb (18 ventral, 19 retrolateral). E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752554/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFDD36EA3FD589D8A" box="[638,668,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox="[207,1372,273,1901]" captionTargetId="figure-71@14.[207,1381,273,1909]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Cybaeus pan spec. nov., male from Calpine, California, left palpus. 33–34 Patella and tibia (33 retrolateral, 34 dorsal). 35–36 Genital bulb (35 ventral, 36 retrolateral). PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate simple curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752576/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD056EA2FD039D8A" box="[680,711,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 42–45" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,155,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,151,1783]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 42–45. Cybaeus penedentatus, male from Holy City, California, left palpus. 42–43 Patella and tibia (42 retrolateral, 43 dorsal). 44–45 Genital bulb (44 ventral, 45 retrolateral). PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate ventral keel of proximal arm of tegular apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752582/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">44</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD7F6EA2FD349D8A" box="[722,752,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 59–63" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,183,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[176,1410,181,1849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 59–63. Cybaeus simplex, males from Oregon, left palpus (59 from Ashland watershed, 60–63 from H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest). 59 Tibia, retrolateral. 60 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 61–62 Genital bulb (61 ventral, 62 retrolateral). 63 Tip of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Arrows indicate diagnostic characters (59 distal extension of retrolateral tibial apophysis, 61 strongly twisted tip and prominent basal projection of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, 62 compound curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752600/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">61</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD516EA2FCD89D8A" box="[764,796,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–71" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1762,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,186,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-27@24.[151,1436,181,1738]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 68–71. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., males from California, left palpus (68–69, 71 from Novato, 70 from Anchor Bay). 68–69 Patella and tibia (68 retrolateral, 69 dorsal). 70–71 Genital bulb (70 ventral, 71 retrolateral). E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis. RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Unlabelled arrows indicate dorsal tibial ridge and dorsal prominence of patellar apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752607/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">70</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D36D51901BE2DFF6A6ECFFBDB9E96" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFF6A6ECFFEDA9DAE" bold="true" box="[199,286,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Female</emphasis>
: Atrium (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFE3C6ECEFE189DAE" box="[401,476,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,180,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,179,1391]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Cybaeus consocius, females from California, copulatory organ (5–7 holotype, 8 from Mount Tamalpais, 9 from near Oakville). 5 Epigynum, ventral. 6–8 Vulva (6, 8 ventral, 7 dorsal). 9 Atria, ventral. BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752539/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFE466ECEFDCD9DAE" box="[491,521,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1664,1688]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,184,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Cybaeus spp., females, copulatory organ (13–15 C. hesper, syntype of C. minor; 16–17 C. consocius, holotype of C. marinensis). 13, 16 Epigynum, ventral; 14–15, 17 Vulva (14, 17 ventral, 15 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752550/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFDBA6ECEFDF19DAE" box="[535,565,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,186,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 30–32. Cybaeus opulentus spec. nov., female from Riverton, California, copulatory organ. 30 Epigynum, ventral. 31–32 Vulva (31 ventral, 32 dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752572/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFDE96ECEFDA69DAE" box="[580,610,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–41" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,185,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37–41. Cybaeus spp., females from California, copulatory organ (37–38 C. pan spec. nov. from near Calpine, 39 C. pan spec. nov. from Sierra City, 40–41 C. vulpinus from Big Trees State Park). 37 Epigynum, ventral. 38–41 Vulva (38, 40 ventral; 39, 41 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct, SS—spermathecal stalk. Unlabelled arrow indicates epigynal notch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752580/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFDDC6ECEFD549DAE" box="[625,656,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–51" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,181,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[151,1437,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 46–51. Cybaeus penedentatus, females from California, copulatory organ (46–48 from Ben Lomond, 49 from Pescadero Creek, 50–51 from Mount Madonna). 46 Epigynum, ventral. 47–51 Vulva (47, 49–50 ventral; 48, 51 dorsal). AT—atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">46</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD306ECEFD7F9DAE" box="[669,699,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,184,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1226]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Cybaeus simplex, females from Cascadia, Oregon, copulatory organ. 64 Epigynum, ventral. 65–67 Vulva (65 ventral, 66–67 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752604/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">64</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFD676ECEFD239DAE" box="[714,743,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–79" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,186,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@26.[151,1436,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 74–79. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (74–76 from Point Reyes Station, 77– 79 from Anchor Bay). 74, 77 Epigynum, ventral. 75–76, 78–79 Vulva (75, 78, ventral, 76, 79 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">77</figureCitation>
) usually undivided, variously shaped, anteriorly to medially located on epigynum; distinctly divided in one species (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFCB86EEAFC589E41" box="[789,924,511,538]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,906,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-111@10.[151,1436,906,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Cybaeus hummeli spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (23–25 from Miramar, 26 from San Francisco). 23, 26 Epigynum, ventral. 24–25 Vulva (24 ventral, 25 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752564/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 23, 26</figureCitation>
). Copulatory ducts (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFB2E6EEAFB2E9E42" box="[1155,1258,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,180,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,179,1391]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Cybaeus consocius, females from California, copulatory organ (5–7 holotype, 8 from Mount Tamalpais, 9 from near Oakville). 5 Epigynum, ventral. 6–8 Vulva (6, 8 ventral, 7 dorsal). 9 Atria, ventral. BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752539/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFB556EEBFA849E42" box="[1272,1344,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1664,1688]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,184,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1640]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–17. Cybaeus spp., females, copulatory organ (13–15 C. hesper, syntype of C. minor; 16–17 C. consocius, holotype of C. marinensis). 13, 16 Epigynum, ventral; 14–15, 17 Vulva (14, 17 ventral, 15 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752550/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">14–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFAE06EEBFAAF9E42" box="[1357,1387,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,906,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-111@10.[151,1436,906,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Cybaeus hummeli spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (23–25 from Miramar, 26 from San Francisco). 23, 26 Epigynum, ventral. 24–25 Vulva (24 ventral, 25 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752564/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFAD46EEAFA539E42" box="[1401,1431,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,186,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 30–32. Cybaeus opulentus spec. nov., female from Riverton, California, copulatory organ. 30 Epigynum, ventral. 31–32 Vulva (31 ventral, 32 dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752572/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFF3A6D36FF719E66" box="[151,181,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–41" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,185,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37–41. Cybaeus spp., females from California, copulatory organ (37–38 C. pan spec. nov. from near Calpine, 39 C. pan spec. nov. from Sierra City, 40–41 C. vulpinus from Big Trees State Park). 37 Epigynum, ventral. 38–41 Vulva (38, 40 ventral; 39, 41 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct, SS—spermathecal stalk. Unlabelled arrow indicates epigynal notch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752580/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFF6C6D37FF1B9E66" box="[193,223,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 46–51" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,181,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[151,1437,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 46–51. Cybaeus penedentatus, females from California, copulatory organ (46–48 from Ben Lomond, 49 from Pescadero Creek, 50–51 from Mount Madonna). 46 Epigynum, ventral. 47–51 Vulva (47, 49–50 ventral; 48, 51 dorsal). AT—atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752586/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFF416D37FECD9E66" box="[236,265,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–79" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,186,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@26.[151,1436,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 74–79. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (74–76 from Point Reyes Station, 77– 79 from Anchor Bay). 74, 77 Epigynum, ventral. 75–76, 78–79 Vulva (75, 78, ventral, 76, 79 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">75</figureCitation>
) well developed, lightly sclerotized; often broadly attached to atrium but with inconspicuous, somewhat membranous margins. Spermathecal heads small, dorsal lobes (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFCDE6D52FC7B9E3A" box="[883,959,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,180,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,179,1391]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Cybaeus consocius, females from California, copulatory organ (5–7 holotype, 8 from Mount Tamalpais, 9 from near Oakville). 5 Epigynum, ventral. 6–8 Vulva (6, 8 ventral, 7 dorsal). 9 Atria, ventral. BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752539/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFC636D53FC289E3A" box="[974,1004,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 23–26" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,906,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-111@10.[151,1436,906,1898]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 23–26. Cybaeus hummeli spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (23–25 from Miramar, 26 from San Francisco). 23, 26 Epigynum, ventral. 24–25 Vulva (24 ventral, 25 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752564" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752564/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFC516D52FBDE9E3A" box="[1020,1050,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,184,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1226]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Cybaeus simplex, females from Cascadia, Oregon, copulatory organ. 64 Epigynum, ventral. 65–67 Vulva (65 ventral, 66–67 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752604/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">67</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFB846D52FB839E3A" box="[1065,1095,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1111,1135]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,186,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1087]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 30–32. Cybaeus opulentus spec. nov., female from Riverton, California, copulatory organ. 30 Epigynum, ventral. 31–32 Vulva (31 ventral, 32 dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752572/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">32</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFBFB6D53FBB09E3A" box="[1110,1140,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 52–54" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[176,1401,188,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[176,1411,181,1052]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 52–54. Cybaeus penedentatus, female from Brookdale, California, copulatory organ. 52 Epigynum, ventral. 53–54 Vulva (53 ventral, 54 dorsal). AT—atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752592/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">54</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFB2E6D52FB679E3A" box="[1155,1187,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–79" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1772,1796]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,186,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-27@26.[151,1436,181,1748]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 74–79. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (74–76 from Point Reyes Station, 77– 79 from Anchor Bay). 74, 77 Epigynum, ventral. 75–76, 78–79 Vulva (75, 78, ventral, 76, 79 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752616/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">79</figureCitation>
). Spermathecal stalks usually very short, slender, undifferentiated, contiguous or separate in region of Bennett’s glands (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFB5D6D7EFAFE9EDE" box="[1264,1338,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–9" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1417,1441]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,180,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,179,1391]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–9. Cybaeus consocius, females from California, copulatory organ (5–7 holotype, 8 from Mount Tamalpais, 9 from near Oakville). 5 Epigynum, ventral. 6–8 Vulva (6, 8 ventral, 7 dorsal). 9 Atria, ventral. BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca, SS—stalk of spermatheca. Unlabelled arrows indicate anterior margin of atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752539/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFAEA6D7FFAA19EDE" box="[1351,1381,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 52–54" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1076,1100]" captionTargetBox="[176,1401,188,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[176,1411,181,1052]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 52–54. Cybaeus penedentatus, female from Brookdale, California, copulatory organ. 52 Epigynum, ventral. 53–54 Vulva (53 ventral, 54 dorsal). AT—atrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752592/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">54</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFADF6D7EFF739EF1" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1249,1273]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,184,1225]" captionTargetId="figure-27@22.[151,1436,181,1226]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Cybaeus simplex, females from Cascadia, Oregon, copulatory organ. 64 Epigynum, ventral. 65–67 Vulva (65 ventral, 66–67 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752604/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">66– 67</figureCitation>
); relatively long, slender, and sinuous in two species (
<figureCitation id="13192A501901BE2DFCB06D9AFC659EF2" box="[797,929,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–41" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,185,1639]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37–41. Cybaeus spp., females from California, copulatory organ (37–38 C. pan spec. nov. from near Calpine, 39 C. pan spec. nov. from Sierra City, 40–41 C. vulpinus from Big Trees State Park). 37 Epigynum, ventral. 38–41 Vulva (38, 40 ventral; 39, 41 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct, SS—spermathecal stalk. Unlabelled arrow indicates epigynal notch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4752580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4752580/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 39, 41</figureCitation>
). Bennett’s glands close to junction of stalks with rounded bases. Fertilization ducts exiting bases near to junction with stalks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D36D51901BE2DFF6A6DC3FBCC9FFE" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFF6A6DC3FDE39EAB" bold="true" box="[199,551,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Composition and distribution</emphasis>
. Nine species:
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFD7D6DC2FB449EAA" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1932" box="[720,1152,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consocius">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFD7D6DC2FC619EAB" box="[720,933,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Cybaeus consocius</emphasis>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFB266DC2FF019F4E" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1932" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesper">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFB266DC2FB329EAA" box="[1163,1270,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. hesper</emphasis>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFF7C6DEEFE759F4E" authority="Bennett" authorityName="Bennett &amp; Copley &amp; Copley" authorityYear="2021" box="[209,433,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hummeli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFF7C6DEEFE969F4E" box="[209,338,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. hummeli</emphasis>
Bennett
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFE156DEEFDEF9F4E" bold="true" box="[440,555,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26557BC1901BE2DFE156DEEFDEF9F4E" box="[440,555,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFD976DEEFD0C9F4E" authority="Bennett &amp; Copley &amp; Copley, 2021" authorityName="Bennett &amp; Copley &amp; Copley" authorityYear="2021" box="[570,712,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opulentus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFD976DEEFD0C9F4E" box="[570,712,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. opulentus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFD626DEEFC869F4E" bold="true" box="[719,834,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26557BC1901BE2DFD626DEEFC869F4E" box="[719,834,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFCFD6DEEFC3D9F4E" authority="Bennett" authorityName="Bennett &amp; Copley &amp; Copley" authorityYear="2021" box="[848,1017,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFCFD6DEEFC5F9F4F" box="[848,923,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. pan</emphasis>
Bennett
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFBAC6DEEFBB09F4E" bold="true" box="[1025,1140,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26557BC1901BE2DFBAC6DEEFBB09F4E" box="[1025,1140,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFB2F6DEEFA5C9F4E" authority="Bennett" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="2009" box="[1154,1432,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penedentatus">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFB2F6DEEFAF39F4E" box="[1154,1335,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. penedentatus</emphasis>
Bennett
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFF3A6C0AFE919F62" authority="Roth" authorityName="Roth" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,341,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFF3A6C0AFED69F62" box="[151,274,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. simplex</emphasis>
Roth
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFEC96C0AFDEB9F62" authority="Bennett" authorityName="Bennett &amp; Copley &amp; Copley" authorityYear="2021" box="[356,559,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ubicki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFEC96C0AFE089F62" box="[356,460,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. ubicki</emphasis>
Bennett
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFD946C0AFD749F62" bold="true" box="[569,688,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26557BC1901BE2DFD946C0AFD749F62" box="[569,688,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFD596C0AFBEC9F62" authority="Bennett. Eight" authorityName="Bennett. Eight" authorityYear="2009" box="[756,1064,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFD596C0AFCBC9F62" box="[756,888,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. vulpinus</emphasis>
Bennett. Eight
</taxonomicName>
of these species have restricted distributions in
<collectingRegion id="49E6F8371901BE2DFEE96C56FE729F06" box="[324,438,835,861]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">California</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F33576451901BE2DFE116C56FDCD9F06" box="[444,521,835,861]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
in the north and central Sierra
<collectingRegion id="49E6F8371901BE2DFCF66C56FC759F06" box="[859,945,835,861]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Nevada</collectingRegion>
Mountains from Butte and Plumas Counties south to Tuolumne County and along the coast from southern Mendocino County south to Monterey County; one species (
<taxonomicName id="4C224D561901BE2DFF556C9EFEAB9FFE" authorityName="Roth" authorityYear="1952" box="[248,367,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Cybaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B956EAC71901BE2DFF556C9EFEAB9FFE" box="[248,367,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">C. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is relatively broadly distributed in western
<collectingRegion id="49E6F8371901BE2DFCCD6C9EFC709FFE" box="[864,948,907,933]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Oregon</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F33576451901BE2DFC176C9EFBCC9FFE" box="[954,1032,907,933]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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