339 lines
36 KiB
XML
339 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="23AD1E31D8FAFF8AFAE1B7C054DC096F" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D72FF52DFC9F5955FA8E522B" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Brotheinae Simon 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D8F04CBCC02CF0F4D955E955F361A3E4">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D7032DA13E8FAF5F954BAC118EBA5EA3">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="854F8AE709346A52A8AE838B7A94B58F">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5CED733EA3601F0208FB7D88EED4139F">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CC470BECF4D280D74AD9287B062F82B4">
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<mods:date id="8D845B01AAD73F57BE7A1AA047D48812">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="171C76419610D8C3B77932AA7E2DED0D">2003</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7D3FECAC9E52DF6BAC885F3A60714CFE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="784C11F9F8544A746B279B9A99BE27EB" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7F7160F59C510D357C4E14D1328511B0" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D72FF52DFC9F5955FA8E522B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785205" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D72FF52DFC9F5955FA8E522B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D72FF52DFC9F5955FA8E522B" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52AFC9F5955FAF35136" box="[830,1347,1826,1849]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFC9F5955FAF35136" blockId="99.[830,1347,1826,1910]" box="[830,1347,1826,1849]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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<heading id="D0D481AFD72FF52AFC9F5955FAF35136" box="[830,1347,1826,1849]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFC9F5955FAF35136" bold="true" box="[830,1347,1826,1849]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFC1B5955FB7C5136" authority="Simon, 1879" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[954,1228,1826,1849]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brotheinae">
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Brotheinae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72FF52AFB9E5955FB7C5136" author="Simon" box="[1087,1228,1826,1849]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" pagination="79 - 115" refId="ref96627" refString="SIMON, E. 1879. 3 e Ordre. - Scorpiones. Pp. 79 - 115 in: Les Arachnides de France. VII. Contenant les Ordres des Chernetes, Scorpiones et Opiliones. Paris: Roret." type="book chapter" year="1879">Simon, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, new rank
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52DFCCF5937FE2D522B" lastPageId="100" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFCCF5937FC565179" blockId="99.[830,1347,1826,1910]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
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<typeStatus id="54988861D72FF52AFCCF5937FC135158" box="[878,931,1856,1879]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Type</typeStatus>
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Genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFC5E5937FA925158" ID-CoL="3DDD" authority="C. L. Koch, 1837" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[1023,1314,1856,1879]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Brotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFC5E5937FBEF5158" box="[1023,1119,1856,1879]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Brotheas</emphasis>
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C. L. Koch, 1837
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFCCF5928FC6F5179" bold="true" box="[878,991,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Synonyms</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D728F52DFEC25E85FAEE549F" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<table id="F923C463D7280AB6FF645E85FA31549F" box="[197,1409,242,656]" gridcols="10" gridrows="10" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645E85FA315711" box="[197,1409,242,286]" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645E85FE795711" box="[197,457,242,286]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFEC25E85FE795711" bold="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Panama & Costa Rica</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FE525E85FDE05711" box="[499,592,242,286]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFE525E85FDE05709" bold="true" box="[499,592,242,262]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Columbia</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FDCA5E85FD0C5711" box="[619,700,242,286]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFDCA5E85FD0C5709" bold="true" box="[619,700,242,262]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Ecuador</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FD765E85FCB45711" box="[727,772,242,286]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFD765E85FCB45709" bold="true" box="[727,772,242,262]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Peru</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5E85FCCF5711" box="[799,895,242,286]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFCBE5E85FCCF5709" bold="true" box="[799,895,242,262]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Venezuela</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365E85FC605711" box="[919,976,242,286]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFC365E85FC605709" bold="true" box="[919,976,242,262]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Brazil</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC4A5E85FB865711" box="[1003,1078,242,286]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFC4A5E85FB865709" bold="true" box="[1003,1078,242,262]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Guyana</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FBEA5E85FB165711" box="[1099,1190,242,286]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFBEA5E85FB165709" bold="true" box="[1099,1190,242,262]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Suriname</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FB625E85FAB95711" box="[1219,1289,242,286]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFB625E85FAB95711" bold="true" box="[1219,1289,242,286]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">French Guiana</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FA825E85FA315711" box="[1315,1409,242,286]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFA825E85FA315711" bold="true" box="[1315,1409,242,286]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Trinidad & Tobago</emphasis>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645F5EFA315749" box="[197,1409,297,326]" gridrow="1" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645F5EFE795749" box="[197,457,297,326]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645F5EFEA35731" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1844" box="[197,275,297,318]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Chactas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645F5EFEA35731" bold="true" box="[197,275,297,318]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Chactas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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1
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</th>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FE525F5EFDE05749" box="[499,592,297,326]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">11</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FDCA5F5EFD0C5749" box="[619,700,297,326]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">3</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5F5EFCCF5749" box="[799,895,297,326]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">14</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FA825F5EFA315749" box="[1315,1409,297,326]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645F25FA315766" box="[197,1409,338,361]" gridrow="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645F25FE795766" box="[197,457,338,361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645F25FEF45768" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1878" box="[197,324,338,359]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Teuthraustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645F25FEF45768" bold="true" box="[197,324,338,359]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Teuthraustes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FE525F25FDE05766" box="[499,592,338,361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FDCA5F25FD0C5766" box="[619,700,338,361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">11</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FD765F25FCB45766" box="[727,772,338,361]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5F25FCCF5766" box="[799,895,338,361]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">6</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365F25FC605766" box="[919,976,338,361]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645F0AFA31579B" box="[197,1409,381,404]" gridrow="3" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645F0AFE79579B" box="[197,457,381,404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645F0AFEDC579D" authorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" authorityYear="1978" box="[197,364,381,402]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Vachoniochactas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645F0AFEDC579D" bold="true" box="[197,364,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Vachoniochactas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5F0AFCCF579B" box="[799,895,381,404]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365F0AFC60579B" box="[919,976,381,404]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645FDEFA3157CF" box="[197,1409,425,448]" gridrow="4" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645FDEFE7957CF" box="[197,457,425,448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645FDEFEE057B1" box="[197,336,425,446]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Broteochactas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645FDEFEE057B1" bold="true" box="[197,336,425,446]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Broteochactas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5FDEFCCF57CF" box="[799,895,425,448]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">8</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365FDEFC6057CF" box="[919,976,425,448]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FB625FDEFAB957CF" box="[1219,1289,425,448]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FA825FDEFA3157CF" box="[1315,1409,425,448]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645FA5FA3157E6" box="[197,1409,466,489]" gridrow="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-9="1">
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<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645FA5FE7957E6" box="[197,457,466,489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645FA5FEAD57E8" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[197,285,466,487]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Brotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645FA5FEAD57E8" bold="true" box="[197,285,466,487]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Brotheas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FE525FA5FDE057E6" box="[499,592,466,489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
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<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5FA5FCCF57E6" box="[799,895,466,489]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">14</td>
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|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365FA5FC6057E6" box="[919,976,466,489]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">7</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC4A5FA5FB8657E6" box="[1003,1078,466,489]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FBEA5FA5FB1657E6" box="[1099,1190,466,489]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FB625FA5FAB957E6" box="[1219,1289,466,489]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645F8AFA31541B" box="[197,1409,509,532]" gridrow="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
|
<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645F8AFE79541B" box="[197,457,509,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645F8AFED3541D" authorityName="Gonzalez-Sponga" authorityYear="1978" box="[197,355,509,530]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Hadrurochactas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645F8AFED3541D" bold="true" box="[197,355,509,530]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Hadrurochactas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5F8AFCCF541B" box="[799,895,509,532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">3</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365F8AFC60541B" box="[919,976,509,532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">3</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FB625F8AFAB9541B" box="[1219,1289,509,532]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645C50FA315430" box="[197,1409,551,575]" gridrow="7" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-7="1">
|
|
<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645C50FE795430" box="[197,457,551,575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645C50FE855433" authorityName="Soleglad & Fet" authorityYear="2003" box="[197,309,551,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Neochactas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645C50FE855433" bold="true" box="[197,309,551,572]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Neochactas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FE525C50FDE05430" box="[499,592,551,575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5C50FCCF5430" box="[799,895,551,575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">27</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365C50FC605430" box="[919,976,551,575]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">4</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC4A5C50FB865430" box="[1003,1078,551,575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FB625C50FAB95430" box="[1219,1289,551,575]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">5</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FA825C50FA315430" box="[1315,1409,551,575]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645C24FA315464" box="[197,1409,595,619]" gridrow="8" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
|
|
<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645C24FE795464" box="[197,457,595,619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645C24FE9D5467" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[197,301,595,616]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chactinae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645C24FE9D5467" bold="true" box="[197,301,595,616]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Chactinae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
1
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FE525C24FDE05464" box="[499,592,595,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">12</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FDCA5C24FD0C5464" box="[619,700,595,619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">14</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FD765C24FCB45464" box="[727,772,595,619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5C24FCCF5464" box="[799,895,595,619]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">22</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365C24FC605464" box="[919,976,595,619]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FA825C24FA315464" box="[1315,1409,595,619]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="35133481D7280AB6FF645C0EFA31549F" box="[197,1409,633,656]" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
|
<th id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FF645C0EFE79549F" box="[197,457,633,656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF645C0EFE865481" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[197,310,633,654]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brotheinae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF645C0EFE865481" bold="true" box="[197,310,633,654]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Brotheinae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FE525C0EFDE0549F" box="[499,592,633,656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">3</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FCBE5C0EFCCF549F" box="[799,895,633,656]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">52</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC365C0EFC60549F" box="[919,976,633,656]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">16</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FC4A5C0EFB86549F" box="[1003,1078,633,656]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">3</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FBEA5C0EFB16549F" box="[1099,1190,633,656]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FB625C0EFAB9549F" box="[1219,1289,633,656]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">9</td>
|
|
<td id="76C25DFDD7280AB6FA825C0EFA31549F" box="[1315,1409,633,656]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF5C664BD728F52DFF615CB6FB945562" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" startId="100.[192,257,705,728]" targetType="table">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D728F52DFF615CB6FB945562" blockId="100.[192,1441,705,877]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF615CB6FE9C54D7" bold="true" box="[192,300,705,728]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Table 10:</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution of chactid subfamilies
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFD285CB4FD5954D7" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[649,745,707,728]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chactinae">Chactinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFCB85CB4FC3254D7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[793,898,707,728]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brotheinae">Brotheinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Central and South America. Data based primarily on species listed in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D728F52DFEC75CABFDB154FE" author="Sissom" box="[358,513,732,753]" firstAuthor="Sissom" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" refId="ref96906" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 2000 a. Family Chactidae Pocock, 1893. Pp. 287 - 322 in Fet, V., W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe & M. E. Braunwalder. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). New York, NY: New York Entomological Society, 690 pp." type="book" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Sissom (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, with addition of new data (González-Sponga, 1993, 1996a, 1997; Kovařík, 1999; Lourenço, 1999d; Lourenço & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2000; Lourenço & Dastych, 2001; Monod & Lourenço, 2001; Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 2002; Vignoli & Kovařík, 2003). Entries denote the
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFD225D79FD7C552C" box="[643,716,782,803]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">number</emphasis>
|
|
of species for each genus. Note the dominant distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFA875D79FA36552C" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[1318,1414,782,803]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chactinae">Chactinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in northwestern to central areas and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFDAD5D51FDC55534" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[524,629,806,827]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brotheinae">Brotheinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in north-central to eastern areas, both overlapping and concentrating in Venezuela (shaded area), which accounts for over fifty percent of the species. This concentration, however, could be an artifact due to the detailed research of M. A. González-Sponga (1996a, etc.) in Venezuela for many decades.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D728F52DFF515DE5FEEF55C7" blockId="100.[192,802,914,1921]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF515DE5FEDF55A6" box="[240,367,914,937]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Belisariinae">Belisariinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Lourenço, 1998,
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFD905DE5FD6B55A6" bold="true" box="[561,731,914,937]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26457AAD728F52DFD905DE5FD6B55A6" box="[561,731,914,937]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">new synonymy</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(valid as tribe name).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D728F52DFF515DA7FE2D522B" blockId="100.[192,802,914,1921]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF515DA7FE3255E8" bold="true" box="[240,386,976,999]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Composition.</emphasis>
|
|
This subfamily is established here. It includes two tribes,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFE0E5D99FDA4520A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[431,532,1006,1029]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brotheini">Brotheini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(four genera) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFD5A5D99FEA2522B" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1998" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Belisariini">Belisariini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(one genus).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3396548D728F52DFF515A5BFEB5512C" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D728F52DFF515A5BFD36524C" blockId="100.[192,802,914,1921]" box="[240,646,1068,1091]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF515A5BFEC5524C" bold="true" box="[240,373,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|
. Europe, South America.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D728F52DFF515A3DFDB153DE" blockId="100.[192,802,914,1921]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF515A3DFE70526E" bold="true" box="[240,448,1098,1121]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
|
|
. The name Brotheidae, based on the
|
|
<typeStatus id="54988861D728F52DFF485A1EFEA7528F" box="[233,279,1129,1152]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">type</typeStatus>
|
|
genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFEC65A1EFD39528F" authority="C. L. Koch, 1837" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1837" box="[359,649,1129,1152]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Brotheas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFEC65A1EFE77528F" box="[359,455,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Brotheas</emphasis>
|
|
C.L. Koch, 1837
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, is here taken out of synonymy (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D728F52DFE375AFFFDCA5290" author="Sissom" box="[406,634,1160,1183]" firstAuthor="Sissom" page="288" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" refId="ref96906" refString="SISSOM, W. D. 2000 a. Family Chactidae Pocock, 1893. Pp. 287 - 322 in Fet, V., W. D. Sissom, G. Lowe & M. E. Braunwalder. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). New York, NY: New York Entomological Society, 690 pp." type="book" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Sissom, 2000a: 288</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It was never used as a valid family-group name since suggested by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D728F52DFF615AB2FECF52D3" author="Simon" box="[192,383,1221,1244]" firstAuthor="Simon" page="92" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" pagination="79 - 115" refId="ref96627" refString="SIMON, E. 1879. 3 e Ordre. - Scorpiones. Pp. 79 - 115 in: Les Arachnides de France. VII. Contenant les Ordres des Chernetes, Scorpiones et Opiliones. Paris: Roret." type="book chapter" year="1879">Simon (1879: 92)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as a family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFDA65AB2FDDF52D3" box="[519,623,1221,1244]" family="Broteidae" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" rank="family">Broteidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(incorrect original spelling), but remained an available synonym. Its establishment as a subfamily does not enable priority of Brotheidae
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D728F52DFEE05B56FE7E5337" author="Simon" box="[321,462,1313,1336]" firstAuthor="Simon" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" pagination="79 - 115" refId="ref96627" refString="SIMON, E. 1879. 3 e Ordre. - Scorpiones. Pp. 79 - 115 in: Les Arachnides de France. VII. Contenant les Ordres des Chernetes, Scorpiones et Opiliones. Paris: Roret." type="book chapter" year="1879">Simon, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
|
over
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFDB45B56FC915337" authority="Pocock, 1893" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[533,801,1313,1336]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
|
Chactidae
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D728F52DFD2A5B56FC915337" author="Pocock" box="[651,801,1313,1336]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" pagination="303 - 330" refId="ref95745" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1893. Notes on the clasification of scorpions, followed by some observations on synonymy, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6), 12: 303 - 330." type="journal article" year="1893">Pocock, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF535B37FDBE5358" authority="Pocock, 1893" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[242,526,1344,1367]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chactoidea">
|
|
Chactoidea
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D728F52DFED55B37FDBE5358" author="Pocock" box="[372,526,1344,1367]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" pagination="303 - 330" refId="ref95745" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1893. Notes on the clasification of scorpions, followed by some observations on synonymy, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6), 12: 303 - 330." type="journal article" year="1893">Pocock, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; this situation is specifically addressed by the Article 35 of the Code (ICZN, 1999): “After 1999, if a family group name is older than a prevailing name for a higher family group rank, it does not displace the junior name”.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D728F52DFF515BAEFEB5512C" blockId="100.[192,802,914,1921]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF515BAEFE5953FF" bold="true" box="[240,489,1497,1520]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
|
|
. Disjunct range of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFD685BAEFF555000" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brotheinae">Brotheinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a remarkable relict feature, paralleled in scorpions at the subfamily level only in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFDB55861FD115022" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1905" box="[532,673,1558,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Euscorpiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scorpiopinae">Scorpiopinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFD7D5861FE955043" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1880" class="Arachnida" family="Diplocentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Diplocentrinae">Diplocentrinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Both the European
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFD945842FD145043" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1998" box="[565,676,1589,1612]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Belisariini">Belisariini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(a single monotypic genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFE2B5823FE465064" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[394,502,1620,1643]" class="Arachnida" family="Belisariidae" genus="Belisarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFE2B5823FE465064" box="[394,502,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Belisarius</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and the South American
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFF615805FE955086" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[192,293,1650,1673]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brotheini">Brotheini</taxonomicName>
|
|
could be relicts of much earlier (Pangean?) distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFEC458E6FE6350A7" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[357,467,1681,1704]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chactidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Disjunct distribution of some South American genera of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D728F52DFE4558C7FDF950C8" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[484,585,1712,1735]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brotheini">Brotheini</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be attributed to the recent (Pleistocene) fluctuations of tropical rainforest (Lourenço, 1988, 1994, 1996b; Monod & Lourenço, 2001).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3396548D728F52DFF51595DFA8E522B" pageId="100" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D728F52DFF51595DFA8E522B" blockId="100.[192,802,914,1921]" lastBlockId="100.[830,1440,914,1060]" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFF51595DFEEE514E" bold="true" box="[240,350,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
|
. Synapomorphies. Patellar trichobothria distance between
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFE2D593EFE08516D" box="[396,440,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
esb
|
|
<subScript id="17A73486D728F52DFE0E5924FE08516D" attach="left" box="[431,440,1875,1890]" fontSize="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFE5B593EFD96516D" box="[506,550,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
esb
|
|
<subScript id="17A73486D728F52DFDBC5924FD96516D" attach="left" box="[541,550,1875,1890]" fontSize="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
is much greater than distance between
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFE2B591FFE02518E" box="[394,434,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
em
|
|
<subScript id="17A73486D728F52DFE085905FE02518E" attach="left" box="[425,434,1906,1921]" fontSize="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D728F52DFE53591FFDAA518E" box="[498,538,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">
|
|
em
|
|
<subScript id="17A73486D728F52DFDB05905FDAA518E" attach="left" box="[529,538,1906,1921]" fontSize="6" pageId="100" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
; ventral surface of leg tarsus dominated with setal pair configuration, median row of spinules essentially obsolete. Important Symplesiomorphies. Hemispermatophore truncal flexure absent; hemispermatophore lamina terminus tenuous, thin, highly tapered; stigma shape small and circular.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |