157 lines
17 KiB
XML
157 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="B895CF4BC080ADCF13CA65BC5833D066" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D734F531FF615BE5FB3E5509" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Protoischnuridae Carvalho & Lourenco 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6A4DE74467E210DDB621B168CB4918B0">
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<mods:title id="2A55A88435FA7285889C7DA71077AEFB">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2740CD3E4BF39CA594BBFBBC49C988C7">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A7C0CF8C6DD80BC9980FF637B8EB5C55">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2F7294414077F3FB40A558CA62B7E86F">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AB8FA9E4088AC40DE61CDBB173526945">
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<mods:date id="633DA069BC0507301ECE417EA4B28A30">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7189144758EE58714F916D4111830D43">2003-12-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4FEB4DA3823BAD58A646E7810F372BDC">2003</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="26E3AE51BE062E4E7E285DCD4AA120B6">11</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="913D5D7DCC9E579F8E9FFB0104673604">http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9E8E0D6B5C09E0B15C4998134F34A00B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D47E4939586362E549E3ED9EED09E06F" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D734F531FF615BE5FB3E5509" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785300" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D734F531FF615BE5FB3E5509" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D734F531FF615BE5FB3E5509" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D734F531FF615BE5FE9953C8" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FF615BE5FE9953C8" blockId="120.[192,803,1426,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<heading id="D0D481AFD734F531FF615BE5FE9953C8" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FF615BE5FF7D53C8" bold="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FEB65BE5FC9153A6" authority="Carvalho & Lourenco, 2001" authorityName="Carvalho & Lourenco" authorityYear="2001" box="[279,801,1426,1449]" class="Arachnida" family="Protoischnuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protoischnuridae Carvalho & Lourenço, 2001</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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Extinct.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D734F531FF515BB8FC575420" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FF515BB8FEDB500A" blockId="120.[192,803,1426,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<typeStatus id="54988861D734F531FF515BB8FE9553E9" box="[240,293,1487,1510]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Type</typeStatus>
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Genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FE235BB8FF49500A" authority="Carvalho & Lourenco, 2001" authorityName="Carvalho & Lourenco" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Protoischnuridae" genus="Protoischnurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FE235BB8FD9753E9" box="[386,551,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Protoischnurus</emphasis>
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Carvalho & Lourenço, 2001
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FEA25B99FEA0500A" bold="true" box="[259,272,1518,1541]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">–</emphasis>
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Extinct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FF51587BFD0D5070" blockId="120.[192,803,1426,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FF51587BFE32502C" bold="true" box="[240,386,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Composition.</emphasis>
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The family includes two genera:
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FF61585CFD52504D" authority="Carvalho & Lourenco, 2001" authorityName="Carvalho & Lourenco" authorityYear="2001" box="[192,738,1579,1602]" class="Arachnida" family="Protoischnuridae" genus="Protoischnurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FF61585CFED5504D" box="[192,357,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Protoischnurus</emphasis>
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Carvalho & Lourenço, 2001
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FF61583DFDA3506E" authority="Campos, 1986" authorityName="Campos" authorityYear="1986" box="[192,531,1610,1633]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Araripescorpius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FF61583DFEDD506E" box="[192,365,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Araripescorpius</emphasis>
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Campos, 1986
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</taxonomicName>
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(the latter assigned here provisionally by Carvalho & Lourenço (2001)).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FF5158F0FEB150D4" blockId="120.[192,803,1426,1908]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7AA01FD734F531FF5158F0FECD5092" baselines="1688,1688" box="[240,381,1671,1694]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Geological" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">GEOLOGICAL</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7AA01FD734F531FE2B58F0FDAD5092" baselines="1688,1688" box="[394,541,1671,1694]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Occurrence" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">OCCURRENCE</smallCapsWord>
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. Lower Cretaceous of
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<collectingCountry id="F3347653D734F531FF6158D1FEB150B2" box="[192,257,1702,1725]" name="Brazil" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(Crato member, Santana Formation; ca. 110 Mya).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FF515894FAB85714" blockId="120.[192,803,1426,1908]" lastBlockId="120.[830,1441,199,774]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FF515894FE7A50F5" bold="true" box="[240,458,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FE425894FD2050F5" authorityName="Campos" authorityYear="1986" box="[483,656,1763,1786]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Araripescorpius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FE425894FD2050F5" box="[483,656,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Araripescorpius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was earlier listed under “
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FEF15976FE5D5117" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[336,493,1793,1816]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scorpionoidea">Scorpionoidea</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FE545976FDD15117" box="[501,609,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">sensu lato</emphasis>
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” (Campos, 1986;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D734F531FF615957FEE05138" author="SELDEN" box="[192,336,1824,1847]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" refId="ref96471" refString="SELDEN, P. A. 1993. Arthropoda (Aglaspidida, Pycnogonida and Chelicerata). Pp. 297 - 320 in Benton, M. J. (ed.). The Fossil Record 2. London: Chapman & Hall." type="book" year="1993">Selden, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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), and under “
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FE405957FDC65138" baseAuthorityName="Kjellesvig-Waering" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[481,630,1824,1847]" class="Arachnida" infraOrder="Orthosternina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Orthosternina</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FDDF5957FCA85138" authority="Sedis" authorityName="Sedis" box="[638,792,1824,1847]" class="Arachnida" family="Incertae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Incertae Sedis</taxonomicName>
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” by Fet et al. (2000). Carvalho & Lourenço (2001) placed this family in the superfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FD92592AFD7D517B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[563,717,1885,1908]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scorpionoidea">Scorpionoidea</taxonomicName>
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(sensu Lourenço, 2000a) commenting that
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FB5D5EB0FA1156D1" authorityName="Carvalho & Lourenco" authorityYear="2001" box="[1276,1441,199,222]" class="Arachnida" family="Protoischnuridae" genus="Protoischnurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FB5D5EB0FA1156D1" box="[1276,1441,199,222]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Protoischnurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shows some affinities with the modern families
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FAF05E91FC355714" ID-CoL="G5G" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scorpionidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FC1B5F73FB865714" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[954,1078,260,283]" class="Arachnida" family="Ischnuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ischnuridae</taxonomicName>
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(now
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FBDB5F73FB4D5714" authorityName="Fet & Bechly" authorityYear="2001" box="[1146,1277,260,283]" class="Arachnida" family="Liochelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Liochelidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FCCF5F54FC575420" blockId="120.[830,1441,199,774]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FCCF5F54FBD45735" bold="true" box="[878,1124,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
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. The South American Cretaceous record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FC5B5F35FB1F5756" authorityName="Carvalho & Lourenco" authorityYear="2001" box="[1018,1199,322,345]" class="Arachnida" family="Protoischnuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protoischnuridae</taxonomicName>
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has a particular biogeographic importance for interpreting scorpion evolution. We interpret
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FBAA5F08FB155799" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1035,1189,383,406]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scorpionoidea">Scorpionoidea</taxonomicName>
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as the Pangean superfamily based on its modern biogeographic distribution, and typical scorpionoid features of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FB4A5FCBFA1057DC" authorityName="Carvalho & Lourenco" authorityYear="2001" box="[1259,1440,444,467]" class="Arachnida" family="Protoischnuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protoischnuridae</taxonomicName>
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confirm that by the time when the Gondwanaland breakup was complete, scorpionoids indeed existed in South America.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D734F531FCCF5C40FB665462" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FCCF5C40FB665462" blockId="120.[830,1441,199,774]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FCCF5C40FC6C5441" bold="true" box="[878,988,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. See Carvalho & Lourenço (2001) for details on the diagnosis of this family.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D734F531FCCF5C03FB3E5509" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D734F531FCCF5C03FB3E5509" blockId="120.[830,1441,199,774]" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FCCF5C03FC565484" bold="true" box="[878,998,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Discussion</emphasis>
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. We agree with placement of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FAFC5C03FC0954A5" authorityName="Carvalho & Lourenco" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Protoischnuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protoischnuridae</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FC535CE4FB2054A5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1010,1168,659,682]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scorpionoidea">Scorpionoidea</taxonomicName>
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. However, more work (currently ongoing) on rich Santana fossils needs to be done to clarify position of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FBFA5CA7FAB854E8" authorityName="Campos" authorityYear="1986" box="[1115,1288,720,743]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Araripescorpius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D734F531FBFA5CA7FAB854E8" box="[1115,1288,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="117">Araripescorpius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which shares some features with
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D734F531FBAE5C98FB3B5509" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[1039,1163,751,774]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="120" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chactoidea">Chactoidea</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |