152 lines
18 KiB
XML
152 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="240558b2-bd8f-4255-abde-4f95fe813d7e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7865082" ID-ZooBank="01F5B181-DDA6-49BB-886F-51D6B42BBECF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1681979660110" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anderson, Robert S." docDate="2023" docId="038B3619FFA7FFC79ABCBDC8FC1FFBAC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5270.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5270 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Toxorhinus Lacordaire 1866" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="FFB24E61FFA6FFC69A2BBD17FFF2FFAB" masterDocTitle="A new species of Toxorhinus Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae; Rhynchophorini) from Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="337" pageNumber="338" updateTime="1682453651488" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>A new species of Toxorhinus Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae; Rhynchophorini) from Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Anderson, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5270</mods:number>
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">240558b2-bd8f-4255-abde-4f95fe813d7e</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7865163" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B3619FFA7FFC79ABCBDC8FC1FFBAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B3619FFA7FFC79ABCBDC8FC1FFBAC" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<subSubSection box="[151,511,223,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,511,223,250]" box="[151,511,223,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,511,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8HS8S" authority="Lacordaire, 1866" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,511,223,250]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Toxorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,511,223,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,290,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Toxorhinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire, T." box="[298,511,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" refId="ref2374" refString="Lacordaire, T. (1866) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol. 7. Roret, Paris, 620 pp." type="book" year="1866">Lacordaire, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1226,291,347]" box="[151,1226,291,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1226,291,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<subSubSection box="[151,502,291,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" type="reference_group">
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<treatmentCitation author="Lacordaire, T." box="[151,498,291,316]" page="304" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" year="1866">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8HS8S" authority="Lacordaire, 1866: 304" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityPageNumber="304" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,498,291,316]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Toxorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,264,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Toxorhinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire, T." box="[270,498,291,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" refId="ref2374" refString="Lacordaire, T. (1866) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol. 7. Roret, Paris, 620 pp." type="book" year="1866">Lacordaire, 1866: 304</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[507,1226,292,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" type="type_taxon">
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<typeStatus box="[507,557,292,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1844" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1844" box="[643,1079,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Sitophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banonii">
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<emphasis box="[643,828,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Sitophilus banonii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Guerin-Meneville, F. E." box="[834,1079,292,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" refId="ref2294" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables, et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptive mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de Zoologie. Vol. 7. Insectes. 1829 - 1838. Bailliere, Paris, 576 pp." type="book" year="1844">Guérin-Méneville, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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by monotypy.
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</subSubSection>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection box="[151,833,322,347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1226,291,347]" box="[151,833,322,347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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Complete synonymy is given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Lyal, C. H. C." box="[478,829,322,346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" refId="ref2119" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. & Lyal, C. H. C. (1999) A World Catalogue of Families and Genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae). Entomopraxis, S. C. P., Barcelona, 316 pp." type="book" year="1999">Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999: 65</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="338" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,392,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,276,392,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" box="[284,461,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dryophthorinae">Dryophthorinae</taxonomicName>
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with scutellum rhomboidal in shape, the greatest width at or near the middle; rostrum extremely long and slender, as long as length of pronotum and elytra combined (or nearly so),male rostrum denticulate dorsally throughout most of length, apical region of rostrum in both sexes expanded, flat, spatulate; mandibles elongate subtriangular, with inner margins parallel-sided and lacking teeth, not or barely touching medially; antenna with club with basal glabrous part with slender, stalk-like base, width at apex 3–4 times width at base; legs long and slender, femora narrow at base, somewhat abruptly clavate towards apex, tibia narrow on all legs, tarsomeres 1 and 2 extremely long, making up most of tarsal length; color pattern on pronotum and elytra composed of concentrated patches of extremely dense micropilosity contrasted with areas lacking such vestiture.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,392,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,370,680,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Identification:</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName box="[508,632,680,706]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Toxorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[508,632,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Toxorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by the long, slender rostrum (about as long as the length of the pronotum and the elytra combined) (
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<figureCitation box="[701,800,716,742]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 4–5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6–7" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1053,1077]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,2006,2030]" captionTargetBox-0="[182,1405,181,1029]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1407,1102,1983]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@3.[182,1405,181,1029]" captionTargetId-1="figure-34@3.[181,1407,1102,1983]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 4–5. 4, Toxorhinus banonii, oblique habitus; 5, T. grallarius, oblique habitus." captionText-1="FIGURES 6–7. Toxorhinus amarillo. 6, lateral habitus female paratype. 7, dorsal habitus female paratype." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865088" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865092" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7865088/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7865092/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
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) and the mandibles elongate subtriangular, with the inner margins parallel-sided and lacking teeth, not touching medially. The slender, stalk-like base of the glabrous part of the antennal club (
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<figureCitation box="[362,464,788,814]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 4–5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6–7" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1053,1077]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,2006,2030]" captionTargetBox-0="[182,1405,181,1029]" captionTargetBox-1="[181,1407,1102,1983]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@3.[182,1405,181,1029]" captionTargetId-1="figure-34@3.[181,1407,1102,1983]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 4–5. 4, Toxorhinus banonii, oblique habitus; 5, T. grallarius, oblique habitus." captionText-1="FIGURES 6–7. Toxorhinus amarillo. 6, lateral habitus female paratype. 7, dorsal habitus female paratype." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865088" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865092" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7865088/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7865092/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
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) is a character state not found in other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1825" box="[916,1097,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dryophthorinae">Dryophthorinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. S." box="[1107,1299,788,815]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" pagination="301 - 304" refId="ref2235" refString="Anderson, R. S. (2018) Stockwellius fasciatus, a new genus and new species of Litosomina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae; Rhynchophorini) from Panama. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 72 (2), 301 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 72.2.301" type="journal article" year="2018">Anderson (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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presented a key to Neotropical
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<taxonomicName box="[367,494,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Litosomini">Litosomini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,392,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,317,860,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Diversity:</emphasis>
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There are two rather widely distributed species of
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<taxonomicName box="[880,1004,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Toxorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[880,1004,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Toxorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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known,
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<taxonomicName authority="(Guerin-Meneville, 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Sitophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banonii">
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<emphasis box="[1101,1213,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">T. banonii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Guerin-Meneville, F. E." pageId="1" pageNumber="338" refId="ref2294" refString="Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Iconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables, et souvent non encore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux. Avec un texte descriptive mis au courant de la science. Ouvrage pouvant servir d'atlas a tous les traites de Zoologie. Vol. 7. Insectes. 1829 - 1838. Bailliere, Paris, 576 pp." type="book" year="1844">Guérin-Méneville, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[235,306,896,923]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1053,1077]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,181,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[182,1405,181,1029]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–5. 4, Toxorhinus banonii, oblique habitus; 5, T. grallarius, oblique habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7865088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName authority="(Lacordaire, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Lacordaire" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[375,742,896,922]" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Toxorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grallarius">
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<emphasis box="[375,518,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">T. grallarius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lacordaire, T." box="[536,733,896,922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" refId="ref2374" refString="Lacordaire, T. (1866) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coleopteres ou expose methodique et critique de tous les genres proposes jusqu'ici dans cet ordre d'insectes. Vol. 7. Roret, Paris, 620 pp." type="book" year="1866">Lacordaire, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[760,832,896,923]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1053,1077]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,181,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-18@3.[182,1405,181,1029]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–5. 4, Toxorhinus banonii, oblique habitus; 5, T. grallarius, oblique habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7865088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Both are widespread in South America, north into southern Central America (
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<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. S." box="[453,632,932,959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref2172" refString="Anderson, R. S. (2002) The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama: Checklist with new synonymy and descriptions of new species of Cactophagus, Mesocordylus, Metamasius and Rhodobaenus (Coleoptera; Curculionoidea). Zootaxa, 80 (1), 1 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 80.1.1" type="journal article" year="2002">Anderson 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). The dorsal patterns of micropilosity are distinctive.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,392,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,396,968,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Natural history:</emphasis>
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Little is known about the natural history of species in this genus. A few specimens of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lacordaire" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Dryophthoridae" genus="Toxorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grallarius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">T. grallarius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been associated with dead palms in
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<collectingCountry box="[731,799,1004,1030]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="338">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. S." box="[814,993,1004,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="338" pagination="301 - 304" refId="ref2235" refString="Anderson, R. S. (2018) Stockwellius fasciatus, a new genus and new species of Litosomina (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae; Rhynchophorini) from Panama. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 72 (2), 301 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X- 72.2.301" type="journal article" year="2018">Anderson 2018</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |