141 lines
14 KiB
XML
141 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="42CD2D8C1BA61837466A07C6BF4698F4" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D72EF52AFC9F58D1FE7A554C" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Chactinae Pocock 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="F08673ACAB96128F983B0E8C4D1D9178" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="57FBE7992D73347D091DB384A7437A22">
|
||
<mods:title id="0EFBCCDE2702902464C2B250BAE05A00">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="183D4138AD90BB0C41330D174DD0F497" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2FFE3DFECA9C3CCFDB7C98A707F2D1C7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E65E35AE7BFBC1DA0A9BE9BEDEE910FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7F811952C2F53F096FCF3FAAEBCB0614">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C1D59CAA7FDD5005FFCF87DF608A4F60" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D2FFC33A2A289FB03C8BBD3A8913ADF5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="044E1BADCF01170BFB74B51082626A06">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F7C4923422E1E4606071E33B981276E9">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="D6F96DD5DCAB2994CA03BDCB072DDB34">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="6D84DFC1034745F0C73A30063B361AEA" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D89D872D50D53CD2D476FBDD78B482B8">
|
||
<mods:title id="262B6F4C50CEAFF88827000F4EC53CBC">Euscorpius</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="AD6E585F68D341760CF61887176D0846">
|
||
<mods:date id="23F78FF98DE6F6714313B5C344B3479D">2003</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="71A737EA02556138A690574E36C2D7B2" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="0ED59E761A95EE632505CC90DD98CF43">2003-12-26</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="47EA35C5B1D1ADF260E97E8876FCD3F2" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="1A01CBB3A8F056B17D4E0C2F4FCB2D2D">2003</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7C62DE7185500F4F70FE32988DCF1E04" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="D2EA4D94067EBDEC0C225112ADA7584B">11</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F5A9328A54A13C104FE3D8D98E8D8C96" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B25B5E973B75D24773BF9F169BE933F9">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="EC73D7C5BFEBCBE3F8815749E2FEB191">175</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="88E9B17040E6C894750C735AA93AD34C">
|
||
<mods:url id="22FDC8603DA6AED25D6645DE65D78A6E">http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1FA13D90CEC8C75CE0C88A5AD7DF6DBA">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="153E060ED8FD973C1F8B66934FD83864" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A5FF89AC02E1830966378F2D2A840209" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DAE015508187236FCF237927E8925D6A" type="Zenodo-Dep">13237351</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C625D930E1A27824A84F69024530E4A1" type="ZooBank">86191695-B841-4C9D-BFF2-CBC76D1861BA</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="038A87D5D72EF52AFC9F58D1FE7A554C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785199" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785199" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D72EF52AFC9F58D1FE7A554C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D72EF52AFC9F58D1FE7A554C" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396548D72EF52BFC9F58D1FB7850B2" box="[830,1224,1702,1725]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72EF52BFC9F58D1FB7850B2" blockId="98.[830,1441,1702,1908]" box="[830,1224,1702,1725]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<heading id="D0D481AFD72EF52BFC9F58D1FB7850B2" box="[830,1224,1702,1725]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72EF52BFC9F58D1FB7850B2" bold="true" box="[830,1224,1702,1725]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72EF52BFC1B58D1FB7850B2" authority="Pocock, 1893" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[954,1224,1702,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chactinae">
|
||
Chactinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D72EF52BFB9558D1FB7850B2" author="Pocock" box="[1076,1224,1702,1725]" firstAuthor="Pocock" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" pagination="303 - 330" refId="ref95745" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1893. Notes on the clasification of scorpions, followed by some observations on synonymy, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6), 12: 303 - 330." type="journal article" year="1893">Pocock, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396548D72EF52BFCCF58B3FAC8517B" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72EF52BFCCF58B3FB4A50D4" blockId="98.[830,1441,1702,1908]" box="[878,1274,1732,1755]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54988861D72EF52BFCCF58B3FC1350D4" box="[878,931,1732,1755]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72EF52BFC5E58B3FB4650D4" ID-CoL="3LFM" authority="Gervais, 1844" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1844" box="[1023,1270,1732,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" genus="Chactas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72EF52BFC5E58B3FBE650D4" box="[1023,1110,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Chactas</emphasis>
|
||
Gervais, 1844
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72EF52BFCCF5894FAC8517B" blockId="98.[830,1441,1702,1908]" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72EF52BFCCF5894FBB050F5" bold="true" box="[878,1024,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Composition.</emphasis>
|
||
This subfamily includes two tribes:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72EF52BFC9F5976FC295117" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[830,921,1793,1816]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="98" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chactini">Chactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Central and South America; three genera) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72EF52BFC9F5957FC655138" authorityName="Soleglad & Fet" authorityYear="2003" box="[830,981,1824,1847]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="98" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nullibrotheini">Nullibrotheini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3347653D72EF52BFC4F5957FBF45138" box="[1006,1092,1824,1847]" name="Mexico" pageId="98" pageNumber="95">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, one genus). This taxonomic arrangement of four chactid genera, as opposed to subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72EF52BFC2A592AFBB3517B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[907,1027,1885,1908]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="98" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Brotheinae">Brotheinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is proposed here for the first time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52AFF515EB0FEA35420" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFF515EB0FD7056F2" blockId="99.[192,802,199,835]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFF515EB0FEC556D1" bold="true" box="[240,373,199,222]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. North America (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3347653D72FF52AFDFD5EB0FD0356D1" box="[604,691,199,222]" name="Mexico" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Central America (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3347653D72FF52AFE8B5E91FE3356F2" box="[298,387,230,253]" name="Panama" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3347653D72FF52AFE2C5E91FDB656F2" box="[397,518,230,253]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
), South America.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFF515F73FEA35420" blockId="99.[192,802,199,835]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFF515F73FE585714" bold="true" box="[240,488,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFE585F73FDE35714" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[505,595,260,283]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chactini">Chactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found only in the tropical Central and South America (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A10378D72FF52AFDD05F54FD625735" box="[625,722,291,314]" captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="100.[192,257,705,728]" captionText="Table 10: Distribution of chactid subfamilies Chactinae and Brotheinae in Central and South America. Data based primarily on species listed in Sissom (2000a), with addition of new data (González-Sponga, 1993, 1996a, 1997; Kovařík, 1999; Lourenço, 1999d; Lourenço & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2000; Lourenço & Dastych, 2001; Monod & Lourenço, 2001; Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 2002; Vignoli & Kovařík, 2003). Entries denote the number of species for each genus. Note the dominant distribution of Chactinae in northwestern to central areas and Brotheinae in north-central to eastern areas, both overlapping and concentrating in Venezuela (shaded area), which accounts for over fifty percent of the species. This concentration, however, could be an artifact due to the detailed research of M. A. González-Sponga (1996a, etc.) in Venezuela for many decades." pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
), while the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFE855F35FE0B5756" authorityName="Soleglad & Fet" authorityYear="2003" box="[292,443,322,345]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nullibrotheini">Nullibrotheini</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes a monotypic desert genus. It is unlikely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFE185F17FDE05778" authorityName="Soleglad & Fet" authorityYear="2003" box="[441,592,352,375]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nullibrotheini">Nullibrotheini</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a recent South American origin, and therefore it could be a relict of much earlier (Pangean?) distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFDD85FE9FD5757BA" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[633,743,414,437]" class="Arachnida" family="Vaejovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chactinae">Chactinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Disjunct distribution of some South American genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D72FF52AFF615FACFEAB57FD" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1893" box="[192,283,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Chactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chactini">Chactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be attributed to the recent (Pleistocene) fluctuations of tropical rainforest (Lourenço, 1988, 1994, 1996b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396548D72FF52AFF515C40FE7A554C" pageId="99" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D72FF52AFF515C40FE7A554C" blockId="99.[192,802,199,835]" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFF515C40FEEE5441" bold="true" box="[240,350,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Synapomorphies. Chelal trichobothria
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFF615C21FF515462" box="[192,225,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Db</emphasis>
|
||
basal,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFE945C21FEE05462" box="[309,336,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Dt</emphasis>
|
||
situated at palm midpoint; patellar trichobothria series
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFECD5C03FE795482" box="[364,457,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
em
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D72FF52AFE2A5C09FE245482" attach="left" box="[395,404,638,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">1</subScript>
|
||
–em
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D72FF52AFE615C09FE795482" attach="left" box="[448,457,638,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFDA45C03FD825482" box="[517,562,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">
|
||
esb
|
||
<subScript id="17A73486D72FF52AFD885C09FD825482" attach="left" box="[553,562,638,653]" fontSize="6" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
proximal of segment midpoint; neobothriotaxy
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFE765CE4FDB354A5" box="[471,515,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Ch1</emphasis>
|
||
present on patellar ventral surface; neobothriotaxy
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EAD1D72FF52AFE665CC5FE4354C6" box="[455,499,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="96">Ch1</emphasis>
|
||
present on patellar external surface. Important Symplesiomorphies. Hemispermatophore truncal flexure absent; hemispermatophore lamina terminus tenuous, thin, highly tapered; stigma shape small and circular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |